treatments-xml/data/03/A6/7F/03A67F3DFFA8CA103C86A79F9871F92A.xml

<document id="9C062EE6229E2FE104379238D4434A40" ID-CLB-Dataset="36248" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2016.1257074" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5deef061-e47d-4eab-8463-e48cf9c47c76" ID-Zenodo-Dep="400653" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1489857511601" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Andrei E. Humala, H. Marjolein Kruidhof &amp; Jozef B. Woelke" docDate="2017" docId="03A67F3DFFA8CA103C86A79F9871F92A" docLanguage="en" docName="0222933.2016.1257074.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 51 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Megastylus woelkei Humala, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="93" masterDocId="FF9F0745FFABCA1B3D37A303997BFF94" masterDocTitle="New species of Megastylus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Orthocentrinae) reared from larvae of Keroplatidae fungus gnats (Diptera) in a Dutch orchid greenhouse" masterLastPageNumber="95" masterPageNumber="82" pageNumber="85" updateTime="1698438123267" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="639112100053A06FC152DA9E7B7C745B">New species of Megastylus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Orthocentrinae) reared from larvae of Keroplatidae fungus gnats (Diptera) in a Dutch orchid greenhouse</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D8385B308DBA33D3389835350A6014E1">Andrei E. Humala</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2A6EEBA734AB24D57961419F68D0FDA5">H. Marjolein Kruidhof</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="295788E4E45EC05D6A483E357C56354F">Jozef B. Woelke</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="76F05537230CB5205FC4FECE57166C7F">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03A67F3DFFA8CA103C86A79F9871F92A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6045686" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127847948" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6045686" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A67F3DFFA8CA103C86A79F9871F92A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A67F3DFFA8CA103C86A79F9871F92A" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="3" pageNumber="85">
<subSubSection id="C3159DA0FFA8CA183C86A79F9A08FB21" box="[433,883,1180,1205]" pageId="3" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA8CA183C86A79F9A08FB21" blockId="3.[433,883,1180,1240]" box="[433,883,1180,1205]" pageId="3" pageNumber="85">
<heading id="D0F87947FFA8CA183C86A79F9A08FB21" box="[433,883,1180,1205]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="85" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA8CA183C86A79F9A72FB21" authority="Humala" authorityName="Humala" box="[433,777,1180,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woelkei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA8CA183C86A79F9BD8FB21" bold="true" box="[433,675,1180,1205]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="85">Megastylus woelkei</emphasis>
Humala
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A248AF42FFA8CA183E21A79F9A08FB21" box="[790,883,1180,1205]" pageId="3" pageNumber="85" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3159DA0FFA8CA183F1BA7BC9B8CFB4C" box="[556,759,1215,1240]" pageId="3" pageNumber="85" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA8CA183F1BA7BC9B8CFB4C" blockId="3.[433,883,1180,1240]" box="[556,759,1215,1240]" pageId="3" pageNumber="85">
<heading id="D0F87947FFA8CA183F1BA7BC9B8CFB4C" box="[556,759,1215,1240]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="85" reason="1">
(
<figureCitation id="1334D2AEFFA8CA183F03A7BC9BDAFB4C" box="[564,673,1215,1240]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1453,1476]" captionTargetBox="[163,1144,142,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1153,142,1423]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Megastylus woelkei sp. nov. ι holotype female: (a) whole insectι scale bar 0.5 mm; (b) head (anterior view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (c) head and mesosoma (latero-ventral view) ι scale bar 0.5 mm; (d) head (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (e) propodeum and tergites 1 – 5 of metasoma (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.5 mm; (f) wingsι scale bar 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400654/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="85">Figures 1</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation id="1334D2AEFFA8CA183FD6A7BC9B94FB4C" box="[737,751,1215,1240]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1453,1476]" captionTargetBox="[168,1139,147,1358]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,142,1423]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Megastylus woelkei sp. nov. ι paratype male: (a) whole insectι scale bar 0.5 mm; (b – d) variation of face colour (anterior view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (e) head (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (f) parameres (lateral view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400655/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="85">2</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3159DA0FFA8CA183D97A6069A06F9EE" pageId="3" pageNumber="85" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA8CA183D97A606986FFA8B" blockId="3.[160,1156,1285,1727]" box="[160,276,1285,1311]" pageId="3" pageNumber="85">
<heading id="D0F87947FFA8CA183D97A606986FFA8B" bold="true" box="[160,276,1285,1311]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="85" reason="0">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA8CA183D97A606986FFA8B" bold="true" box="[160,276,1285,1311]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="85">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA8CA183D97A6299B89FA7B" blockId="3.[160,1156,1285,1727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="85">
This species differs from other known 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA8CA183F5FA6299B9AFAD6" box="[616,737,1322,1346]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA8CA183F5FA6299B9AFAD6" box="[616,737,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="85">Megastylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species by the combination of the following characters: small size; fore wing length 2.3 mm; female antenna with 32 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA8CA18396CA64F9D13FAF0" box="[1115,1128,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="85">–</emphasis>
35 flagellomeres, first flagellomere 4.5 times as long as wide; ocular 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA8CA183EA0A66C9ADFFA13" box="[919,932,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="85">–</emphasis>
ocellar distance 0.9 times maXimum diameter of lateral ocellus; first tergite 2.3 times as long as apically wide, spiracles at anterior 0.4 of tergite, sternite at about 0.5 of tergite length; second tergite as long as apically wide, without longitudinal striae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA8CA183DF7A6F99A06F9EE" blockId="3.[160,1156,1285,1727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="85">
From the related Holarctic 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA8CA183CDBA6F99A4CF986" authority="Schiodte" authorityName="Schiodte" box="[492,823,1530,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbitator">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA8CA183CDBA6F99BB0F986" box="[492,715,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="85">Megastylus orbitator</emphasis>
Schiødte
</taxonomicName>
, it can easily be distinguished by its smaller size, wider face, longer flagellum and malar space, comparatively short pubescence on the female flagellum, male face pale with a central dark spot, and the absence of pale markings along the frontal orbits in both seXes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3159DA0FFA8CA1F3DF7A5869BD0F920" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="3" pageNumber="85" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA8CA1F3DF7A5869BD0F920" blockId="3.[160,1156,1285,1727]" lastBlockId="4.[160,1155,1623,1716]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="3" pageNumber="85">
Remarks: one undescribed 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA8CA183CC1A5869B14F909" box="[502,623,1669,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA8CA183CC1A5869B14F909" box="[502,623,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="85">Megastylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from Mexico, of which only males are represented in the available collections, is similar to this species in face colour pattern (with a central dark spot), but differs in yellowish inner eye orbits and pronotum, proportions and number of flagellomeres, weak occipital carina, more robust hind femur and larger size (fore wing 3.5 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFAFCA1F3F0EA59F9B3DF920" box="[569,582,1692,1716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="86">–</emphasis>
4.0 mm).
</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF709EA3FFAFCA1F3D97A6AE9B08F989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400654/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="86" targetBox="[163,1144,142,1423]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFAFCA1F3D97A6AE9B08F989" blockId="4.[160,1156,1453,1565]" pageId="4" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFAFCA1F3D97A6AE9980FA50" bold="true" box="[160,251,1453,1476]" pageId="4" pageNumber="86">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFAFCA1F3C33A6AE98C6FA50" box="[260,445,1453,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woelkei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFAFCA1F3C33A6AE98C6FA50" box="[260,445,1453,1476]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="86">Megastylus woelkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A248AF42FFAFCA1F3CF2A6AD9B69FA51" box="[453,530,1454,1477]" pageId="4" pageNumber="86" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
ι holotype female: (a) whole insectι scale bar 0.5 mm; (b) head (anterior view)ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (c) head and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFAFCA1F3F46A6C89BA0FA76" box="[625,731,1483,1506]" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Mesosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">mesosoma</taxonomicName>
(latero-ventral view)ι scale bar 0.5 mm; (d) head (dorsal view)ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (e) propodeum and tergites 1–5 of metasoma (dorsal view)ι scale bar 0.5 mm; (f) wingsι scale bar 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF709EA3FFAECA1E3D97A6AE9B29FA6B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400655/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="87" targetBox="[168,1139,147,1358]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFAECA1E3D97A6AE9B29FA6B" blockId="5.[160,1155,1453,1535]" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFAECA1E3D97A6AE9985FA50" bold="true" box="[160,254,1453,1476]" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFAECA1E3C30A6AE98BEFA50" box="[263,453,1453,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woelkei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFAECA1E3C30A6AE98BEFA50" box="[263,453,1453,1476]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">Megastylus woelkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A248AF42FFAECA1E3CF8A6AD9B5AFA51" box="[463,545,1454,1477]" pageId="5" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
ι paratype male: (a) whole insectι scale bar 0.5 mm; (b–d) variation of face colour (anterior view)ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (e) head (dorsal view)ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (f) parameres (lateral view)ι scale bar 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3159DA0FFAECA133D97A51B9829FE9A" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="5" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFAECA1E3D97A51B985DF9A6" blockId="5.[160,953,1560,1620]" box="[160,294,1560,1586]" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">
<heading id="D0F87947FFAECA1E3D97A51B985DF9A6" bold="true" box="[160,294,1560,1586]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="87" reason="0">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFAECA1E3D97A51B985DF9A6" bold="true" box="[160,294,1560,1586]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFAECA1E3D97A5399AC2F9C0" blockId="5.[160,953,1560,1620]" box="[160,953,1594,1620]" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFAECA1E3D97A5399987F9C0" bold="true" box="[160,252,1594,1620]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">Female.</emphasis>
Body length 3.4 mm, fore wing length 2.3 mm (
<figureCitation id="1334D2AEFFAECA1E3E05A53F9AF2F9C0" box="[818,905,1596,1620]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1453,1476]" captionTargetBox="[163,1144,142,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1153,142,1423]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Megastylus woelkei sp. nov. ι holotype female: (a) whole insectι scale bar 0.5 mm; (b) head (anterior view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (c) head and mesosoma (latero-ventral view) ι scale bar 0.5 mm; (d) head (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (e) propodeum and tergites 1 – 5 of metasoma (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.5 mm; (f) wingsι scale bar 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400654/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(a)).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFAECA1D3D97A5809D06FDD2" blockId="5.[160,1155,1667,1727]" lastBlockId="6.[160,1156,142,582]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFAECA1E3D97A580999FF909" bold="true" box="[160,228,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="87">Head.</emphasis>
Head as wide as high, nearly polished, sparsely punctate. Face at level of antennal sockets 0.7 times as wide as head width, its inner orbits slightly divergent ventrally (
<figureCitation id="1334D2AEFFADCA1D3C26A38D9811FF32" box="[273,362,142,166]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1453,1476]" captionTargetBox="[163,1144,142,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1153,142,1423]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Megastylus woelkei sp. nov. ι holotype female: (a) whole insectι scale bar 0.5 mm; (b) head (anterior view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (c) head and mesosoma (latero-ventral view) ι scale bar 0.5 mm; (d) head (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (e) propodeum and tergites 1 – 5 of metasoma (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.5 mm; (f) wingsι scale bar 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400654/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(b)). Antenna long, with 33 flagellomeres, first flagellomere obliquely truncate, about 4.5 times as long as wide, second flagellomere 1.8 times as long as wide; flagellomeres from eight quadrate; flagellum densely covered with long erect setae. Frons smooth, nearly polished; margins of antennal sockets somewhat raised; face scarcely punctate and covered with sparse long hairs. Clypeus strongly convex, about 2.0 times as wide as high, its apical margin truncate. Malar space long, 2.8 times basal width of mandible, 0.35 times as long as face width, with distinct subocular sulcus as coriaceous strip between eye and base of mandible (
<figureCitation id="1334D2AEFFADCA1D3E35A2829A21FE0D" box="[770,858,385,409]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1453,1476]" captionTargetBox="[163,1144,142,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1153,142,1423]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Megastylus woelkei sp. nov. ι holotype female: (a) whole insectι scale bar 0.5 mm; (b) head (anterior view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (c) head and mesosoma (latero-ventral view) ι scale bar 0.5 mm; (d) head (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (e) propodeum and tergites 1 – 5 of metasoma (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.5 mm; (f) wingsι scale bar 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400654/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(c)); anterior tentorial pits large and open. Mandible slender, strongly tapered and turned inwards, small lower tooth much shorter than upper tooth; maXillary palps long. Temples moderately long, 0.5 times transverse diameter of compound eye; occipital carina complete. Ocelli of moderate size, ocular 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFADCA1D3CA0A10898DFFDB7" box="[407,420,523,547]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">–</emphasis>
ocellar distance 0.9 times maXimum diameter of lateral ocellus, postocellar line 0.8 times as long as maXimum diameter of lateral ocellus (
<figureCitation id="1334D2AEFFADCA1D3EC3A12D9D37FDD2" box="[1012,1100,558,582]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1453,1476]" captionTargetBox="[163,1144,142,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1153,142,1423]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Megastylus woelkei sp. nov. ι holotype female: (a) whole insectι scale bar 0.5 mm; (b) head (anterior view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (c) head and mesosoma (latero-ventral view) ι scale bar 0.5 mm; (d) head (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (e) propodeum and tergites 1 – 5 of metasoma (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.5 mm; (f) wingsι scale bar 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400654/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(d)).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFADCA1D3D97A17E9AA1FBCE" blockId="6.[160,1156,637,1114]" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFADCA1D3D97A17E985EFD03" bold="true" box="[160,293,637,663]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
Mesosoma coriaceous, 1.8 times as long as high; epomia lacking. Epicnemial carina well developed, distant from front edge of mesopleuron and ending at mid-height (
<figureCitation id="1334D2AEFFADCA1D3C67A1C698D1FD49" box="[336,426,709,733]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1453,1476]" captionTargetBox="[163,1144,142,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1153,142,1423]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Megastylus woelkei sp. nov. ι holotype female: (a) whole insectι scale bar 0.5 mm; (b) head (anterior view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (c) head and mesosoma (latero-ventral view) ι scale bar 0.5 mm; (d) head (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (e) propodeum and tergites 1 – 5 of metasoma (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.5 mm; (f) wingsι scale bar 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400654/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(c)). Mesoscutum convex, with sparse small punctures bearing long setae; notaulus shallow and indistinct. Scutellum with lateral longitudinal carinae reaching its posterior end. Sternaulus weak and indistinct. Propodeum with lateral longitudinal carina present, two transverse carinae weakly developed, and other carinae reduced (
<figureCitation id="1334D2AEFFADCA1D3C27A04C9816FCF3" box="[272,365,847,871]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1453,1476]" captionTargetBox="[163,1144,142,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1153,142,1423]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Megastylus woelkei sp. nov. ι holotype female: (a) whole insectι scale bar 0.5 mm; (b) head (anterior view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (c) head and mesosoma (latero-ventral view) ι scale bar 0.5 mm; (d) head (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (e) propodeum and tergites 1 – 5 of metasoma (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.5 mm; (f) wingsι scale bar 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400654/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(e)). Propodeal spiracle circular, separated from lateral longitudinal carina by one diameter of spiracle. Fore wing with 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFADCA1D3FEEA0719A73FC1E" box="[729,776,882,906]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">cu-a</emphasis>
slightly proXimal to base of 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFADCA1D3970A0719DF8FC1E" box="[1095,1155,882,906]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">Rs&amp;M</emphasis>
by 0.2 times length of 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFADCA1D3C93A09698A8FC39" box="[420,467,917,941]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">cu-a</emphasis>
; vein 2 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFADCA1D3F11A0969B26FC39" box="[550,605,917,941]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">m-cu</emphasis>
with two bullae, areolet absent, hind wing with 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFADCA1D3D97A0B499B4FC5B" box="[160,207,951,975]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">cu-a</emphasis>
slightly reclivous, 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFADCA1D3C96A0B498B0FC5B" box="[417,459,951,975]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">Cu1</emphasis>
depigmented, closer to 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFADCA1D3FD5A0B49B85FC5B" box="[738,766,951,975]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">1A</emphasis>
than to 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFADCA1D3E55A0B49A0CFC5B" box="[866,887,951,975]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">M</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1334D2AEFFADCA1D3EB1A0B49AA4FC5B" box="[902,991,951,975]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1453,1476]" captionTargetBox="[163,1144,142,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1153,142,1423]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Megastylus woelkei sp. nov. ι holotype female: (a) whole insectι scale bar 0.5 mm; (b) head (anterior view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (c) head and mesosoma (latero-ventral view) ι scale bar 0.5 mm; (d) head (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (e) propodeum and tergites 1 – 5 of metasoma (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.5 mm; (f) wingsι scale bar 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400654/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(f)). Legs long; fore coXa with transverse basal carina (
<figureCitation id="1334D2AEFFADCA1D3F61A0D99BD7FC66" box="[598,684,986,1010]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1453,1476]" captionTargetBox="[163,1144,142,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1153,142,1423]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Megastylus woelkei sp. nov. ι holotype female: (a) whole insectι scale bar 0.5 mm; (b) head (anterior view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (c) head and mesosoma (latero-ventral view) ι scale bar 0.5 mm; (d) head (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (e) propodeum and tergites 1 – 5 of metasoma (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.5 mm; (f) wingsι scale bar 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400654/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(c)); hind coXa matt, hind femur 5.3 times as long as wide, 0.8 times as long as hind tibia; hind basitarsus 0.4 times as long as hind tibia; hind tibia somewhat banded in apical half with depression on its dorsal surface; tibial spurs straight and slender, tarsal claws slender and weakly curved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFADCA1D3D97A792984EFA55" blockId="6.[160,1156,1169,1473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFADCA1D3D97A7929858FB3F" bold="true" box="[160,291,1169,1195]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">Metasoma.</emphasis>
First tergite of metasoma slightly constricted behind spiracles, 2.3 times as long as apically wide, coriaceous; glymma lacking; spiracles at anterior 0.4 of tergite (
<figureCitation id="1334D2AEFFADCA1D3D9FA7DA9985FB65" box="[168,254,1241,1265]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1453,1476]" captionTargetBox="[163,1144,142,1423]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1153,142,1423]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Megastylus woelkei sp. nov. ι holotype female: (a) whole insectι scale bar 0.5 mm; (b) head (anterior view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (c) head and mesosoma (latero-ventral view) ι scale bar 0.5 mm; (d) head (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (e) propodeum and tergites 1 – 5 of metasoma (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.5 mm; (f) wingsι scale bar 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400654/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">Figure 1</figureCitation>
(e)); dorsal and lateral longitudinal carinae lacking; first sternite fused to tergite, about 0.5 times as long as tergite length, in lateral view forming weakly rounded lobe; tergite II coriaceous, as long as apically wide; thyridium small, close to anterior margin. Remaining tergites more finely sculptured towards apeX; metasoma weakly compressed to apeX; tergites covered with sparse long hairs. Sternites II 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFADCA1D3E02A6609A39FAEF" box="[821,834,1379,1403]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">–</emphasis>
V with sparse dark setiferous punctures, sclerites fuscous. Ovipositor straight and slender, its sheath as long as hind femur depth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFADCA1C3D97A6FB9AE0FF5D" blockId="6.[160,1156,1528,1727]" lastBlockId="7.[160,1155,142,201]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFADCA1D3D97A6FB998FF986" bold="true" box="[160,244,1528,1554]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="88">Colour.</emphasis>
Fuscous. Mandibles, eXcept for reddish teeth, palps and tegula pale. Face brown, with light marks under antennal sockets. Scape and pedicel ventrally, first flagellomere, apical half of clypeus yellowish brown, rest of flagellum fuscous. Pronotum anteriorly and in hind corners, lower mesopleuron and mesepimeron reddish brown. Metasoma fuscous, tergite II brown with yellowish thyridium and apical margin; tergite III yellowish, more fuscous laterally; tergite IV with light brown medial spot anteriorly. Fore and mid legs yellowish; hind legs light brown. Hind tibia infuscate dorsally in apical 0.4. Wings hyaline, pterostigma and veins brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFACCA1C3D97A3F79D60FE9A" blockId="7.[160,1051,244,270]" box="[160,1051,244,270]" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFACCA1C3D97A3F7999BFE9A" bold="true" box="[160,224,244,270]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">Male.</emphasis>
Similar to female. Body length 3.0 mm, fore wing 2.4 mm (
<figureCitation id="1334D2AEFFACCA1C3EA4A3F59A8AFE9A" box="[915,1009,246,270]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1453,1476]" captionTargetBox="[168,1139,147,1358]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,142,1423]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Megastylus woelkei sp. nov. ι paratype male: (a) whole insectι scale bar 0.5 mm; (b – d) variation of face colour (anterior view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (e) head (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (f) parameres (lateral view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400655/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(a)).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFACCA1C3D97A2399BA1FDFD" blockId="7.[160,1156,314,617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFACCA1C3D97A239999FFEC0" bold="true" box="[160,228,314,340]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">Head.</emphasis>
Head width 1.1 times its height; head matt, sparsely punctate. Face at level of antennal sockets 0.55 times as wide as head width (
<figureCitation id="1334D2AEFFACCA1C3E12A25D9AF2FEE2" box="[805,905,350,374]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1453,1476]" captionTargetBox="[168,1139,147,1358]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,142,1423]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Megastylus woelkei sp. nov. ι paratype male: (a) whole insectι scale bar 0.5 mm; (b – d) variation of face colour (anterior view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (e) head (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (f) parameres (lateral view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400655/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(b 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFACCA1C3EA9A25D9AD0FEE2" box="[926,939,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">–</emphasis>
d)). Antenna long, eXceeds body length, with 31 flagellomeres, first flagellomere about 5.7 times as long as wide, second flagellomere 2.8 times as long as wide; all flagellomeres longer than wide. Frons nearly polished, almost impunctate; face smooth, scarcely punctate. Clypeus convex, about 2.1 times as wide as high, apical margin nearly truncate. Malar space 2.5 times as long as basal width of mandible. Ocelli of moderate size, ocular 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFACCA1C3EF0A10F9AAFFDB0" box="[967,980,524,548]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">–</emphasis>
ocellar distance as long as maXimum diameter of lateral ocellus, postocellar distance 0.9 times as long as maXimum diameter of lateral ocellus (
<figureCitation id="1334D2AEFFACCA1C3F65A1529BCBFDFD" box="[594,688,593,617]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1453,1476]" captionTargetBox="[168,1139,147,1358]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,142,1423]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Megastylus woelkei sp. nov. ι paratype male: (a) whole insectι scale bar 0.5 mm; (b – d) variation of face colour (anterior view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (e) head (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (f) parameres (lateral view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400655/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(e)).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFACCA1C3D97A1969A7BFD60" blockId="7.[160,1156,661,756]" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFACCA1C3D97A196985EFD3B" bold="true" box="[160,293,661,687]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
Mesosoma length 1.7 times height. Legs long, slenderer than in females; hind coXa coriaceous, hind femur 6.0 times as long as wide, 0.7 times as long as hind tibia; hind basitarsus 0.45 times as long as hind tibia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFACCA1C3D97A0239B36FC73" blockId="7.[160,1156,800,999]" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFACCA1C3D97A0239858FCAE" bold="true" box="[160,291,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">Metasoma.</emphasis>
First tergite of metasoma slender, somewhat constricted behind spiracles, 2.8 times as long as apically wide, coriaceous, with sparse long hairs laterally; spiracles protruding, situated at anterior 0.4 of tergite; post-petiole somewhat inflated in middle and narrowed to apeX; first sternite 0.4 times as long as tergite length, in lateral view forming rounded lobe; second tergite 1.2 times as long as apically wide. Parameres strongly tapered to apeX (
<figureCitation id="1334D2AEFFACCA1C3CFCA0CC9B52FC73" box="[459,553,975,999]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1453,1476]" captionTargetBox="[168,1139,147,1358]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,142,1423]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Megastylus woelkei sp. nov. ι paratype male: (a) whole insectι scale bar 0.5 mm; (b – d) variation of face colour (anterior view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (e) head (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (f) parameres (lateral view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400655/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(f)).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFACCA1C3D97A7119833FA3E" blockId="7.[160,1156,1042,1450]" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFACCA1C3D97A711998FFBB8" bold="true" box="[160,244,1042,1068]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">Colour.</emphasis>
Colouration as in female eXcept lighter on pronotum and hind femur; tergites III 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFACCA1C3D84A73499BBFBDB" box="[179,192,1079,1103]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">–</emphasis>
IV yellowish, more fuscous laterally; tergite V with light brown median spot along anterior margin. Head dark brown; face yellowish, eXcept for fuscous lower corners and elongated central spot in upper part close to antennal sockets, more dusky on facial margins and malar space (
<figureCitation id="1334D2AEFFACCA1C3CFDA79C9B5CFB23" box="[458,551,1183,1207]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1453,1476]" captionTargetBox="[168,1139,147,1358]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,142,1423]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Megastylus woelkei sp. nov. ι paratype male: (a) whole insectι scale bar 0.5 mm; (b – d) variation of face colour (anterior view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (e) head (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (f) parameres (lateral view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400655/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(b 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFACCA1C3F0AA79C9B31FB23" box="[573,586,1183,1207]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">–</emphasis>
d)). Scape, pedicel and first flagellomere yellowish, rest of flagellum fuscous; mandibles eXcept for reddish teeth, palps and tegulae pale. Mesosoma brown, mesepimeron and pronotum eXcluding anterior part and hind corners yellowish; propleuron mostly brown; metasoma fuscous, eXcept for yellowish thyridium, parameres, and apical margins of tergite II, tergite III and tergites IV 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFACCA1C3950A62A9D0FFAD5" box="[1127,1140,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">–</emphasis>
V anteriorly. Legs yellowish, fore and mid coXae and trochanters pale. Hind femur yellowish brown, hind tibia more fuscous with light basal band and dark brown area apically on dorsal face.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFACCA133D97A6D69829FE9A" blockId="7.[160,1155,1493,1727]" lastBlockId="8.[160,1155,142,270]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFACCA1C3D97A6D6986FFA7B" bold="true" box="[160,276,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">Variation.</emphasis>
Flagellum with 32 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFACCA1C3CC3A6D49B7AFA7B" box="[500,513,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">–</emphasis>
35 flagellomeres in females and 28 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFACCA1C3EADA6D49ADCFA7B" box="[922,935,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">–</emphasis>
32 flagellomeres in males. Fore wing sometimes with single indistinct bulla in 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFACCA1C3E7FA6F99AF7F986" box="[840,908,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">2m-cu</emphasis>
, hind wing with 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFACCA1C3963A6F99DF8F986" box="[1108,1155,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">cu-a</emphasis>
and abscissa of 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFACCA1C3C51A51E98EBF9A1" box="[358,400,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">Cu1</emphasis>
between 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFACCA1C3F38A51E9B5FF9A1" box="[527,548,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">M</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFACCA1C3F5CA51E9BE1F9A1" box="[619,666,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="89">cu-a</emphasis>
forming single arched vein; one female specimen with sternite I reaching level of spiracles only. Colouration of propleuron and mesopleuron varying from fuscous to reddish-brown in both sexes, usually 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFACCA1C3909A56199A7F909" class="Arachnida" family="Sclerosomatidae" genus="Mesosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="7" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">mesosoma</taxonomicName>
darker dorsally than ventrally. Some male paratypes pale yellow on entire tergite III. In some female paratypes clypeus entirely yellowish; face, marks along notauli and tip of scutellum brownish. Hind femur and tibia range from yellowish to brown; male face varying from entirely pale to light brown; fuscous spot in centre of face sometimes enlarged as vertical mark connecting frons and clypeus (
<figureCitation id="1334D2AEFFA3CA133E01A3D79AEDFF78" box="[822,918,212,236]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1453,1476]" captionTargetBox="[168,1139,147,1358]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,142,1423]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Megastylus woelkei sp. nov. ι paratype male: (a) whole insectι scale bar 0.5 mm; (b – d) variation of face colour (anterior view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (e) head (dorsal view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm; (f) parameres (lateral view) ι scale bar 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400655/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Figure 2</figureCitation>
(b 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA3CA133E9BA3D09AC2FF7F" box="[940,953,211,235]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">–</emphasis>
d)), or sometimes totally reduced.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3159DA0FFA3CA133D97A2439D3DFE71" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA3CA133D97A24398FBFECE" blockId="8.[160,1156,320,485]" box="[160,384,320,346]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">
<heading id="D0F87947FFA3CA133D97A24398FBFECE" bold="true" box="[160,384,320,346]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" reason="0">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA3CA133D97A24398FBFECE" bold="true" box="[160,384,320,346]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA3CA133D97A2669D3DFE71" blockId="8.[160,1156,320,485]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">
<materialsCitation id="3B67C476FFA3CA133D97A2669BF1FE56" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1440683628" collectedFrom="eX larva of fungus gnat (Diptera: Keroplatidae" collectingDate="2015-07-13" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="J. B. Woelke &amp; H. M. Kruidhof &amp; M. van Twist" country="Netherlands" latitude="52.004772" location="orchid greenhouse" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="4.516682" municipality="Bleiswijk" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA3CA133D97A266981CFEE9" bold="true" box="[160,359,357,381]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">
<typeStatus id="54B47089FFA3CA133D97A2669871FEE9" box="[160,266,357,381]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D0905A2FFA3CA133C2EA266981CFEE9" box="[281,359,357,381]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" type="female">female</specimenCount>
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1E56EEFFA3CA133C4BA26698BDFEE9" box="[380,454,357,381]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">BMNH</collectionCode>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F3188EBBFFA3CA133CEAA2669BE3FEE9" box="[477,664,357,381]" name="Netherlands" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">The Netherlands</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD45451FFA3CA133F9CA2669A73FEE9" box="[683,776,357,381]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Bleiswijk</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3BA8ECFFA3CA133E2EA2669AD9FEE9" box="[793,930,357,381]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" precision="1" value="52.004772">52.004771°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE3BA8ECFFA3CA133E82A2669D57FEE9" box="[949,1068,357,381]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" precision="1" value="4.516682">4.516682°E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<location id="8ED098F0FFA3CA133909A2669859FE0B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A67F3DFFA8CA103C86A79F9871F92A:8ED098F0FFA3CA133909A2669859FE0B" country="Netherlands" latitude="52.004772" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="4.516682" municipality="Bleiswijk" name="orchid greenhouse" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">orchid greenhouse</location>
, emerged 
<collectingDate id="EFF51103FFA3CA133CADA2849B5CFE0B" box="[410,551,391,415]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" value="2015-07-13">
<date id="FFB1E8EBFFA3CA133CADA2849B5CFE0B" box="[410,551,391,415]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" value="2015-07-13">13 July 2015</date>
</collectingDate>
<collectedFrom id="38138DD6FFA3CA133F06A2849D55FE0B" box="[561,1070,391,415]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">
eX larva of fungus gnat (
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA3CA133E72A2849AE3FE0B" box="[837,920,391,415]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA3CA133E92A2849D55FE0B" box="[933,1070,391,415]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Keroplatidae</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
) (leg. 
<collectorName id="26FAABFDFFA3CA133943A2849874FE56" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">J. B. Woelke</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="26FAABFDFFA3CA133C2BA2A998C8FE56" box="[284,435,426,450]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">H.M. Kruidhof</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName id="26FAABFDFFA3CA133CD8A2A99B06FE56" box="[495,637,426,450]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">M. van Twist</collectorName>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B67C476FFA3CA133FA4A2A99D3DFE71" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1440683627" collectingDate="2015-07-10" collectingDateMax="2015-07-16" collectingDateMin="2015-07-10" collectionCode="BMNH, ZISP, FRI, RMNH" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" specimenCount="24" specimenCount-female="12" specimenCount-male="12" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54B47089FFA3CA133FA4A2A99A7EFE56" box="[659,773,426,450]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA3CA133FA4A2A99A7EFE56" bold="true" box="[659,773,426,450]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D0905A2FFA3CA133E27A2A99AFCFE56" box="[784,903,426,450]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" type="female">12 females</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D0905A2FFA3CA133EF3A2A99D53FE56" box="[964,1064,426,450]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" type="male">12 males</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED1E56EEFFA3CA133900A2A99D04FE56" box="[1079,1151,426,450]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">BMNH</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED1E56EEFFA3CA133D97A2CE99AAFE71" box="[160,209,461,485]" collectionName="Russia, St. Petersburg, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">ZISP</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED1E56EEFFA3CA133DEBA2CE9985FE71" box="[220,254,461,485]" collectionName="FRI" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">FRI</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED1E56EEFFA3CA133C3DA2CE9828FE71" box="[266,339,461,485]" collectionName="Netherlands, Leiden, Nationaal Natuurhistorische Museum (&quot;Naturalis&quot;) [formerly Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">RMNH</collectionCode>
), same label, but dates of emergence 
<collectingDate id="EFF51103FFA3CA133FC0A2CE9AF8FE71" box="[759,899,461,485]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" value="2015-07-10">
<date id="FFB1E8EBFFA3CA133FC0A2CE9AF8FE71" box="[759,899,461,485]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" value="2015-07-10">10 July 2015</date>
</collectingDate>
, 
<date id="FFB1E8EBFFA3CA133EB8A2CE9D39FE71" box="[911,1090,460,485]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" value="2015-07-13" valueMax="2015-07-16" valueMin="2015-07-13">
<collectingDate id="EFF51103FFA3CA133EB8A2CE9D39FE71" box="[911,1090,460,485]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" value="2015-07-13" valueMax="2015-07-16" valueMin="2015-07-13">
13 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA3CA133E9EA2CF9ACDFE70" box="[937,950,460,484]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">–</emphasis>
16 July 2015
</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3159DA0FFA3CA133D97A1159AC4FCB7" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA3CA133D97A1159983FDA4" blockId="8.[160,1155,534,803]" box="[160,248,534,560]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">
<heading id="D0F87947FFA3CA133D97A1159983FDA4" bold="true" box="[160,248,534,560]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" reason="0">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA3CA133D97A1159983FDA4" bold="true" box="[160,248,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Biology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA3CA133D97A1389AC4FCB7" blockId="8.[160,1155,534,803]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">
Koinobiont, solitary larval endoparasitoid. All specimens of this species were reared from keroplatid larvae (
<figureCitation id="1334D2AEFFA3CA133C5BA15E98B1FDE1" box="[364,458,605,629]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1574,1597]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[163,1153,142,1544]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. (a) Keroplatid larva parasitized by Megastylus woelkei sp. nov. ι inside the keroplatid larva the larva of M. woelkei is visible; (b) cocoon of M. woelkei sp. nov. from which the adult wasp has already emergedι scale bar 1.0 mm; (c) keroplatid pupa from orchid nurseryι scale bar 1.0 mm; (d) female of Lyprauta cambria ι one of the three probable host species for M. woelkei sp. nov. ι scale bar 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400656/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(a)), which were found between the bark and roots in pots of the orchid hybrid cultivars of 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA3CA133CC4A1839883FD0C" box="[499,504,640,664]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">‘</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA3CA133CCEA1839B2CFD0C" box="[505,599,640,664]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Lyprauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambria">Cambria</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA3CA133F61A1839B27FD0C" box="[598,604,640,664]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">’</emphasis>
. Three species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA3CA133E1CA1839AC2FD0C" box="[811,953,640,664]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Keroplatidae</taxonomicName>
were recorded in the orchid nursery: 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA3CA133C4CA1A09A5EFD2F" box="[379,805,675,699]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA3CA133C4CA1A09B21FD2F" box="[379,602,675,699]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Lyprauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chacoensis">Lyprauta chacoensis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA3CA133F52A1A09A5EFD2F" box="[613,805,675,699]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Lyprauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambria">Lyprauta cambria</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1334D2AEFFA3CA133E03A1A09AEBFD2F" box="[820,912,675,699]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1574,1597]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[163,1153,142,1544]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. (a) Keroplatid larva parasitized by Megastylus woelkei sp. nov. ι inside the keroplatid larva the larva of M. woelkei is visible; (b) cocoon of M. woelkei sp. nov. from which the adult wasp has already emergedι scale bar 1.0 mm; (c) keroplatid pupa from orchid nurseryι scale bar 1.0 mm; (d) female of Lyprauta cambria ι one of the three probable host species for M. woelkei sp. nov. ι scale bar 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400656/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(d)) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA3CA133ED8A1A09851FD49" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Proceroplatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinidadensis">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA3CA133ED8A1A09851FD49" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Proceroplatus trinidadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Larvae of the new 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA3CA133F21A1C69BF4FD49" box="[534,655,709,733]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA3CA133F21A1C69BF4FD49" box="[534,655,709,733]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Megastylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species consume host tissues almost completely (
<figureCitation id="1334D2AEFFA3CA133DCBA1EB9821FC94" box="[252,346,744,768]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1574,1597]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[163,1153,142,1544]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. (a) Keroplatid larva parasitized by Megastylus woelkei sp. nov. ι inside the keroplatid larva the larva of M. woelkei is visible; (b) cocoon of M. woelkei sp. nov. from which the adult wasp has already emergedι scale bar 1.0 mm; (c) keroplatid pupa from orchid nurseryι scale bar 1.0 mm; (d) female of Lyprauta cambria ι one of the three probable host species for M. woelkei sp. nov. ι scale bar 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400656/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(a)). Cocoons are tightly woven; thin and semi-translucent, light brown in colour, 4.5 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA3CA133C03A008983AFCB7" box="[308,321,779,803]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">–</emphasis>
4.7 mm in length and 1.3 mm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="1334D2AEFFA3CA133E02A0089AEFFCB7" box="[821,916,779,803]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1574,1597]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[163,1153,142,1544]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. (a) Keroplatid larva parasitized by Megastylus woelkei sp. nov. ι inside the keroplatid larva the larva of M. woelkei is visible; (b) cocoon of M. woelkei sp. nov. from which the adult wasp has already emergedι scale bar 1.0 mm; (c) keroplatid pupa from orchid nurseryι scale bar 1.0 mm; (d) female of Lyprauta cambria ι one of the three probable host species for M. woelkei sp. nov. ι scale bar 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400656/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(b)).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3159DA0FFA3CA133D97A0569A41FC20" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA3CA133D97A0569857FCFB" blockId="8.[160,1155,853,948]" box="[160,300,853,879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">
<heading id="D0F87947FFA3CA133D97A0569857FCFB" bold="true" box="[160,300,853,879]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" reason="0">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA3CA133D97A0569857FCFB" bold="true" box="[160,300,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA3CA133D97A07A9A41FC20" blockId="8.[160,1155,853,948]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">The Netherlands, orchid greenhouses. This species presumably originates from the Neotropics as its probable hosts also originate from there.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3159DA0FFA3CA133D97A0E59DFFFBB6" box="[160,1156,998,1058]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA3CA133D97A0E59866FB94" blockId="8.[160,1156,998,1058]" box="[160,285,998,1024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">
<heading id="D0F87947FFA3CA133D97A0E59866FB94" bold="true" box="[160,285,998,1024]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" reason="0">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA3CA133D97A0E59866FB94" bold="true" box="[160,285,998,1024]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA3CA133D97A7099DFFFBB6" blockId="8.[160,1156,998,1058]" box="[160,1156,1034,1058]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">The species is named after its first collector and co-author of this article Jozef B. Woelke.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3159DA0FFA3CA103D97A76A9871F92A" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA3CA133D97A76A9850FB17" blockId="8.[160,299,1129,1155]" box="[160,299,1129,1155]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">
<heading id="D0F87947FFA3CA133D97A76A9850FB17" bold="true" box="[160,299,1129,1155]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" reason="0">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA3CA133D97A76A9850FB17" bold="true" box="[160,299,1129,1155]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Discussion</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA3CA133D97A79C9843F92B" blockId="8.[160,1156,1183,1727]" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">
Orchid growers face problems with root damage, especially damage to the root tips that results in increased branching of the roots just above the affected area. They attribute this damage to the action of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA3CA133CC3A7E69BF9FB69" box="[500,642,1253,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Keroplatidae</taxonomicName>
larvae, based on the frequent presence of a keroplatid larva in the vicinity of damaged roots (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA3CA133FE3A6049D68FA8B" author="Chandler PJ &amp; Pijnakker J." box="[724,1043,1287,1311]" journalOrPublisher="Br J Ent Nat Hist" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" pagination="81 - 93" part="22" refString="Chandler PJ, Pijnakker J. 2009. Tropical fungus gnats established in nurseries in The Netherlands (Diptera: Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae). Br J Ent Nat Hist. 22: 81 - 93." title="Tropical fungus gnats established in nurseries in The Netherlands (Diptera: Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae)" type="journal article" year="2009">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA3CA133FE3A6049AAFFA8B" box="[724,980,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Chandler and Pijnakker</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA3CA133917A6049861FAD6" author="Pijnakker J &amp; Ramakers P." journalOrPublisher="Miami (FL): Wageningen UR Horticulture" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" refString="Pijnakker J, Ramakers P. 2010. Lyprauta spp. (Diptera: Keroplatidae) in orchid greenhouses in The Netherlands. Miami (FL): Wageningen UR Horticulture." title="Lyprauta spp. (Diptera: Keroplatidae) in orchid greenhouses in The Netherlands" type="book" year="2010">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA3CA133917A60499A8FAD6" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Pijnakker et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA3CA133C1DA6299B2CFAD6" author="Pijnakker J &amp; Leman A." box="[298,599,1322,1346]" journalOrPublisher="in Dutch" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 22" part="1236" refString="Pijnakker J, Leman A. 2013. Biological and chemical control of Lyprauta spp. in Phalaenopsis. Report GTB- 1236. Wageningen UR Horticulture, Bleiswijk; p. 1 - 22. (in Dutch)." title="Biological and chemical control of Lyprauta spp. in Phalaenopsis. Report GTB-" type="journal article" year="2013">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA3CA133C1DA6299B6DFAD6" box="[298,534,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Pijnakker and Leman</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). The biology of keroplatid larvae is still largely unknown. All known species can be divided into two groups: larvae that are predaceous, spinning toXic diffuse nets with a low pH in order to catch prey, and larvae that are fungal spore feeders, spinning a sheet-like web to catch spores of polyporous fungi (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA3CA133D90A6B698CBFA59" author="Aiello A &amp; Jolivet P." box="[167,432,1461,1485]" journalOrPublisher="J New York Entomol S" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" pagination="226 - 230" refString="Aiello A, Jolivet P. 1996. Myrmecophily in Keroplatidae (Diptera: Sciaroidea). J New York Entomol S. 104: 226 - 230." title="Myrmecophily in Keroplatidae (Diptera: Sciaroidea)" type="book chapter" year="1996">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA3CA133D90A6B69817FA59" box="[167,364,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Aiello and Jolivet</emphasis>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA3CA133CF4A6B69B31FA59" author="Matile L." box="[451,586,1461,1485]" journalOrPublisher="J New York Entomol S" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" pagination="216 - 220" refString="Matile L. 1996. A new neotropical fungus gnat (Diptera: Sciaroidea: Keroplatidae) with myrmecophagous larvae. J New York Entomol S. 104: 216 - 220." title="A new neotropical fungus gnat (Diptera: Sciaroidea: Keroplatidae) with myrmecophagous larvae" type="book chapter" year="1996">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA3CA133CF4A6B69B7DFA59" box="[451,518,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Matile</emphasis>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA3CA133F6AA6B69BEFFA59" author="Matile L." box="[605,660,1461,1485]" editor="Grandcolas P." journalOrPublisher="Mem Mus Natn Hist Nat" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" pagination="273 - 303" part="173" refString="Matile L. 1997. Phylogeny and evolution of the larval diet in the Sciaroidea (Diptera, Bibionomorpha) since the Mesozoic. In Grandcolas P. editor. The origin of biodiversity in insects: phylogenetic test of evolutionary scenarios. Mem Mus Natn Hist Nat. 173: 273 - 303." title="Phylogeny and evolution of the larval diet in the Sciaroidea (Diptera, Bibionomorpha) since the Mesozoic" type="journal article" volumeTitle="The origin of biodiversity in insects: phylogenetic test of evolutionary scenarios" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
). The keroplatid larvae found during this survey all spun diffuse nets. It was also observed that they were actively hunting in the rearing cups when 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA3CA133C9EA6F99B04F986" box="[425,639,1530,1554]" class="Arachnida" family="Carpoglyphidae" genus="Carpoglyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astigmata" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lactis">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA3CA133C9EA6F99B04F986" box="[425,639,1530,1554]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="90">Carpoglyphus lactis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mites and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA3CA133E37A6F99A1FF986" box="[768,868,1530,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sciaridae</taxonomicName>
larvae were added. Even though the occurrence of orchid root damage seems to be related to the presence of keroplatid larvae, these larvae have not been observed to be actively feeding on the roots. The diet of keroplatid larvae as well as the eXact relationship between the keroplatid larvae found in orchid nurseries and orchid root damage require further investigation.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF709EA3FFA2CA123D97A5259988F927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400656/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" targetBox="[163,1153,142,1524]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA2CA123D97A5259988F927" blockId="9.[160,1156,1574,1715]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA2CA123D97A5259987F9A9" bold="true" box="[160,252,1574,1597]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Figure 3.</emphasis>
(a) Keroplatid larva parasitized by 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA2CA123F68A5259A62F9A9" box="[607,793,1574,1597]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woelkei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA2CA123F68A5259A62F9A9" box="[607,793,1574,1597]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Megastylus woelkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A248AF42FFA2CA123E16A5249A0BF9AA" box="[801,880,1575,1598]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
ι inside the keroplatid larva the larva of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA2CA123C2AA54798FEF9CF" box="[285,389,1604,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woelkei">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA2CA123C2AA54798FEF9CF" box="[285,389,1604,1627]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">M. woelkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is visible; (b) cocoon of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA2CA123FB7A5479B93F9CF" box="[640,744,1604,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woelkei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA2CA123FB7A5479B93F9CF" box="[640,744,1604,1627]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">M. woelkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A248AF42FFA2CA123FC7A5479A3BF9CF" box="[752,832,1604,1627]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from which the adult wasp has already emergedι scale bar 1.0 mm; (c) keroplatid pupa from orchid nurseryι scale bar 1.0 mm; (d) female of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA2CA123C32A57D98D5F901" box="[261,430,1662,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Lyprauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambria">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA2CA123C32A57D98D5F901" box="[261,430,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">Lyprauta cambria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ι one of the three probable host species for 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA2CA123E51A57D9AB7F901" box="[870,972,1662,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woelkei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA2CA123E51A57D9AB7F901" box="[870,972,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="91">M. woelkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A248AF42FFA2CA123EE4A57C9D5BF902" box="[979,1056,1663,1686]" pageId="9" pageNumber="91" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
ι scale bar 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA1CA113DF7A38D988FFDB0" blockId="10.[160,1156,142,1726]" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
The three keroplatid species found in Dutch orchid nurseries: 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113EAAA38D981FFF5D" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113EAAA38D9DFBFF32" box="[925,1152,142,166]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Lyprauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chacoensis">Lyprauta chacoensis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113D97A3B2981FFF5D" box="[160,356,177,201]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Lyprauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambria">Lyprauta cambria</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1334D2AEFFA1CA113C41A3B298ADFF5D" box="[374,470,177,201]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1574,1597]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[163,1153,142,1544]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. (a) Keroplatid larva parasitized by Megastylus woelkei sp. nov. ι inside the keroplatid larva the larva of M. woelkei is visible; (b) cocoon of M. woelkei sp. nov. from which the adult wasp has already emergedι scale bar 1.0 mm; (c) keroplatid pupa from orchid nurseryι scale bar 1.0 mm; (d) female of Lyprauta cambria ι one of the three probable host species for M. woelkei sp. nov. ι scale bar 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400656/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(d)) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113F0CA3B29A18FF5D" box="[571,867,177,201]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Proceroplatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinidadensis">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113F0CA3B29A18FF5D" box="[571,867,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Proceroplatus trinidadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are not of Dutch origin (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA1CA113D90A3D79832FF78" author="Evenhuis NL." box="[167,329,212,236]" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Mus Bull Entomol" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 178" part="13" refString="Evenhuis NL. 2006. Catalog of the Keroplatidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Bishop Mus Bull Entomol. 13: 1 - 178." title="Catalog of the Keroplatidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera)" type="journal article" year="2006">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113D90A3D7987DFF78" box="[167,262,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Evenhuis</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA1CA113C6DA3D79BD9FF78" author="Chandler PJ &amp; Pijnakker J." box="[346,674,212,236]" journalOrPublisher="Br J Ent Nat Hist" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" pagination="81 - 93" part="22" refString="Chandler PJ, Pijnakker J. 2009. Tropical fungus gnats established in nurseries in The Netherlands (Diptera: Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae). Br J Ent Nat Hist. 22: 81 - 93." title="Tropical fungus gnats established in nurseries in The Netherlands (Diptera: Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae)" type="journal article" year="2009">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113C6DA3D79B1BFF78" box="[346,608,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Chandler and Pijnakker</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA1CA113F84A3D79AE6FF78" author="Pijnakker J &amp; Ramakers P." box="[691,925,212,236]" journalOrPublisher="Miami (FL): Wageningen UR Horticulture" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" refString="Pijnakker J, Ramakers P. 2010. Lyprauta spp. (Diptera: Keroplatidae) in orchid greenhouses in The Netherlands. Miami (FL): Wageningen UR Horticulture." title="Lyprauta spp. (Diptera: Keroplatidae) in orchid greenhouses in The Netherlands" type="book" year="2010">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113F84A3D79A2EFF78" box="[691,853,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Pijnakker et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
). From each of the genera 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113DCDA3F598BDFE9A" authority="Edwards" authorityName="Edwards" box="[250,454,246,270]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Lyprauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113DCDA3F59821FE9A" box="[250,346,246,270]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Lyprauta</emphasis>
Edwards
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113CEFA3F59B54FE9A" box="[472,559,246,270]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113F08A3F59BB4FE9A" box="[575,719,246,270]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Keroplatidae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113E20A3F59D6CFE9A" authority="Edwards" authorityName="Edwards" box="[791,1047,246,270]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Proceroplatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113E20A3F59AD0FE9A" box="[791,939,246,270]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Proceroplatus</emphasis>
Edwards
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA11391EA3F59DFBFE9A" box="[1065,1152,246,270]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113D97A21A984BFEA5" box="[160,304,281,305]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Keroplatidae</taxonomicName>
) only a single species occurs in the Palaearctic region (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA1CA113EE4A21A9D0DFEA5" author="Evenhuis NL." box="[979,1142,281,305]" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Mus Bull Entomol" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 178" part="13" refString="Evenhuis NL. 2006. Catalog of the Keroplatidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Bishop Mus Bull Entomol. 13: 1 - 178." title="Catalog of the Keroplatidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera)" type="journal article" year="2006">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113EE4A21A9D49FEA5" box="[979,1074,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Evenhuis</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
). Twenty-siX species of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113F10A23F9BFCFEC0" box="[551,647,316,340]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Lyprauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113F10A23F9BFCFEC0" box="[551,647,316,340]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Lyprauta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been described worldwide, of which nine species are found in the Neotropics including 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113FDEA25D9D54FEE2" authority="Evenhuis 2006" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2006" box="[745,1071,350,374]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Lyprauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chacoensis">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113FDEA25D9B8EFEE2" box="[745,757,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113E35A25D9A0CFEE2" box="[770,887,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">chacoensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA1CA113EB0A25D9D5DFEE2" author="Evenhuis NL." box="[903,1062,350,374]" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Mus Bull Entomol" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 178" part="13" refString="Evenhuis NL. 2006. Catalog of the Keroplatidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Bishop Mus Bull Entomol. 13: 1 - 178." title="Catalog of the Keroplatidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera)" type="journal article" year="2006">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113EB0A25D9A9DFEE2" box="[903,998,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Evenhuis</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113DDAA28298FAFE0D" box="[237,385,385,409]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Proceroplatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113DDAA28298FAFE0D" box="[237,385,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Proceroplatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 37 species are known worldwide, and 24 species are found in the Neotropics including 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113CAFA2A79B87FE28" authority="Evenhuis 2006" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="2006" box="[408,764,420,444]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Proceroplatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinidadensis">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113CAFA2A798DEFE28" box="[408,421,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113C81A2A79B3BFE28" box="[438,576,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">trinidadensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA1CA113F65A2A79B88FE28" author="Evenhuis NL." box="[594,755,420,444]" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Mus Bull Entomol" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 178" part="13" refString="Evenhuis NL. 2006. Catalog of the Keroplatidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Bishop Mus Bull Entomol. 13: 1 - 178." title="Catalog of the Keroplatidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera)" type="journal article" year="2006">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113F65A2A79BCAFE28" box="[594,689,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Evenhuis</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The eXact origin of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113EC5A2A79D1CFE28" box="[1010,1127,420,444]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Lyprauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambria">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113EC5A2A79A85FE28" box="[1010,1022,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113939A2A79D1CFE28" box="[1038,1127,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">cambria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unknown, because this species was first discovered in an orchid nursery in The Netherlands. However, this species is also believed to originate from the Neotropics (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA1CA113D90A10F9893FDB0" author="Chandler PJ &amp; Pijnakker J." box="[167,488,524,548]" journalOrPublisher="Br J Ent Nat Hist" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" pagination="81 - 93" part="22" refString="Chandler PJ, Pijnakker J. 2009. Tropical fungus gnats established in nurseries in The Netherlands (Diptera: Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae). Br J Ent Nat Hist. 22: 81 - 93." title="Tropical fungus gnats established in nurseries in The Netherlands (Diptera: Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae)" type="journal article" year="2009">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113D90A10F98D3FDB0" box="[167,424,524,548]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Chandler and Pijnakker</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA1CA113DF7A12D9AFAFCCF" blockId="10.[160,1156,142,1726]" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
As previously mentioned, three keroplatid species occur in the orchid nursery where 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113D97A1529809FDFD" box="[160,370,593,617]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woelkei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113D97A1529809FDFD" box="[160,370,593,617]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Megastylus woelkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A248AF42FFA1CA113C4CA15298A8FDFD" box="[379,467,593,617]" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was found. Because the larvae of all these species look very similar (
<figureCitation id="1334D2AEFFA1CA113DCEA170982CFD1F" box="[249,343,627,651]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[160,225,1574,1597]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[163,1153,142,1544]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. (a) Keroplatid larva parasitized by Megastylus woelkei sp. nov. ι inside the keroplatid larva the larva of M. woelkei is visible; (b) cocoon of M. woelkei sp. nov. from which the adult wasp has already emergedι scale bar 1.0 mm; (c) keroplatid pupa from orchid nurseryι scale bar 1.0 mm; (d) female of Lyprauta cambria ι one of the three probable host species for M. woelkei sp. nov. ι scale bar 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/400656/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Figure 3</figureCitation>
(a)), they could not be separated and identified to species level, and all of them could be considered as a suitable host. The most abundant keroplatid species recovered from a light trap in the orchid nursery where 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113E12A1BA9AE1FD45" box="[805,922,697,721]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woelkei">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113E12A1BA9AE1FD45" box="[805,922,697,721]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">M. woelkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first discovered was 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113DE4A1D8981AFD67" box="[211,353,731,755]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Lyprauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chacoensis">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113DE4A1D899A4FD67" box="[211,223,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113DDBA1D8981AFD67" box="[236,353,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">chacoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, followed by 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113CCBA1D89B14FD67" box="[508,623,731,755]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Lyprauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambria">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113CCBA1D89B73FD67" box="[508,520,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">L</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113F21A1D89B14FD67" box="[534,623,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">cambria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Also, a single specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113E9CA1D89D2BFD67" box="[939,1104,731,755]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Proceroplatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinidadensis">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113E9CA1D89AC2FD67" box="[939,953,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">P</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113EF1A1D89D2BFD67" box="[966,1104,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">trinidadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recovered. It seems likely that all keroplatid species were parasitized, because at the time wasps were abundant in the greenhouse almost no adult keroplatids were monitored in the traps. As a consequence, the wasp population also declined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA1CA113DF7A06598B2FB6F" blockId="10.[160,1156,142,1726]" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
The cosmopolitan genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113F3EA0659B80FCEA" authority="Schiodte" authorityName="Schiodte" box="[521,763,870,894]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113F3EA0659BF9FCEA" box="[521,642,870,894]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Megastylus</emphasis>
Schiødte
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113E20A0659ACEFCEA" box="[791,949,870,894]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113EF9A0659DFBFCEA" box="[974,1152,870,894]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ichneumonidae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113D97A08A9837FC35" box="[160,332,905,929]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Orthocentrinae">Orthocentrinae</taxonomicName>
) comprises 35 described species and is divided into two subgenera: 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113D97A0A89862FC57" box="[160,281,939,963]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113D97A0A89862FC57" box="[160,281,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Megastylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 27 species and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113F1EA0A89BAFFC57" authority="Forster" authorityName="Forster" box="[553,724,939,963]" class="Liliopsida" family="Tecophilaeaceae" genus="Dicolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113F1EA0A89B03FC57" box="[553,632,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Dicolus</emphasis>
Förster
</taxonomicName>
with eight species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA1CA113EE5A0A89D05FC57" author="Yu DSK &amp; Van Achterberg C &amp; Horstmann K." box="[978,1150,939,963]" journalOrPublisher="Ichneumonoidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" pagination="2015" part="2011" refString="Yu DSK, Van Achterberg C, Horstmann K. 2012. TaXapad 2012, Ichneumonoidea 2011. Database on flash-drive. www. taXapad. com, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada [cited 2015 Dec 8]. Available from: www. taXapad. com" title="TaXapad 2012" type="journal article" year="2012">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113EE5A0A89D48FC57" box="[978,1075,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Yu et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA1CA113D97A0CD984CFC72" author="Humala AE." box="[160,311,974,998]" journalOrPublisher="Proc Russian Entomol Soc" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" pagination="98 - 102" part="85" refString="Humala AE. 2014. MeXican species of the subgenus Dicolus Forster, genus Megastylus Schiodte (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Orthocentrinae), with descriptions of a new species. Proc Russian Entomol Soc. 85: 98 - 102." title="MeXican species of the subgenus Dicolus Forster, genus Megastylus Schiodte (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Orthocentrinae), with descriptions of a new species" type="journal article" year="2014">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113D97A0CD998DFC72" box="[160,246,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Humala</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
). However, only the Holarctic fauna has been studied, and many species of this genus are not described yet. Little is known about the hosts of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113E85A0F29D50FB9D" box="[946,1067,1009,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113E85A0F29D50FB9D" box="[946,1067,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Megastylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species but all known hosts of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113C88A7109B43FBBF" box="[447,568,1043,1067]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113C88A7109B43FBBF" box="[447,568,1043,1067]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Megastylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are restricted to the family 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113EC7A7109DFAFBBF" box="[1008,1153,1043,1067]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Keroplatidae</taxonomicName>
. Published host records are: 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113F34A7359A31FBDA" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" box="[515,842,1078,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caseyi">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113F34A7359BB4FBDA" box="[515,719,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Megastylus caseyi</emphasis>
Ashmead
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113EAEA7359879FBE5" authority="Schiodte" authorityName="Schiodte" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbitator">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113EAEA7359DFFFBDA" box="[921,1156,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Megastylus orbitator</emphasis>
Schiødte
</taxonomicName>
in North Carolina, USA, were reared from 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113E27A75A9D67FBE5" authority="Coquillett" authorityName="Coquillett" box="[784,1052,1113,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Orfelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inops">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113E27A75A9ADBFBE5" box="[784,928,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Orfelia inops</emphasis>
Coquillett
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA1CA113906A75A99ACFB07" author="Townes HK." journalOrPublisher="Mem Am Entomol Soc" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" pagination="478 - 925" part="11" refString="Townes HK. 1945. A catalogue and reclassification of the Nearctic Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). Part II. The subfamilies Mesoleiinae, Plectiscinae, Orthocentrinae, Diplazontinae, Metopiinae, Ophioninae, Mesochorinae. Mem Am Entomol Soc. 11: 478 - 925." title="A catalogue and reclassification of the Nearctic Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). Part II. The subfamilies Mesoleiinae, Plectiscinae, Orthocentrinae, Diplazontinae, Metopiinae, Ophioninae, Mesochorinae" type="journal article" year="1945">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113906A75A9DF8FBE5" box="[1073,1155,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Townes</emphasis>
1945
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA1CA113DDBA778980DFB07" author="Dasch CE." box="[236,374,1147,1171]" journalOrPublisher="Mem Am Entomol Inst" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 470" part="52" refString="Dasch CE. 1992. The Ichneumon-flies of America north of MeXico: part 12. Subfamilies Microleptinae, Helictinae, Cylloceriinae and OXytorinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Mem Am Entomol Inst. 52: 1 - 470." title="The Ichneumon-flies of America north of MeXico: part 12. Subfamilies Microleptinae, Helictinae, Cylloceriinae and OXytorinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)" type="journal article" year="1992">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113DDBA7789854FB07" box="[236,303,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Dasch</emphasis>
1992
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113CA4A7789BAFFB07" authority="Dasch" authorityName="Dasch" box="[403,724,1147,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoenus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113CA4A7789BFBFB07" box="[403,640,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Megastylus amoenus</emphasis>
Dasch
</taxonomicName>
was reared from 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113E8AA7789D54FB07" box="[957,1071,1147,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Macrocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113E8AA7789D54FB07" box="[957,1071,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Macrocera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. in Tennessee, USA (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA1CA113C53A79D989CFB22" author="Dasch CE." box="[356,487,1182,1206]" journalOrPublisher="Mem Am Entomol Inst" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 470" part="52" refString="Dasch CE. 1992. The Ichneumon-flies of America north of MeXico: part 12. Subfamilies Microleptinae, Helictinae, Cylloceriinae and OXytorinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Mem Am Entomol Inst. 52: 1 - 470." title="The Ichneumon-flies of America north of MeXico: part 12. Subfamilies Microleptinae, Helictinae, Cylloceriinae and OXytorinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)" type="journal article" year="1992">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113C53A79D98DCFB22" box="[356,423,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Dasch</emphasis>
1992
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113CCAA79D9A27FB22" authority="Schiodte" authorityName="Schiodte" box="[509,860,1182,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruentator">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113CCAA79D9B8BFB22" box="[509,752,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Megastylus cruentator</emphasis>
Schiødte
</taxonomicName>
was reared from 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA11391EA79D9DF8FB22" box="[1065,1155,1182,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Platyura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA11391EA79D9DF8FB22" box="[1065,1155,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Platyura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA1CA113DE7A7C298EBFB4D" author="Mansbridge GH." box="[208,400,1217,1241]" journalOrPublisher="T Roy Ent Soc London" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" pagination="75 - 92" part="81" refString="Mansbridge GH. 1933. On the biology of some Ceroplatinae and Macrocerinae (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). T Roy Ent Soc London. 81: 75 - 92." title="On the biology of some Ceroplatinae and Macrocerinae (Diptera, Mycetophilidae)" type="journal article" year="1933">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113DE7A7C2982BFB4D" box="[208,336,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Mansbridge</emphasis>
1933
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113C91A7C29B96FB4D" authority="Wahl" authorityName="Wahl" box="[422,749,1217,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113C91A7C29BD1FB4D" box="[422,682,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Megastylus panamensis</emphasis>
Wahl
</taxonomicName>
was reared in Panama from 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA11390CA7C298BEFB6F" authority="Matile (Wahl 1996)" authorityName="Matile (Wahl" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" genus="Orfelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="billuus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA11390CA7C2999DFB6F" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Orfelia billuus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA1CA113DD8A7E098BEFB6F" author="Matile L." box="[239,453,1251,1275]" journalOrPublisher="J New York Entomol S" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" pagination="216 - 220" refString="Matile L. 1996. A new neotropical fungus gnat (Diptera: Sciaroidea: Keroplatidae) with myrmecophagous larvae. J New York Entomol S. 104: 216 - 220." title="A new neotropical fungus gnat (Diptera: Sciaroidea: Keroplatidae) with myrmecophagous larvae" type="book chapter" year="1996">
Matile (
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113C73A7E09807FB6F" box="[324,380,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Wahl</emphasis>
1996)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA1CA113DF7A6059B47FA5F" blockId="10.[160,1156,142,1726]" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
The distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113CADA6059B0CFA8A" authority="in Dutch" authorityName="in Dutch" box="[410,631,1286,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woelkei">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113CADA6059B75FA8A" box="[410,526,1286,1310]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">M. woelkei</emphasis>
in Dutch
</taxonomicName>
greenhouses is not yet fully known. From the 10 orchid nurseries that were included in the survey, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113E34A62A9A0CFAD5" box="[771,887,1321,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woelkei">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113E34A62A9A0CFAD5" box="[771,887,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">M. woelkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was only detected in a single nursery. However, approXimately 8 months after the first discovery of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113939A6489DF8FAF7" box="[1038,1155,1355,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woelkei">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113939A6489DF8FAF7" box="[1038,1155,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">M. woelkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
this parasitoid was also detected in another Dutch orchid nursery that had not participated in the survey. Interestingly, this second nursery has not recently eXchanged any plant material with the first nursery.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA1CA103DF7A6D59B3EFDD2" blockId="10.[160,1156,142,1726]" lastBlockId="11.[160,1156,142,1726]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">
Moreover, the origin of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113CE6A6D59B3EFA7A" box="[465,581,1494,1518]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woelkei">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113CE6A6D59B3EFA7A" box="[465,581,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">M. woelkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unknown and difficult to verify. The most likely option is that it has the same origin as the 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113F82A6FA9A3BF985" box="[693,832,1529,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Keroplatidae</taxonomicName>
host species, which are all believed to originate from the Neotropics (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA1CA113FBCA5189A53F9A7" author="Evenhuis NL." box="[651,808,1563,1587]" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Mus Bull Entomol" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 178" part="13" refString="Evenhuis NL. 2006. Catalog of the Keroplatidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Bishop Mus Bull Entomol. 13: 1 - 178." title="Catalog of the Keroplatidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera)" type="journal article" year="2006">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113FBCA5189B93F9A7" box="[651,744,1563,1587]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Evenhuis</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA1CA113E0FA5189D0CF9A7" author="Chandler PJ &amp; Pijnakker J." box="[824,1143,1563,1587]" journalOrPublisher="Br J Ent Nat Hist" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" pagination="81 - 93" part="22" refString="Chandler PJ, Pijnakker J. 2009. Tropical fungus gnats established in nurseries in The Netherlands (Diptera: Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae). Br J Ent Nat Hist. 22: 81 - 93." title="Tropical fungus gnats established in nurseries in The Netherlands (Diptera: Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae)" type="journal article" year="2009">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113E0FA5189D4CF9A7" box="[824,1079,1563,1587]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Chandler and Pijnakker</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
). How eXactly these keroplatid species arrived in The Netherlands is unclear. They may have arrived with orchid plant material imported from the Neotropics. However, they could have been introduced with other ornamental species as well, as apart from Dutch orchid greenhouses keroplatids have also been found to occur on 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA113E77A5A59D5EF92A" box="[832,1061,1702,1726]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Anthurium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113E77A5A59AC9F92A" box="[832,946,1702,1726]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Anthurium</emphasis>
(Araceae)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA1CA103918A5A5985DFF32" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gerbera" kingdom="Plantae" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="93" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA1CA113918A5A59DF8F92A" box="[1071,1155,1702,1726]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="92">Gerbera</emphasis>
(Asteraceae)
</taxonomicName>
and other potted plants in Dutch greenhouses (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA0CA103E7DA38D9D5CFF32" author="Pijnakker J &amp; Ramakers P." box="[842,1063,142,166]" journalOrPublisher="Miami (FL): Wageningen UR Horticulture" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" refString="Pijnakker J, Ramakers P. 2010. Lyprauta spp. (Diptera: Keroplatidae) in orchid greenhouses in The Netherlands. Miami (FL): Wageningen UR Horticulture." title="Lyprauta spp. (Diptera: Keroplatidae) in orchid greenhouses in The Netherlands" type="book" year="2010">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103E7DA38D9A9FFF32" box="[842,996,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Pijnakker et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
). It may therefore well be that plant material imported to The Netherlands from the Neotropics also contained keroplatid larvae that were parasitized by 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103E20A3D79AFCFF78" box="[791,903,212,236]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woelkei">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103E20A3D79A57FF78" box="[791,812,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">M</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103E0FA3D79AFCFF78" box="[824,903,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">woelkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Moreover, the chance of discovering a new 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103CA1A3F59B76FE9A" box="[406,525,246,270]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103CA1A3F59B76FE9A" box="[406,525,246,270]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Megastylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species that originates from the Neotropics is relatively high. The West Palaearctic 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103CE0A21A9B35FEA5" box="[471,590,281,305]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103CE0A21A9B35FEA5" box="[471,590,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Megastylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are rather well known (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA0CA103EF5A21A9D30FEA5" author="Forster A." box="[962,1099,281,305]" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" pagination="71 - 123" part="28" refString="Forster A. 1871. Ubersicht der Gattungen und Arten der Familie der Plectiscoiden. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens. 28: 71 - 123. (In German)." title="Ubersicht der Gattungen und Arten der Familie der Plectiscoiden" type="journal article" year="1871">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103EF5A21A9D71FEA5" box="[962,1034,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Förster</emphasis>
1871
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA10396CA21A998BFEC0" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">
van 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA0CA103D97A23F998BFEC0" author="van Rossem G." box="[160,240,316,340]" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschr Entomol" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" pagination="273 - 285" part="117" refString="van Rossem G. 1974. The Gravenhorst, Schiodte and Foerster types belonging to the genus Megastylus Schiodte, 1838, with keys to the species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Microleptinae). Tijdschr Entomol. 117: 273 - 285." title="The Gravenhorst, Schiodte and Foerster types belonging to the genus Megastylus Schiodte, 1838, with keys to the species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Microleptinae)" type="journal article" year="1974">Rossem</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
1974, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA0CA103C75A23F9803FEC0" author="van Rossem G." box="[322,376,316,340]" journalOrPublisher="Entomofauna" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" pagination="121 - 132" part="4" refString="van Rossem G. 1983. A revision of Western Palaearctic OXytorine genera. Part 4. Genus Megastylus (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Entomofauna. 4: 121 - 132." title="A revision of Western Palaearctic OXytorine genera. Part 4. Genus Megastylus (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)" type="journal article" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
), but the Neotropical fauna of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103E51A23F9AA7FEC0" box="[870,988,316,340]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103E51A23F9AA7FEC0" box="[870,988,316,340]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Megastylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as all orthocentrines, are still mostly unstudied (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA0CA103FB5A25D9A03FEE2" author="Veijalainen A &amp; Wahlberg N &amp; Broad GR &amp; Erwin TL &amp; Longino JT &amp; Saaksjarvi IE." box="[642,888,350,374]" journalOrPublisher="P Roy Soc B" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" pagination="4694 - 4698" part="279" refString="Veijalainen A, Wahlberg N, Broad GR, Erwin TL, Longino JT, Saaksjarvi IE. 2012. Unprecedented ichneumonid parasitoid wasp diversity in tropical forests. P Roy Soc B. 279: 4694 - 4698." title="Unprecedented ichneumonid parasitoid wasp diversity in tropical forests" type="journal article" year="2012">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103FB5A25D9A49FEE2" box="[642,818,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Veijalainen et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA0CA103EBFA25D9AC5FEE2" author="Veijalainen A &amp; Saaksjarvi IE &amp; Erwin TL &amp; Gomez IC &amp; Longino JT." box="[904,958,350,374]" journalOrPublisher="Insect Conserv Diver" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" pagination="28 - 37" part="6" refString="Veijalainen A, Saaksjarvi IE, Erwin TL, Gomez IC, Longino JT. 2013. Subfamily composition of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from western Amazonia: insights into diversity of tropical parasitoid wasps. Insect Conserv Diver. 6: 28 - 37." title="Subfamily composition of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from western Amazonia: insights into diversity of tropical parasitoid wasps" type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
). Until now, only two Neotropical species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103CE5A2829B32FE0D" box="[466,585,385,409]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103CE5A2829B32FE0D" box="[466,585,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Megastylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been described: 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103E7FA2829D3CFE0D" box="[840,1095,385,409]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103E7FA2829D3CFE0D" box="[840,1095,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Megastylus panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Panama (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA0CA103C3FA2A79805FE28" author="Wahl DB." box="[264,382,420,444]" journalOrPublisher="J New York Entomol S" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" pagination="221 - 225" refString="Wahl DB. 1996. Two new species of Megastylus from the new world (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae; Orthocentrinae). J New York Entomol S. 104: 221 - 225." title="Two new species of Megastylus from the new world (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae; Orthocentrinae)" type="book chapter" year="1996">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103C3FA2A7983BFE28" box="[264,320,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Wahl</emphasis>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103C88A2A79A74FE28" authority="Humala" authorityName="Humala" box="[447,783,420,444]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kasparyani">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103C88A2A79BC9FE28" box="[447,690,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Megastylus kasparyani</emphasis>
Humala
</taxonomicName>
from MeXico (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA0CA103E85A2A79D3FFE28" author="Humala AE." box="[946,1092,420,444]" journalOrPublisher="Proc Russian Entomol Soc" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" pagination="98 - 102" part="85" refString="Humala AE. 2014. MeXican species of the subgenus Dicolus Forster, genus Megastylus Schiodte (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Orthocentrinae), with descriptions of a new species. Proc Russian Entomol Soc. 85: 98 - 102." title="MeXican species of the subgenus Dicolus Forster, genus Megastylus Schiodte (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Orthocentrinae), with descriptions of a new species" type="journal article" year="2014">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103E85A2A79D7CFE28" box="[946,1031,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Humala</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
), and the number of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103C7CA2C598B9FE4A" box="[331,450,454,478]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103C7CA2C598B9FE4A" box="[331,450,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Megastylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphospecies registered in the Neotropics is higher than the number of described species in the world (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA0CA103F40A2EA9A18FD95" author="Veijalainen A &amp; Wahlberg N &amp; Broad GR &amp; Erwin TL &amp; Longino JT &amp; Saaksjarvi IE." box="[631,867,489,513]" journalOrPublisher="P Roy Soc B" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" pagination="4694 - 4698" part="279" refString="Veijalainen A, Wahlberg N, Broad GR, Erwin TL, Longino JT, Saaksjarvi IE. 2012. Unprecedented ichneumonid parasitoid wasp diversity in tropical forests. P Roy Soc B. 279: 4694 - 4698." title="Unprecedented ichneumonid parasitoid wasp diversity in tropical forests" type="journal article" year="2012">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103F40A2EA9A5BFD95" box="[631,800,489,513]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Veijalainen et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
). Hopefully, future studies of the Neotropical fauna will allow the newly described species to be found in its natural habitat and its origin can be clarified.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA0CA103DF7A1529D76FBBF" blockId="11.[160,1156,142,1726]" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">
Other possible sources of origin of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103F55A1529BA2FDFD" box="[610,729,593,617]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woelkei">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103F55A1529BA2FDFD" box="[610,729,593,617]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">M. woelkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seem less plausible, for the reasons outlined hereafter. One possibility would be that parasitized keroplatid larvae were brought to the greenhouse together with substrate imported for use in orchid pots. The three most frequently used substrates (in miXtures) are bark, coco chips and sphagnum. Bark used in Dutch orchid nurseries predominantly originates from Portugal and Spain, and bark from these two countries is commonly treated against insects by steaming. Therefore, the chance that 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103CE8A0229B2FFCAD" box="[479,596,801,825]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woelkei">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103CE8A022988FFCAD" box="[479,500,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">M</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103F32A0229B2FFCAD" box="[517,596,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">woelkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has arrived with Portuguese or Spanish bark is relatively low. A small proportion of the bark is from Sweden. Although Swedish bark is untreated and therefore could contain parasitized keroplatid larvae, the chance of discovering a new 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103C6DA08A98AAFC35" box="[346,465,905,929]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103C6DA08A98AAFC35" box="[346,465,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Megastylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from Sweden is rather low because of the relatively well-studied Swedish 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103CA4A0A89B71FC57" box="[403,522,939,963]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103CA4A0A89B71FC57" box="[403,522,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Megastylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fauna (
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103F68A0A89BA4FC57" box="[607,735,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">
van 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA0CA103FB8A0A89BA4FC57" author="van Rossem G." box="[655,735,939,963]" journalOrPublisher="Entomofauna" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" pagination="121 - 132" part="4" refString="van Rossem G. 1983. A revision of Western Palaearctic OXytorine genera. Part 4. Genus Megastylus (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Entomofauna. 4: 121 - 132." title="A revision of Western Palaearctic OXytorine genera. Part 4. Genus Megastylus (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)" type="journal article" year="1983">Rossem</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
1983). Coco chips are imported from Sri Lanka and are dried and pressed into blocks before transport, making survival of insects in this substrate unlikely. Sphagnum, which is imported from Chile, is also dried and pressed before transport, and is irradiated upon arrival to kill plant seeds.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA0CA103DF7A7359D5AFB4D" blockId="11.[160,1156,142,1726]" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">
Another theoretical possibility would be that 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103FC0A7359A08FBDA" box="[759,883,1078,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woelkei">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103FC0A7359A08FBDA" box="[759,883,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">M. woelkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs locally in The Netherlands, entered the orchid nurseries through windows that are opened on warm days, and effectively located keroplatid larvae to parasitize. However, this scenario seems rather unlikely. Moreover, the Dutch 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103F74A79D9BC7FB22" box="[579,700,1182,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103F74A79D9BC7FB22" box="[579,700,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Megastylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fauna is well studied (
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103E8AA79D9D45FB22" box="[957,1086,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">
van 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA0CA103EDAA79D9D45FB22" author="van Rossem G." box="[1005,1086,1182,1206]" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschr Entomol" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" pagination="273 - 285" part="117" refString="van Rossem G. 1974. The Gravenhorst, Schiodte and Foerster types belonging to the genus Megastylus Schiodte, 1838, with keys to the species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Microleptinae). Tijdschr Entomol. 117: 273 - 285." title="The Gravenhorst, Schiodte and Foerster types belonging to the genus Megastylus Schiodte, 1838, with keys to the species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Microleptinae)" type="journal article" year="1974">Rossem</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
1974, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA0CA103D97A7C299ACFB4D" author="van Rossem G." box="[160,215,1217,1241]" journalOrPublisher="Entomofauna" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" pagination="121 - 132" part="4" refString="van Rossem G. 1983. A revision of Western Palaearctic OXytorine genera. Part 4. Genus Megastylus (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Entomofauna. 4: 121 - 132." title="A revision of Western Palaearctic OXytorine genera. Part 4. Genus Megastylus (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)" type="journal article" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
), so the chance of discovering an unknown species here is relatively low.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB0CE2BFFA0CA103DF7A7E09871F92A" blockId="11.[160,1156,142,1726]" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">
So far, no effective biological control agent against keroplatid larvae has been identified. Adults of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103C67A60598E5FA8A" box="[336,414,1286,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Dalotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103C67A60598E5FA8A" box="[336,414,1286,1310]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Dalotia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(formerly 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103F2EA6059B24FA8A" box="[537,607,1286,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Atheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103F2EA6059B24FA8A" box="[537,607,1286,1310]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Atheta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103F44A6059BBFFA8A" box="[627,708,1286,1310]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">coriaria</emphasis>
Kraatz (
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103E12A6059AD9FA8A" box="[805,930,1286,1310]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103E86A6059D30FA8A" box="[945,1099,1286,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Staphylinidae</taxonomicName>
), the predatory mites 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103C55A62A9BC7FAD5" authority="Berlese" authorityName="Berlese" box="[354,700,1321,1345]" class="Arachnida" family="Macrochelidae" genus="Macrocheles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustulus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103C55A62A9B1AFAD5" box="[354,609,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Macrocheles robustulus</emphasis>
Berlese
</taxonomicName>
(Acari: 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103E2DA62A9AC4FAD5" box="[794,959,1321,1345]" class="Arachnida" family="Macrochelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Macrochelidae</taxonomicName>
), 
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103EE4A62A9DF8FAD5" box="[979,1155,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103EE4A62A9D44FAD5" box="[979,1087,1321,1345]" class="Arachnida" family="Laelapidae" genus="Hypoaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoaspis</taxonomicName>
miles
</emphasis>
Berlese and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103C1CA6489B09FAF7" authority="Canestrini" authorityName="Canestrini" box="[299,626,1355,1379]" class="Arachnida" family="Laelapidae" genus="Hypoaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aculeifer">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103C1CA6489881FAF7" box="[299,506,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Hypoaspis aculeifer</emphasis>
Canestrini
</taxonomicName>
(Acari: 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103FF0A6489A44FAF7" box="[711,831,1355,1379]" class="Arachnida" family="Laelapidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Laelapidae</taxonomicName>
) and the entomopathogenic nematodes 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103C13A66D9B32FA12" authority="Filipjev" authorityName="Filipjev" box="[292,585,1390,1414]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" genus="Steinernema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="feltiae">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103C13A66D9888FA12" box="[292,499,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Steinernema feltiae</emphasis>
Filipjev
</taxonomicName>
(Nematoda: 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103FECA66D9AE4FA12" box="[731,927,1390,1414]" class="Secernentea" family="Steinernematidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Steinernematidae</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103ED7A66D98F8FA3D" authority="Poinar" authorityName="Poinar" class="Secernentea" family="Heterorhabditidae" genus="Heterorhabditis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="bacteriophora">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103ED7A66D984EFA3D" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</emphasis>
Poinar
</taxonomicName>
(Nematoda: 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103F25A6929BA6FA3D" box="[530,733,1425,1449]" class="Secernentea" family="Heterorhabditidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Heterorhabditidae</taxonomicName>
) are not sufficiently effective. They do not persist in bark substrate and/or do not attack the larger keroplatid larvae, which may be due to the oXalic acid secreted by these larvae (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA0CA103FE0A6D59D6DFA7A" author="Pijnakker J &amp; Ramakers P." box="[727,1046,1494,1518]" journalOrPublisher="Miami (FL): Wageningen UR Horticulture" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" refString="Pijnakker J, Ramakers P. 2010. Lyprauta spp. (Diptera: Keroplatidae) in orchid greenhouses in The Netherlands. Miami (FL): Wageningen UR Horticulture." title="Lyprauta spp. (Diptera: Keroplatidae) in orchid greenhouses in The Netherlands" type="book" year="2010">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103FE0A6D59AA3FA7A" box="[727,984,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Pijnakker and Ramakers</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF9EB3DAFFA0CA103914A6D59820F985" author="Pijnakker J &amp; Leman A." journalOrPublisher="in Dutch" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 22" part="1236" refString="Pijnakker J, Leman A. 2013. Biological and chemical control of Lyprauta spp. in Phalaenopsis. Report GTB- 1236. Wageningen UR Horticulture, Bleiswijk; p. 1 - 22. (in Dutch)." title="Biological and chemical control of Lyprauta spp. in Phalaenopsis. Report GTB-" type="journal article" year="2013">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103914A6D59860F985" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Pijnakker and Leman</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103C46A6FA9B3AF985" box="[369,577,1529,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woelkei">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103C46A6FA9B3AF985" box="[369,577,1529,1553]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Megastylus woelkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be used as a biological control agent against keroplatids in orchid nurseries as their presence was preceded by a strong decline in keroplatid adults in the greenhouse where 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103FB4A53D9B8EF9C2" box="[643,757,1598,1622]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woelkei">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103FB4A53D9B8EF9C2" box="[643,757,1598,1622]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">M. woelkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first discovered. More research is needed on the biology of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103CE2A5629B19F9ED" box="[469,610,1633,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Keroplatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Keroplatidae</taxonomicName>
, on rearing methods of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103E5EA5629A9BF9ED" box="[873,992,1633,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103E5EA5629A9BF9ED" box="[873,992,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">Megastylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
wasps, and on the effectiveness of 
<taxonomicName id="4C0FB5A8FFA0CA103CB5A580988EF90F" box="[386,501,1667,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Megastylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woelkei">
<emphasis id="B97B1239FFA0CA103CB5A580988EF90F" box="[386,501,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="93">M. woelkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a biological control agent against keroplatids in orchid nurseries.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>