treatments-xml/data/03/A1/87/03A18784532C6257FF6BFF4CFD02FB95.xml

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<mods:title>Checklist of the Helminth Parasites of South American Bats</mods:title>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="479" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,548,152,178]" box="[151,548,152,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,548,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,548,152,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
Family 
<taxonomicName authority="Luhe" authorityName="Luhe" box="[246,548,152,178]" class="Trematoda" family="Lecithodendriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Lecithodendriidae Lühe</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,222,355]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
The lecithodendriids are closely related to the phaneropsolids, from which they are often difficult to distinguish based on morphology.Together they form the 
<taxonomicName box="[664,729,258,283]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="Major">major</taxonomicName>
group of bat parasites. The synonymies indicated are based on 
<bibRefCitation author="Lotz" box="[151,387,295,319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refString="Lotz, J. M. &amp; Font, W. F. (2008 a) Family Lecithodendriidae Luhe, 1901. In: Bray, R. A., Gibson, D. I. &amp; Jones, A. Keys to the Trematoda. Vol. 3. CABI, Wallingford, pp. 527 - 536." type="book chapter" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Lotz &amp; Font (
<number box="[305,366,295,319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,222,355]" box="[199,1174,330,355]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Bats become infected by ingesting insects harbouring the encysted metacercarial stage.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,402,1071]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
<number box="[151,164,402,423]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="1.0">1</number>
. Pseudocirrus-sac surrounding seminal vesicle absent........................................... 
<taxonomicName authority="Travassos" authorityName="Travassos" box="[1251,1436,402,423]" class="Trematoda" family="Lecithodendriidae" genus="Castroia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1251,1334,402,423]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Castroia</emphasis>
Travassos
</taxonomicName>
Species: 
<taxonomicName authority="Travassos, 1928" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1928" box="[311,602,431,452]" class="Trematoda" family="Lecithodendriidae" genus="Castroia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="Amplicava">
<emphasis box="[311,439,431,452]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">C. amplicava</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Travassos" box="[444,602,431,452]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refString="Travassos, L. (1928) Sobre uma especie do genero Rictularia Froelich (Nematoda). Boletim Biologico, S. Paulo, 14, 129 - 143." type="journal article" year="1928">
Travassos, 
<number box="[551,602,431,452]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="1928.0">1928</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Travassos, 1928" authorityName="Travassos" authorityYear="1928" box="[612,853,431,452]" class="Trematoda" family="Lecithodendriidae" genus="Castroia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="Silvai">
<emphasis box="[612,692,431,452]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">C. silvai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Travassos" box="[698,853,431,452]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refString="Travassos, L. (1928) Sobre uma especie do genero Rictularia Froelich (Nematoda). Boletim Biologico, S. Paulo, 14, 129 - 143." type="journal article" year="1928">
Travassos, 
<number box="[805,853,431,452]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="1928.0">1928</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,402,1071]" box="[151,1436,461,482]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
- Thin-walled pseudocirrus-sac surrounds seminal vesicle....................................................... 
<number box="[1421,1436,461,482]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="2.0">2</number>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,402,1071]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
<number box="[151,166,490,511]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="2.0">2</number>
. Genital atrium in forebody armed with spines................................................ 
<taxonomicName authority="Faust" authorityName="Faust" box="[1245,1436,490,511]" class="Trematoda" family="Lecithodendriidae" genus="Acanthatrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1245,1377,490,511]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Acanthatrium</emphasis>
Faust
</taxonomicName>
Species: 
<taxonomicName authority="Marshall &amp; Miller, 1979" authorityName="Marshall &amp; Miller" authorityYear="1979" box="[311,642,519,540]" class="Trematoda" family="Lecithodendriidae" genus="Acanthatrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="Fugleri">
<emphasis box="[311,401,519,540]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">A. fugleri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Marshall" box="[407,642,519,540]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refString="Marshall, M. E. &amp; Miller, G. C. (1979) Some digenetic trematodes from Ecuadorian bats including five new species and one new genus. Journal of Parasitology, 65, 909 - 917. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3280248" type="journal article" year="1979">
<collectingCountry box="[407,492,519,540]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Marshall</collectingCountry>
&amp; Miller, 
<number box="[594,642,519,540]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="1979.0">1979</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,402,1071]" box="[151,1435,549,570]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
- Genital atrium unarmed................................................................................. 
<number box="[1423,1435,549,570]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="3.0">3</number>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,402,1071]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
<number box="[151,163,578,599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="3.0">3</number>
Deep acetabulo-genital sac enclosing separate genital pores and ventral sucker.......................................................................................... 
<emphasis box="[854,1035,607,628]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Gymnoacetabulum</emphasis>
Lunaschi &amp; Drago (= 
<taxonomicName authority="Lunaschi" authorityName="Lunaschi" box="[1254,1430,607,628]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Suttonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1254,1334,607,628]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Suttonia</emphasis>
Lunaschi
</taxonomicName>
) Species: 
<taxonomicName authority="Lunaschi, 2002" authorityName="Lunaschi" authorityYear="2002" box="[311,629,637,658]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" rank="species" species="Talaveraense">
<emphasis box="[311,459,637,658]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">G. talaveraense</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Lunaschi" box="[472,622,637,658]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refString="Lunaschi, L. (2002) Trematodos Lecithodendriidae y Anenterotrematidae de Argentina, Mexico y Brazil. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 73, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2002">
Lunaschi, 
<number box="[573,622,637,658]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="2002.0">2002</number>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,402,1071]" box="[151,1436,666,687]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
- Acetabulo-genital sac absent; genital pore usually but not always common......................................... 
<number box="[1421,1436,666,687]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="4.0">4</number>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,402,1071]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
<number box="[151,165,695,716]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="4.0">4</number>
. Pseudogonotyl (thick area of tegument surrounded by gland-cells) lateral to ventral sucker...... 
<taxonomicName authority="Caballero" authorityName="Caballero" box="[1165,1435,695,716]" class="Trematoda" family="Lecithodendriidae" genus="Ochoterenatrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1165,1337,695,716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Ochoterenatrema</emphasis>
Caballero
</taxonomicName>
Species: 
<taxonomicName authority="Freitas, 1957" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="1957" box="[312,573,727,748]" class="Trematoda" family="Lecithodendriidae" genus="Ochoterenatrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="Caballeroi">
<emphasis box="[312,440,727,748]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">O. caballeroi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Freitas" box="[447,573,727,748]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refString="Freitas, J. F. T. (1957) Ochoterenatrema caballeroi sp. n. (Trematoda: Lecithodendriidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 17, 285 - 289." type="journal article" year="1957">
Freitas, 
<number box="[525,573,727,748]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="1957.0">1957</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<number box="[573,580,724,736]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="3.0">3</number>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Chandler, 1938" authorityName="Chandler" authorityYear="1938" box="[593,899,727,748]" class="Trematoda" family="Lecithodendriidae" genus="Ochoterenatrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="Diminutum">
<emphasis box="[593,726,727,748]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">O. diminutum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Chandler" box="[739,892,727,748]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refString="Chandler, A. C. (1938) A report on the parasites of a bat, Nycticeius humeralis, with descriptions of four new helminths. Livro Jubilar do Professor Lauro Travassos, Rio de Janeiro, 3, 107 - 114." type="journal article" year="1938">
Chandler, 
<number box="[841,892,727,748]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="1938.0">1938</number>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Freitas &amp; Ibanez, 1963" authorityName="Freitas &amp; Ibanez" authorityYear="1963" box="[910,1269,727,748]" class="Trematoda" family="Lecithodendriidae" genus="Ochoterenatrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="Fraternum">
<emphasis box="[910,1036,727,748]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">O. fraternum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Freitas" box="[1044,1269,727,748]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refString="Freitas, J. F. T. &amp; Ibanez, H. N. (1963) Fauna helmintologica do Peru - Ochoterenatrema fraternum sp. n. (Trematoda, Lecithodendriidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 23, 255 - 258." type="journal article" year="1963">
Freitas &amp; Ibañez, 
<number box="[1218,1269,727,748]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="1963.0">1963</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Caballero, 1943" authorityName="Caballero" authorityYear="1943" class="Trematoda" family="Lecithodendriidae" genus="Ochoterenatrema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="Labda">
<emphasis box="[1280,1365,727,748]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">O. labda</emphasis>
Caballero, 
<number box="[274,322,756,777]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="1943.0">1943</number>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,402,1071]" box="[151,1435,786,807]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
- Pseudogonotyl absent.................................................................................. 
<number box="[1421,1435,786,807]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="5.0">5</number>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,402,1071]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
<number box="[151,165,815,836]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="5.0">5</number>
. Caeca extend into posterior region of body...................................... 
<emphasis box="[1098,1258,815,836]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Chiropterotrema</emphasis>
Vélez &amp; Thatcher Species: 
<taxonomicName authority="Velez &amp; Thatcher, 1992" authorityName="Velez &amp; Thatcher" authorityYear="1992" box="[311,700,844,865]" class="Trematoda" family="Lecithodendriidae" genus="Castroia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="Antioquiense">
<emphasis box="[311,462,844,865]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">C. antioquiense</emphasis>
Vélez &amp; Thatcher, 
<number box="[650,700,844,865]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="1992.0">1992</number>
</taxonomicName>
(a)
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,402,1071]" box="[151,1435,874,895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
- Caeca end in forebody.................................................................................. 
<number box="[1423,1435,874,895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="6.0">6</number>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,402,1071]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
<number box="[151,166,903,924]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="6.0">6</number>
. Testes lateral to ventral sucker; body lacks large ventral cleft..... 
<taxonomicName authority="Odhner" authorityName="Odhner" box="[867,1149,903,924]" class="Trematoda" family="Lecithodendriidae" genus="Paralecithodendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[867,1072,903,924]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Paralecithodendrium</emphasis>
Odhner
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName authority="Dollfus" authorityName="Dollfus" box="[1183,1430,903,924]" class="Trematoda" family="Lecithodendriidae" genus="Prosthodendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1183,1349,903,924]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Prosthodendrium</emphasis>
Dollfus
</taxonomicName>
) Species: 
<taxonomicName authority="Lent, Freitas &amp; Proenca, 1945" authorityName="Lent, Freitas &amp; Proenca" authorityYear="1945" box="[310,704,932,953]" class="Trematoda" family="Lecithodendriidae" genus="Prosthodendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="Aranhai">
<emphasis box="[310,410,932,953]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">P. aranhai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Lent" box="[416,704,932,953]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refString="Lent, H., Freitas, J. F. T. &amp; Proenca, M. C. (1945) Trematodeos de morcegos colecionados no Paraguay. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 5, 499 - 507." type="journal article" year="1945">
Lent, Freitas &amp; Proença, 
<number box="[656,704,932,953]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="1945.0">1945</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Freitas &amp; Dobbin Jr., 1960" authorityName="Freitas &amp; Dobbin Jr." authorityYear="1960" box="[717,1125,932,953]" class="Trematoda" family="Lecithodendriidae" genus="Prosthodendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="Brachycolon">
<emphasis box="[717,861,932,953]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">P. brachycolon</emphasis>
Freitas &amp; Dobbin Jr., 
<number box="[1073,1125,932,953]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="1960.0">1960</number>
</taxonomicName>
(b); 
<taxonomicName authority="Lent, Freitas &amp; Proenca, 1946" authorityName="Lent, Freitas &amp; Proenca" authorityYear="1946" class="Trematoda" family="Lecithodendriidae" genus="Prosthodendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="Buongerminni">
<emphasis box="[1162,1319,932,953]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">P. buongerminni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Lent" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refString="Lent, H., Freitas, J. F. T. &amp; Proenca, M. C. (1946) Algunos nematodos de murcielagos coleccionados en el Paraguay. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 6, 485 - 497." type="journal article" year="1946">
Lent, Freitas &amp; Proença, 
<number box="[371,422,962,983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="1946.0">1946</number>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Freitas, 1960" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="1960" box="[440,736,962,983]" class="Trematoda" family="Lecithodendriidae" genus="Prosthodendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="Conturbatum">
<emphasis box="[440,586,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">P. conturbatum</emphasis>
(Freitas, 
<number box="[677,729,962,983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="1960.0">1960</number>
)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Braun, 1900" authorityName="Braun" authorityYear="1900" box="[746,1019,962,983]" class="Trematoda" family="Lecithodendriidae" genus="Prosthodendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="Cordiforme">
<emphasis box="[746,876,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">P. cordiforme</emphasis>
(Braun, 
<number box="[960,1012,962,983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="1900.0">1900</number>
)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Marshall &amp; Miller, 1979" authorityName="Marshall &amp; Miller" authorityYear="1979" box="[1029,1432,962,983]" class="Trematoda" family="Lecithodendriidae" genus="Prosthodendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="Megovarium">
<emphasis box="[1029,1172,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">P. megovarium</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Marshall" box="[1185,1424,962,983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refString="Marshall, M. E. &amp; Miller, G. C. (1979) Some digenetic trematodes from Ecuadorian bats including five new species and one new genus. Journal of Parasitology, 65, 909 - 917. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3280248" type="journal article" year="1979">
<collectingCountry box="[1185,1272,962,983]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Marshall</collectingCountry>
&amp; Miller, 
<number box="[1373,1424,962,983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="1979.0">1979</number>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName box="[225,430,991,1012]" class="Trematoda" family="Lecithodendriidae" genus="Paralecithodendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[225,430,991,1012]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Paralecithodendrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1436,402,1071]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
- Testes in anterior region of body; body with large ventral cleft....................... 
<emphasis box="[1106,1258,1020,1041]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Topsiturvitrema</emphasis>
Vélez &amp; Thatcher Species: 
<taxonomicName authority="Velez &amp; Thatcher, 1992" authorityName="Velez &amp; Thatcher" authorityYear="1992" box="[311,663,1050,1071]" class="Chromadorea" family="Molineidae" genus="Tricholeiperia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="Verticalia">
<emphasis box="[311,426,1050,1071]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">T. verticalia</emphasis>
Vélez &amp; Thatcher, 
<number box="[615,663,1050,1071]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="1992.0">1992</number>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>