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<document id="1424FF59A29E44BBFBFE9AF1969E8910" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.183088" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e36cd1e4-7009-4853-99dc-ccb031d722ec" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="183088" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459890823736" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Weaver, John S., Gibon, François-Marie &amp; Chvojka, Pavel" docDate="2008" docId="03A1231F7F264202FF3DFA8EFD0021AA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01825p028.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1825" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Philorheithridae Mosely" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FF985B677F264203FFAAFF9FFF852766" masterDocTitle="A new genus of Philorheithridae (Trichoptera) from Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="18" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1698228037677" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7939C24CA05E335DF4873925E5CC24F9">A new genus of Philorheithridae (Trichoptera) from Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F93F4BA759A9A3E39BD8F0223E629F69">Weaver, John S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8259BE005B3E6EDE3E498189F1C823A6">Gibon, François-Marie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5EBCA79D64CF1828EBB677FBC4D7E56E">Chvojka, Pavel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="5A82DA19CB3E7B5F45031E6DD983B050">2008</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A1231F7F264202FF3DFA8EFD0021AA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6230642" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119371954" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6230642" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A1231F7F264202FF3DFA8EFD0021AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A1231F7F264202FF3DFA8EFD0021AA" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="0" pageNumber="18">
<subSubSection id="C312C1827F264203FF3DFA8EFBA82107" pageId="0" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB792097F264203FF3DFA8EFE43224D" blockId="0.[151,454,1297,1323]" box="[151,454,1297,1323]" pageId="0" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="D0FF25657F264203FF3DFA8EFE43224D" bold="true" box="[151,454,1297,1323]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="18" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F264203FF3DFA8EFE43224D" ID-CoL="625XD" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[151,454,1297,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F264203FF3DFA8EFE43224D" bold="true" box="[151,454,1297,1323]" pageId="0" pageNumber="18">Philorheithridae Mosely</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB792097F264203FF3DFAC8FBA82107" blockId="0.[151,1437,1367,2033]" pageId="0" pageNumber="18">
The philorheithrids are a relatively small family, represented by eight described genera, six from Australasian Region (
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F264203FF55FA1FFE7522FF" authority="Hare" authorityName="Hare" box="[255,496,1407,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Philorheithrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F264203FF55FA1FFE2F22FF" box="[255,426,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="18">Philorheithrus</emphasis>
Hare
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F264203FE54FA1FFC9E22FF" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[510,795,1407,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Aphilorheithrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F264203FE54FA1FFD3222FF" box="[510,695,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="18">Aphilorheithrus</emphasis>
Mosely
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F264203FC83FA1FFBA622FF" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[809,1059,1407,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Tasmanthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F264203FC83FA1FFC3A22FF" box="[809,959,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="18">Tasmanthrus</emphasis>
Mosely
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F264203FB98FA1FFF5622A7" authority="Mosely &amp; Kimmins" authorityName="Mosely &amp; Kimmins" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Austrheithrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F264203FB98FA1FFB5422FF" box="[1074,1233,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="18">Austrheithrus</emphasis>
Mosely &amp; Kimmins
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F264203FF49FA37FDF922A7" authority="Mosely &amp; Kimmins" authorityName="Mosely &amp; Kimmins" box="[227,636,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Kosrheithrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F264203FF49FA37FEF922A7" box="[227,380,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="18">Kosrheithrus</emphasis>
Mosely &amp; Kimmins
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F264203FD26FA37FC1C22A7" authority="Neboiss" authorityName="Neboiss" box="[652,921,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Ramiheithrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F264203FD26FA37FCAF22A7" box="[652,810,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="18">Ramiheithrus</emphasis>
Neboiss
</taxonomicName>
), and two from the temperate Neotropical Region (
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F264203FEAEFA4FFE6C228F" authority="Ulmer" authorityName="Ulmer" box="[260,489,1487,1513]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Psilopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F264203FEAEFA4FFE15228F" box="[260,400,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="18">Psilopsyche</emphasis>
Ulmer
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F264203FD9BFA4FFCD4228F" authority="Schmid" authorityName="Schmid" box="[561,849,1487,1513]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Mystacopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F264203FD9BFA4FFD61228F" box="[561,740,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="18">Mystacopsyche</emphasis>
Schmid
</taxonomicName>
). The new genus described herein, is the first philorheithrid recorded from the Afrotropical Region. The characteristics of the family have been described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF99EFF87F264203FF6AF980FD8A215F" author="Mosely" box="[192,527,1567,1593]" lastPageId="0" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="0" pageNumber="27" refString="Mosely, M. E. &amp; Kimmins, D. E. (1953) Trichoptera of Australia and New Zealand. British Museum of Natural History, London, 550 pp." type="book" year="1953">Mosely &amp; Kimmins (1953)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF99EFF87F264203FDB5F980FD50215F" author="Schmid" box="[543,725,1567,1593]" pageId="0" pageNumber="28" refString="Schmid, F. (1955) Contributions a la connaissuance des Trichopteres neotropicaux. Memoires de la. Societe vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles, 11, 117 - 160." type="journal article" year="1955">Schmid (1955)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="EF99EFF87F264203FCB1F980FC4E215F" author="Neboiss" box="[795,971,1567,1593]" pageId="0" pageNumber="28" refString="Neboiss, A. (1977) A Taxonomic and Zoogeographic Study of Tasmanian Caddis - flies. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 38, 1 - 208, 3 plates." type="book chapter" year="1977">Neboiss (1977</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF99EFF87F264203FC76F980FB9E215F" author="Neboiss" box="[988,1051,1567,1593]" pageId="0" pageNumber="28" refString="Neboiss, A. (1991) Trichoptera. In: I. D. Neumann, The insects of Australia, 2 nd ed. Division of Entomology Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, pp. 787 - 816." type="book chapter" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
). Males and females have been described for all genera except
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F264203FDACF9D7FD212107" box="[518,676,1608,1633]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Ramiheithrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F264203FDACF9D7FD212107" box="[518,676,1608,1633]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="18">Ramiheithrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, for which females are unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C312C1827F264202FF6CF9F0FD0021AA" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="0" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB792097F264203FF6CF9F0FECE20C7" blockId="0.[151,1437,1367,2033]" pageId="0" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F264203FF6CF9F0FEBA21EF" bold="true" box="[198,319,1647,1673]" pageId="0" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. We agree with
<bibRefCitation id="EF99EFF87F264203FDAEF9F0FCC221EF" author="Parker" box="[516,839,1647,1673]" pageId="0" pageNumber="28" refString="Parker, C. R. &amp; Wiggins G. B. (1987) Revision of the caddisfly genus Psilotreta (Trichoptera: Odontoceridae). Royal Ontario Museum. Life Sciences Contributions, 144, 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1987">Parker and Wiggins (1987)</bibRefCitation>
that the
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F264203FC1BF9F0FBEB21EF" box="[945,1134,1647,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Philorheithridae</taxonomicName>
are closely related to the
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F264203FF3DF908FECD21D7" box="[151,328,1687,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Odontoceridae</taxonomicName>
. Adults of both families have unique modifications in the anterior wings, having a slender vein along the posterior margin, but we are not certain that it is a true vein. It was observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F264203FB07F920FAEF21BF" box="[1197,1386,1727,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Philorheithridae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F264203FF3DF978FEC12067" box="[151,324,1767,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Odontoceridae</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EF99EFF87F264203FED9F978FD982067" author="Schmid" box="[371,541,1767,1793]" pageId="0" pageNumber="28" refString="Schmid, F. (1964) Contribution a l'etude des trichopteres neotropicaux V. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 107, 307 - 339." type="journal article" year="1964">Schmid (1964</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF99EFF87F264203FD80F978FDE32067" author="Schmid" box="[554,614,1767,1793]" pageId="0" pageNumber="28" refString="Schmid, F. (1980) Genera des Trichopteres du Canada et des Etats adjacents. Les Insectes et Arachnides du Canada, 7, 1 - 296." type="journal article" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
) and referred to it as the &quot;post anale&quot; vein. The anterior wing is also modified by having the posterior margin slightly recessed and the anal lobe small but conspicuously thickened. All of these characters together would appear to increase the strength of the posterior margin. This characteristic appears to be a strong synapormorphy, supporting monophyly of the
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F264203FB09F8C0FAE5201F" box="[1187,1376,1887,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Philorheithridae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F264203FF3DF818FEC220C7" box="[151,327,1927,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Odontoceridae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB792097F264202FF6CF830FB4526C4" blockId="0.[151,1437,1367,2033]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1436,152,1740]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="0" pageNumber="18">
Reliable characteristics that may distinguish the
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F264203FCACF830FC4620AF" box="[774,963,1967,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Philorheithridae</taxonomicName>
and the
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F264203FB80F830FB5220AF" box="[1066,1239,1967,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Odontoceridae</taxonomicName>
from each other are not apparent to us at this time. A more through study of each group would be required to answer this question, and so the following diagnosis is tentative. Most of the
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F274202FCFDFF07FB9127D4" box="[855,1044,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Philorheithridae</taxonomicName>
differ from the
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F274202FB66FF07FAFD27D4" box="[1228,1400,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Odontoceridae</taxonomicName>
by having 1) pronotum with median and lateral setal warts present (not fused together as they appear to be in
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F274202FF3DFF77FECC2664" box="[151,329,232,258]" class="Insecta" family="Odontoceridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Odontoceridae</taxonomicName>
); 2) adult male and female maxillary palps each with first segment bearing an apicomesal nodule; 3) anterior wings each with venation more complete, having forks 1, 2, 3, 5 usually present in males, and forks
<quantity id="4CF03FEC7F274202FF71FEA7FEA22634" box="[219,295,312,338]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" metricValueMax="12.7" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1–5 in</quantity>
females; 4) anterior wings each with apical margin between forks 3 and 5, and posterior margin slightly concave; 5) anterior wings each with prominent basal lobe of posterior margin covered with numerous microtrichia on the upper surface; and 6) female genitalia with lateral appendages reduced.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB792097F274202FF6CFE30FF68243A" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,1740]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F274202FF6CFE30FE8B26AF" bold="true" box="[198,270,431,457]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Adult</emphasis>
. Ocelli absent. Maxillary palps 5–segmented, except 4–segmented in males of
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F274202FB03FE2FFAB926AF" box="[1193,1340,432,457]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Tasmanthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F274202FB03FE2FFAB926AF" box="[1193,1340,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Tasmanthrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 3– segmented in
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F274202FEEBFE47FE652697" box="[321,480,472,497]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Austrheithrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F274202FEEBFE47FE652697" box="[321,480,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Austrheithrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Five genera (
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F274202FD3FFE47FCBA2697" box="[661,831,472,497]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Philorheithrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F274202FD3FFE47FCBA2697" box="[661,831,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Philorheithrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F274202FCF8FE47FB8E2697" box="[850,1035,472,497]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Aphilorheithrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F274202FCF8FE47FB8E2697" box="[850,1035,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Aphilorheithrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F274202FBB4FE47FB342697" box="[1054,1201,472,497]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Tasmanthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F274202FBB4FE47FB342697" box="[1054,1201,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Tasmanthrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F274202FB6CFE47FADA2697" box="[1222,1375,472,497]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Kosrheithrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F274202FB6CFE47FADA2697" box="[1222,1375,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Kosrheithrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F274202FF3DFD9FFECF257F" box="[151,330,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Mystacopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F274202FF3DFD9FFECF257F" box="[151,330,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Mystacopsyche</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) unique among
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F274202FDB4FD9FFD23257C" box="[542,678,512,538]" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" rank="order">Trichoptera</taxonomicName>
in having pair of pilifers arising ventrally from male frons (
<bibRefCitation id="EF99EFF87F274202FF35FDB7FE572524" author="Mosely" box="[159,466,552,578]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" refString="Mosely, M. E. &amp; Kimmins, D. E. (1953) Trichoptera of Australia and New Zealand. British Museum of Natural History, London, 550 pp." type="book" year="1953">Mosely &amp; Kimmins 1953</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF99EFF87F274202FE74FDB7FDFA2524" author="Schmid" box="[478,639,552,578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Schmid, F. (1955) Contributions a la connaissuance des Trichopteres neotropicaux. Memoires de la. Societe vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles, 11, 117 - 160." type="journal article" year="1955">Schmid 1955</bibRefCitation>
). Fore, middle, and hind leg spur formula is 2, 4, 4. R1 joins R2 apically in anterior wings of males and females except for
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F274202FC8CFDCCFC41250A" box="[806,964,595,620]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Afrorheithrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F274202FC8CFDCCFC41250A" box="[806,964,595,620]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Afrorheithrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; length of 1A usually atrophied in most genera except
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F274202FEE4FDE4FE7C25F2" box="[334,505,635,660]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Philorheithrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F274202FEE4FDE4FE7C25F2" box="[334,505,635,660]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Philorheithrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F274202FDEAFDE4FD5B25F2" box="[576,734,635,660]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Afrorheithrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F274202FDEAFDE4FD5B25F2" box="[576,734,635,660]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Afrorheithrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and jugal lobe reduced. Secondary sexual dimorphism expressed in venation of anterior wings; male with forks 1, 2, 3, and 5; females with forks 1–5, except fork 4 absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F274202FEA6FD54FE202582" box="[268,421,715,740]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Kosrheithrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F274202FEA6FD54FE202582" box="[268,421,715,740]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Kosrheithrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Posterior wings of males and females with forks 1, 2, 5 present, except fork 3 also present in females of
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F274202FE03FD6CFDE7246A" box="[425,610,755,780]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Aphilorheithrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F274202FE03FD6CFDE7246A" box="[425,610,755,780]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Aphilorheithrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Abdominal sternite V with scent gland inconspicuous, apparently absent. A midsternal process is present on abdominal segment VI and/or VII in males and females of most genera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB792097F274202FF6CFCF5FEFB24CA" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,1740]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
A description of crypsis by the adult of
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F274202FD37FCF4FC1424E2" box="[669,913,875,900]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Philorheithrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F274202FD37FCF4FC1424E2" box="[669,913,875,900]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Philorheithrus agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was given by
<bibRefCitation id="EF99EFF87F274202FB97FCF5FB6B24E2" author="Hudson" box="[1085,1262,874,900]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" refString="Hudson, G. V. (1904) New Zealand Neuroptera. West, Newman &amp; Company, London, 98 pp., 11 plates." type="book" year="1904">Hudson (1904)</bibRefCitation>
in the original species description:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB792097F274202FF69FC25FAE724B2" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,1740]" box="[195,1378,954,980]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">&quot;It delights to rest on overhanging twigs, situated close to the most rapid–running water. While thus</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB792097F274202FF6DFC7DFAE7249A" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,1740]" box="[199,1378,994,1020]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">resting it is extremely difficult to see, the antennae being placed close together and thrust straight in</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB792097F274202FF6DFB95FAE72342" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,1740]" box="[199,1378,1034,1060]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">front of the insect, whilst the wings are closely folded around the body. When in this position the</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB792097F274202FF6DFBADFAE7232A" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,1740]" box="[199,1378,1074,1100]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">creature must resemble a small stick, but if it be too closely approached it dashes with amazing rapid-</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB792097F274202FF6DFBC5FAE42312" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,1740]" box="[199,1377,1114,1140]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">ity into the water, floats down the stream for a considerable distance, and eventually seizes hold of</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB792097F274202FF6DFB1DFAE723FA" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,1740]" box="[199,1378,1154,1180]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">some similar twig at the water=s edge, where it reposes as before. These peculiar habits are no doubt</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB792097F274202FF6DFB35FAE723A2" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,1740]" box="[199,1378,1194,1220]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">protective, and certainly render both the detection and capture of the insect a most difficult matter. Its</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB792097F274202FF6DFB4DFAE4238A" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,1740]" box="[199,1377,1234,1260]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">movements are, in fact, of such a sudden and bewildering nature that the collector is often taken by</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB792097F274202FF6DFB65FD9C2272" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,1740]" box="[199,537,1274,1300]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">surprise and loses his quest.&quot;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB792097F274202FF6FFABDFCEB2162" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,1740]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
Another philorheithrid,
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F274202FE4FFABCFCEA225A" authority="Mosely" authorityName="Mosely" box="[485,879,1314,1340]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Aphilorheithrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stepheni">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F274202FE4FFABCFC8E225A" box="[485,779,1315,1340]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Aphilorheithrus stepheni</emphasis>
Mosely
</taxonomicName>
, was observed and photographed in a similar cryptic, stick–like posture by Arturs Neboiss (pers. com.). An illustration based on this photograph was made by Charles McCubbin for the dust jacket of
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F274202FD05FAECFF4D22D2" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">A Taxonomic and Zoogeographic Study of Tasmanian Caddis– flies</emphasis>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EF99EFF87F274202FF5DFA05FE3422D2" author="Neboiss" box="[247,433,1434,1460]" pageId="1" pageNumber="28" refString="Neboiss, A. (1977) A Taxonomic and Zoogeographic Study of Tasmanian Caddis - flies. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 38, 1 - 208, 3 plates." type="book chapter" year="1977">Neboiss (1977)</bibRefCitation>
. This illustration is reproduced herein (
<figureCitation id="13338E8C7F274202FC22FA05FC4B22D2" box="[904,974,1434,1460]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,254,1443,1467]" captionTargetBox="[204,1382,755,1397]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,741,1434]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Aphilorheithrus stepheni Mosely: Habitus of adult in cryptic, stick – like posture, original figure illustrated by Charles McCubbin based on photograph by Arturs Neboiss." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183089/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) with the kind permission of Neboiss. We believe that this
<typeStatus id="54B32CAB7F274202FE27FA5DFE4522BA" box="[397,448,1474,1500]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
of cryptic behavioral characteristic is characteristic for most philorheithrids, especially those that have their anterior wings obliquely truncated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB792097F274202FF6CF98DFD0021AA" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,1740]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F274202FF6CF98DFE97214A" bold="true" box="[198,274,1554,1580]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Larva</emphasis>
. The larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F274202FE6BF98CFD32214A" box="[449,695,1555,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Philorheithrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agilis">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F274202FE6BF98CFD32214A" box="[449,695,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Philorheithrus agilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF99EFF87F274202FC32F98DFBCE214A" author="Hudson" box="[920,1099,1554,1580]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" refString="Hudson, G. V. (1904) New Zealand Neuroptera. West, Newman &amp; Company, London, 98 pp., 11 plates." type="book" year="1904">Hudson (1904)</bibRefCitation>
and redescribed by
<bibRefCitation id="EF99EFF87F274202FAEBF98DFF6D2132" author="Cowley" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" refString="Cowley, D. R. (1978) Studies on the larvae of New Zealand Trichoptera. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 5, 639 - 750." type="journal article" year="1978">Cowley (1978)</bibRefCitation>
, who mentioned that the larvae dwell in fast flowing streams, and construct cylindrical cases that are tapered slightly apically, composed of small stones, and lack posterior partitions. The larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F274202FABAF9FCFA19211A" box="[1296,1436,1635,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Psilopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F274202FABAF9FCFA19211A" box="[1296,1436,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Psilopsyche</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C08E98A7F274202FF61F914FEFB21C2" box="[203,382,1675,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Philorheithridae" genus="Mystacopsyche" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F274202FF61F914FEFB21C2" box="[203,382,1675,1700]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Mystacopsyche</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have not been described, but
<bibRefCitation id="EF99EFF87F274202FD40F915FC4421C2" box="[746,961,1674,1700]" pageId="1" pageNumber="27" refString="Flint, O. S. Jr, Holzenthal, R. W. &amp; Harris, S. C. (1999) Catalog of the Neotropical Caddisflies (Insect: Trichoptera). Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, Ohio, 239 pp." type="book">
Flint
<emphasis id="B97C4E1B7F274202FC86F914FCE721C2" box="[812,866,1675,1700]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
. (1999)
</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that they &quot;live in rivers and small streams, often in the sandy bottom.&quot;
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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