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<document id="9842289A5759AE771913325585B8297E" ID-CLB-Dataset="45800" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3795.3.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f0614c34-e456-4231-a5c0-281479168dac" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="252134" ID-ZooBank="77AB3EAA-DA13-4C8D-885D-EB9F5F14DE34" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460418923756" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L. &amp; Foltz, David W." docDate="2014" docId="039F453C955E8729FF0BFD9FFD4AF9EA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03795p372.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3795 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Clavaporania fitchorum" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="337" masterDocId="FFA63D4495568723FF9CFFD9FFA3FF87" masterDocTitle="New taxa and taxonomic revisions to the Poraniidae (Valvatacea; Asteroidea) with Comments on Feeding Biology" masterLastPageNumber="372" masterPageNumber="327" pageNumber="335" updateTime="1698329523474" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B798EA9FF3A808E8E54DE25150DFB0D5">New taxa and taxonomic revisions to the Poraniidae (Valvatacea; Asteroidea) with Comments on Feeding Biology</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B04638E3C0165BE381EA2881259950A7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9EE2B54464CDF0CFB5006EBBC15139F0">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BEB707888F709599DA4B7D76AC462A55">Foltz, David W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0E5E929D6EC80CACA6BADC31517EF4DA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="44CD566F5654ADFC09006C3B233D95F5">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F4FF1F5840F52A4C8E5CC4B89AA6F95E">3795</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="2569796CFBB51078DEB5BF3D4CAFCDB8">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="1B641D0DDD2BF6B0C8BE062B1B16A01A" type="CLB-Dataset">45800</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1ADEFCD3FBE8F5E1514CC70EFBBEAB2A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3795.3.7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039F453C955E8729FF0BFD9FFD4AF9EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6133829" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119426354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6133829" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F453C955E8729FF0BFD9FFD4AF9EA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F453C955E8729FF0BFD9FFD4AF9EA" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="337" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">
<subSubSection id="C32CA7A1955E872BFF0BFD9FFE8EFD05" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955E872BFF0BFD9FFD83FDE7" blockId="8.[151,544,582,642]" box="[151,544,582,608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">
<heading id="D0C14346955E872BFF0BFD9FFD83FDE7" bold="true" box="[151,544,582,608]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9422838955E872BFF0BFD9FFD83FDE7" bold="true" box="[151,544,582,608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955E872BFF0BFD9FFE18FDE7" ID-CoL="5Z9VZ" box="[151,443,582,608]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Clavaporania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fitchorum">
<emphasis id="B9422838955E872BFF0BFD9FFE18FDE7" bold="true" box="[151,443,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Clavaporania fitchorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nov. sp.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955E872BFF0BFDB0FE8EFD05" blockId="8.[151,544,582,642]" box="[151,301,617,642]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF955E872BFF0BFDB0FF56FD05" box="[151,245,617,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,184,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[175,1411,155,1917]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clavaporania fitchorum nov. gen, nov. sp. A. Holotype. USNM 1232816. Abactinal surface, (R = 4.9) B. Actinal surface. C. Marginal plate series. D. Marginal plates. E. Actinal surface, close up. F. Mace-like abactinal spines and spinelets covering abactinal surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252137/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Figure 3</figureCitation>
A–F
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32CA7A1955E872BFF0BFD68FC99FB8A" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955E872BFF0BFD68FAFFFD4D" blockId="8.[151,1437,689,2010]" box="[151,1372,689,714]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">
<emphasis id="B9422838955E872BFF0BFD68FEBDFD4D" bold="true" box="[151,286,689,714]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species epithet is named for Mason and Lisa Fitch, for their support of academic endeavors.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955E872BFF5BFD0CFD0BFCDD" blockId="8.[151,1437,689,2010]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">
<emphasis id="B9422838955E872BFF5BFD0CFE34FD69" bold="true" box="[199,407,725,750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Taxonomic notes.</emphasis>
This species is only the second recognized poraniid from the
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA955E872BFBC4FD0CFABFFD69" box="[1112,1308,725,750]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Macquarie Island</collectingCountry>
region and the first from such the upper bathyal zone.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955E872BFDE4FD23FCBDFC95" box="[632,798,762,786]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" refString="O'Hara, T. (1999) Systematics and biology of Macquarie Island echinoderms. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 57 (2), 167 - 223." type="journal article">O’Hara (1999)</bibRefCitation>
recognized
<emphasis id="B9422838955E872BFC3AFD23FB39FC96" box="[934,1178,762,785]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">
“
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955E872BFC33FD23FBB9FC96" box="[943,1050,762,785]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Porania</taxonomicName>
”
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955E872BFBB4FD23FB39FC96" box="[1064,1178,762,785]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Glabraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">antarctica</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
from
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depth.
<emphasis id="B9422838955E872BFF0BFCC7FEE7FCB2" box="[151,324,798,821]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">
“P.”
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955E872BFF4EFCC7FEE7FCB2" box="[210,324,798,821]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Glabraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">antarctica</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
lacks the covering of spinelets on the body surface, the well-developed spines on the abactinal and marginal surface and the strongly stellate body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955E872BFF5BFCBCFCE9FC6E" blockId="8.[151,1437,689,2010]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955E872BFF5BFCBCFEC0FCF9" box="[199,355,869,894]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Clavaporania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9422838955E872BFF5BFCBCFEC0FCF9" box="[199,355,869,894]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Clavaporania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares a reticulate abactinal skeleton with
<emphasis id="B9422838955E872BFCDFFCBCFB2BFCFA" box="[835,1160,869,894]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955E872BFCDFFCBCFC43FCF9" box="[835,992,869,894]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Bathyporania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Bathyporania</taxonomicName>
, “
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955E872BFC68FCBFFB2BFCFA" box="[1012,1160,870,893]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Glabraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">P. antarctica</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955E872BFB5AFCBFFAEEFCFA" box="[1222,1357,870,893]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Poraniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9422838955E872BFB5AFCBFFAEEFCFA" box="[1222,1357,870,893]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Poraniopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Large primary spines are present in all known species of
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955E872BFD7AFC50FC23FC25" box="[742,896,905,930]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Bathyporania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9422838955E872BFD7AFC50FC23FC25" box="[742,896,905,930]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Bathyporania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955E872BFC20FC53FBE0FC26" box="[956,1091,906,929]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Poraniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9422838955E872BFC20FC53FBE0FC26" box="[956,1091,906,929]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Poraniopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but not in all species of
<emphasis id="B9422838955E872BFAF4FC53FEB2FC42" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">
“P.”
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955E872BFF0BFC77FEAEFC42" box="[151,269,942,965]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Glabraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">antarctica</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Given the more distant phylogenetic position of
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955E872BFCABFC77FC1DFC42" box="[823,958,942,965]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Poraniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9422838955E872BFCABFC77FC1DFC42" box="[823,958,942,965]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Poraniopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is unclear if the skeleton and spines are shared plesiomorphies or derived characters in
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955E872BFD3BFC08FCE0FC6D" box="[679,835,977,1002]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Clavaporania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9422838955E872BFD3BFC08FCE0FC6D" box="[679,835,977,1002]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Clavaporania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955E872BFF5BFC2CFC99FB8A" blockId="8.[151,1437,689,2010]" box="[199,826,1013,1038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">
<emphasis id="B9422838955E872BFF5BFC2CFEFAFB89" bold="true" box="[199,345,1013,1038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Occurrence.</emphasis>
South of
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA955E872BFE5BFC2CFD2EFB89" box="[455,653,1013,1038]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Macquarie Island</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4CCE59CF955E872BFD04FC2CFC95FB8A" box="[664,822,1013,1038]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6335" metricValueMax="1.693" metricValueMin="1.574" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" unit="m" value="1633.5" valueMax="1693.0" valueMin="1574.0">1574–1693 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32CA7A1955E872BFF5BFBC0FE64F85D" pageId="8" pageNumber="335" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955E872BFF5BFBC0FE65FBD1" blockId="8.[151,1437,689,2010]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">
<emphasis id="B9422838955E872BFF5BFBC0FEFAFBB5" bold="true" box="[199,345,1049,1074]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Description.</emphasis>
Body shape, strongly stellate (R/r=5.4), Arms round in cross-section, disk small (
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF955E872BFAB3FBC0FAD4FBB5" box="[1327,1399,1049,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,184,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[175,1411,155,1917]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clavaporania fitchorum nov. gen, nov. sp. A. Holotype. USNM 1232816. Abactinal surface, (R = 4.9) B. Actinal surface. C. Marginal plate series. D. Marginal plates. E. Actinal surface, close up. F. Mace-like abactinal spines and spinelets covering abactinal surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252137/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A). Pedicellariae not observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955E872BFF5BFBB8FB06FAF1" blockId="8.[151,1437,689,2010]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">
Abactinal skeleton densely reticulate, embedded in a thick, fleshy skin. Skeleton composed of larger, reticulate ossicles and smaller, secondary ossicles distributed throughout. Single papular pores. Open papular meshes absent. Abactinal and marginal spines are strongly clavate, almost mace-like, with blunt, but finely notched to irregular tips (
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF955E872BFF4DFB14FE83FB61" box="[209,288,1229,1254]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,184,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[175,1411,155,1917]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clavaporania fitchorum nov. gen, nov. sp. A. Holotype. USNM 1232816. Abactinal surface, (R = 4.9) B. Actinal surface. C. Marginal plate series. D. Marginal plates. E. Actinal surface, close up. F. Mace-like abactinal spines and spinelets covering abactinal surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252137/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
D, F). Some spine tips with one to three short, thorny tips (
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF955E872BFC4CFB14FB83FB61" box="[976,1056,1229,1254]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,184,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[175,1411,155,1917]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clavaporania fitchorum nov. gen, nov. sp. A. Holotype. USNM 1232816. Abactinal surface, (R = 4.9) B. Actinal surface. C. Marginal plate series. D. Marginal plates. E. Actinal surface, close up. F. Mace-like abactinal spines and spinelets covering abactinal surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252137/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
F). Spines sit on strongly convex bosses present along reticulated network. Abactinal and lateral surface with a dense covering of spinelets, these completely cover the abactinal and lateral surfaces. Individual spinelets with one or two points; approximately five spinelets per mm. Surfaces around spine bases lacking spinelets. Fifteen short spines surrounding anal periphery. Madreporite on strongly convex plate, surrounded by short spinelets. Sulci relatively simple.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955E872BFF5BFA58FEBDF9F5" blockId="8.[151,1437,689,2010]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">
Marginal plates with one-to-one correspondence proximally, becoming offset distally. Marginal plate surface, as on the abactinal surface, covered by dense spinelets. Marginal series strongly swollen (
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF955E872BFAB6FA7CFADAFA39" box="[1322,1401,1445,1470]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,184,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[175,1411,155,1917]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clavaporania fitchorum nov. gen, nov. sp. A. Holotype. USNM 1232816. Abactinal surface, (R = 4.9) B. Actinal surface. C. Marginal plate series. D. Marginal plates. E. Actinal surface, close up. F. Mace-like abactinal spines and spinelets covering abactinal surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252137/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C), superomarginals and inferomarginals each with prominent spine-bearing clavate/mace-like and/or two pronged thorny tip, one or two per plate, (
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF955E872BFD84FA34FDFFF981" box="[536,604,1517,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,184,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[175,1411,155,1917]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clavaporania fitchorum nov. gen, nov. sp. A. Holotype. USNM 1232816. Abactinal surface, (R = 4.9) B. Actinal surface. C. Marginal plate series. D. Marginal plates. E. Actinal surface, close up. F. Mace-like abactinal spines and spinelets covering abactinal surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252137/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C, D, E) identical to those on abactinal plates forming distinct periphery around actinolateral edge. Some marginal spines with a broad spearhead-like shape. Intermarginal region with single papular pore (
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF955E872BFE1DF9ECFE66F9C9" box="[385,453,1589,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,184,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[175,1411,155,1917]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clavaporania fitchorum nov. gen, nov. sp. A. Holotype. USNM 1232816. Abactinal surface, (R = 4.9) B. Actinal surface. C. Marginal plate series. D. Marginal plates. E. Actinal surface, close up. F. Mace-like abactinal spines and spinelets covering abactinal surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252137/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C). Marginal plates form distinct, closely articulated series separate from the abactinal reticulation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955E872BFF5BF9A4FB48F885" blockId="8.[151,1437,689,2010]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">
Actinal surface composed of three plate series (
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF955E872BFD67F9A4FCE1F911" box="[763,834,1661,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,184,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[175,1411,155,1917]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clavaporania fitchorum nov. gen, nov. sp. A. Holotype. USNM 1232816. Abactinal surface, (R = 4.9) B. Actinal surface. C. Marginal plate series. D. Marginal plates. E. Actinal surface, close up. F. Mace-like abactinal spines and spinelets covering abactinal surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252137/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B). Series with largest sized plates distalmost, near contact with inferomarginal plates. Actinal plates smaller, more proximally. Plates are quadrate with rounded edges becoming smaller and more round. Actinal surface lacking large spines, but covered by widely spaced, tiny spinelets similar to those on abactinal surface (
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF955E872BFD3FF930FD46F885" box="[675,741,1769,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,184,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[175,1411,155,1917]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clavaporania fitchorum nov. gen, nov. sp. A. Holotype. USNM 1232816. Abactinal surface, (R = 4.9) B. Actinal surface. C. Marginal plate series. D. Marginal plates. E. Actinal surface, close up. F. Mace-like abactinal spines and spinelets covering abactinal surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252137/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B, E). Actinal and oral plates covered by skin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955E872BFF5BF8D7FE21F831" blockId="8.[151,1437,689,2010]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">
Furrow spines number one or two, with a single, larger subambulacral spine, all in a transverse row with flattened and squarish to pointed tips (
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF955E872BFDCCF8E8FD37F8CD" box="[592,660,1841,1866]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,184,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[175,1411,155,1917]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clavaporania fitchorum nov. gen, nov. sp. A. Holotype. USNM 1232816. Abactinal surface, (R = 4.9) B. Actinal surface. C. Marginal plate series. D. Marginal plates. E. Actinal surface, close up. F. Mace-like abactinal spines and spinelets covering abactinal surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252137/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
E). Furrow spines are about half the thickness of the subambulacral spine, but all spines similar in length. Adambulacral plates rectangular in outline. Two blunt, pointed spines per oral plate directed into mouth (
<figureCitation id="130DE8AF955E872BFE6EF8A0FD97F815" box="[498,564,1913,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[184,1401,184,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[175,1411,155,1917]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clavaporania fitchorum nov. gen, nov. sp. A. Holotype. USNM 1232816. Abactinal surface, (R = 4.9) B. Actinal surface. C. Marginal plate series. D. Marginal plates. E. Actinal surface, close up. F. Mace-like abactinal spines and spinelets covering abactinal surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252137/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
E). Oral plate furrow spines three to four. Large blunt spine with wide, flat tip on oral plate surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955E872BFF5BF818FE64F85D" blockId="8.[151,1437,689,2010]" box="[199,455,1985,2010]" pageId="8" pageNumber="335">Color in life unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF49A4A2955F872AFF0BF8A7FE0BF855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252137/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="336" targetBox="[184,1401,184,1917]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955F872AFF0BF8A7FE0BF855" blockId="9.[151,1436,1918,2002]" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">
<emphasis id="B9422838955F872AFF0BF8A7FD56F813" bold="true" box="[151,757,1918,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">
FIGURE 3.
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955F872AFE86F8A7FDB4F813" box="[282,535,1918,1940]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Clavaporania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="336" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fitchorum">
<emphasis id="B9422838955F872AFE86F8A7FDB4F813" bold="true" box="[282,535,1918,1940]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">Clavaporania fitchorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nov. gen, nov. sp. A.
</emphasis>
Holotype. USNM 1232816. Abactinal surface, (R=4.9)
<emphasis id="B9422838955F872AFAAFF8A7FAE9F813" bold="true" box="[1331,1354,1918,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">B.</emphasis>
Actinal surface.
<emphasis id="B9422838955F872AFF71F844FEA5F834" bold="true" box="[237,262,1949,1971]" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">C.</emphasis>
Marginal plate series.
<emphasis id="B9422838955F872AFE6DF844FDAAF834" bold="true" box="[497,521,1949,1971]" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">D.</emphasis>
Marginal plates.
<emphasis id="B9422838955F872AFD20F844FD70F834" bold="true" box="[700,723,1949,1971]" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">E.</emphasis>
Actinal surface, close up.
<emphasis id="B9422838955F872AFC7AF844FC54F834" bold="true" box="[998,1015,1949,1971]" pageId="9" pageNumber="336">F.</emphasis>
Mace-like abactinal spines and spinelets covering abactinal surface.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF49A4A2955C8729FF0BFA68FC84F983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252138/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" targetBox="[173,1419,206,1413]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955C8729FF0BFA68FC84F983" blockId="10.[151,1437,1456,1540]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="B9422838955C8729FF0BFA68FCA3FA40" bold="true" box="[151,768,1456,1479]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">
FIGURE 4.
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955C8729FEBEFA69FDB9FA41" box="[290,538,1456,1478]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Marginaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pectinatus">
<emphasis id="B9422838955C8729FEBEFA69FDB9FA41" bold="true" box="[290,538,1456,1478]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Marginaster pectinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&amp; size comparisons
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9422838955C8729FC8DFA68FC89FA40" bold="true" box="[785,810,1457,1479]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">A.</emphasis>
USNM
<accessionNumber id="946569C9955C8729FC15FA68FC7BFA40" box="[905,984,1457,1479]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/E30130" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" type="EnaNcbi">E30130</accessionNumber>
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955C8729FC7FFA6BFAE2FA40" authority="Abactinal" authorityName="Abactinal" box="[995,1345,1457,1479]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Marginaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pectinatus">
<emphasis id="B9422838955C8729FC7FFA6BFB77FA40" box="[995,1236,1458,1479]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Marginaster pectinatus</emphasis>
Abactinal
</taxonomicName>
surface. (R=0.9).
<emphasis id="B9422838955C8729FF6AFA16FEAEFA62" bold="true" box="[246,269,1487,1509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">B.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955C8729FE8AFA08FE00FA61" box="[278,419,1489,1510]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Marginaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pectinatus">
<emphasis id="B9422838955C8729FE8AFA08FE00FA61" box="[278,419,1489,1510]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">M. pectinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
actinal surface.
<emphasis id="B9422838955C8729FDCEFA16FDC9FA62" bold="true" box="[594,618,1487,1509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">C.</emphasis>
USNM Paralectotype 18496, abactinal surface
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955C8729FBC2FA08FAB1FA62" box="[1118,1298,1487,1510]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulvillus">
<emphasis id="B9422838955C8729FBC2FA08FAB1FA62" box="[1118,1298,1487,1510]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Porania pulvillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. (R= 0.9)
<emphasis id="B9422838955C8729FA1FFA16FA3FFA62" bold="true" box="[1411,1436,1487,1509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">D.</emphasis>
USNM 1136790
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955C8729FED8FA37FD82F983" box="[324,545,1518,1540]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Glabraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B9422838955C8729FED8FA37FD82F983" box="[324,545,1518,1540]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Glabraster antarctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
abactinal surface (R=1.2)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32CA7A1955C8729FF5BF9E9FD4AF9EA" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955C8729FF5BF9E9FD4AF9EA" blockId="10.[151,1436,1584,1645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="B9422838955C8729FF5BF9E9FE11F9CE" bold="true" box="[199,434,1584,1609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="548D4A88955C8729FE27F9E9FD85F9CE" box="[443,550,1584,1609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="ED276CEF955C8729FDAFF9E8FD27F9CE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[563,644,1585,1609]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">USNM</collectionCode>
1232816, South of
<collectingCountry id="F321B4BA955C8729FCF4F9E9FB8CF9CE" box="[872,1071,1584,1609]" name="Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Macquarie island</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED955C8729FBA0F9E9FB34F9CE" box="[1084,1175,1584,1609]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" precision="925" value="-56.35">56º21’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0292ED955C8729FB39F9E9FAB2F9CE" box="[1189,1297,1584,1609]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" precision="925" value="158.46666">158º28’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CCE59CF955C8729FA82F9E9FF0CF9EA" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6335" metricValueMax="1.693" metricValueMin="1.574" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" unit="m" value="1633.5" valueMax="1693.0" valueMin="1574.0">1574–1693 m</quantity>
, Coll. USC R/V
<emphasis id="B9422838955C8729FEF0F98DFE1CF9EA" box="[364,447,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Eltanin</emphasis>
(1 dry spec. R=4.9, r=0.9)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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