298 lines
38 KiB
XML
298 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="F20D979E87FE544FFBE26F516154B849" ID-CLB-Dataset="77229" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5154.5.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="09cb9feb-e7d3-4887-b101-197f73fc0452" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6655680" ID-ZooBank="689AD1E1-26B4-47B9-B68B-60F63CC846FF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1655450953679" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Masonick, Paul & Weirauch, Christiane" docDate="2022" docId="03949A17FFD96461FF29F98FFC02F8FB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5154.5.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5154 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Apiomerus maya Dispons 1971" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="544" masterDocId="FFADE26FFFDC6466FFBEFFF7FF95FFA7" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Apiomerus maya species group (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae)" masterLastPageNumber="556" masterPageNumber="537" pageNumber="542" updateTime="1699339373913" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="698C48FEB6A0B5BFDB03869A36406240">
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<mods:title id="445572E061FE872AE23C067E24647AD7">Taxonomic revision of the Apiomerus maya species group (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3905672E17D2C0106A3577F7968D77A5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="06983FD089163BA3F3AB5D4F6394C10B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CE9A405C65C4517B032EC7CFB7A8E39C">Masonick, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5977D10244E5B4039A1458C300CCC628">Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2B263C83E14C8135FAB317284DF2C1A3">Weirauch, Christiane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="029C5B4E1A645512CAFA6B22D0D4DC28" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4492-4515</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="C20836E3BBF44B0C3FC5EBB95F8655F2">Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA. & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4492 - 4515</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C4647F96AA495F9416BEBA8B7F6603F1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B2C2BFE16936F74F8693B968BD49E875">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CB821F5E18AF5B9A16C9062E40060459">
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<mods:date id="630454213361F4C894EB7C443BE0128D">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C12BFB1921FE61217773E180063A6D1B">2022-06-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="114CE3578374D87793F634C0DC6B7349">5154</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FC3E5F78EC2EA4282CE5A6FD554DC305">5</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03949A17FFD96461FF29F98FFC02F8FB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6655510" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196079329" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6655510" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03949A17FFD96461FF29F98FFC02F8FB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03949A17FFD96461FF29F98FFC02F8FB" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="544" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">
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<subSubSection id="C327788AFFD96463FF29F98FFD8DF935" box="[151,536,1656,1683]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B822B01FFD96463FF29F98FFD8DF935" blockId="5.[151,536,1656,1719]" box="[151,536,1656,1683]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">
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<heading id="D0CA9C6DFFD96463FF29F98FFD8DF935" bold="true" box="[151,536,1656,1683]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D5082FFD96463FF29F98FFD8DF935" ID-CoL="67NYH" authority="Dispons, 1971" authorityName="Dispons" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,536,1656,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maya">
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<emphasis id="B949F713FFD96463FF29F98FFD8DF935" bold="true" box="[151,536,1656,1683]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">
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<emphasis id="B949F713FFD96463FF29F98FFEF1F934" bold="true" box="[151,356,1656,1683]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Apiomerus maya</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAC56F0FFD96463FED5F98FFD8DF935" author="Dispons, P." box="[363,536,1656,1682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref8398" refString="Dispons, P. (1971) Notes sur quelques Apiomerus Hahn de L'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (HemipteraHeteroptera: Reduviidae, Apiomerinae). Bulletin de la l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 47, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1971">Dispons, 1971</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C327788AFFD96463FF29F96BFE57F910" box="[151,450,1692,1719]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B822B01FFD96463FF29F96BFE57F910" blockId="5.[151,536,1656,1719]" box="[151,450,1692,1719]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">
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<figureCitation id="13063784FFD96463FF29F96BFF64F910" box="[151,241,1692,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1442,1466]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,165,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,164,1424]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dorsal habitus images of (A) A. immundus Bergroth, 1898 [♂ LECTOTYPE = UCR_ENT 00040816], (B) Apiomerus maya Dispons, 1971 [♀ = UCR_ENT 00013169, ♂ HOLOTYPE = UCR_ENT 00038047], (C) A. pipil Dispons, 1971 [♀ = AMNH_PBI 00218895, ♂ = UCR_ENT 00032865], and (D) A. venosus Stål, 1872 [♀ = UCR_ENT 00031790, ♂ = UCR_ENT 00032336]. All scale bars represent 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6655682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6655682/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13063784FFD96463FF43F96AFEC5F910" box="[253,336,1693,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,596,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-208@6.[151,1436,596,1764]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A–F) Caudal views of the pygophores (pyg) of males of the maya species group displaying the bifid medial process with rami (rm). In these taxa, the base of the medial process is greatly reduced giving the impression of the rami being inserted directly on the posterior rim of the pygophore. The rami are often broadly spaced from one another and render the medial process either V-shaped, as frequently observed in A. pipil (see C), or lyre-shaped (most male A. venosus). Figs. A– F are not to scale. (G–J) Dissected right parameres. All scale bars for Figs. G– J represent 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6655684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6655684/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">2B, 2H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13063784FFD96463FEE2F96AFE3DF910" box="[348,424,1693,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1246,1270]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1223]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[151,1436,181,1223]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A–D) and lateral (E–H) views of the aedeagus of males of the maya species group.An arrow-shaped dorsal phallothecal sclerite (dps) is commonly seen in males of these species (subconical in A. immundus). Note the paired triangular projections (tp) positioned basally on the dps of Apiomerus maya (B & F); these projections are absent in other maya group taxa. The basal dorsolateral sclerites of the endosoma (bdls) can be short and round (A. maya), moderately elongated with fine sculpturing basally (A. immundus), or greatly elongated and slightly twisted (A. pipil and A. venosus). The number of peg-like endosomal denticles (ed) aligned longitudinally along the distal dorsal lobes of the endosoma (ddl) varies across the group. In some taxa, notably A. immundus and some A. venosus, lateral sclerotizations of the endosoma (ls) may be observed along the endosoma’s proximal dorsolateral surface. All scale bars represent 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6655686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6655686/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">3B, 3F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13063784FFD96463FE0AF96AFE57F910" box="[436,450,1693,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1060,1084]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1036]" captionTargetId="figure-76@10.[151,1436,273,1036]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Examples of intraspecific polychromatism across ranges of maya species group taxa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6655688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6655688/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C327788AFFD96463FF29F916FD1BF8BF" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B822B01FFD96463FF29F916FCDCF95E" blockId="5.[151,841,1761,1816]" box="[151,841,1761,1785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2D0C2FFFD96463FF29F916FCDCF95E" box="[151,841,1761,1785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9C0D10FFD96463FF29F916FE62F95E" author="Dispons, P." box="[151,503,1761,1785]" page="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" year="1971">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D5082FFD96463FF29F916FE62F95E" ID-CoL="67NYH" authority="Dispons, 1971: 9" authorityName="Dispons" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,503,1761,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maya">
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<emphasis id="B949F713FFD96463FF29F916FED7F95E" box="[151,322,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Apiomerus maya</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B55215CFFD96463FEF6F916FE62F95E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3815679333" box="[328,503,1761,1785]" country="Guatemala" location="Guatemala" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAC56F0FFD96463FEF6F916FE62F95E" author="Dispons, P." box="[328,503,1761,1785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref8398" refString="Dispons, P. (1971) Notes sur quelques Apiomerus Hahn de L'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (HemipteraHeteroptera: Reduviidae, Apiomerinae). Bulletin de la l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 47, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1971">Dispons, 1971: 9</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="548695A3FFD96463FDBCF916FDF1F95E" box="[514,612,1761,1785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCount id="9D3BE088FFD96463FDD3F916FD17F95F" box="[621,642,1761,1784]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F32A6B91FFD96463FD33F916FD6BF95E" box="[653,766,1761,1785]" name="Guatemala" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
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; ISNB.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B822B01FFD96463FF29F8F7FD1BF8BF" blockId="5.[151,841,1761,1816]" box="[151,654,1792,1816]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2D0C2FFFD96463FF29F8F7FD1BF8BF" box="[151,654,1792,1816]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9C0D10FFD96463FF29F8F7FDB2F8BF" author="Maldonado Capriles, J." box="[151,551,1792,1816]" page=")" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" year="1990">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3D5082FFD96463FF29F8F7FDB2F8BF" ID-CoL="67NYH" authority=": Maldonado (1990: 6)" authorityName=": Maldonado" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,551,1792,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maya">
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<emphasis id="B949F713FFD96463FF29F8F7FED7F8B0" box="[151,322,1792,1815]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Apiomerus maya</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAC56F0FFD96463FEEEF8F7FDB2F8BF" author="Maldonado Capriles, J." box="[336,551,1792,1816]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" refId="ref8630" refString="Maldonado Capriles, J. (1990) Systematic catalogue of the Reduviidae of the World. (Caribbean Journal of Science, Special publication No. 1.) University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 694 pp." type="book" year="1990">Maldonado (1990: 6)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(catalog).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C327788AFFD96463FF29F8B1FAF8F857" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B822B01FFD96463FF29F8B1FAF8F857" blockId="5.[151,1437,1862,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">
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<emphasis id="B949F713FFD96463FF29F8B1FEE7F8C7" bold="true" box="[151,370,1862,1888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Revised diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Recognized by a combination of the following characteristics: (1) small size (<
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<quantity id="4CC586E4FFD96463FB60F8B1FAB9F8C7" box="[1246,1324,1862,1888]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
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in length) and predominantly brown body and forewings, (2) males with lyre-shaped medial process of the pygophore with broadly spaced, slightly curved rami, (3) pair of strongly developed triangular projections near base of the dorsal phallothecal sclerite, (4) short, broad, flat, and round basal dorsolateral sclerites of the endosoma with longitudinal striations, and (5) about 26 endosomal denticles that are arranged into two longitudinal rows of about 13 pairs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C327788AFFDA6461FF79FF61FB4AF99C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="544" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B822B01FFDA6460FF79FF61FDB1FD9B" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">
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<emphasis id="B949F713FFDA6460FF79FF61FEE2FF17" bold="true" box="[199,375,150,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">Redescription:</emphasis>
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Male: Small,
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<quantity id="4CC586E4FFDA6460FDA2FF61FD48FF16" box="[540,733,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.222" metricValueMax="1.253" metricValueMin="1.191" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="12.219999999999999" valueMax="12.53" valueMin="11.91">11.91–12.53 mm</quantity>
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in length, width across humeral angles
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<quantity id="4CC586E4FFDA6460FB17FF61FADBFF16" box="[1193,1358,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.815" metricValueMax="3.96" metricValueMin="3.67" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="3.815" valueMax="3.96" valueMin="3.67">3.67–3.96 mm</quantity>
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(n=5). COLORATION: Mostly black; anterior pronotal lobe dark brown, posterior pronotal lobe brown (
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<figureCitation id="13063784FFDA6460FB5EFF4DFAA3FF73" box="[1248,1334,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1442,1466]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,165,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,164,1424]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dorsal habitus images of (A) A. immundus Bergroth, 1898 [♂ LECTOTYPE = UCR_ENT 00040816], (B) Apiomerus maya Dispons, 1971 [♀ = UCR_ENT 00013169, ♂ HOLOTYPE = UCR_ENT 00038047], (C) A. pipil Dispons, 1971 [♀ = AMNH_PBI 00218895, ♂ = UCR_ENT 00032865], and (D) A. venosus Stål, 1872 [♀ = UCR_ENT 00031790, ♂ = UCR_ENT 00032336]. All scale bars represent 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6655682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6655682/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
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); corium brown, only veins near forewing membrane white or pale-yellow, quadrate cell of the corium is not outlined in white or pale-yellow; entire forewing membrane brown; basal spot of connexivum 7 roughly twice the size of marking on the preceding segment (from dorsal view); lateral spots of abdominal sterna absent. STRUCTURE: Medial process of pygophore lyre-shaped in caudal view, rami widely separated and slightly bent away (laterally) from one another midway along their length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13063784FFDA6460FE69FE99FDA7FE2F" box="[471,562,366,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,596,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-208@6.[151,1436,596,1764]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A–F) Caudal views of the pygophores (pyg) of males of the maya species group displaying the bifid medial process with rami (rm). In these taxa, the base of the medial process is greatly reduced giving the impression of the rami being inserted directly on the posterior rim of the pygophore. The rami are often broadly spaced from one another and render the medial process either V-shaped, as frequently observed in A. pipil (see C), or lyre-shaped (most male A. venosus). Figs. A– F are not to scale. (G–J) Dissected right parameres. All scale bars for Figs. G– J represent 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6655684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6655684/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
); paramere weakly bent, with bristles subequal to or slightly longer than its maximal width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13063784FFDA6460FEF1FE65FE3FFE0B" box="[335,426,402,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,596,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-208@6.[151,1436,596,1764]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A–F) Caudal views of the pygophores (pyg) of males of the maya species group displaying the bifid medial process with rami (rm). In these taxa, the base of the medial process is greatly reduced giving the impression of the rami being inserted directly on the posterior rim of the pygophore. The rami are often broadly spaced from one another and render the medial process either V-shaped, as frequently observed in A. pipil (see C), or lyre-shaped (most male A. venosus). Figs. A– F are not to scale. (G–J) Dissected right parameres. All scale bars for Figs. G– J represent 0.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6655684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6655684/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
|
||
); dorsal phallothecal sclerite arrow-shaped in dorsal view, with pair of strongly developed triangular projections near base (
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDA6460FDA8FE41FDBAFE77" bold="true" box="[534,559,438,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">tp</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="13063784FFDA6460FDFFFE41FD0EFE77" box="[577,667,438,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1246,1270]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1223]" captionTargetId="figure-20@7.[151,1436,181,1223]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A–D) and lateral (E–H) views of the aedeagus of males of the maya species group.An arrow-shaped dorsal phallothecal sclerite (dps) is commonly seen in males of these species (subconical in A. immundus). Note the paired triangular projections (tp) positioned basally on the dps of Apiomerus maya (B & F); these projections are absent in other maya group taxa. The basal dorsolateral sclerites of the endosoma (bdls) can be short and round (A. maya), moderately elongated with fine sculpturing basally (A. immundus), or greatly elongated and slightly twisted (A. pipil and A. venosus). The number of peg-like endosomal denticles (ed) aligned longitudinally along the distal dorsal lobes of the endosoma (ddl) varies across the group. In some taxa, notably A. immundus and some A. venosus, lateral sclerotizations of the endosoma (ls) may be observed along the endosoma’s proximal dorsolateral surface. All scale bars represent 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6655686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6655686/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
), apex of dorsal phallothecal sclerite strongly reflexed and deeply notched; basal dorsolateral sclerites of endosoma short, broad, flat, and round; dorsal surface of endosoma with about 26 denticles arranged into about 13 pairs forming two longitudinal rows; dorsolateral surface of endosoma with slight sclerotization near base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF427B89FFDA6460FF29F90CFB9AF804" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6655684" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6655684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6655684/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" startId="6.[151,250,1787,1811]" targetBox="[151,1436,596,1764]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B822B01FFDA6460FF29F90CFB9AF804" blockId="6.[151,1437,1787,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDA6460FF29F90CFE86F8B4" bold="true" box="[151,275,1787,1811]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
(A–F) Caudal views of the pygophores (
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDA6460FD0FF90BFD4DF8B3" bold="true" box="[689,728,1788,1812]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">pyg</emphasis>
|
||
) of males of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D5082FFDA6460FC3AF90BFC2EF8B4" authorityName=": Maldonado" authorityYear="1990" box="[900,955,1788,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDA6460FC3AF90BFC2EF8B4" box="[900,955,1788,1811]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">maya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group displaying the bifid medial process with rami (
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDA6460FE90F8D7FEDBF89F" bold="true" box="[302,334,1824,1848]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">rm</emphasis>
|
||
). In these taxa, the base of the medial process is greatly reduced giving the impression of the rami being inserted directly on the posterior rim of the pygophore. The rami are often broadly spaced from one another and render the medial process either V-shaped, as frequently observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D5082FFDA6460FD26F89FFD77F827" authorityName="Dispons" authorityYear="1971" box="[664,738,1896,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipil">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDA6460FD26F89FFD77F827" box="[664,738,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">A. pipil</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see C), or lyre-shaped (most male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D5082FFDA6460FBF2F89FFB2DF8D8" authorityName=": Stal" authorityYear="1872" box="[1100,1208,1896,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDA6460FBF2F89FFB2DF8D8" box="[1100,1208,1896,1919]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">A. venosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Figs. A– F are not to scale. (G–J) Dissected right parameres. All scale bars for Figs. G– J represent 0.25 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF427B89FFDB6461FF29FB29FC04FA55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6655686" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6655686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6655686/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" startId="7.[151,250,1246,1270]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1223]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B822B01FFDB6461FF29FB29FC04FA55" blockId="7.[151,1436,1246,1523]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FF29FB29FE87FB51" bold="true" box="[151,274,1246,1270]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal (A–D) and lateral (E–H) views of the aedeagus of males of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D5082FFDB6461FC64FB28FB84FB51" authorityName=": Maldonado" authorityYear="1990" box="[986,1041,1247,1270]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FC64FB28FB84FB51" box="[986,1041,1247,1270]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">maya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. An arrow-shaped dorsal phallothecal sclerite (
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FECCFAF4FE0DFABC" bold="true" box="[370,408,1283,1307]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">dps</emphasis>
|
||
) is commonly seen in males of these species (subconical in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D5082FFDB6461FC43FAF4FB14FABC" authorityName="Bergroth" authorityYear="1898" box="[1021,1153,1283,1307]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immundus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FC43FAF4FB14FABC" box="[1021,1153,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">A. immundus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Note the paired triangular projections (
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FEA6FAD0FEBAFA98" bold="true" box="[280,303,1319,1343]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">tp</emphasis>
|
||
) positioned basally on the dps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D5082FFDB6461FD2EFAD0FCA8FA99" authorityName=": Maldonado" authorityYear="1990" box="[656,829,1319,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FD2EFAD0FCA8FA99" box="[656,829,1319,1342]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Apiomerus maya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(B & F); these projections are absent in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D5082FFDB6461FA9CFAD0FACCFA99" authorityName=": Maldonado" authorityYear="1990" box="[1314,1369,1319,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FA9CFAD0FACCFA99" box="[1314,1369,1319,1342]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">maya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group taxa. The basal dorsolateral sclerites of the endosoma (
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FD7BFABCFD67FAC4" bold="true" box="[709,754,1355,1379]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">bdls</emphasis>
|
||
) can be short and round (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D5082FFDB6461FC49FABCFBDEFAC5" authorityName=": Maldonado" authorityYear="1990" box="[1015,1099,1355,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FC49FABCFBDEFAC5" box="[1015,1099,1355,1378]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">A. maya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), moderately elongated with fine sculpturing basally (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D5082FFDB6461FED9FA98FE79FA20" authorityName="Bergroth" authorityYear="1898" box="[359,492,1391,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immundus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FED9FA98FE79FA20" box="[359,492,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">A. immundus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or greatly elongated and slightly twisted (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D5082FFDB6461FC15FA98FC63FA20" authorityName="Dispons" authorityYear="1971" box="[939,1014,1391,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipil">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FC15FA98FC63FA20" box="[939,1014,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">A. pipil</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D5082FFDB6461FB97FA98FB00FA21" authorityName=": Stal" authorityYear="1872" box="[1065,1173,1391,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FB97FA98FB00FA21" box="[1065,1173,1391,1414]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">A. venosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The number of peg-like endosomal denticles (
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FECBFA64FE1BFA0C" bold="true" box="[373,398,1427,1451]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">ed</emphasis>
|
||
) aligned longitudinally along the distal dorsal lobes of the endosoma (
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FBE0FA64FB14FA0C" bold="true" box="[1118,1153,1427,1451]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">ddl</emphasis>
|
||
) varies across the group. In some taxa, notably
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D5082FFDB6461FEE1FA40FE71FA68" authorityName="Bergroth" authorityYear="1898" box="[351,484,1463,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immundus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FEE1FA40FE71FA68" box="[351,484,1463,1487]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">A. immundus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D5082FFDB6461FDEAFA40FD54FA69" authorityName=": Stal" authorityYear="1872" box="[596,705,1463,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FDEAFA40FD54FA69" box="[596,705,1463,1486]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">A. venosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lateral sclerotizations of the endosoma (
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FBD6FA40FBECFA68" bold="true" box="[1128,1145,1463,1487]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">ls</emphasis>
|
||
) may be observed along the endosoma’s proximal dorsolateral surface. All scale bars represent 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B822B01FFDB6461FF79F9D6FB4AF99C" blockId="7.[151,1437,1569,1884]" box="[199,1247,1569,1596]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
|
||
Female: Small, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC586E4FFDB6461FE03F9D6FDBBF99C" box="[445,558,1569,1596]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.175" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" unit="mm" value="11.75">11.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, width across humeral angles about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC586E4FFDB6461FB8EF9D6FB01F99C" box="[1072,1172,1569,1595]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.47" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" unit="mm" value="3.47">3.47 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C327788AFFDB6461FF79F9B2FAF8F9F8" box="[199,1389,1605,1632]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B822B01FFDB6461FF79F9B2FAF8F9F8" blockId="7.[151,1437,1569,1884]" box="[199,1389,1605,1632]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FF79F9B2FEBEF9F8" bold="true" box="[199,299,1605,1631]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Biology:</emphasis>
|
||
This species has been collected from April to June at elevations ranging between 45–335 meters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C327788AFFDB6461FF79F99EFA07F924" box="[199,1426,1641,1667]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B822B01FFDB6461FF79F99EFA07F924" blockId="7.[151,1437,1569,1884]" box="[199,1426,1641,1667]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FF79F99EFEF6F924" bold="true" box="[199,355,1641,1667]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D5082FFDB6461FED4F99EFDB2F924" authorityName=": Maldonado" authorityYear="1990" box="[362,551,1641,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FED4F99EFDB2F924" box="[362,551,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Apiomerus maya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits the coastal lowlands of southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32A6B91FFDB6461FB97F99EFB14F924" box="[1065,1153,1641,1667]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32A6B91FFDB6461FB32F99EFB43F924" box="[1164,1238,1641,1667]" name="Belize" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32A6B91FFDB6461FAAFF99EFA1BF924" box="[1297,1422,1641,1667]" name="Guatemala" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C327788AFFDB6461FF79F97AFC8DF948" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B822B01FFDB6461FF79F97AFC8DF948" blockId="7.[151,1437,1569,1884]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FF79F97AFEDAF900" bold="true" box="[199,335,1677,1703]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
||
This species is represented by relatively few specimens compared to the other species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D5082FFDB6461FA3AF97AFF41F96C" authorityName=": Maldonado" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FA3AF97AFF41F96C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">A. maya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. It is easily separated from both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D5082FFDB6461FD5EF946FCA7F96C" authorityName="Dispons" authorityYear="1971" box="[736,818,1713,1739]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipil">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FD5EF946FCA7F96C" box="[736,818,1713,1739]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">A. pipil</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D5082FFDB6461FCD6F946FC4AF96C" authorityName=": Stal" authorityYear="1872" box="[872,991,1713,1739]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FCD6F946FC4AF96C" box="[872,991,1713,1739]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">A. venosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its small size, color, and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3D5082FFDB6461FAE6F946FF7BF948" authorityName="Bergroth" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Apiomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immundus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FAE6F946FF7BF948" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">A. immundus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the unique morphology of the male aedeagus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C327788AFFDB6461FF79F90EFC02F8FB" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B822B01FFDB6461FF79F90EFE6AF890" blockId="7.[151,1437,1569,1884]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FF79F90EFE6DF8B4" bold="true" box="[199,504,1785,1811]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Type material examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B55215CFFDB6461FDBCF90EFE6AF890" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3815679318" collectionCode="UCR, ISNB" collectorName="Rodriguez" country="Guatemala" location="GUATEMALA" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" specimenCode="ENT 00038047" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548695A3FFDB6461FDBCF90EFDFAF8B4" box="[514,623,1785,1811]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3BE088FFDB6461FDC2F90EFD06F8B4" box="[636,659,1785,1811]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FD1CF90EFCF7F8B4" bold="true" box="[674,866,1785,1811]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32A6B91FFDB6461FD1CF90EFCCBF8B4" box="[674,862,1785,1811]" name="Guatemala" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">GUATEMALA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
exact locality and date unknown, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="26C84ED7FFDB6461FA96F90EFA08F8B4" box="[1320,1437,1785,1811]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Rodriguez</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2CB3C4FFDB6461FF21F8EAFF4CF890" box="[159,217,1821,1847]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">UCR</collectionCode>
|
||
_
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9B837AFFDB6461FF59F8EAFE02F890" box="[231,407,1821,1847]" collectionCode="UCR" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">ENT 00038047</specimenCode>
|
||
) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2CB3C4FFDB6461FE10F8EAFE66F890" box="[430,499,1821,1847]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">ISNB</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B822B01FFDB6461FF79F8B6FC02F8FB" blockId="7.[151,1437,1569,1884]" box="[199,919,1857,1884]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<emphasis id="B949F713FFDB6461FF79F8B6FDDEF8FC" bold="true" box="[199,587,1857,1883]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Additional specimens examined:</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3BE088FFDB6461FDECF8B6FD06F8FC" box="[594,659,1857,1883]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3BE088FFDB6461FD21F8B6FD4BF8FC" box="[671,734,1857,1883]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(see Appendix).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |