157 lines
18 KiB
XML
157 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="A2D23C49BB0B15F0FF4DB0DFF1AE15E2" ID-CLB-Dataset="30029" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3fb6bb16-d9ff-4ca3-a474-86c4d1abdc95" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1253240" ID-ZooBank="50FBD8F3-327B-4562-B587-66180E329DB3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1527266783242" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira & Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz" docDate="2018" docId="038D3D37FF9DFF82C0E570706AFAF8F4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4422.4.4.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4422 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Aplidium constellatum" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="525" masterDocId="FFB4454FFF98FF84C07272376B61FFD8" masterDocTitle="Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967)" masterLastPageNumber="536" masterPageNumber="519" pageNumber="524" updateTime="1698545428781" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C88A5C1A42975A6B2CF4F8359F88A2C7">Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9DDD4E961722C1BC53385605A360DEEE">Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0115FC9E0B8BBA2BE5C65FE38BCD9F35">Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CA841EC48D4CF17C10BD8D41FFB8CF7F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C21A05D4636E663487DF4100C6DD5B5E">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7FB236B2897D01C511DED588AFCAF7A9">4422</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038D3D37FF9DFF82C0E570706AFAF8F4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5959092" ID-GBIF-Taxon="144128942" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5959092" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D3D37FF9DFF82C0E570706AFAF8F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D3D37FF9DFF82C0E570706AFAF8F4" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="525" pageId="5" pageNumber="524">
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<subSubSection id="C33EDFAAFF9DFF81C0E570706A4EFD5B" pageId="5" pageNumber="524" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF9DFF81C0E57070693EFDBA" blockId="5.[151,607,583,643]" box="[151,607,583,610]" pageId="5" pageNumber="524">
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<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF9DFF81C0E57070693EFDBA" authority="(Verrill, 1871)" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[151,607,583,610]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="constellatum">
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<emphasis id="B9505033FF9DFF81C0E57070693EFDBA" bold="true" box="[151,607,583,610]" pageId="5" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis id="B9505033FF9DFF81C0E570706AC8FDB9" bold="true" box="[151,425,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="524">Aplidium constellatum</emphasis>
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(Verrill, 1871)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF9DFF81C0E5705D6A4EFD5B" blockId="5.[151,607,583,643]" box="[151,303,618,643]" pageId="5" pageNumber="524">(Figuras 6, 7)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33EDFAAFF9DFF81C0E570846F8EF9EB" pageId="5" pageNumber="524" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF9DFF81C0E57084690DFD10" blockId="5.[151,766,690,743]" box="[151,620,690,712]" pageId="5" pageNumber="524">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB34AB0FFF9DFF81C0E57084690DFD10" box="[151,620,690,712]" pageId="5" pageNumber="524">
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<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF9DFF81C0E570846909FD10" authority="Verrill, 1871 a: 359" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="359" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,616,690,712]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Amaroucium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="constellatum">
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<emphasis id="B9505033FF9DFF81C0E570846AC1FD10" box="[151,416,690,712]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="524">Amaroucium constellatum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A85AA30FF9DFF81C1D570856909FD10" author="" box="[423,616,690,712]" page="359" pageId="5" pageNumber="524">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF9DFF81C1D570856954FD10" box="[423,565,690,712]" pageId="5" pageNumber="524" refId="ref7304" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1871 a) On the distribution of marine animals on the southern coast of New England. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 2, 359." type="journal article">Verrill, 1871a</bibRefCitation>
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: 359
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF9DFF81C0E570E66F8EF9EB" blockId="5.[151,766,690,743]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,1562,2019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="524">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB34AB0FFF9DFF81C0E570E66F8EF9EB" pageId="5" pageNumber="524">
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<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF9DFF81C0E570E6692AFD3F" authority="Monniot, 1983: 414" authorityName="Monniot" authorityPageNumber="414" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,587,721,743]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="constellatum">
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<emphasis id="B9505033FF9DFF81C0E570E66A1AFD3F" box="[151,379,721,743]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="524">Aplidium constellatum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A85AA30FF9DFF81C1F070E6692AFD3F" author="" box="[386,587,721,743]" page="414" pageId="5" pageNumber="524">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF9DFF81C1F070E6697AFD3F" box="[386,539,721,743]" pageId="5" pageNumber="524" refId="ref6755" refString="Monniot, F. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe III. Polyclinidae. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Series 4, 5, Section A (2), 413 - 422." type="journal article">Monniot, 1983</bibRefCitation>
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: 414
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(and synonymy).
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<emphasis id="B9505033FF9DFF81C0E5742D6AE4F9EB" bold="true" box="[151,389,1562,1587]" pageId="5" pageNumber="524">Examined material:</emphasis>
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collected in
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<date id="FF9AAAE1FF9DFF81C264742D69F6F9EB" box="[534,663,1562,1587]" pageId="5" pageNumber="524" value="1967-11-15">15/11/1967</date>
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, 26°24’N, 083°43’W,
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<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF9DFF81C3E3742C6880F9EA" box="[913,993,1563,1587]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.32" pageId="5" pageNumber="524" unit="m" value="73.2">73.2 m</quantity>
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, specimen # EJ-67-354.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF5BDCA9FF9DFF81C0E577E06888FA35" box="[151,1001,1495,1517]" pageId="5" pageNumber="524">
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<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF9DFF81C0E577E06888FA35" blockId="5.[151,1001,1495,1517]" box="[151,1001,1495,1517]" pageId="5" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis id="B9505033FF9DFF81C0E577E06A73FA34" bold="true" box="[151,274,1495,1517]" pageId="5" pageNumber="524">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF9DFF81C16B77E06A9FFA35" authorityName="Monniot" authorityYear="1983" box="[281,510,1495,1517]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="524" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="constellatum">
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<emphasis id="B9505033FF9DFF81C16B77E06A9FFA35" box="[281,510,1495,1517]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="524">Aplidium constellatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Scale of 1 cm—Preserved material in formalin.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C33EDFAAFF9DFF82C0B57409699DFE98" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="525" pageId="5" pageNumber="524" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF9DFF81C0B57409689FF947" blockId="5.[151,1437,1562,2019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="524">
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<emphasis id="B9505033FF9DFF81C0B574096A3AF98F" bold="true" box="[199,347,1598,1623]" pageId="5" pageNumber="524">Description:</emphasis>
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The colony is formed by two lobules with rounded borders,
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<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF9DFF81C46274086F3FF98E" box="[1040,1118,1599,1623]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="524" unit="cm" value="1.9">1.9 cm</quantity>
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and
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<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF9DFF81C4E574086F85F98E" box="[1175,1252,1599,1623]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="524" unit="cm" value="4.9">4.9 cm</quantity>
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high, stemming from a broad base with some sediment included. Tunic cream colored with a soft gelatinous consistency. Colony surface sediment free and very irregular with undistinguished zooids systems.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF9DFF82C0B5749D699DFE98" blockId="5.[151,1437,1562,2019]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,320]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="525" pageId="5" pageNumber="524">
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||
Zooids slender and contracted with average length of
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||
<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF9DFF81C369749C681FF91A" box="[795,894,1707,1731]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="7.3">7.30 mm</quantity>
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(length range–thorax plus abdomen =
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||
<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF9DFF81C55E749D6BA7F93E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.89" metricValueMax="2.24" metricValueMin="1.54" pageId="5" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="1.89" valueMax="2.24" valueMin="1.54">1.54–2.24 mm</quantity>
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; post-abdomen = 3.8
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||
<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF9DFF81C1CF74F96927F93F" box="[445,582,1742,1767]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="5.3" valueMax="6.6" valueMin="4.0">4–6.60 mm</quantity>
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). Branchial siphon between
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<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF9DFF81C3E674F96F5DF93E" box="[916,1084,1742,1767]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="0.145" valueMax="0.16" valueMin="0.13">0.13–0.16 mm</quantity>
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and six rounded lobes. Atrial opening located between the third and fourth rows of stigmata, slightly rounded and relatively broad when compared with species of the same genus. Atrial languet is simple and very short, up to
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<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF9DFF81C40575206FBDF8F6" box="[1143,1244,1815,1839]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="0.21">0.21 mm</quantity>
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long. Around 20 muscular bundles, longitudinal and parallel, reaching the post-abdomen. Pharynx with 13 to 14 stigmata rows. It was not possible to observe the number of stigmata on each side. Very short esophagus. Stomach strongly flattened in the anterior and posterior ends, with 22 to 25 longitudinal continuous or interrupted folds. The stomach and esophagus size together is equal to almost half the length of the abdomen. Posterior stomach present. Anal opening located between the height of the eight and tenth stigmata rows. Abdomen and post-abdomen without a constriction between them. Gonads were well developed in the zooids, and testicular follicles could occupy nearly all postabdomen. Ovary located near the intestinal loop, composed of oocytes with different sizes. The posterior portion of the thorax may hold up to two embryos. Larvae up to
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<quantity id="4CDC21C4FF9EFF82C28372E86834FF2F" box="[753,853,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" unit="mm" value="0.64">0.64 mm</quantity>
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in length and a tail wound less than halfway around the trunk, three adhesive papillae with long and thin peduncles, without conspicuous ampullae, and few epidermal vesicles distributed in the anterior portion of the trunk.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF5BDCA9FF9EFF82C0E577C96BA7F9EA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1253248/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" startId="6.[151,250,1534,1556]" targetBox="[416,1197,399,1508]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF9EFF82C0E577C96BA7F9EA" blockId="6.[151,1436,1534,1586]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
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<emphasis id="B9505033FF9EFF82C0E577C96A74F9CB" bold="true" box="[151,277,1534,1556]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF9EFF82C16C77C96965F9CC" authorityName="Monniot" authorityYear="1983" box="[286,516,1534,1556]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="constellatum">
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||
<emphasis id="B9505033FF9EFF82C16C77C96965F9CC" box="[286,516,1534,1556]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Aplidium constellatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A—thorax and abdomen; B—thorax, abdomen and post-abdomen. Scale: A and B = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33EDFAAFF9EFF82C0B574686AFAF8F4" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9B8C21FF9EFF82C0B574686AFAF8F4" blockId="6.[151,1437,1631,1836]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
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<emphasis id="B9505033FF9EFF82C0B574686A5AF9A0" bold="true" box="[199,315,1631,1656]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The original description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C24F7A2FF9EFF82C2F5746868E9F9AF" authorityName="Monniot" authorityYear="1983" box="[647,904,1631,1655]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="constellatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9505033FF9EFF82C2F5746868E9F9AF" box="[647,904,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Aplidium constellatum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is fairly succinct; however, later descriptions included the presence of 10 to 13 rows of stigmata (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF9EFF82C29574B368CBF944" box="[743,938,1667,1692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" refId="ref7237" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American Ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article">Van Name, 1945</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF9EFF82C3CA74B46F02F944" box="[952,1123,1667,1692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" refId="ref6755" refString="Monniot, F. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe III. Polyclinidae. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Series 4, 5, Section A (2), 413 - 422." type="journal article">Monniot, 1983</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Some of the zooids in the Gulf of
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<collectingCountry id="F333CCB1FF9EFF82C09D74906A25F918" box="[239,324,1703,1728]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">
|
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<collectingRegion id="49E042C3FF9EFF82C09D74906A25F918" box="[239,324,1703,1728]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="525">Mexico</collectingRegion>
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</collectingCountry>
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material had 14 stigmata rows, but we do not believe this discrepancy is within the expected range. The number of folds in the stomach described here coincided with those observed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF9EFF82C43E74FB6E74F93C" box="[1100,1301,1739,1764]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" refId="ref7237" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American Ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article">Van Name (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In contrast,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5F1D0FF9EFF82C0E574D86A2DF8D0" box="[151,332,1775,1800]" pageId="6" pageNumber="525" refId="ref6755" refString="Monniot, F. (1983) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe III. Polyclinidae. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Series 4, 5, Section A (2), 413 - 422." type="journal article">Monniot (1983)</bibRefCitation>
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observed only 15 to 20 longitudinal folds in the stomach, pointing to a larger variation of this feature for this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |