303 lines
44 KiB
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303 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document id="098DCCBEF4DAF05475080B5BCD3FFD1A" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.191734" ID-GBIF-Dataset="43dd65df-a474-4fe7-88d8-0f2dc0f1191b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="191734" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461131601829" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Marshall, Andrea D., Compagno, Leonard J. V. & Bennett, Michael B." docDate="2009" docId="038D2C59FFC9095FFF79FB82ED7DFAB3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02301p028.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2301" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Manta cf. birostris" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FFB45421FFDC0948FFEEFF87E97CFFD3" masterDocTitle="Redescription of the genus Manta with resurrection of Manta alfredi (Krefft, 1868) (Chondrichthyes; Myliobatoidei; Mobulidae)" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1698597910142" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="186FDED41FCFEBDA89BF830BC242A427">Redescription of the genus Manta with resurrection of Manta alfredi (Krefft, 1868) (Chondrichthyes; Myliobatoidei; Mobulidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5D3F46041BB8D96946C99106188BB38C">Marshall, Andrea D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B14C65F65D2CE6BCB8D7FD96E5AC761D">Compagno, Leonard J. V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F7B28DE0A6F89037620AD8EE4BD4A59E">Bennett, Michael B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="42D016441337E0F0518CC0FB4F101687">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="22C5DD874D191E89D775E868EABB9B0D">2301</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038D2C59FFC9095FFF79FB82ED7DFAB3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5626489" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119627207" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5626489" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038D2C59FFC9095FFF79FB82ED7DFAB3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D2C59FFC9095FFF79FB82ED7DFAB3" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection id="C33ECEC4FFC9095DFF79FB82E8DDFBCC" box="[151,417,1029,1055]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFC9095DFF79FB82E8DDFBCC" blockId="21.[151,417,1029,1055]" box="[151,417,1029,1055]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="D0D32A23FFC9095DFF79FB82E8DDFBCC" bold="true" box="[151,417,1029,1055]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFC9095DFF79FB82E8DDFBCC" box="[151,417,1029,1055]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cf. birostris">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFC9095DFF79FB82E8DDFBCC" bold="true" box="[151,417,1029,1055]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFC9095DFF79FB82E99BFBCC" bold="true" box="[151,231,1029,1055]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Manta</emphasis>
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sp. cf.
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFC9095DFED3FB82E8DDFBCC" bold="true" box="[317,417,1029,1055]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">birostris</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33ECEC4FFC9095DFF79FBC8EA34FBBA" box="[151,840,1103,1129]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFC9095DFF79FBC8EA34FBBA" blockId="21.[151,1437,1103,2019]" box="[151,840,1103,1129]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFC9095DFF79FBC8E8F5FBBA" bold="true" box="[151,393,1103,1129]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Selected synonymy.</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A85BB5EFFC9095DFE7FFBC8EA34FBBA" box="[401,840,1103,1129]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFC9095DFE7FFBC8EA38FBBA" authority="Lesueur, 1824" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1824" box="[401,836,1103,1129]" class="Aves" family="Cotingidae" genus="Cephalopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="giorna">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFC9095DFE7FFBC8EBEEFBBB" box="[401,658,1103,1128]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Cephalopterus giorna</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5E0BEFFC9095DFD74FBC8EA38FBBA" author="Lesueur" box="[666,836,1103,1129]" pageId="21" pageNumber="27" refString="Lesueur, C. A. (1824) Description of several species of the Linnaean genus Raia, of North America. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 4, 100 - 121." type="journal article" year="1824">Lesueur, 1824</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33ECEC4FFC9095DFF28FBF2EA06FB43" box="[198,890,1141,1168]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFC9095DFF28FBF2EA06FB43" blockId="21.[151,1437,1103,2019]" box="[198,890,1141,1168]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFC9095DFF28FBF2E8E4FB5C" bold="true" box="[198,408,1141,1167]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Common names.</emphasis>
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Atlantic
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<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFC9095DFDEBFBF1EB07FB43" authority="Ray" authorityName="Ray" box="[517,635,1142,1168]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">manta ray</taxonomicName>
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, Caribbean
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<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFC9095DFCE8FBF1EA06FB43" authority="Ray" authorityName="Ray" box="[774,890,1142,1168]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">manta ray</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33ECEC4FFC9095DFF28FB1BEC63FA16" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFC9095DFF28FB1BE84CFA4D" blockId="21.[151,1437,1103,2019]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFC9095DFF28FB1BE83AFB65" bold="true" box="[198,326,1180,1206]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Overall body shape and size similar to
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFC9095DFCABFB1AEAA0FB65" box="[837,988,1181,1206]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFC9095DFCABFB1AEAABFB65" box="[837,983,1181,1206]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">M. birostris</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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although differences in colouration, denticles and dentition occur. Maximum disc width over
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<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFC9095DFCC1FB44EADFFB0E" box="[815,931,1219,1245]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="6000.0">6000 mm</quantity>
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. Slender whip-like tail with reduced caudal spine predominantly encased in a calcified mass present on the dorsum of tail immediately posterior to the dorsal fin. Small, knob-like dermal denticles occur on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces, which are nonoverlapping but densely and non-uniformly distributed. Ventral surface has slightly larger denticles. Terminal mouth with tooth band on lower jaw comprising 77% of total jaw width and containing 9–11 rows of small cusped teeth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFC9095DFF28FA2CEC63FA16" blockId="21.[151,1437,1103,2019]" box="[198,1311,1451,1477]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B950415DFFC9095DFF28FA2CE8EDFA16" bold="true" box="[198,401,1451,1477]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Morphometrics.</emphasis>
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See
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5E0BEFFC9095DFE24FA2CEA4FFA16" author="Bigelow" box="[458,819,1451,1477]" pageId="21" pageNumber="27" refString="Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1953) Sawfish, guitarfish, skates and rays. In: Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (Eds) Fishes of the Western North Atlantic, Part 2. Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale University, New Haven, pp. 508 - 514." type="book chapter" year="1953">Bigelow and Schroeder (1953)</bibRefCitation>
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for limited morphological measurements.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33ECEC4FFC9095FFF28FA56E81FFAC0" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFC9095DFF28FA56E840F907" blockId="21.[151,1437,1103,2019]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFC9095DFF28FA56E819FA38" bold="true" box="[198,357,1489,1515]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Colouration.</emphasis>
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Dorsal surface black in colouration, although sometimes noted to be reddish to brown in colour (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5E0BEFFC9095DFF1EFA7FE8E9F9C1" author="Lesueur" box="[240,405,1528,1554]" pageId="21" pageNumber="27" refString="Lesueur, C. A. (1824) Description of several species of the Linnaean genus Raia, of North America. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 4, 100 - 121." type="journal article" year="1824">Lesueur 1824</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5E0BEFFC9095DFE4FFA7FEB38F9C1" author="Mitchill" box="[417,580,1528,1554]" pageId="21" pageNumber="28" refString="Mitchill, S. L. (1824) Description of a new and gigantic species of the genus Cephalopterus of Dumeril. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 23 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1824">Mitchill 1824</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5E0BEFFC9095DFDBEFA7FEB86F9C1" author="Bancroft" box="[592,762,1528,1554]" pageId="21" pageNumber="26" refString="Bancroft, E. N. (1829) On the fish known in Jamaica as the Sea-devil. In: Vigors, N. A. (Ed) The Zoological Journal Vol. 4. Phillips Publishing, London, pp. 444 - 457." type="book" year="1829">Bancroft 1829</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5E0BEFFC9095DFCE8FA7FEAF1F9C1" author="Coles" box="[774,909,1528,1554]" pageId="21" pageNumber="27" refString="Coles, R. J. (1916) Natural history notes on the devil-fish, Manta birostris (Walbaum) and Mobula olfersi (Muller). Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, 35, 649 - 657." type="journal article" year="1916">Coles 1916</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB5E0BEFFC9095DFC74FA7FED8CF9C1" author="Bigelow" box="[922,1264,1528,1554]" pageId="21" pageNumber="27" refString="Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1953) Sawfish, guitarfish, skates and rays. In: Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (Eds) Fishes of the Western North Atlantic, Part 2. Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale University, New Haven, pp. 508 - 514." type="book chapter" year="1953">Bigelow and Schroeder 1953</bibRefCitation>
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, Notarbartolodi-Sciara and Hillyer 1989), with or without distinct shoulder patches (
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<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFC9095DFC21F998ED58F9EA" box="[975,1060,1567,1593]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[228,1361,159,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[228,1362,159,1872]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Characteristics and differences in Manta sp. cf. birostris: Variation in dorsal supra-branchial shoulder patch markings on individuals from: (a) Bahamas (b) Holbox, Mexico; and variation in the ventral markings (c) Bahamas (d) Florida, USA, (e) dentition mid-band, (f) skin and denticle morphology (g-h) cartilaginous mass on tail with embedded spine (entire structure was 70 mm total length, 29 mm wide, and 28 mm in height and has a mass of 41.5 grams)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191748/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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a,b). When present, white dorsal shoulder patches occur on each side of a darker midline. When present, shape of the shoulder patches are approximately triangular in shape with posterior facing hook on the anterior distal side (
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<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFC9095DFB54F9EBEC6EF955" box="[1210,1298,1644,1670]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[228,1361,159,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[228,1362,159,1872]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Characteristics and differences in Manta sp. cf. birostris: Variation in dorsal supra-branchial shoulder patch markings on individuals from: (a) Bahamas (b) Holbox, Mexico; and variation in the ventral markings (c) Bahamas (d) Florida, USA, (e) dentition mid-band, (f) skin and denticle morphology (g-h) cartilaginous mass on tail with embedded spine (entire structure was 70 mm total length, 29 mm wide, and 28 mm in height and has a mass of 41.5 grams)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191748/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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a). Anterior edge of shoulder patches runs medially from spiracle in an approximately straight line parallel to the edge of the upper jaw.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFC9095DFF28F967EBBCF830" blockId="21.[151,1437,1103,2019]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Ventral surface cream to white in colouration, including mouth (
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<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFC9095DFC54F967ED6DF929" box="[954,1041,1760,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[228,1361,159,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[228,1362,159,1872]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Characteristics and differences in Manta sp. cf. birostris: Variation in dorsal supra-branchial shoulder patch markings on individuals from: (a) Bahamas (b) Holbox, Mexico; and variation in the ventral markings (c) Bahamas (d) Florida, USA, (e) dentition mid-band, (f) skin and denticle morphology (g-h) cartilaginous mass on tail with embedded spine (entire structure was 70 mm total length, 29 mm wide, and 28 mm in height and has a mass of 41.5 grams)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191748/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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c,d). Dark grey to black spots and patches are present only on the posterior section of the pectoral fins (posterior to the fifth gill slit) and often centralized on the abdominal region (
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<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFC9095DFDA2F8A9EBD8F89B" box="[588,676,1838,1864]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[228,1361,159,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[228,1362,159,1872]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Characteristics and differences in Manta sp. cf. birostris: Variation in dorsal supra-branchial shoulder patch markings on individuals from: (a) Bahamas (b) Holbox, Mexico; and variation in the ventral markings (c) Bahamas (d) Florida, USA, (e) dentition mid-band, (f) skin and denticle morphology (g-h) cartilaginous mass on tail with embedded spine (entire structure was 70 mm total length, 29 mm wide, and 28 mm in height and has a mass of 41.5 grams)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191748/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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c,d). Spots do not occur medially between the five gill slits (
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<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFC9095DFA82F8A9E9CBF8BD" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[228,1361,159,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[228,1362,159,1872]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Characteristics and differences in Manta sp. cf. birostris: Variation in dorsal supra-branchial shoulder patch markings on individuals from: (a) Bahamas (b) Holbox, Mexico; and variation in the ventral markings (c) Bahamas (d) Florida, USA, (e) dentition mid-band, (f) skin and denticle morphology (g-h) cartilaginous mass on tail with embedded spine (entire structure was 70 mm total length, 29 mm wide, and 28 mm in height and has a mass of 41.5 grams)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191748/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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). Small black semi-circular spots posterior to the fifth gill slits present (
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<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFC9095DFC11F8D3ED2AF8BD" box="[1023,1110,1876,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[228,1361,159,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[228,1362,159,1872]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Characteristics and differences in Manta sp. cf. birostris: Variation in dorsal supra-branchial shoulder patch markings on individuals from: (a) Bahamas (b) Holbox, Mexico; and variation in the ventral markings (c) Bahamas (d) Florida, USA, (e) dentition mid-band, (f) skin and denticle morphology (g-h) cartilaginous mass on tail with embedded spine (entire structure was 70 mm total length, 29 mm wide, and 28 mm in height and has a mass of 41.5 grams)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191748/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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c,d). Light to dark charcoalcoloured margin present along the posterior edges of the pectoral fins. Charcoal-coloured margins sometimes terminate mid-fin or sometimes stretch almost the entire length of each pectoral fin but are not always in a distinct “V” shape as in
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<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFC9095DFE5DF84EEB40F831" box="[435,572,1993,2018]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFC9095DFE5DF84EEB40F831" box="[435,572,1993,2018]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">M. birostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFC9095DFDA2F84EEBDEF830" box="[588,674,1993,2019]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[228,1361,159,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[228,1362,159,1872]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Characteristics and differences in Manta sp. cf. birostris: Variation in dorsal supra-branchial shoulder patch markings on individuals from: (a) Bahamas (b) Holbox, Mexico; and variation in the ventral markings (c) Bahamas (d) Florida, USA, (e) dentition mid-band, (f) skin and denticle morphology (g-h) cartilaginous mass on tail with embedded spine (entire structure was 70 mm total length, 29 mm wide, and 28 mm in height and has a mass of 41.5 grams)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191748/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5BCDC7FFCA095EFF79F8E7EC31F833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191748/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" targetBox="[228,1361,159,1871]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFCA095EFF79F8E7EC31F833" blockId="22.[151,1436,1888,2016]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCA095EFF79F8E7E85AF8AB" bold="true" box="[151,294,1888,1912]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
|
||
Characteristics and differences in
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCA095EFD7AF8E6EA01F8AB" box="[660,893,1889,1912]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCA095EFD7AF8E6EBA5F8AB" box="[660,729,1889,1912]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Manta</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCA095EFCEDF8E6EA01F8AB" box="[771,893,1889,1912]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">cf. birostris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Variation in dorsal supra-branchial shoulder patch markings on individuals from: (a) Bahamas (b) Holbox, Mexico; and variation in the ventral markings (c) Bahamas (d) Florida, USA, (e) dentition mid-band, (f) skin and denticle morphology (g-h) cartilaginous mass on tail with embedded spine (entire structure was 70 mm total length, 29 mm wide, and 28 mm in height and has a mass of 41.5 grams).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFCB095FFF28FF10E8F6FEA0" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1376]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCB095FFF28FF10E83FFF62" bold="true" box="[198,323,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Dentition.</emphasis>
|
||
Tooth band on lower jaw comprising 77% of total jaw width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFCB095FFBF2FF1FED0DFF61" box="[1052,1137,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[228,1361,159,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[228,1362,159,1872]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Characteristics and differences in Manta sp. cf. birostris: Variation in dorsal supra-branchial shoulder patch markings on individuals from: (a) Bahamas (b) Holbox, Mexico; and variation in the ventral markings (c) Bahamas (d) Florida, USA, (e) dentition mid-band, (f) skin and denticle morphology (g-h) cartilaginous mass on tail with embedded spine (entire structure was 70 mm total length, 29 mm wide, and 28 mm in height and has a mass of 41.5 grams)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191748/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
e). Tooth band containing 9–11 rows of small cusped teeth (approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCB095FFD0FFF39EA41FF0B" box="[737,829,190,216]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length) Each tooth has a bulbous root, which is embedded in the dental ligament and freestanding stalk that ends in a curved cusp that forms the occlusal surface and is oriented to face the lingual side of the jaw. Teeth in the tooth band do not overlap (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFCB095FFAC9FE8BEC03FEF5" box="[1319,1407,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[228,1361,159,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[228,1362,159,1872]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Characteristics and differences in Manta sp. cf. birostris: Variation in dorsal supra-branchial shoulder patch markings on individuals from: (a) Bahamas (b) Holbox, Mexico; and variation in the ventral markings (c) Bahamas (d) Florida, USA, (e) dentition mid-band, (f) skin and denticle morphology (g-h) cartilaginous mass on tail with embedded spine (entire structure was 70 mm total length, 29 mm wide, and 28 mm in height and has a mass of 41.5 grams)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191748/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
e). Tooth band absent in upper jaw but sparsely distributed small denticles are present in upper jaw, similar to those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCB095FFF14FEDEE8FFFEA1" box="[250,387,345,370]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCB095FFF14FEDEE8FFFEA1" box="[250,387,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. birostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFCB095FFF28FEF8EA49FD88" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1376]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCB095FFF28FEF8E843FE4A" bold="true" box="[198,319,383,409]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Denticles.</emphasis>
|
||
Prominent dermal denticles present on both the dorsal and ventral surfaces are non-overlapping but densly and non-uniformly packed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFCB095FFD89FE21EBC3FE13" box="[615,703,422,448]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[228,1361,159,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[228,1362,159,1872]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Characteristics and differences in Manta sp. cf. birostris: Variation in dorsal supra-branchial shoulder patch markings on individuals from: (a) Bahamas (b) Holbox, Mexico; and variation in the ventral markings (c) Bahamas (d) Florida, USA, (e) dentition mid-band, (f) skin and denticle morphology (g-h) cartilaginous mass on tail with embedded spine (entire structure was 70 mm total length, 29 mm wide, and 28 mm in height and has a mass of 41.5 grams)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191748/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
f). Unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCB095FFCD7FE20EAB8FE13" box="[825,964,423,448]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCB095FFCD7FE20EAB8FE13" box="[825,964,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. birostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the denticles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCB095FFB7AFE20ED9DFE13" box="[1172,1249,423,448]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCB095FFB7AFE20ED9DFE13" box="[1172,1249,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Manta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCB095FFAFDFE20ECE0FE13" box="[1299,1436,423,448]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCB095FFAFDFE20ECE0FE13" box="[1299,1436,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">cf. birostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not distributed along sagittally oriented ridges in the skin. Denticles on the dorsal and ventral surfaces are oriented in an antero-posterior direction and are similar in appearance and distribution, with slightly larger denticles on the ventral surface. Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCB095FFDA2FD9DEBC3FDE0" box="[588,703,538,563]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCB095FFDA2FD9DEBC3FDE0" box="[588,703,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. alfredi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, each denticle comprises a stellate base (which is embedded in the skin) with a dorso-laterally elongated emergent knob.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFCB095FFF28FDE0EACBFC43" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1376]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCB095FFF28FDE0E80DFD52" bold="true" box="[198,369,615,641]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Caudal spine.</emphasis>
|
||
Spine with serrated lateral edges embedded in a large mass of highly mineralised cartilage, similar to that described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCB095FFE04FD08EBC9FD7B" box="[490,693,655,680]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Mobula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCB095FFE04FD08EBC9FD7B" box="[490,693,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Mobula japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Notobartolo-di.Sciara 1987) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCB095FFBBFFD08EDA1FD7B" box="[1105,1245,655,680]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCB095FFBBFFD08EDA1FD7B" box="[1105,1245,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. birostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Calcified mass with embedded spine located on the dorsum of tail immediately posterior to dorsal fin and is encased by a thin layer of dermis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFCB095FFEB9FD5BE8D1FD25" box="[343,429,732,758]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[228,1361,159,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[228,1362,159,1872]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Characteristics and differences in Manta sp. cf. birostris: Variation in dorsal supra-branchial shoulder patch markings on individuals from: (a) Bahamas (b) Holbox, Mexico; and variation in the ventral markings (c) Bahamas (d) Florida, USA, (e) dentition mid-band, (f) skin and denticle morphology (g-h) cartilaginous mass on tail with embedded spine (entire structure was 70 mm total length, 29 mm wide, and 28 mm in height and has a mass of 41.5 grams)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191748/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCB095FFE60FD5BE8D1FD25" box="[398,429,732,758]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="g" value="16.0">16</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
g). Calcified mass (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFCB095FFD60FD5BEB9EFD25" box="[654,738,732,758]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[228,1361,159,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[228,1362,159,1872]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Characteristics and differences in Manta sp. cf. birostris: Variation in dorsal supra-branchial shoulder patch markings on individuals from: (a) Bahamas (b) Holbox, Mexico; and variation in the ventral markings (c) Bahamas (d) Florida, USA, (e) dentition mid-band, (f) skin and denticle morphology (g-h) cartilaginous mass on tail with embedded spine (entire structure was 70 mm total length, 29 mm wide, and 28 mm in height and has a mass of 41.5 grams)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191748/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
h) lacks attachment via collagenous connective tissue to tail and easily detaches if skin is removed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFCB095FFD87FC85EBBCFCCF" box="[617,704,770,796]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="22.[151,255,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[228,1361,159,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[228,1362,159,1872]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 16. Characteristics and differences in Manta sp. cf. birostris: Variation in dorsal supra-branchial shoulder patch markings on individuals from: (a) Bahamas (b) Holbox, Mexico; and variation in the ventral markings (c) Bahamas (d) Florida, USA, (e) dentition mid-band, (f) skin and denticle morphology (g-h) cartilaginous mass on tail with embedded spine (entire structure was 70 mm total length, 29 mm wide, and 28 mm in height and has a mass of 41.5 grams)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191748/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCB095FFD4EFC85EBBCFCCF" box="[672,704,770,796]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="g" value="16.0">16</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
g). Spine appears to have an enameloid exterior and is slender in shape, approximately 6.9% of the width of the calcified cartilage mass. Tip of spine projects only approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCB095FFEBCFCD7E8CCFCB9" box="[338,432,848,874]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
out from the surrounding mass. The calcified mass extracted from the specimen examined (male
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCB095FFEB4FCF1E8B6FC43" box="[346,458,886,912]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4799999999999995" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="3480.0">3480 mm</quantity>
|
||
DW) was 4.5% of the total DL of the ray.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFCB095FFF28FC1AED35FBD7" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1376]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCB095FFF28FC1AE87CFC64" bold="true" box="[198,256,925,951]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Size.</emphasis>
|
||
Dissected specimens measured up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCB095FFD2DFC1AEA48FC64" box="[707,820,925,951]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.695" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="4695.0">4695 mm</quantity>
|
||
DW but estimates of the largest individuals sighted in the field were over
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCB095FFE77FC43EB75FC0D" box="[409,521,964,990]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="6000.0">6000 mm</quantity>
|
||
DW (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5E0BEFFCB095FFDBEFC43EBA7FC0D" author="Coles" box="[592,731,964,990]" pageId="23" pageNumber="27" refString="Coles, R. J. (1916) Natural history notes on the devil-fish, Manta birostris (Walbaum) and Mobula olfersi (Muller). Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, 35, 649 - 657." type="journal article" year="1916">Coles 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is not known at what size
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCB095FFBD4FC43EDFBFC0E" box="[1082,1159,964,989]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCB095FFBD4FC43EDFBFC0E" box="[1082,1159,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Manta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCB095FFB58FC43EC40FC0E" box="[1206,1340,964,989]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCB095FFB58FC43EC40FC0E" box="[1206,1340,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">cf. birostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reaches maturity however males up to at least
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCB095FFDBBFC6DEBB9FBD7" box="[597,709,1002,1028]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4799999999999995" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="3480.0">3480 mm</quantity>
|
||
DW were found to be immature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFCB095FFF28FB97E81FFAC0" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1376]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCB095FFF28FB97EB77FBF9" bold="true" box="[198,523,1040,1066]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCB095FFDF6FB96EB19FBF9" box="[536,613,1041,1066]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCB095FFDF6FB96EB19FBF9" box="[536,613,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Manta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCB095FFD71FB96EA57FBF9" box="[671,811,1041,1066]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCB095FFD71FB96EA57FBF9" box="[671,811,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">cf. birostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be endemic to the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131F81CAFFCB095FFECEFBBFE814FB81" box="[288,360,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,256,1959,1983]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,1347,1934]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[313,1273,1320,1937]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Worldwide distribution of Manta from preliminary analysis (n = 2231 images from over 100 aggregation sites and sighting records)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191741/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Commonly sighted along productive coastlines with regular upwelling and island groups (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5E0BEFFCB095FFF71FBD9E836FBAB" author="Lesueur" box="[159,330,1118,1144]" pageId="23" pageNumber="27" refString="Lesueur, C. A. (1824) Description of several species of the Linnaean genus Raia, of North America. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 4, 100 - 121." type="journal article" year="1824">Lesueur 1824</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5E0BEFFCB095FFEB9FBD9EB7CFBAB" author="Mitchill" box="[343,512,1118,1144]" pageId="23" pageNumber="28" refString="Mitchill, S. L. (1824) Description of a new and gigantic species of the genus Cephalopterus of Dumeril. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 23 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1824">Mitchill 1824</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5E0BEFFCB095FFDE3FBD9EBC2FBAB" author="Bancroft" box="[525,702,1118,1144]" pageId="23" pageNumber="26" refString="Bancroft, E. N. (1829) On the fish known in Jamaica as the Sea-devil. In: Vigors, N. A. (Ed) The Zoological Journal Vol. 4. Phillips Publishing, London, pp. 444 - 457." type="book" year="1829">Bancroft 1829</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5E0BEFFCB095FFD25FBD9EA2BFBAB" author="Coles" box="[715,855,1118,1144]" pageId="23" pageNumber="27" refString="Coles, R. J. (1916) Natural history notes on the devil-fish, Manta birostris (Walbaum) and Mobula olfersi (Muller). Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, 35, 649 - 657." type="journal article" year="1916">Coles 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5E0BEFFCB095FFC8BFBD9EDB5FBAB" author="Bigelow" box="[869,1225,1118,1144]" pageId="23" pageNumber="27" refString="Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (1953) Sawfish, guitarfish, skates and rays. In: Bigelow, H. B. & Schroeder, W. C. (Eds) Fishes of the Western North Atlantic, Part 2. Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale University, New Haven, pp. 508 - 514." type="book chapter" year="1953">Bigelow and Schroeder 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Notarbartolo-di- Sciara and Hillyer 1989,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5E0BEFFCB095FFE52FB02EBFCFB4C" author="Compagno" box="[444,640,1157,1183]" pageId="23" pageNumber="27" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) Systematics and body form. In: Hamlett, W. C. (Eds) Sharks, Skates, and Rays: the Biology of Elasmobranch Fishes. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, pp. 1 - 42." type="book chapter" year="1999">Compagno 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCB095FFD63FB02EB89FB4C" box="[653,757,1157,1183]" name="Marshall Islands" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Marshall</collectingCountry>
|
||
2009).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCB095FFCA1FB02EAE7FB4D" box="[847,923,1157,1182]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCB095FFCA1FB02EAE7FB4D" box="[847,923,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Manta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCB095FFC25FB02ED2DFB4D" box="[971,1105,1157,1182]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCB095FFC25FB02ED2DFB4D" box="[971,1105,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">cf. birostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs as far north as North Carolina (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB5E0BEFFCB095FFEFFFB2BE8E3FB15" author="Coles" box="[273,415,1196,1222]" pageId="23" pageNumber="27" refString="Coles, R. J. (1916) Natural history notes on the devil-fish, Manta birostris (Walbaum) and Mobula olfersi (Muller). Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, 35, 649 - 657." type="journal article" year="1916">Coles 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and as far south as
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCB095FFD4EFB2BEA61FB15" box="[672,797,1196,1222]" name="Venezuela" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Notarbartolo-di-Sciara and Hillyer 1989). In some locations, including within many parts of the Caribbean,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCB095FFCD7FB54EAFAFB3F" box="[825,902,1235,1260]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCB095FFCD7FB54EAFAFB3F" box="[825,902,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Manta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCB095FFC59FB54ED41FB3F" box="[951,1085,1235,1260]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCB095FFC59FB54ED41FB3F" box="[951,1085,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">cf. birostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to occur in sympatry with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C24E6CCFFCB095FFF3CFB7EE827FAC1" box="[210,347,1273,1298]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Manta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCB095FFF3CFB7EE827FAC1" box="[210,347,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. birostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33ECEC4FFCB095FFF28FA98ED7DFAB3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9B9D4FFFCB095FFF28FA98ED7DFAB3" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1376]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B950415DFFCB095FFF28FA98EB5DFAEA" bold="true" box="[198,545,1311,1337]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Material examined (n = 1).</emphasis>
|
||
Immature male killed in
|
||
<date id="FF9ABB8FFFCB095FFCB4FAA7EAA9FAE9" box="[858,981,1312,1338]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" value="1949-06">
|
||
June
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCB095FFC74FAA7EAA9FAE9" box="[922,981,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95046" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="in" value="1949.0">1949</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in Bimini,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F333DDDFFFCB095FFB8AFAA7EDACFAE9" box="[1124,1232,1312,1338]" name="Bahamas" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CDC30AAFFCB095FFB0CFAA7EC2BFAE9" box="[1250,1367,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4799999999999995" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="3480.0">3480 mm</quantity>
|
||
DW) examined at the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED35058AFFCB095FFCB3FAC1EAE3FAB3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" box="[861,927,1350,1376]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||
37005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |