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<document id="B9A4D72056B5256E197659A27855678D" ID-CLB-Dataset="257032" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.593.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ef558f00-24a4-4671-bf56-df3c1d61ecd1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7875089" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1682061103176" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jovanovska, Elena, Wilson, Mallory C., Hamilton, Paul B. &amp; Stone, Jeffery" docDate="2023" docId="038487E2FF8C2610BCF1FF0ABD2C74F4" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.593.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 593 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.593.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.3:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Diploneis distinctebipunctata Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="83" masterDocId="FFBDFF9AFFDE2642BC79FF97B8647004" masterDocTitle="Morphological and molecular characterization of twenty-five new Diploneis species (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Tanganyika and its surrounding areas" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="83" updateTime="1701997692291" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="A6B89E52F615885B6A5983DB0B3B808B">Morphological and molecular characterization of twenty-five new Diploneis species (Bacillariophyta) from Lake Tanganyika and its surrounding areas</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7A42363D4D60B9ED79610C07610462C4">Jovanovska, Elena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CC1C91757953C993407A397FB57BA67D">Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany &amp; Indiana State University, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA &amp; mwilson 108 @ sycamores. indstate. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2852 - 125 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="F30AD265CE0C206268B12CB4C2827104">Phycology Section, Research and Collections Division, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada &amp; phamilton @ nature. ca; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6938 - 6341</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5127BFC0875CEE9FC3A2A82AD39E1A81">Stone, Jeffery</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3C00C4D86004D69D41D8AE4B256A7448">Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany &amp; Indiana State University, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA &amp; Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany &amp; jeffery. stone @ indstate. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1313 - 0643 * Corresponding author &amp; Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="038487E2FF8C2610BCF1FF0ABD2C74F4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875219" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209578956" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7875219" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487E2FF8C2610BCF1FF0ABD2C74F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038487E2FF8C2610BCF1FF0ABD2C74F4" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D77FF8C2610BCF1FF0AB9BD70BC" authority="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone, 2023" authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,473,157,184]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="distinctebipunctata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959EAE6FF8C2610BCF1FF0AB9BD70BC" bold="true" box="[136,473,157,184]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Diploneis distinctebipunctata</emphasis>
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(LM 
<figureCitation id="13162A71FF8C2610BE0CFF09BB7570BD" box="[629,785,158,185]" captionStart="FIGURES 549–560" captionStartId="83.[136,243,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-19@83.[150,1434,193,1878]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURES 549–560. Diploneis distinctebipunctata sp. nov., LM valve views.All individuals displayed from the type material, Mulungushi River. Fig. 552. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875264/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs 549–560</figureCitation>
, SEM 
<figureCitation id="13162A71FF8C2610BF24FF09BB9C70BD" box="[861,1016,158,185]" captionStart="FIGURES 561–566" captionStartId="84.[136,243,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-23@84.[202,1384,191,1860]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURES 561–566. Diploneis distinctebipunctata sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 561–565) and internal (Fig. 566) valve views, Mulungushi River. 561. View of a whole frustule. 562. Detail valve apices, showing distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed irregularly spaced and shaped round ornamentations along the raphe branch. 563. Close view of biseriate striae pattern and chambered wall. 564. External and internal view of alveoli. 565. Central area showing teardrop shaped depressions with proximal raphe ends. 566. View of a whole valve, showing raphe structure, alveoli structure, and valvocopula with serrated advalvar edges. Scale bars. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 561, 566), 5 μm (Figs 562, 564, 565), 2 μm (Fig. 563)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875266/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs 561–566</figureCitation>
)
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Valves are weakly asymmetric, elliptic-lanceolate becoming elliptic-circular with smaller cell size (
<figureCitation id="13162A71FF8C2610B887FF71BDC47105" box="[1278,1440,230,257]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 549–560" captionStart-1="FIGURES 561–566" captionStartId-0="83.[136,243,1902,1924]" captionStartId-1="84.[136,243,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1433,194,1876]" captionTargetBox-1="[204,1383,193,1859]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@83.[150,1434,193,1878]" captionTargetId-1="figure-23@84.[202,1384,191,1860]" captionTargetPageId-0="83" captionTargetPageId-1="84" captionText-0="FIGURES 549–560. Diploneis distinctebipunctata sp. nov., LM valve views.All individuals displayed from the type material, Mulungushi River. Fig. 552. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm." captionText-1="FIGURES 561–566. Diploneis distinctebipunctata sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 561–565) and internal (Fig. 566) valve views, Mulungushi River. 561. View of a whole frustule. 562. Detail valve apices, showing distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed irregularly spaced and shaped round ornamentations along the raphe branch. 563. Close view of biseriate striae pattern and chambered wall. 564. External and internal view of alveoli. 565. Central area showing teardrop shaped depressions with proximal raphe ends. 566. View of a whole valve, showing raphe structure, alveoli structure, and valvocopula with serrated advalvar edges. Scale bars. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 561, 566), 5 μm (Figs 562, 564, 565), 2 μm (Fig. 563)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875264" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875266" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7875264/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7875266/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs 549–561</figureCitation>
). Valve length is 28–57 μm and width is 18–26 μm. The axial area is narrow, linear to lanceolate, patterned with irregular round ornamentations opening into small depressions that do not penetrate the silica cell wall (white arrow 
<figureCitation id="13162A71FF8C2610B944FEB9BDC4714D" box="[1341,1440,302,329]" captionStart="FIGURES 561–566" captionStartId="84.[136,243,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-23@84.[202,1384,191,1860]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURES 561–566. Diploneis distinctebipunctata sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 561–565) and internal (Fig. 566) valve views, Mulungushi River. 561. View of a whole frustule. 562. Detail valve apices, showing distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed irregularly spaced and shaped round ornamentations along the raphe branch. 563. Close view of biseriate striae pattern and chambered wall. 564. External and internal view of alveoli. 565. Central area showing teardrop shaped depressions with proximal raphe ends. 566. View of a whole valve, showing raphe structure, alveoli structure, and valvocopula with serrated advalvar edges. Scale bars. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 561, 566), 5 μm (Figs 562, 564, 565), 2 μm (Fig. 563)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875266/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 562</figureCitation>
). The axial area slightly widens into a longitudinally elongate and weakly asymmetric central area (
<figureCitation id="13162A71FF8C2610B8B3FEC5BD4B7169" box="[1226,1327,338,365]" captionStart="FIGURES 549–560" captionStartId="83.[136,243,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-19@83.[150,1434,193,1878]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURES 549–560. Diploneis distinctebipunctata sp. nov., LM valve views.All individuals displayed from the type material, Mulungushi River. Fig. 552. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875264/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs 549</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13162A71FF8C2610B940FEC5BDFB7169" box="[1337,1439,338,365]" captionStart="FIGURES 561–566" captionStartId="84.[136,243,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-23@84.[202,1384,191,1860]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURES 561–566. Diploneis distinctebipunctata sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 561–565) and internal (Fig. 566) valve views, Mulungushi River. 561. View of a whole frustule. 562. Detail valve apices, showing distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed irregularly spaced and shaped round ornamentations along the raphe branch. 563. Close view of biseriate striae pattern and chambered wall. 564. External and internal view of alveoli. 565. Central area showing teardrop shaped depressions with proximal raphe ends. 566. View of a whole valve, showing raphe structure, alveoli structure, and valvocopula with serrated advalvar edges. Scale bars. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 561, 566), 5 μm (Figs 562, 564, 565), 2 μm (Fig. 563)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875266/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">561, 565</figureCitation>
), 3–6 μm wide. Externally, the canal is linear to lanceolate, slightly expanded in the middle of the valve with two (three) rows of cribrate (&gt;40 poroids) areolae narrowing into one larger at the valve apices (
<figureCitation id="13162A71FF8C2610B842FE0DBCBD71B1" box="[1083,1241,410,437]" captionStart="FIGURES 549–560" captionStartId="83.[136,243,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-19@83.[150,1434,193,1878]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURES 549–560. Diploneis distinctebipunctata sp. nov., LM valve views.All individuals displayed from the type material, Mulungushi River. Fig. 552. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875264/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs 549–552</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13162A71FF8C2610B89DFE0DBD7671B1" box="[1252,1298,410,437]" captionStart="FIGURES 561–566" captionStartId="84.[136,243,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-23@84.[202,1384,191,1860]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURES 561–566. Diploneis distinctebipunctata sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 561–565) and internal (Fig. 566) valve views, Mulungushi River. 561. View of a whole frustule. 562. Detail valve apices, showing distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed irregularly spaced and shaped round ornamentations along the raphe branch. 563. Close view of biseriate striae pattern and chambered wall. 564. External and internal view of alveoli. 565. Central area showing teardrop shaped depressions with proximal raphe ends. 566. View of a whole valve, showing raphe structure, alveoli structure, and valvocopula with serrated advalvar edges. Scale bars. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 561, 566), 5 μm (Figs 562, 564, 565), 2 μm (Fig. 563)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875266/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">561</figureCitation>
). Internally, a thick non-porous slightly raised silica plate encloses the longitudinal canal (
<figureCitation id="13162A71FF8C2610BFAAFE29BC5171DD" box="[979,1077,446,473]" captionStart="FIGURES 561–566" captionStartId="84.[136,243,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-23@84.[202,1384,191,1860]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURES 561–566. Diploneis distinctebipunctata sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 561–565) and internal (Fig. 566) valve views, Mulungushi River. 561. View of a whole frustule. 562. Detail valve apices, showing distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed irregularly spaced and shaped round ornamentations along the raphe branch. 563. Close view of biseriate striae pattern and chambered wall. 564. External and internal view of alveoli. 565. Central area showing teardrop shaped depressions with proximal raphe ends. 566. View of a whole valve, showing raphe structure, alveoli structure, and valvocopula with serrated advalvar edges. Scale bars. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 561, 566), 5 μm (Figs 562, 564, 565), 2 μm (Fig. 563)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875266/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 566</figureCitation>
). Externally, the raphe is filiform, curved; the proximal ends are deflected to one side within expanded teardrop depressions (
<figureCitation id="13162A71FF8C2610B8F1FE75BD4C71F9" box="[1160,1320,482,509]" captionStart="FIGURES 561–566" captionStartId="84.[136,243,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-23@84.[202,1384,191,1860]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURES 561–566. Diploneis distinctebipunctata sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 561–565) and internal (Fig. 566) valve views, Mulungushi River. 561. View of a whole frustule. 562. Detail valve apices, showing distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed irregularly spaced and shaped round ornamentations along the raphe branch. 563. Close view of biseriate striae pattern and chambered wall. 564. External and internal view of alveoli. 565. Central area showing teardrop shaped depressions with proximal raphe ends. 566. View of a whole valve, showing raphe structure, alveoli structure, and valvocopula with serrated advalvar edges. Scale bars. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 561, 566), 5 μm (Figs 562, 564, 565), 2 μm (Fig. 563)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875266/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs 561, 565</figureCitation>
). The distal raphe ends are unilaterally bent to the same side as the proximal ends and terminate on the upper section of the mantle (
<figureCitation id="13162A71FF8C2610BCE9FDBDB9497241" box="[144,301,554,581]" captionStart="FIGURES 561–566" captionStartId="84.[136,243,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-23@84.[202,1384,191,1860]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURES 561–566. Diploneis distinctebipunctata sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 561–565) and internal (Fig. 566) valve views, Mulungushi River. 561. View of a whole frustule. 562. Detail valve apices, showing distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed irregularly spaced and shaped round ornamentations along the raphe branch. 563. Close view of biseriate striae pattern and chambered wall. 564. External and internal view of alveoli. 565. Central area showing teardrop shaped depressions with proximal raphe ends. 566. View of a whole valve, showing raphe structure, alveoli structure, and valvocopula with serrated advalvar edges. Scale bars. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 561, 566), 5 μm (Figs 562, 564, 565), 2 μm (Fig. 563)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875266/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs 561, 562</figureCitation>
). Internally, the raphe is curved and placed in the depression formed by the longitudinal canal (
<figureCitation id="13162A71FF8C2610B947FDBDBDFB7241" box="[1342,1439,554,581]" captionStart="FIGURES 561–566" captionStartId="84.[136,243,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-23@84.[202,1384,191,1860]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURES 561–566. Diploneis distinctebipunctata sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 561–565) and internal (Fig. 566) valve views, Mulungushi River. 561. View of a whole frustule. 562. Detail valve apices, showing distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed irregularly spaced and shaped round ornamentations along the raphe branch. 563. Close view of biseriate striae pattern and chambered wall. 564. External and internal view of alveoli. 565. Central area showing teardrop shaped depressions with proximal raphe ends. 566. View of a whole valve, showing raphe structure, alveoli structure, and valvocopula with serrated advalvar edges. Scale bars. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 561, 566), 5 μm (Figs 562, 564, 565), 2 μm (Fig. 563)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875266/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 566</figureCitation>
). The striae are parallel at mid-valve becoming radiate towards the apices, 
<quantity id="4CD59B11FF8C2610BFD6FDD9BC67726C" box="[943,1027,590,616]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" metricValueMax="2.54" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="in" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 in</quantity>
10 μm. Striae are biseriate throughout (
<figureCitation id="13162A71FF8C2610BCE9FDE5B9577289" box="[144,307,626,653]" captionStart="FIGURES 561–566" captionStartId="84.[136,243,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-23@84.[202,1384,191,1860]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURES 561–566. Diploneis distinctebipunctata sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 561–565) and internal (Fig. 566) valve views, Mulungushi River. 561. View of a whole frustule. 562. Detail valve apices, showing distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed irregularly spaced and shaped round ornamentations along the raphe branch. 563. Close view of biseriate striae pattern and chambered wall. 564. External and internal view of alveoli. 565. Central area showing teardrop shaped depressions with proximal raphe ends. 566. View of a whole valve, showing raphe structure, alveoli structure, and valvocopula with serrated advalvar edges. Scale bars. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 561, 566), 5 μm (Figs 562, 564, 565), 2 μm (Fig. 563)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875266/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs 563, 564</figureCitation>
). The striae are composed of round areolae covered externally with fine pored cribra (&gt;40 poroids), 
<quantity id="4CD59B11FF8C2610BCF1FD01B88F72B4" box="[136,235,662,689]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.191" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="in" value="16.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="15.0">15–18 in</quantity>
10 μm. Internally, the alveoli open via a single elongated opening covered with a thin silica layer (
<figureCitation id="13162A71FF8C2610B938FD01B8D272D1" captionStart="FIGURES 561–566" captionStartId="84.[136,243,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-23@84.[202,1384,191,1860]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURES 561–566. Diploneis distinctebipunctata sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 561–565) and internal (Fig. 566) valve views, Mulungushi River. 561. View of a whole frustule. 562. Detail valve apices, showing distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed irregularly spaced and shaped round ornamentations along the raphe branch. 563. Close view of biseriate striae pattern and chambered wall. 564. External and internal view of alveoli. 565. Central area showing teardrop shaped depressions with proximal raphe ends. 566. View of a whole valve, showing raphe structure, alveoli structure, and valvocopula with serrated advalvar edges. Scale bars. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 561, 566), 5 μm (Figs 562, 564, 565), 2 μm (Fig. 563)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875266/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs 564, 566</figureCitation>
). The valvocopula has serrated advalvar edges (
<figureCitation id="13162A71FF8C2610BEB7FD2DBB5472D1" box="[718,816,698,725]" captionStart="FIGURES 561–566" captionStartId="84.[136,243,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,193,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-23@84.[202,1384,191,1860]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURES 561–566. Diploneis distinctebipunctata sp. nov., SEM external (Figs 561–565) and internal (Fig. 566) valve views, Mulungushi River. 561. View of a whole frustule. 562. Detail valve apices, showing distal raphe ends with deflected terminal fissures; white arrowed irregularly spaced and shaped round ornamentations along the raphe branch. 563. Close view of biseriate striae pattern and chambered wall. 564. External and internal view of alveoli. 565. Central area showing teardrop shaped depressions with proximal raphe ends. 566. View of a whole valve, showing raphe structure, alveoli structure, and valvocopula with serrated advalvar edges. Scale bars. Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 561, 566), 5 μm (Figs 562, 564, 565), 2 μm (Fig. 563)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875266/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 566</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337657FFF8C2610BCC4FD49BC2D73A8" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9236F4FF8C2610BCC4FD49B9EF7361" blockId="82.[136,1452,230,1265]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B959EAE6FF8C2610BCC4FD49B97A72FC" bold="true" box="[189,286,734,760]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Type:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B453CA9FF8C2610BD64FD49B90C7345" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4097203336" collectingDate="2021-09-27" collectorName="E. Jovanovska &amp; Z. Levkov" country="Zambia" elevation="1117" latitude="-14.2960005" location="Mulungushi River" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.548555" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" specimenCode="BM-108976" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F33A7664FF8C2610BD64FD49BA2272FC" box="[285,582,734,760]" name="Zambia" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA</collectingCountry>
, 
<location id="8EF2602FFF8C2610BE29FD49BB7972FC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487E2FF8C2610BCF1FF0ABD2C74F4:8EF2602FFF8C2610BE29FD49BB7972FC" box="[592,797,734,760]" country="Zambia" latitude="-14.2960005" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.548555" name="Mulungushi River" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Mulungushi River</location>
, at 
<quantity id="4CD59B11FF8C2610BF3BFD49BBF072FC" box="[834,916,734,760]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.117" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="1117.0">
<elevation id="0000D1C7FF8C2610BF3BFD49BBF072FC" box="[834,916,734,760]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.117" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="1117.0">1117 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation; mud, 
<quantity id="4CD59B11FF8C2610B834FD49BCE872FC" box="[1101,1164,734,760]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="0.1">
<elevation id="0000D1C7FF8C2610B834FD49BCE872FC" box="[1101,1164,734,760]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="0.1">0.1 m</elevation>
</quantity>
water depth, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE195033FF8C2610B958FD49B8FC7318" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="17" orientation="latitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="1" seconds="45.6" value="-14.2960005">14°17’45.6” S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE195033FF8C2610BCE6FC95B9207318" box="[159,324,770,797]" degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="1" seconds="54.8" value="28.548555">28°32’54.8” E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<emphasis id="B959EAE6FF8C2610BD29FC94BAE07318" box="[336,644,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<collectorName id="26D85322FF8C2610BD29FC94B9977318" box="[336,499,770,796]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">E. Jovanovska</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26D85322FF8C2610BE6EFC94BAE07318" box="[535,644,770,796]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Z. Levkov</collectorName>
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B959EAE6FF8C2610BEEAFC95BB1D7318" box="[659,889,769,796]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<date id="FF931034FF8C2610BEEAFC95BB1D7318" box="[659,889,769,796]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="2021-09-27">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E9DCFF8C2610BEEAFC95BB1D7318" box="[659,889,769,796]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="2021-09-27">
27 
<superScript id="7C589BBCFF8C2610BED6FC96BAD8730B" attach="left" box="[687,700,769,783]" fontSize="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">th</superScript>
September 2021
</collectingDate>
</date>
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54968856FF8C2610BFF1FC95BB887318" box="[904,1004,770,796]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
designated here, circled specimen BM-108976! = 
<figureCitation id="13162A71FF8C2610BD7DFCB1B9017345" box="[260,357,806,833]" captionStart="FIGURES 549–560" captionStartId="83.[136,243,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,194,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-19@83.[150,1434,193,1878]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURES 549–560. Diploneis distinctebipunctata sp. nov., LM valve views.All individuals displayed from the type material, Mulungushi River. Fig. 552. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875264/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 552</figureCitation>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B453CA9FF8C2610BD09FCB1B9EF7361" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4097203321" collectingDate="2021-09-27" collectionCode="ANSP-GC" collectorName="E. Jovanovska &amp; Z. Levkov" country="Zambia" elevation="1117" latitude="-14.2960005" location="Mulungushi River" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.548555" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" specimenCode="ANSP-GC17205" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="isotype">
isotypes 
<specimenCode id="DB8B9E8FFF8C2610BDABFCB1BAFC7345" box="[466,664,806,833]" collectionCode="ANSP-GC" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">ANSP-GC17205</specimenCode>
!, CANA-130011!). Type material CANA-129322. Registration: http:// phycobank.org/103705
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236F4FF8C2610BCC4FCFABCD1738C" blockId="82.[136,1452,230,1265]" box="[189,1205,877,904]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B959EAE6FF8C2610BCC4FCFABA037383" bold="true" box="[189,615,877,904]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Pictures of the isolated specimen:—</emphasis>
LM micrograph on 1000× magnification (
<figureCitation id="13162A71FF8C2610B844FCF9BCCC738C" box="[1085,1192,878,904]" captionStart="FIGURES 2–11" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[203,1382,194,1930]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[201,1383,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2–11. Diploneis salzburgeri sp. nov., LM valve views, Lake Tanganyika. 2, 3, 5, 6, 9. Specimens from southern parts of Lake Tanganyika, Kalambo Falls Lodge. 4. Specimen from Kalya Bay. 7. Specimen from Ndole Bay. 8. Specimen from Jakobsen Beach, near Kigoma. 10, 11. Specimens from Buhingu Island. Fig. 7. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7875095/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
Fig. S 
<quantity id="4CD59B11FF8C2610B8F8FCF9BCCC738C" box="[1153,1192,878,904]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="3.0">3m</quantity>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236F4FF8C2610BCC4FC06BC2D73A8" blockId="82.[136,1452,230,1265]" box="[189,1097,913,940]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B959EAE6FF8C2610BCC4FC06B9EB73A8" bold="true" box="[189,399,913,940]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Sequence data:—</emphasis>
Plastid gene 
<emphasis id="B959EAE6FF8C2610BE67FC05BA2773A8" box="[542,579,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">rbc</emphasis>
L sequence (GenBank accession: 
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE31FF8C2610BFC5FC05BB8273A8" box="[956,998,914,940]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">OQ</collectionCode>
660300).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337657FFF8C2610BCC4FC21B92773F0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9236F4FF8C2610BCC4FC21B92773F0" blockId="82.[136,1452,230,1265]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B959EAE6FF8C2610BCC4FC21B90073D4" bold="true" box="[189,356,950,976]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Etymology:—</emphasis>
The specific epithet ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D77FF8C2610BE24FC21BB5073D4" authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[605,820,950,976]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="distinctebipunctata">
<emphasis id="B959EAE6FF8C2610BE24FC21BB5073D4" box="[605,820,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">distinctebipunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ refers to the visible biseriate nature of the striae under LM observation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337657FFF8C2610BCC4FC69BD2C74F4" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B9236F4FF8C2610BCC4FC69BC237480" blockId="82.[136,1452,230,1265]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B959EAE6FF8C2610BCC4FC69BA697413" bold="true" box="[189,525,1021,1048]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Ecology and distribution:—</emphasis>
This species has only been observed in the Mulungushi River and Kalambo River and in the fossil deposits of Lake 
<collectingCountry id="F33A7664FF8C2610BE68FBB5BA037438" box="[529,615,1058,1084]" name="Malawi" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Malawi</collectingCountry>
(unpublished data). The Mulungushi River, from where this species was described, has a moderately alkaline pH (7.9), a low conductivity of 101 μS̔ 
<superScript id="7C589BBCFF8C2610B87EFBD0BC5D7450" attach="left" box="[1031,1081,1094,1122]" fontSize="6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">cm-1</superScript>
, and low water transparency. It cohabits with the species 
<emphasis id="B959EAE6FF8C2610BDDFFBFDBABF7480" box="[422,731,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D77FF8C2610BDDFFBFDBA1B7480" authority="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone, 2023" authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[422,639,1130,1156]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="dissipata" status="sp. nov.">Diploneis dissipata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A579DFF8C2610BEFFFBFCBABF7480" box="[646,731,1131,1156]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D77FF8C2610BF68FBFDBB8E7480" authority="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone, 2023" authorityName="Jovanovska &amp; Wilson &amp; Hamilton &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2023" box="[785,1002,1130,1156]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="latissima" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959EAE6FF8C2610BF68FBFDBB8E7480" box="[785,1002,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Diploneis latissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A579DFF8C2610BF88FBFCBC237480" box="[1009,1095,1130,1156]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B959EAE6FF8C2610BF88FBFCBC247480" box="[1009,1088,1131,1156]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236F4FF8C2610BCC4FB1ABA5274C8" blockId="82.[136,1452,230,1265]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B959EAE6FF8C2610BCC4FB1ABA5074AC" bold="true" box="[189,564,1165,1192]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Main differential characters:—</emphasis>
Valve width and shape, striae pattern, narrow canals, surface depressions along axial area, and poroids&gt;40 per areola.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236F4FF8C2610BCC4FB42BD2C74F4" blockId="82.[136,1452,230,1265]" box="[189,1352,1237,1265]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B959EAE6FF8C2610BCC4FB42B9F074EB" bold="true" box="[189,404,1237,1263]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Similar species:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D77FF8C2610BDEDFB41BA0574F4" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot &amp; Hofmann" authorityYear="2016" box="[404,609,1238,1264]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="lusatica">
<emphasis id="B959EAE6FF8C2610BDEDFB41BA0574F4" box="[404,609,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Diploneis lusatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D77FF8C2610BEEEFB41BD2074F4" authority="Kulikovskiy &amp; Lange-Bertalot (2015: 86)" authorityName="Kulikovskiy &amp; Lange-Bertalot" authorityPageNumber="86" authorityYear="2015" box="[663,1348,1238,1265]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Naviculaceae" genus="Diploneis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="amicula">
<emphasis id="B959EAE6FF8C2610BEEEFB41BB0174F4" box="[663,869,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Diploneis amicula</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B05FF8C2610BF15FB41BD2074F4" author="Kulikovskiy, M. S. &amp; Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Kuznetsova, I. V." box="[876,1348,1238,1265]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="1" refId="ref38891" refString="Kulikovskiy, M. S., Lange-Bertalot, H. &amp; Kuznetsova, I. V. (2015) Lake Baikal: hotspot of endemic diatoms II. Iconographia Diatomologica 26: [1] - 656." type="journal article" year="2015">Kulikovskiy &amp; Lange-Bertalot (2015: 86)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>