treatments-xml/data/03/84/87/038487BC5C01FF87BAD1E5EFFDC16EAE.xml

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<mods:title id="76BD677CE9F5E330CD3D99F53652DC6D">A new genus and two new species of unarmed hymenolepidid cestodes (Cestoda Hymenolepididae) from geomyid rodents in Mexico and Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="93E2D4C3D11EE5B332CEF4DFDE203C6F">Gardner, Scott L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8453E79759752A342A7B8CA5F0463B48">Campbell, Mariel L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="85F188D65AF8299059D6AC31539198EE">Rácz, S. Elizabeth</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C01FF83BAD1E5EFFDF06A38" blockId="9.[151,969,1526,1626]" box="[151,557,1526,1553]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">
<heading id="D0DA81C65C01FF83BAD1E5EFFDF06A38" bold="true" box="[151,557,1526,1553]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="367" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C01FF83BAD1E5EFFDF06A38" bold="true" box="[151,557,1526,1553]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C01FF83BAD1E5EFFE3E6A38" authority="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz, 2020" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,483,1526,1553]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="367" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C01FF83BAD1E5EFFE3E6A38" bold="true" box="[151,483,1526,1553]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">Hymenolepis cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A57C35C01FF83BBACE5EEFDF06A38" box="[490,557,1527,1553]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C01FF83BAD1E603FECF6A1D" blockId="9.[151,969,1526,1626]" box="[151,274,1562,1588]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">
(
<figureCitation id="13162A2F5C01FF83BAD9E603FED76A1D" box="[159,266,1562,1588]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStart-2="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="10.[151,250,1356,1381]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1392,1417]" captionStartId-2="10.[151,250,1428,1453]" captionTargetBox-0="[103,708,158,941]" captionTargetBox-1="[108,1440,947,1334]" captionTargetBox-2="[108,1440,947,1334]" captionTargetId-2="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1330]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Scolex of Hymenolepis cratogeomyos n. sp. showing relatively large apical organ sac." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. Line drawing of one of the last mature proglottids (see text for definition) of Hymenolepis cratogeomyos n. sp." captionText-2="FIGURE 9. Egg of Hymenolepis cratogeomyos n. sp. showing relatively delicate of development of embryo hooks with usual dimorphic hooks of the lateral pairs and the monomorphic hooks of the central pair in the embryophore larva" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3763495" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3763497" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3763499" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3763495/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3763497/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3763499/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">Figs. 7–9</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33765215C01FF83BAD1E65BFC146A73" box="[151,969,1602,1626]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C01FF83BAD1E65BFC146A73" blockId="9.[151,969,1526,1626]" box="[151,969,1602,1626]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">
LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33765215C01FF83BAD1E691FE7B6AE1" pageId="9" pageNumber="367" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C01FF83BAD1E691FE7B6AE1" blockId="9.[151,1436,1672,2023]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C01FF83BAD1E691FEBB6A8A" bold="true" box="[151,358,1672,1699]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">Symbiotype host:</emphasis>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B5B5C01FF83BBE7E690FD816A8A" author="Frey, J. K. &amp; Duszynski, D. W. &amp; Gannon, W. L. &amp; Yates, T. L. &amp; Gardner, S. L." box="[417,604,1673,1699]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367" pagination="930 - 932" refId="ref11348" refString="Frey, J. K., Duszynski, D. W., Gannon, W. L., Yates, T. L. &amp; Gardner, S. L. (1992) Designation and curatorial management of type host specimens (symbiotypes) for new parasite species. Journal of Parasitology, 78, 930 - 932. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3283335" type="journal article" year="1992">
Frey 
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C01FF83BB9CE690FDD66A8A" box="[474,523,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">et al</emphasis>
., 1992
</bibRefCitation>
). Volcán De Toluca Pocket Gopher, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C01FF83B9A8E690FA416A8A" authority="Merriam 1895" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" box="[1006,1436,1672,1699]" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Cratogeomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="367" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C01FF83B9A8E690FB286A8A" box="[1006,1269,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">Cratogeomys planiceps</emphasis>
Merriam 1895
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C01FF83BAD9E6B4FED76AEE" box="[159,266,1709,1735]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="367" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rodentia</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C01FF83BB52E6B4FE476AE1" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1845" box="[276,410,1709,1736]" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="9" pageNumber="367" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Geomyidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33765215C01FF83BA81E6C9FD066AC2" box="[199,731,1744,1771]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C01FF83BA81E6C9FD066AC2" blockId="9.[151,1436,1672,2023]" box="[199,731,1744,1771]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C01FF83BA81E6C9FDFD6AC2" bold="true" box="[199,544,1744,1771]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">Symbiotype catalog number:</emphasis>
LSUMZ 36120.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33765215C01FF83BA81E6ECFD036B1A" pageId="9" pageNumber="367" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C01FF83BA81E6ECFB406B26" blockId="9.[151,1436,1672,2023]" box="[199,1181,1780,1807]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C01FF83BA81E6ECFDC76B26" bold="true" box="[199,538,1780,1807]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">
<typeStatus id="549688085C01FF83BA81E6ECFEDF6B26" box="[199,258,1781,1807]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">Type</typeStatus>
locality/collection date.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F33A763A5C01FF83B867E6ECFDA46B26" box="[545,633,1781,1807]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="4CD59B4F5C01FF83B8C3E6ECFD116B26" box="[645,716,1781,1807]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="367" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
S, 
<quantity id="4CD59B4F5C01FF83B8B6E6ECFCEA6B26" box="[752,823,1781,1807]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="367" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
W Toluca, 
<quantity id="4CD59B4F5C01FF83B9FEE6ECFBCA6B26" box="[952,1047,1781,1807]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="367" unit="m" value="3000.0">3,000 m</quantity>
; lat. 19° 11’
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C01FF83BA81E701FD036B1A" blockId="9.[151,1436,1672,2023]" box="[199,734,1816,1843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">
52.8”N, long. 
<geoCoordinate id="EE19506D5C01FF83BB21E700FDD86B1A" box="[359,517,1817,1843]" degrees="99" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="367" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-99.810005">99° 48’ 36”W</geoCoordinate>
; 
<date id="FF93106A5C01FF83B856E700FD076B1A" box="[528,730,1817,1843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367" value="1998-02-17">17 February 1998</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33765215C01FF83BA81E725FE266B7E" box="[199,507,1852,1879]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C01FF83BA81E725FE266B7E" blockId="9.[151,1436,1672,2023]" box="[199,507,1852,1879]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C01FF83BA81E725FEE26B7E" bold="true" box="[199,319,1852,1879]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">Collector:</emphasis>
Mark S. Hafner.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33765215C01FF83BA81E779FD9C6B52" box="[199,577,1888,1915]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C01FF83BA81E779FD9C6B52" blockId="9.[151,1436,1672,2023]" box="[199,577,1888,1915]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C01FF83BA81E779FE566B52" bold="true" box="[199,395,1888,1915]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">Site of infection:</emphasis>
Small intestine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33765215C01FF83BA81E79CFB9F6BB6" box="[199,1090,1925,1951]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C01FF83BA81E79CFB9F6BB6" blockId="9.[151,1436,1672,2023]" box="[199,1090,1925,1951]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C01FF83BA81E79CFE8E6BB6" bold="true" box="[199,339,1925,1951]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">Prevalence:</emphasis>
100% of those examined; one infected of one specimen examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33765215C01FF83BA81E7B1FAED6BCE" pageId="9" pageNumber="367" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C01FF83BA81E7B1FD246BEA" blockId="9.[151,1436,1672,2023]" box="[199,761,1960,1987]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C01FF83BA81E7B1FE1A6BEA" bold="true" box="[199,455,1960,1987]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">Specimens deposited:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B453CF75C01FF83BB88E7B0FD246BEA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608526670" box="[462,761,1960,1987]" collectionCode="HWML" pageId="9" pageNumber="367" specimenCode="HWML139035" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="549688085C01FF83BB88E7B0FDE46BEA" box="[462,569,1961,1987]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<specimenCode id="DB8B9ED15C01FF83B802E7B1FD286BEA" box="[580,757,1960,1987]" collectionCode="HWML" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jbwg-23em" name="Howard W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">HWML139035</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C01FF83BA81E7D5FAED6BCE" blockId="9.[151,1436,1672,2023]" box="[199,1328,1996,2023]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C01FF83BA81E7D5FE146BCE" bold="true" box="[199,457,1996,2023]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">Specimens examined:</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="549688085C01FF83BB96E7D4FD9C6BCE" box="[464,577,1997,2023]" pageId="9" pageNumber="367" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE6F5C01FF83B80DE7D4FD7A6BCE" box="[587,679,1997,2023]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jbwg-23em" name="Howard W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">HWML</collectionCode>
139036, 
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE6F5C01FF83B940E7D4FCBF6BCE" box="[774,866,1997,2023]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jbwg-23em" name="Howard W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">HWML</collectionCode>
139037, 
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE6F5C01FF83B987E7D4FBC06BCE" box="[961,1053,1997,2023]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jbwg-23em" name="Howard W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">HWML</collectionCode>
139038, 
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE6F5C01FF83BE3DE7D4FB0A6BCE" box="[1147,1239,1997,2023]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jbwg-23em" name="Howard W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology" pageId="9" pageNumber="367">HWML</collectionCode>
139039.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5266225C02FF80BAD1E555FB5E694D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3763495" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3763495" box="[151,1155,1356,1381]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3763495/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="368" startId="10.[151,250,1356,1381]" targetBox="[103,708,158,941]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C02FF80BAD1E555FB5E694D" blockId="10.[151,1155,1356,1381]" box="[151,1155,1356,1381]" pageId="10" pageNumber="368">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C02FF80BAD1E555FECE694C" bold="true" box="[151,275,1356,1381]" pageId="10" pageNumber="368">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Scolex of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C02FF80BBC6E554FD44694C" authority="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz, 2020" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[384,665,1357,1381]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="368" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C02FF80BBC6E554FD44694C" box="[384,665,1357,1381]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="368">Hymenolepis cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C02FF80B8D9E554FD05694C" bold="true" box="[671,728,1357,1381]" pageId="10" pageNumber="368">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A57C35C02FF80B8D9E554FD05694C" box="[671,728,1357,1381]" pageId="10" pageNumber="368" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
showing relatively large apical organ sac.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5266225C02FF80BAD1E569FAA069A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3763497" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3763497" box="[151,1405,1392,1417]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3763497/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="368" startId="10.[151,250,1392,1417]" targetBox="[108,1440,947,1334]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C02FF80BAD1E569FAA069A0" blockId="10.[151,1405,1392,1417]" box="[151,1405,1392,1417]" pageId="10" pageNumber="368">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C02FF80BAD1E569FECE69A0" bold="true" box="[151,275,1392,1417]" pageId="10" pageNumber="368">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Line drawing of one of the last mature proglottids (see text for definition) of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C02FF80BE63E568FAE069A0" authority="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz, 2020" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[1061,1341,1393,1417]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="368" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C02FF80BE63E568FAE069A0" box="[1061,1341,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="368">Hymenolepis cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A57C35C02FF80BF02E568FAA069A0" box="[1348,1405,1393,1417]" pageId="10" pageNumber="368" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C02FF80BAD1E58DFB3769F8" blockId="10.[151,1436,1428,1489]" pageId="10" pageNumber="368">
FIGURE 9. Egg of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C02FF80BB23E58CFDA06984" authority="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz, 2020" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[357,637,1429,1453]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="10" pageNumber="368" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C02FF80BB23E58CFDA06984" box="[357,637,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="368">Hymenolepis cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A57C35C02FF80B8C2E58CFD606985" box="[644,701,1429,1453]" pageId="10" pageNumber="368" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C02FF80B8C2E58CFD6A6984" bold="true" box="[644,695,1429,1453]" pageId="10" pageNumber="368">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
showing relatively delicate of development of embryo hooks with usual dimorphic hooks of the lateral pairs and the monomorphic hooks of the central pair in the embryophore larva
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C02FF80BEACE5A1FB3369F8" blockId="10.[151,1436,1428,1489]" box="[1258,1262,1464,1489]" pageId="10" pageNumber="368">.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C33765215C02FF81BA81E5E7FB206F8E" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="10" pageNumber="368" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C02FF81BA81E5E7FB206F8E" blockId="10.[151,1437,1534,2030]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,152,1295]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="10" pageNumber="368">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C02FF80BA81E5E7FE866A30" bold="true" box="[199,347,1534,1561]" pageId="10" pageNumber="368">Description:</emphasis>
All specimens available were studied, including one full and 2 partial). At time of collection, specimens were placed directly into 95% ethanol, and so are extremely contracted, with only a few mature proglottids non-contracted and available to examine. Scolex (
<figureCitation id="13162A2F5C02FF80B8B8E65EFC9F6A4B" box="[766,834,1607,1634]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1356,1381]" captionTargetBox="[103,708,158,941]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1330]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Scolex of Hymenolepis cratogeomyos n. sp. showing relatively large apical organ sac." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3763495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3763495/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="368">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) unarmed, length N = 2, 198–203 (200 ± 2.6), maximum width N = 2, 209–227 (218 ± 12.6). Apical organ (AO), N = 1, 21.8–21.8 (21.8 ± 0) long. Osmoregulatory ducts terminate at base of AO, but do not appear to penetrate AO (
<figureCitation id="13162A2F5C02FF80B9C7E696FC1B6A83" box="[897,966,1679,1706]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1356,1381]" captionTargetBox="[103,708,158,941]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1330]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Scolex of Hymenolepis cratogeomyos n. sp. showing relatively large apical organ sac." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3763495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3763495/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="368">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Apical organ sac, N = 3, 55–59 (57 ± 2) long by, N = 2, 33–37 (34.8 ± 2.9) wide. Apical organ sac not extending farther than posterior margins of suckers. Suckers, N = 6, 109–117 (112 ± 3) long by, N = 4, 84–89 (87 ± 2) wide. Neck, N = 1, 375–375 (375 ± 0) long by N = 2, 169–172 (170 ± 2.3) in maximum width. Strobila, N = 2, 
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(108.42 ± 
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) long, with 
<geoCoordinate id="EE19506D5C02FF80BAD1E707FF086B10" box="[151,213,1822,1849]" degrees="1,257" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="368" precision="55" value="1.257">1,257</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE19506D5C02FF80BA93E707FEFE6B10" box="[213,291,1822,1849]" degrees="1,266" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="368" precision="55" value="-1.266">–1,266</geoCoordinate>
(1,262 ± 6) proglottids; maximum width 
<quantity id="4CD59B4F5C02FF80B8BDE706FC426B13" box="[763,927,1823,1850]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.065" metricValueMax="3.41" metricValueMin="2.72" pageId="10" pageNumber="368" unit="mm" value="3.065" valueMax="3.41" valueMin="2.72">2.72–3.41 mm</quantity>
(3.06 ± 
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) attained in gravid proglottids. Strobila anapolytic. Strobilar margins craspedote with intersegmental divisions plainly visible in mature and gravid proglottids; length: width ratio of mature and gravid proglottids 0.09–0.178 (N = 4) and 0.11–0.177 (N =4), respectively. Genital pores marginal, dextral, and non-alternating crossing osmoregulatory canals dorsally. Opening of genital pore ringed with deeply staining, densely packed cells. Genital atrium depth, N = 12, 20–25 (22 ± 2). Vaginal opening is anterior to cirrus opening in genital atrium. Dorsal osmoregulatory canals, N = 9, 19–24 (22 ± 2) wide. Ventral osmoregulatory canals, N = 9, 87–95 (92 ± 3) wide. Anlagen of genitalia N =1, 119–119 (119 ± 0) long. Cirrus sac piriform, N = 5, 121–145 (138 ± 10) in maximum length by, N = 5, 45–57 (52 ± 4) in maximum width, the antiporal end of cirrus usually overlapping excretory canal. Cirrus clavate, armed with minute spines. Cirrus armature arranged in welldefined rows. Internal seminal vesicle piriform in shape, N = 7, 80–93 (85 ± 4) long by, N = 8, 31–40 (34 ± 3) wide. External seminal vesicle, elongate fusiform, N = 3, 181–197 (191 ± 9) long by, N = 4, 92–97 (95 ± 2) wide. Testes ovoid, N = 15, 141–190 (167 ± 16) long by, N = 19, 95–121 (106 ± 8) wide, with one poral and two antiporal. Seminal receptacle, N = 4, 745–919 (841 ± 72) long by, N = 8, 75–93 (83 ± 7) wide, positioned anterior and dorsal to ovary and ventral to cirrus sac. Ovary, N = 8, 84–93 (90 ± 3) long by, N = 12, 168–203 (183 ± 12) wide. Ovary deeply lobed, fan shaped and compacted between testes. Vitelline gland, N = 8, 62–80 (72 ± 6) wide by, N = 7, 45–53 (50 ± 3) in maximum long, margins smooth. Vitelline gland near midline, anterior to intersegmental boundaries. Uterus developing laterally from origin in center of proglottid (
<figureCitation id="13162A2F5C03FF81BEE2E218FB376E32" box="[1188,1258,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1392,1417]" captionTargetBox="[108,1440,947,1334]" captionText="FIGURE 8. Line drawing of one of the last mature proglottids (see text for definition) of Hymenolepis cratogeomyos n. sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3763497" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3763497/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Gravid uterus saccular, overlapping osmoregulatory canals and completely filling segment and displacing all internal gonadal tissues. Eggs, N = 52, 62–94 (74 ± 6) long by, N = 52, 40–63 (52 ± 4) wide, sub-spherical. Embryophore (
<figureCitation id="13162A2F5C03FF81BF6BE250FAAF6E4A" box="[1325,1394,585,611]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1428,1453]" captionTargetBox="[108,1440,947,1334]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1330]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 9. Egg of Hymenolepis cratogeomyos n. sp. showing relatively delicate of development of embryo hooks with usual dimorphic hooks of the lateral pairs and the monomorphic hooks of the central pair in the embryophore larva" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3763499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3763499/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
), N = 49, 31–46 (37 ± 3) long by, N = 49, 20–30 (26 ± 3) wide, sub-spherical. Embryo hooks as follows: Description of larger hooks of first and third pairs, hook length, N = 60, 16.0–19.9 (18.0 ± 1.0) by, N = 60, 3.4–4.8 (4.1 ± 0.4) wide at guard. Handle, N = 60, 6.8–11.0 (9.3 ± 0.9) long, blade, N = 60, 5.3–8.6 (7.1 ± 0.6) long. Larger hooks of first and third pairs with robust guard, thick handle, and a broad shallowly-curved, falcate, blade. Smaller hooks of first and third pairs, length, N = 41, 14.2–20.0 (17.5 ± 1.2) long b, N = 41, 2.3–3.3 (2.8 ± 0.2) wide at guard; handle, N = 41, 6.9–10.9 (9.1± 0.9) long, blade, N = 41, 5.4–8.6 (7.0 ± 0.7) long. Smaller hooks of first and third pairs narrow with thin guard and sub-falcate blade. Length of middle hooks, N = 21, 15.4–18.9 (17.1± 1.0) by, N = 21 1.6–2.3 (1.9 ± 0.2) wide at guard; handle, N = 21, 7.5–10.0 (9.0 ± 0.77) long; blade, N = 21, 5.6–8.2 (7.1 ± 0.6) long. Guard of middle pairs of hooks reduced relative to large outer hooks, blade deeply curved and falcate (
<figureCitation id="13162A2F5C03FF81BEEDE394FB326F8E" box="[1195,1263,909,935]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1428,1453]" captionTargetBox="[108,1440,947,1334]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1330]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 9. Egg of Hymenolepis cratogeomyos n. sp. showing relatively delicate of development of embryo hooks with usual dimorphic hooks of the lateral pairs and the monomorphic hooks of the central pair in the embryophore larva" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3763499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3763499/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33765215C03FF81BA81E3A8FEB76FC6" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C03FF81BA81E3A8FEB76FC6" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,1295]" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81BA81E3A8FE8F6FE2" bold="true" box="[199,338,945,971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">Etymology:</emphasis>
This tapeworm species was named after the generic name of its 
<typeStatus id="549688085C03FF81BE50E3A8FB9B6FE2" box="[1046,1094,945,971]" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">type</typeStatus>
host “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81BECBE3ABFAF76FE2" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[1165,1322,946,971]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81BECBE3ABFAF76FE2" box="[1165,1322,946,971]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” meaning “of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81BA84E3CCFE8A6FC6" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" box="[194,343,981,1007]" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Cratogeomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81BA84E3CCFE8A6FC6" box="[194,343,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">Cratogeomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.”
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33765215C03FF81BA81E3E1FF246926" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C03FF81BA81E3E1FF246926" blockId="11.[151,1437,152,1295]" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81BA81E3E1FE0B683A" bold="true" box="[199,470,1016,1043]" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">Differential Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81BB98E3E0FCC8683A" authority="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz, 2020" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[478,789,1017,1043]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81BB98E3E0FCC8683A" box="[478,789,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">Hymenolepis cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81B95BE3E0FC80683A" bold="true" box="[797,861,1017,1043]" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A57C35C03FF81B95BE3E0FC80683A" box="[797,861,1017,1043]" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
exhibits characteristics of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81BEC8E3E0FAFD683A" authorityName="Weinland" authorityYear="1858" box="[1166,1312,1017,1043]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81BEC8E3E0FAFD683A" box="[1166,1312,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">Hymenolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as defined by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B5B5C03FF81BAFAE404FEA1681E" author="Yamaguti, S." box="[188,380,1052,1079]" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" refId="ref13166" refString="Yamaguti, S. (1959) Systema helminthum. Vol. II. The cestodes of vertebrates. Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York and London, 860 pp." type="book" year="1959">Yamaguti (1959)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B5B5C03FF81BBFEE404FDB76811" author="Schmidt, G. D." box="[440,618,1053,1080]" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" pagination="1 - 675" refId="ref12623" refString="Schmidt, G. D. (1986) CRC Handbook of tapeworm identification. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 1 - 675." type="book chapter" year="1986">Schmidt (1986)</bibRefCitation>
but later refined by Makarikov &amp; Tkach (2013). There is no evidence that geomyid rodents have ever occurred in the Palearctic region (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B5B5C03FF81B9C7E458FB746872" author="Kurten, B. &amp; Anderson, E." box="[897,1193,1089,1115]" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" pagination="1 - 442" refId="ref12047" refString="Kurten, B. &amp; Anderson, E. (1980) Pleistocene Mammals of North America. Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 1 - 442. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1380422" type="book chapter" year="1980">Kurtén &amp; Anderson, 1980</bibRefCitation>
) therefore we restrict comparison of this species with those of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81B88BE47CFC826856" authorityName="Weinland" authorityYear="1858" box="[717,863,1125,1151]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81B88BE47CFC826856" box="[717,863,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">Hymenolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known to occur in mammals from the Nearctic and Neotropical regions, see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B5B5C03FF81BBF3E490FDB8688A" author="Gardner, S. L." box="[437,613,1160,1187]" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" pagination="1463 - 1469" refId="ref11421" refString="Gardner, S. L. (1985) Helminth parasites of Thomomys bulbivorus (Richardson) (Rodentia: Geomyidae), with the description of a new species of Hymenolepis (Cestoda). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 1463 - 1469. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 219" type="journal article" year="1985">Gardner (1985)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B5B5C03FF81B8E7E490FC06688A" author="Gardner, S. L. &amp; Schmidt, G. D." box="[673,987,1161,1187]" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" pagination="896 - 903" refId="ref11481" refString="Gardner, S. L. &amp; Schmidt, G. D. (1988) Cestodes of the genus Hymenolepis Weinland, 1858 sensu stricto from pocket gophers Geomys and Thomomys spp. (Rodentia: Geomyidae) in Colorado and Oregon, with a discriminant analysis of four species of Hymenolepis. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 66, 896 - 903. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 88 - 132" type="journal article" year="1988">Gardner &amp; Schmidt (1988)</bibRefCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81B9AEE490FAFD688A" authority="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz, 2020" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[1000,1312,1161,1187]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81B9AEE490FAFD688A" box="[1000,1312,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">Hymenolepis cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81BF6CE490FAB6688A" bold="true" box="[1322,1387,1161,1187]" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A57C35C03FF81BF6CE490FAB6688A" box="[1322,1387,1161,1187]" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be recognized as distinct from all known species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81B8A7E4B4FCAE68EE" authorityName="Weinland" authorityYear="1858" box="[737,883,1197,1223]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81B8A7E4B4FCAE68EE" box="[737,883,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">Hymenolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Nearctic region by possessing a greater width of dorsal osmoregulatory canal, longer seminal receptacle, and an apical organ sac with lightly crenulated margins.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33765215C03FF87BAD1E578FDC16EAE" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="371" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C03FF81BAD1E578FB406952" blockId="11.[151,1181,1377,1403]" box="[151,1181,1377,1403]" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81BAD1E578FE806952" bold="true" box="[151,349,1377,1403]" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">Comparisons of</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81BB23E57BFDF06952" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[357,557,1378,1403]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81BB23E57BFDF06952" box="[357,557,1378,1403]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">H. cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81B872E578FB406952" bold="true" box="[564,1181,1377,1403]" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">with other hymenolepidids from geomyid rodents</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C03FF81BAD1E5B0FA8F6A06" blockId="11.[151,1437,1449,2015]" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81BAD1E5B0FE1169EA" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,460,1449,1475]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81BAD1E5B0FE1169EA" box="[151,460,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">Hymenolepis cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81B81BE5B3FD3569EA" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Schmidt" authorityYear="1988" box="[605,744,1449,1475]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="geomydis">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81B81BE5B3FD3569EA" box="[605,744,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">H. geomydis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a greater number of proglottids, longer apical organ, shorter and narrower apical organ sac, shorter neck, smaller vitelline gland, wider ventral osmoregulatory canals, longer and wider external seminal vesicle, smaller width of egg and embryo, anlagen of genitalia appearing earlier, wider guard of first and third pairs of large hooks, more compact ovary, and smooth vitelline gland margins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C03FF81BA81E620FD3F6BBE" blockId="11.[151,1437,1449,2015]" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81BA81E620FE216A7A" authority="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz, 2020" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[199,508,1593,1619]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81BA81E620FE216A7A" box="[199,508,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">Hymenolepis cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81B844E620FD9D6A7A" bold="true" box="[514,576,1593,1619]" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A57C35C03FF81B844E620FD9D6A7A" box="[514,576,1593,1619]" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be separated from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81B978E623FC116A7A" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Schmidt" authorityYear="1988" box="[830,972,1593,1619]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="weldensis">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81B978E623FC116A7A" box="[830,972,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">H. weldensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following characters: wider strobila, a greater number of proglottids, longer apical organ, shorter and narrower apical organ sac, shorter neck, shorter cirrus sac, longer testes, longer and wider external seminal vesicle, expanded ovary, deeper genital atrium, narrower embryo, and earlier anlagen of genitalia. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81B836E6BCFC756A96" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[624,936,1701,1727]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81B836E6BCFC756A96" box="[624,936,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">Hymenolepis cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81BE3EE6BFFAD46A96" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Schmidt" authorityYear="1988" box="[1144,1289,1701,1727]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="weldensis">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81BE3EE6BFFAD46A96" box="[1144,1289,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">H. weldensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the shape and armature pattern of the cirrus, the cirrus of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81B8E3E6D3FCB96ACA" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[677,868,1738,1763]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81B8E3E6D3FCB96ACA" box="[677,868,1738,1763]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">H. cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is partially clavate with well-defined gridded rows of minute hooks. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81BB1CE6F4FD4D6B2E" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[346,656,1773,1799]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81BB1CE6F4FD4D6B2E" box="[346,656,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">Hymenolepis cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81B965E6F7FC0E6B2E" authorityName="Gardner" authorityYear="1985" box="[803,979,1773,1799]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tualatinensis">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81B965E6F7FC0E6B2E" box="[803,979,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">H. tualatinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in being larger in all respects except that 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81BAD1E70BFE8B6B02" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,342,1810,1835]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81BAD1E70BFE8B6B02" box="[151,342,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">H. cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has eggs possessing embryophores that are smaller and the anlagen appears earlier in the strobila. In addition, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81BB58E72FFE006B66" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[286,477,1846,1871]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81BB58E72FFE006B66" box="[286,477,1846,1871]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">H. cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81B836E72FFCFD6B66" authorityName="Gardner" authorityYear="1985" box="[624,800,1845,1871]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tualatinensis">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81B836E72FFCFD6B66" box="[624,800,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">H. tualatinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having an ovary that is compact, fan-shaped, and with multiple lobes, genital pores, a cirrus that is clavate and with a different pattern of spines, and eggs with hooks that are much more robust than those in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81B86FE767FD076BBE" authorityName="Gardner" authorityYear="1985" box="[553,730,1917,1943]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tualatinensis">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81B86FE767FD076BBE" box="[553,730,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">H. tualatinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C03FF86BA81E7B8FC1B6D86" blockId="11.[151,1437,1449,2015]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,153,431]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="370" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81BA81E7B8FE226B92" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[199,511,1953,1979]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81BA81E7B8FE226B92" box="[199,511,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">Hymenolepis cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be readily distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81B9C9E7BBFBF86B92" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[911,1061,1954,1979]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hobergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="irazuensis">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81B9C9E7BBFBF86B92" box="[911,1061,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">H. irazuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the more compact ovary (not extremely bilobed as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81BBE6E7DFFD836BF6" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[416,606,1989,2015]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81BBE6E7DFFE696BF6" box="[416,436,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF81BB87E7DFFD836BF6" box="[449,606,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and the fact that the scolex has no sucker pockets. 
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C03FF86BED1E7DCFF0C6C9A" italics="true" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="370" pageId="11" pageNumber="369">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C03FF81BED1E7DCFAF46BF6" authorityName="Weinland" authorityYear="1858" box="[1175,1321,1989,2015]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="369" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Hymenolepis</taxonomicName>
cratogeo- myos
</emphasis>
can be readily distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86B811E083FD366C9A" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[599,747,154,179]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hobergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="irazuensis">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86B811E083FD366C9A" box="[599,747,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">H. irazuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a longer and wider strobila, greater number of proglottids, shorter and narrower apical organ sac, narrower neck, wider seminal receptacle, shorter and wider ovary, smaller vitelline gland, shorter and wider external seminal vesicle, deeper genital atrium, wider ventral excretory canal, and longer and wider eggs and embryo. The embryo hooks of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86B9E4E11FFBBF6D36" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[930,1122,262,287]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86B9E4E11FFBBF6D36" box="[930,1122,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">H. cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from the hooks of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86BFC7E11FFED46D6A" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hobergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="irazuensis">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86BFC7E11FFED46D6A" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">H. irazuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following characters: a longer handle, blade, and total length and a narrower guard of the big and small hooks of the first and third pairs, and greater total length of the middle embryo hooks. Additionally, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86BF0DE157FED26DA2" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86BF0DE157FED26DA2" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">H. cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an ovary that is multilobed with deep small lobes and not extremely bilobed, cirrus sac that partially overlaps the ventral excretory canal, and a smooth-edged vitelline gland.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C04FF86BAD1E218FA416E32" blockId="12.[151,1436,512,575]" box="[151,1436,512,540]" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86BAD1E218FE806E32" bold="true" box="[151,349,513,539]" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">Comparisons of</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86BB20E21BFDED6E32" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[358,560,513,539]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="373" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86BB20E21BFDED6E32" box="[358,560,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">
H. 
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86BBCCE218FDED6E32" bold="true" box="[394,560,513,539]" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86B83EE218FCCB6E35" authorityName="Weinland" authorityYear="1858" box="[632,790,513,540]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86B83EE218FCCB6E35" bold="true" box="[632,790,513,540]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">Hymenolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from Sciurid, Cricetid, and Murid Rodents in
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C04FF86BAD1E23CFEF26E16" blockId="12.[151,1436,512,575]" box="[151,303,548,575]" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86BAD1E23CFEC16E16" bold="true" box="[151,284,548,575]" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">the Nearcti</emphasis>
c.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C04FF86BAD1E274FE466F76" blockId="12.[151,1437,621,2015]" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86BAD1E274FE136EAE" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,462,621,647]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86BAD1E274FE136EAE" box="[151,462,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">Hymenolepis cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86B89EE277FC486EAE" box="[728,917,621,647]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hobergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="robertrauschi">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86B89EE277FC486EAE" box="[728,917,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">H. robertrauschi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a longer and wider strobila, greater number of proglottids, longer apical organ, shorter cirrus sac, longer and wider external seminal vesicle, wider ventral canals, narrower internal seminal vesicle, narrower embryo, and the anlagen of the genitalia appears earlier in the strobila. In addition, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86BB8AE2C3FD516EDA" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[460,652,730,755]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86BB8AE2C3FD516EDA" box="[460,652,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">H. cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86B965E2C3FC026EDA" box="[803,991,729,755]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hobergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="robertrauschi">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86B965E2C3FC026EDA" box="[803,991,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">H. robertrauschi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following characters: a piriform cirrus sac, cirrus armature arrangement of well-defined rows, and cirrus sac that crosses osmoregulatory canals to the mid line of the ventral canal, this in contrast to the cirrus sac of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86B9C4E33BFBE06F12" box="[898,1085,801,827]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hobergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="robertrauschi">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86B9C4E33BFBE06F12" box="[898,1085,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">H. robertrauschi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that does not touch or cross the osmoregulatory canals.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C04FF86BA81E370FE1B681E" blockId="12.[151,1437,621,2015]" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86BA81E370FE216FAA" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[199,508,873,899]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86BA81E370FE216FAA" box="[199,508,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">Hymenolepis cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86B8CCE373FD2C6FAA" box="[650,753,874,899]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hobergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pitymi">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86B8CCE373FD2C6FAA" box="[650,753,874,899]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">H. pitymi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following characters: longer and wider strobila, greater number of proglottids, shorter apical organ, wider apical organ sac, longer and wider neck, longer and wider cirrus sac, longer and wider external seminal vesicle, longer and wider internal seminal vesicle, wider seminal receptacle, longer and wider ovary, longer vitelline gland, deeper genital atrium, wider ventral excretory canals, longer and wider eggs, wider embryos, and greater total length of middle embryo hooks and a cirrus armature arrangement of well-defined gridded rows.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C04FF86BA81E458FEE76926" blockId="12.[151,1437,621,2015]" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86BA81E458FE226872" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[199,511,1089,1115]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86BA81E458FE226872" box="[199,511,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">Hymenolepis cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized as distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86B9D3E45BFBC96872" box="[917,1044,1089,1115]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hobergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="folkertsi">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86B9D3E45BFBC96872" box="[917,1044,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">H. folkertsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a wider strobila, greater number of proglottids, shorter apical organ, shorter and narrower apical organ sac, deeper genital atrium, wider seminal receptacle, longer and wider external seminal vesicle, longer and wider testes, and wider ventral canals. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86BAD1E4B4FE1068EE" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,461,1197,1223]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86BAD1E4B4FE1068EE" box="[151,461,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">Hymenolepis cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86B8B8E4B7FCA068EE" box="[766,893,1197,1223]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hobergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="folkertsi">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86B8B8E4B7FCA068EE" box="[766,893,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">H. folkertsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having the following characters: piriform cirrus sac that usually overlaps the ventral excretory canal, clavate cirrus, and a much more reduced AO relative to that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86BAF0E4EFFEE96926" box="[182,308,1269,1295]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hobergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="folkertsi">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86BAF0E4EFFEE96926" box="[182,308,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">H. folkertsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C04FF86BA81E500FE636A22" blockId="12.[151,1437,621,2015]" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86BA81E500FDDC691A" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[199,513,1305,1331]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86BA81E500FDDC691A" box="[199,513,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">Hymenolepis cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is readily distinguishable from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86B93EE503FBDF691A" baseAuthorityName="Rudolphi" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[888,1026,1305,1331]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="diminuta">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86B93EE503FBDF691A" box="[888,1026,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">H. diminuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following characters: wider strobila, more great number of proglottids, longer apical organ, shorter and narrower apical organ sac, longer neck, shorter cirrus sac, wider external seminal vesicle, shorter internal seminal vesicle, deeper genital atrium, wider ventral excretory canals, narrower embryo, narrower guard of middle embryo hooks, and earlier anlagen of genitalia. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86BAD1E5B0FE1369EA" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,462,1449,1475]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86BAD1E5B0FE1369EA" box="[151,462,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">Hymenolepis cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized as distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86B918E5B3FC3869EA" baseAuthorityName="Rudolphi" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[862,997,1449,1475]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="diminuta">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86B918E5B3FC3869EA" box="[862,997,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">H. diminuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following characters: non-alternating genital pores, a cirrus sac that usually overlaps the ventral excretory canal, and cirrus spines formed in evenly spaced rows and columns.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C04FF86BA81E60CFAAE6B2E" blockId="12.[151,1437,621,2015]" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">
Generally, the characters that serve to distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86B8B1E60FFCA06A06" baseAuthorityName="Rudolphi" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[759,893,1557,1583]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="diminuta">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86B8B1E60FFCA06A06" box="[759,893,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">H. diminuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other species also suffice to distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86BFC7E60FFF0A6A7A" baseAuthorityName="McLeod" baseAuthorityYear="1933" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="citelli">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86BFC7E60FFF0A6A7A" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">H. citelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other species as the adult characters of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86B89EE623FC836A7A" baseAuthorityName="Rudolphi" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[728,862,1593,1619]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="diminuta">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86B89EE623FC836A7A" box="[728,862,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">H. diminuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86B9D0E623FC246A7A" baseAuthorityName="McLeod" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[918,1017,1593,1619]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="citelli">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86B9D0E623FC246A7A" box="[918,1017,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">H. citelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appear indistinguishable (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B5B5C04FF86BF67E620FEEB6A5E" author="Gardner, S. L. &amp; Schmidt, G. D." pageId="12" pageNumber="370" pagination="896 - 903" refId="ref11481" refString="Gardner, S. L. &amp; Schmidt, G. D. (1988) Cestodes of the genus Hymenolepis Weinland, 1858 sensu stricto from pocket gophers Geomys and Thomomys spp. (Rodentia: Geomyidae) in Colorado and Oregon, with a discriminant analysis of four species of Hymenolepis. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 66, 896 - 903. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 88 - 132" type="journal article" year="1988">Gardner &amp; Schmidt 1988</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86BB0EE644FDA06A5E" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[328,637,1629,1655]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86BB0EE644FDA06A5E" box="[328,637,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">Hymenolepis cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized as distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86BE47E647FBBF6A5E" baseAuthorityName="McLeod" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[1025,1122,1629,1655]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="citelli">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86BE47E647FBBF6A5E" box="[1025,1122,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">H. citelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following characters: wider strobila, shorter apical organ, shorter and narrower apical organ sac, longer and wider neck, longer and wider internal seminal vesicle, longer external seminal vesicle, longer testes, wider seminal receptacle, wider ventral excretory canal, wider cirrus sac, piriform cirrus sac, and a genital pore that is non-alternating. Note: It is the opinion of the authors that new specimens from the 
<typeStatus id="549688085C04FF86B8C7E6F4FD6C6B2E" box="[641,689,1773,1799]" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86B974E6F7FC496B2E" baseAuthorityName="McLeod" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[818,916,1773,1799]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="citelli">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86B974E6F7FC496B2E" box="[818,916,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">H. citelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be collected to confirm its validity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C04FF87BA81E708FDA96D36" blockId="12.[151,1437,621,2015]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,153,287]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="371" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86BA81E708FE226B02" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[199,511,1809,1835]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86BA81E708FE226B02" box="[199,511,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">Hymenolepis cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized as distinct from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86B9D1E70BFB726B02" authority="Schultz, 1939" authorityName="Schultz" authorityYear="1939" box="[919,1199,1809,1835]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hobergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="scalopi">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86B9D1E70BFBD66B02" box="[919,1035,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">H. scalopi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B5B5C04FF86BE52E708FB726B02" author="Schultz, R. L." box="[1044,1199,1809,1835]" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" pagination="641 - 645" refId="ref12655" refString="Schultz, R. L. (1939) Hymenolepis scalopi n. sp. American Midland Naturalist, 22 (3), 641 - 645. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2420519" type="journal article" year="1939">Schultz, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
described from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86BF2CE708FDDE6B66" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Talpidae" genus="Scalopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquaticus">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86BF2CE708FE966B66" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">Scalopus aquaticus</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
collected from the vicinity of Stillwater, 
<collectingRegion id="49E9F8485C04FF86B9A2E72CFB846B66" box="[996,1113,1845,1871]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
by the following characters (see 
<tableCitation id="C6AF03115C04FF86BA8DE740FEFF6B5A" box="[203,290,1881,1907]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,239,540,566]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 2. Quantitative and qualitative characters of Hymenolepis and Hobergia n. gen., n. sp. of the Nearctic and Northern Neotropical Region (all units in micrometers unless otherwise indicated)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5266225C0BFF89BAD1E205FEAA6E73" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" tableUuid="DF5266225C0BFF89BAD1E205FEAA6E73">Table 2</tableCitation>
): wider strobila, greater number of proglottids, longer apical organ, shorter and narrower apical organ sac, earlier anlagen of genitalia, longer and wider external seminal vesicle, longer testes, wider seminal receptacle, shorter ovary, shorter vitelline gland, wider and shorter neck, deeper genital atrium, and a larger ventral excretory canal. In addition, 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86BB2AE7DFFDF06BF6" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[364,557,1990,2015]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86BB2AE7DFFDF06BF6" box="[364,557,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">H. cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C04FF86B971E7DFFC716BF6" authorityName="Schultz" authorityYear="1939" box="[823,940,1989,2015]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hobergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="12" pageNumber="370" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="scalopi">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C04FF86B971E7DFFC716BF6" box="[823,940,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="370">H. scalopi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a piriform cirrus sac that extends further than the ventral excretory canal, and a larger ovary that is expanded laterally. Note: It is interesting that this species has never been reported after its initial description. At this time we have been unable to locate the voucher specimens of the 
<typeStatus id="549688085C05FF87BB10E0F8FE5B6CD2" box="[342,390,225,251]" pageId="13" pageNumber="371">type</typeStatus>
host 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C05FF87BB87E0FBFDEF6CD2" authorityName="Schultz" authorityYear="1939" box="[449,562,225,251]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hobergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="371" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="scalopi">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C05FF87BB87E0FBFDEF6CD2" box="[449,562,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="371">H. scalopi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
so it remains an enigma as to whether this cestode was actually recovered from a mole collected from near Stillwater, OK.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C05FF87BAD1E168FBD46DA2" blockId="13.[151,1033,368,395]" box="[151,1033,368,395]" pageId="13" pageNumber="371">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C05FF87BAD1E168FBD46DA2" bold="true" box="[151,1033,368,395]" pageId="13" pageNumber="371">
Prevalence of hymenolepidids in 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C05FF87B875E168FD1C6DA2" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1845" box="[563,705,369,395]" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="13" pageNumber="371" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Geomyidae</taxonomicName>
of 
<collectingCountry id="F33A763A5C05FF87B8AEE168FCAD6DA2" box="[744,880,369,395]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="13" pageNumber="371">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F33A763A5C05FF87B9E8E169FBD46DA2" box="[942,1033,368,395]" name="Mexico" pageId="13" pageNumber="371">México</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C05FF87BAD1E1A0FCC66E16" blockId="13.[151,1436,441,647]" pageId="13" pageNumber="371">
During the field work by Bonino in 
<collectingCountry id="F33A763A5C05FF87B877E1A0FD716DFA" box="[561,684,441,467]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="13" pageNumber="371">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(
<date id="FF93106A5C05FF87B8FAE1A0FCE26DFA" box="[700,831,441,467]" pageId="13" pageNumber="371" value="1989" valueMax="1990">1989–1990</date>
), 127 individuals of 
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C05FF87BE6FE1A3FB1D6DFA" box="[1065,1216,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="371">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C05FF87BE6FE1A3FB616DFA" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[1065,1212,441,467]" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Heterogeomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="13" pageNumber="371" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterodus">H. heterodus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
were collected and examined for helminths. 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C05FF87BBF7E1C4FD486DDE" authority="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz, 2020" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[433,661,477,503]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hobergia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="371" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="irazuensis" status="n. gen., n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C05FF87BBF7E1C4FD486DDE" box="[433,661,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="371">Hobergia irazuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C05FF87B8DBE1C4FCE76DDE" bold="true" box="[669,826,477,503]" pageId="13" pageNumber="371">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A57C35C05FF87B8DBE1C4FCE76DDE" box="[669,826,477,503]" pageId="13" pageNumber="371" rank="species">n. gen., n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
was found in 1.6% of all specimens examined; all infected individual pocket gophers were found at a single collection locality, occurring in 5.3% of those individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C05FF87BAF0E23FFE986E16" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[182,325,549,575]" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Heterogeomys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="13" pageNumber="371" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heterodus">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C05FF87BAF0E23FFE986E16" box="[182,325,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="371">H. heterodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined at the locality Potrero Cerrado.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236AA5C05FF87BA81E250FDC16EAE" blockId="13.[151,1436,441,647]" pageId="13" pageNumber="371">
Relative to 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C05FF87BB0DE250FD5F6E4A" authority="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz, 2020" authorityName="Gardner &amp; Dursahinhan &amp; Campbell &amp; Rácz" authorityYear="2020" box="[331,642,585,611]" class="Cestoda" family="Hymenolepididae" genus="Hymenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyclophyllidea" pageId="13" pageNumber="371" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cratogeomyos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C05FF87BB0DE250FD5F6E4A" box="[331,642,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="371">Hymenolepis cratogeomyos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C05FF87B8CCE250FD176E4A" bold="true" box="[650,714,585,611]" pageId="13" pageNumber="371">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A57C35C05FF87B8CCE250FD176E4A" box="[650,714,585,611]" pageId="13" pageNumber="371" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, one individual of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D295C05FF87B9E5E250FBED6E4A" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1895" box="[931,1072,585,611]" class="Mammalia" family="Geomyidae" genus="Cratogeomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="13" pageNumber="371" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">
<emphasis id="B959EAB85C05FF87B9E5E250FBED6E4A" box="[931,1072,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="371">C. planiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was incidentally found infected with cestodes (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B5B5C05FF87BB7BE274FDCD6EAE" author="Hafner, M. S. &amp; Spradling, T. A. &amp; Light, J. E. &amp; Hafner, D. J. &amp; Demboski, J. R." box="[317,528,621,647]" pageId="13" pageNumber="371" pagination="1170 - 1183" refId="ref11692" refString="Hafner, M. S., Spradling, T. A., Light, J. E., Hafner, D. J. &amp; Demboski, J. R. (2004) Systematic revision of pocket gophers of the Cratogeomys gymnurus species group. Journal of Mammalogy, 85, 1170 - 1183. https: // doi. org / 10.1644 / ber- 122.1" type="journal article" year="2004">
Hafner 
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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