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<document id="5CA66DD39657723D557EA1307F574172" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4264.1.1SLASH11014" ID-CLB-Dataset="33065" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.574211" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d070516d-5b58-4186-886c-b2234d056494" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="574211" ID-ZooBank="3CE3AFC2-B03B-4466-855E-BB5BA324A010" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1494487059344" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pereira, Edson H. L. &amp; Reis, Roberto E." docDate="2017" docId="03F487E7AD32FFD8FF4EF8816D15F89D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4264.1.1SLASH11014.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4264 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Neoplecostomus Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann 1888" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="74" masterDocId="FFCDFF9FAD7AFF91FFD9FFB86822FFD0" masterDocTitle="Morphology-based phylogeny of the suckermouth armored catfishes, with emphasis on the Neoplecostominae (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae)" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="73" updateTime="1698439483280" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="03AF3A600B69FD709924E5D818A3AED7">Morphology-based phylogeny of the suckermouth armored catfishes, with emphasis on the Neoplecostominae (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="36B934AF236817E24B8600FE92D2069B">Pereira, Edson H. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9D1939CAF474827ECD7D39EAC6535B45">Reis, Roberto E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="87C2337202FB40D76986FF4B88668456">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="AB754B70B0313B686A324384341302D1">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="04DA98E87BA8762BF64819F509879DE9" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A69C5E6EB63D39801FE8566DA254B437">4264</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E72895CB66468F10D4139D51044C7583" type="CLB-Dataset">33065</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FD66AF6F920F7C28C2AEA4AD77B0475C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.574211</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="092B8DF29EB77124DF3BAAAD8E4ECFAD" type="Zenodo-Dep">574211</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F487E7AD32FFD8FF4EF8816D15F89D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6028815" ID-GBIF-Taxon="130509434" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6028815" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F487E7AD32FFD8FF4EF8816D15F89D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F487E7AD32FFD8FF4EF8816D15F89D" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<subSubSection id="C347657AAD32FFD9FF4EF8816B68F883" box="[151,842,1848,1875]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE236F1AD32FFD9FF4EF8816B68F883" blockId="72.[151,842,1848,1875]" box="[151,842,1848,1875]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<heading id="D0AA819DAD32FFD9FF4EF8816B68F883" bold="true" box="[151,842,1848,1875]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD32FFD9FF4EF8816B68F883" bold="true" box="[151,842,1848,1875]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD32FFD9FF37F8806B68F883" ID-CoL="62D3" ID-ENA="245747" authority="Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann, 1888" authorityName="Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann" authorityYear="1888" box="[238,842,1848,1875]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD32FFD9FF37F8806991F882" bold="true" box="[238,435,1848,1874]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Neoplecostomus</emphasis>
Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann, 1888
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C347657AAD32FFD8FF4EF8C26D57FE90" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE236F1AD32FFD9FF4EF8C269BAF87F" blockId="72.[151,1436,1914,1967]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD32FFD9FF4EF8C26AF9F840" ID-CoL="62D3" authority="Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann, 1888: 171" authorityName="Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann" authorityPageNumber="171" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,731,1914,1936]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD32FFD9FF4EF8C2691FF840" box="[151,317,1914,1936]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Neoplecostomus</emphasis>
Eigenmann &amp; Eigenmann, 1888: 171
</taxonomicName>
. Type species:
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD32FFD9FC5AF8C26D14F840" authority="Steindachner, 1877" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1877" box="[899,1334,1914,1936]" family="Loricariidae" genus="Plecostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD32FFD9FC5AF8C26C42F840" box="[899,1120,1914,1936]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Plecostomus microps</emphasis>
Steindachner, 1877
</taxonomicName>
. Type by original designation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE236F1AD32FFD8FF4EF8646D57FE90" blockId="72.[151,1436,2012,2037]" lastBlockId="73.[151,1437,151,1869]" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD32FFD9FF4EF8646940F825" bold="true" box="[151,354,2012,2037]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Included species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD32FFD9FEB3F8646C1DF824" ID-CoL="46QNV" authority="Roxo, Oliveira &amp; Zawadzki, 2012" authorityName="Roxo, Oliveira &amp; Zawadzki" authorityYear="2012" box="[362,1087,2012,2037]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bandeirante">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD32FFD9FEB3F8646A92F825" box="[362,688,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Neoplecostomus bandeirante</emphasis>
Roxo, Oliveira &amp; Zawadzki, 2012
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD32FFD8FB92F8656971FF60" ID-CoL="46QNW" authority="Roxo, Oliveira &amp; Zawadzki, 2012" authorityName="Roxo, Oliveira &amp; Zawadzki" authorityYear="2012" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" order="Siluriformes" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="botucatu">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD32FFD9FB92F8656CECF825" box="[1099,1230,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">N. botucatu</emphasis>
Roxo, Oliveira &amp; Zawadzki, 2012
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FEBAFF216BE1FF60" ID-CoL="46QNX" authority="Zawadzki, Pavanelli &amp; Langeani, 2008" authorityName="Zawadzki, Pavanelli &amp; Langeani" authorityYear="2008" box="[355,963,151,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corumba">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FEBAFF2169CEFF60" box="[355,492,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">N. corumba</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B00AD33FFD8FE2EFF2F6BE1FF60" author="Zawadzki" box="[503,963,151,176]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Zawadzki, C. H., Pavanelli, C. S. &amp; Langeani, F. (2008) Neoplecostomus (Teleostei: Loricariidae) from the upper Rio Parana basin, Brazil, with description of three new species. Zootaxa, 1757, 31 - 48." type="journal article" year="2008">Zawadzki, Pavanelli &amp; Langeani, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FC0AFF216919FF04" ID-CoL="46QNY" authority="Roxo, Silva, Zawadzki &amp; Oliveira, 2014" authorityName="Roxo, Silva, Zawadzki &amp; Oliveira" authorityYear="2014" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doceensis">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FC0AFF216C44FF60" box="[979,1126,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">N. doceensis</emphasis>
Roxo, Silva, Zawadzki &amp; Oliveira, 2014
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FE9EFF056AF9FF04" ID-CoL="46QNZ" authority="Langeani, 1990" authorityName="Langeani" authorityYear="1990" box="[327,731,188,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="espiritosantensis">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FE9EFF056A01FF04" box="[327,547,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">N. espiritosantensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B00AD33FFD8FDF3FF046AF9FF04" author="Langeani" box="[554,731,188,213]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Langeani, F. (1990) Revisao do genero Neoplecostomus, com a descricao de quatro especies novas do sudeste brasileiro (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes, Loricariidae). Comunicacoes do Museu de Ciencias da PUCRS, Serie Zoologia, 3, 3 - 31." type="journal article" year="1990">Langeani, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FD3FFF056C42FF04" ID-CoL="46QP3" authority="Langeani, 1990" authorityName="Langeani" authorityYear="1990" box="[742,1120,188,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="franciscoensis">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FD3FFF056B85FF04" box="[742,935,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">N. franciscoensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B00AD33FFD8FC77FF046C42FF04" author="Langeani" box="[942,1120,188,213]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Langeani, F. (1990) Revisao do genero Neoplecostomus, com a descricao de quatro especies novas do sudeste brasileiro (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes, Loricariidae). Comunicacoes do Museu de Ciencias da PUCRS, Serie Zoologia, 3, 3 - 31." type="journal article" year="1990">Langeani, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FBB3FF0568F9FF28" ID-CoL="46QP4" authority="Valenciennes, 1840" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1840" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granosus">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FBB3FF056CD3FF04" box="[1130,1265,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">N. granosus</emphasis>
(Valenciennes, 1840)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FF34FF596A9FFF28" ID-CoL="46QP5" authority="Andrade &amp; Langeani, 2014" authorityName="Andrade &amp; Langeani" authorityYear="2014" box="[237,701,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jaguari">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FF34FF596944FF28" box="[237,358,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">N. jaguari</emphasis>
Andrade &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B00AD33FFD8FDDCFF676A9FFF28" author="Langeani" box="[517,701,223,248]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Martins, F. O., Britski, H. A. &amp; Langeani, F. (2014) Systematics of Pseudotothyris (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae)." type="book" year="2014">Langeani, 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FD16FF596D28FF28" ID-CoL="46QP6" authority="Roxo, Oliveira &amp; Zawadzki, 2012" authorityName="Roxo, Oliveira &amp; Zawadzki" authorityYear="2012" box="[719,1290,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="langeanii">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FD16FF596B42FF28" box="[719,864,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">N. langeanii</emphasis>
Roxo, Oliveira &amp; Zawadzki, 2012
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FAC5FF5969A9FECC" authority="Steindachner, 1877" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1877" family="Loricariidae" genus="Plecostomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microps">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FAC5FF596DBEFF28" box="[1308,1436,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">N. microps</emphasis>
(Steindachner, 1877)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FE46FEBD6B29FECC" ID-CoL="46QP8" authority="Langeani, 1990" authorityName="Langeani" authorityYear="1990" box="[415,779,260,285]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paranensis">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FE46FEBD6A61FECC" box="[415,579,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">N. paranensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B00AD33FFD8FD8BFEBC6B29FECC" author="Langeani" box="[594,779,260,285]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Langeani, F. (1990) Revisao do genero Neoplecostomus, com a descricao de quatro especies novas do sudeste brasileiro (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes, Loricariidae). Comunicacoes do Museu de Ciencias da PUCRS, Serie Zoologia, 3, 3 - 31." type="journal article" year="1990">Langeani, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FCC6FEBD6CA5FECC" ID-CoL="46QP9" authority="Langeani, 1990" authorityName="Langeani" authorityYear="1990" box="[799,1159,260,285]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ribeirensis">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FCC6FEBD6B9DFECD" box="[799,959,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">N. ribeirensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B00AD33FFD8FC14FEBC6CA5FECC" author="Langeani" box="[973,1159,260,285]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Langeani, F. (1990) Revisao do genero Neoplecostomus, com a descricao de quatro especies novas do sudeste brasileiro (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes, Loricariidae). Comunicacoes do Museu de Ciencias da PUCRS, Serie Zoologia, 3, 3 - 31." type="journal article" year="1990">Langeani, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FB42FEBD69F6FE90" ID-CoL="6RW4W" authority="Zawadzki, Pavanelli &amp; Langeani, 2008" authorityName="Zawadzki, Pavanelli &amp; Langeani" authorityYear="2008" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="selenae">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FB42FEBD6D3AFECD" box="[1179,1304,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">N. selenae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B00AD33FFD8FAFFFEBC69F6FE90" author="Zawadzki" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Zawadzki, C. H., Pavanelli, C. S. &amp; Langeani, F. (2008) Neoplecostomus (Teleostei: Loricariidae) from the upper Rio Parana basin, Brazil, with description of three new species. Zootaxa, 1757, 31 - 48." type="journal article" year="2008">Zawadzki, Pavanelli &amp; Langeani, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FE39FE916B3CFE90" ID-CoL="46QPB" authority="Bizerril, 1995" authorityName="Bizerril" authorityYear="1995" box="[480,798,295,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variipictus">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FE39FE916A5AFE90" box="[480,632,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">N. variipictus</emphasis>
Bizerril, 1995
</taxonomicName>
; and
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FC80FE916D50FE90" ID-CoL="46QPC" authority="Zawadzki, Pavanelli &amp; Langeani, 2008" authorityName="Zawadzki, Pavanelli &amp; Langeani" authorityYear="2008" box="[857,1394,295,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yapo">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FC80FE916B92FE90" box="[857,944,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">N. yapo</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B00AD33FFD8FC6EFE9F6D50FE90" author="Zawadzki" box="[951,1394,295,320]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Zawadzki, C. H., Pavanelli, C. S. &amp; Langeani, F. (2008) Neoplecostomus (Teleostei: Loricariidae) from the upper Rio Parana basin, Brazil, with description of three new species. Zootaxa, 1757, 31 - 48." type="journal article" year="2008">Zawadzki, Pavanelli &amp; Langeani, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C347657AAD33FFD8FF1EFEF46B75F930" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE236F1AD33FFD8FF1EFEF46C7FFBAD" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FF1EFEF46963FEB5" bold="true" box="[199,321,332,357]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FE96FEF46A24FEB5" box="[335,518,332,357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FE96FEF46A24FEB5" box="[335,518,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Neoplecostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is diagnosed by the following exclusive synapomorphies: Pectoral-fin spine distinctly curved, forming wide and conspicuous arch (Char. 164.1), and lateropterygium club-shaped with a spatulate distal tip (except in
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FE06FE2D6A54FE7D" box="[479,630,404,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ribeirensis">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FE06FE2D6A54FE7D" box="[479,630,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">N. ribeirensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Char. 195.1). Non-exclusive synapomorphies include: Anterior margin of mesethmoid rounded (Char. 2.1), ventral process of mesethmoid aligned with its anterior tip (Char. 5.1), olfactory organ completely encapsulated by lateral ethmoid (Char. 7.0), compound pterotic approximately square to slightly oval-shaped posteriorly, its longitudinal axis approximately equal to its transverse axis (Char. 10.0), branchiostegal ray 2, almost as long as branchiostegal ray 3 (Char. 17.1), anterior margin of anterohyal expanded centrally, and becoming narrower again towards articulation with posterohyal (Char. 22.0), anterior and posterior margins of each branchial filament fringed and ornamented with small epithelial expansions (Char. 27.1), cartilage cap of ceratobranchial 1 slightly narrower than bony tip (Char. 34.0), anteroventral process of ceratobranchial 5 long with distinctly pointed distal tip (Char. 38.1), teeth on ceratobranchial 5 robust and well developed (Char. 39.0), posterodorsal laminar expansions in upper pharyngeal tooth plate absent (Char. 48.0), medium-sized palatine splint, never reaching anterior border of nasal fossa (Char. 60.1), coronoid process with short dorsolateral expansion (Char. 65.1), dorsal articular condyle of hyomandibula very broad (Char. 72.0), crest for insertion of
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FF4EFCFC69AAFC8D" box="[151,392,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">levator arcus palatini</emphasis>
long, extending to margin of hyomandibula (Char. 78.1), lateral wall of metapterygoid lower than mesial wall (Char. 89.0), articulation between posterior margin of metapterygoid and hyomandibula by means of incomplete suture (Char. 90.1), interoperculo-mandibular ligament present between anguloarticular and opercle (Char. 91.0), preopercle with small ventrolateral expansion forming concave area laterally (Char. 100.1), ventral margin of quadrate not expanded (Char. 103.2), canal plate bent and with ventral expansion directed mesially (Char. 109.1), notch on posterior margin of hypural plate deep, extending to half length of hypural plate (Char. 218.1), possession of cluster of enlarged papillae in region immediately posterior to each dentary (Char. 253.1), premaxillary and dentary tooth crowns short and robust (Char. 259.1), and tooth cusps asymmetric with minor lateral cusp long, reaching to or beyond half length of main mesial cusp (Char. 260.2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE236F1AD33FFD8FF1EFB3F6B75F930" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FF1EFB3F694EFB70" bold="true" box="[199,364,1159,1184]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Comparisons.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FEADFB3F6A09FB70" box="[372,555,1159,1184]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FEADFB3F6A09FB70" box="[372,555,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Neoplecostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are distinguished from the remaining neoplecostomines by possessing the olfactory organ completely encapsulated by the lateral ethmoid (
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FC2BFB156C2BFB14" box="[1010,1033,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">vs</emphasis>
. olfactory organ not completely encapsulated by the lateral ethmoid) and a conspicuous cluster of enlarged papillae on the lower lip, immediately posterior to each dentary (a similar but non-homologous cluster of papillae is also present in
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FB75FB4C6993FAE0" authority="Pereira &amp; Zanata, 2014" authorityName="Pereira &amp; Zanata" authorityYear="2014" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pareiorhaphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lophia">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FB75FB4C6DBEFADD" box="[1196,1436,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Pareiorhaphis lophia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B00AD33FFD8FF4EFAAF6993FAE0" author="Pereira" box="[151,433,1303,1328]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Pereira, E. H. L., Zanata, A., Cetra, M. &amp; Reis, R. E. (2014) A remarkable sexually dimorphic new genus and species of neoplecostomine catfish (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from a coastal drainage of eastern Brazil. Copeia, 2014, 673 - 681. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CI- 14 - 075" type="journal article" year="2014">Pereira &amp; Zanata, 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). It is further differentiated from all other neoplecostomines by having the abdomen covered by a set of rounded, compact plates forming a dense plate shield between the pectoral and pelvic-fin insertions (
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FEC5FAD96919FAA8" box="[284,315,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">vs.</emphasis>
abdomen naked or with small platelets embedded in the skin).
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FB83FAE76D30FAA8" box="[1114,1298,1375,1400]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FB83FAE76D30FAA8" box="[1114,1298,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Neoplecostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(except
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FA5BFAD96971FA4C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="espiritosantensis">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FA5BFAD96971FA4C" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">N. espiritosantensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is further distinguished from the remaining members of the subfamily by possessing short and robust dentary and premaxillary teeth (
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FD87FA116A5FFA10" box="[606,637,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">vs.</emphasis>
teeth being more slender and delicate in all other neoplecostomines except
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FF33FA746953FA35" box="[234,369,1484,1509]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Kronichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FF33FA746953FA35" box="[234,369,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kronichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
M).
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FE69FA746A4AFA35" box="[432,616,1484,1509]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FE69FA746A4AFA35" box="[432,616,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Neoplecostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FCA9FA746BD5FA35" box="[880,1015,1484,1509]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pareiorhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FCA9FA746BD5FA35" box="[880,1015,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Pareiorhina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the possession of an adipose fin (except
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FF2AFA4969B2F9D8" box="[243,400,1521,1544]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paranensis">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FF2AFA4969B2F9D8" box="[243,400,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">N. paranensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which sometimes lack this fin). It is further distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FBA5FA576D3EF9D8" box="[1148,1308,1519,1544]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Pareiorhaphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FBA5FA576D3EF9D8" box="[1148,1308,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Pareiorhaphis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species by males lacking hypertrophied odontodes on the cheeks, and from
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FCA9F9AC6BD5F9FD" box="[880,1015,1556,1581]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Kronichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FCA9F9AC6BD5F9FD" box="[880,1015,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kronichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its broad and rounded head shape (
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FF79F981689CF980" box="[160,190,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">vs.</emphasis>
head approximately rectangular in adult specimens in dorsal view).
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FC1DF98F6C5EF980" box="[964,1148,1591,1616]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FC1DF98F6C5EF980" box="[964,1148,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Neoplecostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FF0FF9E4690DF9A5" box="[214,303,1628,1653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Hirtella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FF0FF9E4690DF9A5" box="[214,303,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Hirtella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by lacking elongate, hairy odontodes on the head and body plates of adult males, and by lacking a long mid-dorsal ridge between the dorsal as well as caudal fins, both of which are present in
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FAE5F9C76DB7F948" box="[1340,1429,1663,1688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Chrysobalanaceae" genus="Hirtella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FAE5F9C76DB7F948" box="[1340,1429,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Hirtella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FF4EF91C696DF96D" box="[151,335,1700,1725]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FF4EF91C696DF96D" box="[151,335,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Neoplecostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FD4CF91C6B2FF96D" box="[661,781,1700,1725]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Astroblepidae" genus="Euryochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FD4CF91C6B2FF96D" box="[661,781,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Euryochus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having the caudal peduncle approximately ovoid in cross-section (
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FEE0F971697AF930" box="[313,344,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">vs.</emphasis>
caudal peduncle flat when viewed ventrally).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C347657AAD33FFD8FF1EF9546D15F89D" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE236F1AD33FFD8FF1EF9546D15F89D" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<materialsCitation id="3B353CACAD33FFD8FF1EF9546943F89D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1502458161" collectorName="Ribeira de Iguape" location="eastern Brazilian Shield. Most" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Parana">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FF1EF95469D3F8D5" bold="true" box="[199,497,1772,1797]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D72AD33FFD8FE22F9546A90F8D5" box="[507,690,1772,1797]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Neoplecostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B929EAE3AD33FFD8FE22F9546A90F8D5" box="[507,690,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Neoplecostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are relatively widely distributed on the southeastern and
<location id="8E82602AAD33FFD8FF4EF8A869CAF8F7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F487E7AD32FFD8FF4EF8816D15F89D:8E82602AAD33FFD8FF4EF8A869CAF8F7" box="[151,488,1807,1832]" name="eastern Brazilian Shield. Most" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" stateProvince="Parana">eastern Brazilian Shield. Most</location>
species occur in the upper
<collectingRegion id="4999F813AD33FFD8FCCCF8A86B43F8F8" box="[789,865,1808,1832]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Paraná</collectingRegion>
River basin, though others are found in the Iguaçu,
<collectorName id="26A85327AD33FFD8FF4EF88C6943F89D" box="[151,353,1844,1869]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Ribeira de Iguape</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B353CACAD33FFD8FEB5F88C6D11F89D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1502458154" box="[364,1331,1844,1869]" country="Brazil" location="upper Sao Francisco" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Paraiba">
<collectingRegion id="4999F813AD33FFD8FEB5F88C69E2F89D" box="[364,448,1844,1869]" country="Brazil" name="Paraiba" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Paraíba</collectingRegion>
do Sul,
<location id="8E82602AAD33FFD8FDC4F88D6B27F89D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F487E7AD32FFD8FF4EF8816D15F89D:8E82602AAD33FFD8FDC4F88D6B27F89D" box="[541,773,1844,1869]" country="Brazil" name="upper Sao Francisco" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" stateProvince="Paraiba">upper São Francisco</location>
, and some smaller coastal rivers of eastern
<collectingCountry id="F34A7661AD33FFD8FB32F88C6D11F89D" box="[1259,1331,1844,1869]" name="Brazil" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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