141 lines
21 KiB
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141 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="976E0D90F5B0C4CEF6BBB58C87E3C47E" ID-CLB-Dataset="21113" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2015.1010314" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca129d49-fcde-4104-a503-4602b3bac0e2" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4001803" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1598449661740" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Rotheray, Graham & Lyszkowski, Richard" docDate="2015" docId="03F4879DFF91507E9230B722FED65EED" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.49.35-36.2139-2211.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 49 (35)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:210803DF447D5DCB84349979EDD3507F.6:JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="210803DF447D5DCB84349979EDD3507F" docStyleName="JNatHist.2013-2015.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Coelopa (Fucomyia) frigida" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="2164" masterDocId="FFCDFFE5FF8850659354B35BFFD15A01" masterDocTitle="Diverse mechanisms of feeding and movement in Cyclorrhaphan larvae (Diptera)" masterLastPageNumber="2211" masterPageNumber="2139" pageNumber="2164" updateTime="1698845480682" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F307FC6D3DF431930BCE81CAE841C7B9">
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<mods:title id="1F84AAE34FB6D38DB824EACBF53F9AEC">Diverse mechanisms of feeding and movement in Cyclorrhaphan larvae (Diptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="D66AAD96A77ECF78A0C36C3EC544E0C9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3281BD39E8E19E5437D4F80467D63C1D">Rotheray, Graham</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="FF00212236AE0581364296C9C181E99D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CA01251264EDD868D7345EE723464654">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9DEBF5ACFEAFD6870158C23E55A9279E">Lyszkowski, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8553B09B4A98829A3032929E8532185E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B3C50F61B3A72E5F8DCCBA22DDB8DF5E">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8445D63603AC506703F9446565C3C377">
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<mods:date id="251D03F0F17AED32B95FE58BEE6E75AF">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0BA402A5E1826CB9DF03CF03C026EEDE">2015-02-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="29853A39AF88718F0615565EA12DC88C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="99E6621E63BF18E97F188FD7FE97A6CE">49</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="85F1758BFD5C3358B74D8467D332909C" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="0C792BEB810680ED9BEDC40029BB2A27">35</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C5BC0F0179A4662C2B7833EA77F99F9D">2139</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="23581BD506DAE79FAA03BE22C4554DB7">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E263FB1C2C266261F2D241E2B5BE6620" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2015.1010314</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F4879DFF91507E9230B722FED65EED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4330132" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167366658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4330132" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F4879DFF91507E9230B722FED65EED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4879DFF91507E9230B722FED65EED" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="2164" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164">
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<subSubSection id="C3476500FF91507C9230B722FCED5EB0" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164" type="nomenclature">
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<subSection id="E2D22F60FF91507C9230B722FCAA5E90" box="[356,891,1145,1169]" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE2368BFF91507C9230B722FCAA5E90" blockId="25.[356,891,1145,1201]" box="[356,891,1145,1169]" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164">
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<heading id="D0AA81E7FF91507C9230B722FCAA5E90" box="[356,891,1145,1169]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D08FF91507C9230B722FC995E90" ID-CoL="8BJKY" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[356,840,1145,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Coelopidae" genus="Coelopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigida" subGenus="Fucomyia">
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<emphasis id="B929EA99FF91507C9230B722FD715E90" box="[356,672,1145,1169]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164">Coelopa (Fucomyia) frigida</emphasis>
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(Coelophidae)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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<paragraph id="8BE2368BFF91507C92F6B7C2FCED5EB0" blockId="25.[356,891,1145,1201]" box="[418,828,1177,1201]" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164">
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<heading id="D0AA81E7FF91507C92F6B7C2FCED5EB0" box="[418,828,1177,1201]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D08FF91507C92F6B7C2FCED5EB0" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[418,828,1177,1201]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Calliphora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vomitoria">
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<emphasis id="B929EA99FF91507C92F6B7C2FD585EB0" box="[418,649,1177,1201]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164">Calliphora vomitoria</emphasis>
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(Calliphoridae)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3476500FF91507E93C4B783FED65EED" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="2166" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE2368BFF91507E93C4B783FED65EED" blockId="25.[144,1104,1240,1680]" lastBlockId="27.[144,1104,758,1260]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="2166" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164">
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Typically, these larvae are immersed in deep volumes of material and, compared with other saprophages, they are similar. Fully extended, the middle body compartments of both species form a gradual taper from back to front, but importantly, this gradual taper is disguised by the extent to which individual segments fold into one another so that this body compartment appears to taper in a stepped manner, i.e. across segment borders succeeding segments appear smaller abruptly rather than gradually; compare
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<figureCitation id="13662A0EFF91507C93C4B6C3FF3F5FB1" box="[144,238,1432,1456]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="6.[212,279,652,674]" captionTargetBox="[212,1171,168,620]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[212,1172,168,620]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 1. Palloptera trimacula, whole preserved larva, lateral view, length 5.5 mm, head to the right. Arrows dorsal to the rear and thoracic body compartments indicate directions segments fold into another at the borders; line through the larva is the border between the thorax and abdomen. abd1 = abdominal segment 1; as = anterior spiracle; L = locomotory spicules straddling the border between abdominal segments 3 and 4, arrow indicates position of the border; pro = prothorax; ps = pseudocephalon; psp = posterior spiracle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4001805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4001805/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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with
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<figureCitation id="13662A0EFF91507C927BB6C3FE4D5FB1" box="[303,412,1432,1456]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="29.[144,211,823,845]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,168,791]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[144,1104,168,791]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 24. Coelopha frigida, preserved larva, abdominal segment 1, thorax and pseudocephalon, lateral view, length 2.9 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4001851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4001851/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164">Figure 24</figureCitation>
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. Also, their oral cavities are bridged anteriorly and
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D08FF91507C90B1B6C3FB815FB1" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[997,1104,1432,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Coelopidae" genus="Coelopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigida">
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<emphasis id="B929EA99FF91507C90B1B6C3FB815FB1" box="[997,1104,1432,1456]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164">C. frigida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has crenulated ridges coating the bridge and the fused ends of the cephalic lobes (
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<figureCitation id="13662A0EFF91507C93CCB68CFEDB5FEE" box="[152,266,1495,1519]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="18.[212,279,1089,1111]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[212,1172,168,1057]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 14. Coelophora frigida, preserved larva, pseudocephalon, length, 1.3 mm, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4001831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4001831/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164">Figure 14</figureCitation>
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). In contrast,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D08FF91507C92EEB683FD9B5FEE" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[442,586,1496,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Calliphora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vomitoria">
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<emphasis id="B929EA99FF91507C92EEB683FD9B5FEE" box="[442,586,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164">C. vomitoria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a smooth bridge with a spoon-shaped, black sclerite embedded within it, extending from which, into the oral cavity, is a pair of lightly sclerotised, oval-shaped plates (
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<figureCitation id="13662A0EFF91507C913EB54CFD325C2E" box="[618,739,1559,1583]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="30.[212,279,1081,1103]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,1049]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[212,1172,168,1049]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 25. Calliphora vomitoria, preserved larva, pseudocephalon, ventral view, length 0.6 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4001853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4001853/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164">Figures 25</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="13662A0EFF91507C904BB54CFCEB5C2E" box="[799,826,1559,1583]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="31.[144,211,1019,1041]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,206,987]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[144,1104,168,987]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 26. Calliphora vomitoria, pseudocephalon with mandibles and cutting plates depressed, still from a film, apical view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4001855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4001855/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164">26</figureCitation>
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). The inner faces of the mandibular hooks are scalloped (
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<figureCitation id="13662A0EFF91507C92AAB56CFDB85C4E" box="[510,617,1591,1615]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="18.[212,279,1089,1111]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,1056]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[212,1172,168,1057]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 14. Coelophora frigida, preserved larva, pseudocephalon, length, 1.3 mm, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4001831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4001831/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164">Figure 14</figureCitation>
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) and both larvae have extensive networks of spicules for gripping substrates which extend from the locomotory organs to circumvent segment borders (
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<figureCitation id="13662A0EFF91507C92F0B52CFDC95C8E" box="[420,536,1655,1679]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="29.[144,211,823,845]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,168,791]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[144,1104,168,791]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figure 24. Coelopha frigida, preserved larva, abdominal segment 1, thorax and pseudocephalon, lateral view, length 2.9 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4001851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4001851/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="2164">Figure 24</figureCitation>
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). The intermediate sclerite is block-shaped not bar-shaped in
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D08FF93507E9265B1ADFE6D590F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[305,444,758,782]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Calliphora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="2166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vomitoria">
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<emphasis id="B929EA99FF93507E9265B1ADFE6D590F" box="[305,444,758,782]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2166">C. vomitoria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and sclerotisation of the ventral cornu ends abruptly midway along its length. The vertical plate in
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D08FF93507E913DB04DFD05592F" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[617,724,790,814]" class="Insecta" family="Coelopidae" genus="Coelopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="2166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigida">
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<emphasis id="B929EA99FF93507E913DB04DFD05592F" box="[617,724,790,814]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2166">C. frigida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is remarkably short. Both species have cibarial ridges and both initiate sweeping by thrusting the middle compartment in a more or less anterior direction and bending it round to one side or the other, almost reaching a position parallel with the rear section (
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<figureCitation id="13662A0EFF93507E9188B02EFC9D598C" box="[732,844,885,909]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="32.[212,279,1027,1049]" captionTargetBox="[212,1172,168,995]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[212,1172,168,995]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 27. Calliphora vomitoria, larva feeding on decayed Salmo, still from Film 12." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4001857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4001857/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="2166">Figure 27</figureCitation>
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). Lunging takes place repeatedly during sweeping and the segments of the middle and front compartments are highly retractile, for example, only in these two species did the mesothorax fold over the anterior spiracles (
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<figureCitation id="13662A0EFF93507E9234B08EFD9459EC" box="[352,581,981,1005]" captionStart="Figures 23" captionStartId="27.[144,220,623,645]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,168,591]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[144,1104,168,591]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figures 23. Coelopha frigida, stills from a film. (A) Mandibles gripping a substrate at the end of a peristaltic wave. (B) Prothorax folded over the pseudocephalon during the next locomotory wave." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4001849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4001849/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="2166">Figure 23A and 23B</figureCitation>
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). With the middle compartment sweeping, the front one may incline and twist so that the oral cavity covers a wide range of directions and angles. Mandibular depression in
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D08FF93507E9108B74EFD3C5E2C" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[604,749,1045,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Calliphora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="2166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vomitoria">
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<emphasis id="B929EA99FF93507E9108B74EFD3C5E2C" box="[604,749,1045,1069]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2166">C. vomitoria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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exposes the sclerotised plates between the mandibular hooks (Film 11,
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<figureCitation id="13662A0EFF93507E9135B76EFD1F5E4C" box="[609,718,1077,1101]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="31.[144,211,1019,1041]" captionTargetBox="[144,1104,206,987]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[144,1104,168,987]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 26. Calliphora vomitoria, pseudocephalon with mandibles and cutting plates depressed, still from a film, apical view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4001855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4001855/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="2166">Figure 26</figureCitation>
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). Lunging in
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D08FF93507E903DB76EFC255E4C" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[873,1012,1077,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Calliphora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="2166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vomitoria">
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<emphasis id="B929EA99FF93507E903DB76EFC255E4C" box="[873,1012,1077,1101]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2166">C. vomitoria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was the most rapid of the saprophages examined here and this species had the longest lunge distance (Film 12,
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<tableCitation id="C6DF0330FF93507E9237B72FFE695E8D" box="[355,440,1140,1164]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="25.[144,202,168,190]" captionText="Table 2. Lunge times, lunge distance (as proportion of head skeleton length) and mandible and head skeleton pivot angles measured from films of the larva of 14 species of higher Cyclorrhapha (= Schizophora), x = unscorable." pageId="27" pageNumber="2166">Table 2</tableCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D08FF93507E929BB72FFDEB5E8D" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[463,570,1140,1164]" class="Insecta" family="Coelopidae" genus="Coelopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="2166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frigida">
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<emphasis id="B929EA99FF93507E929BB72FFDEB5E8D" box="[463,570,1140,1164]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2166">C. frigida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also had a relatively fast, long lunge (
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<tableCitation id="C6DF0330FF93507E90BEB72FFBEE5E8D" box="[1002,1087,1140,1164]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="25.[144,202,168,190]" captionText="Table 2. Lunge times, lunge distance (as proportion of head skeleton length) and mandible and head skeleton pivot angles measured from films of the larva of 14 species of higher Cyclorrhapha (= Schizophora), x = unscorable." pageId="27" pageNumber="2166">Table 2</tableCitation>
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). Unusually, in
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D08FF93507E9261B7CFFE125EAD" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[309,451,1172,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Calliphora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="2166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vomitoria">
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<emphasis id="B929EA99FF93507E9261B7CFFE125EAD" box="[309,451,1172,1196]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2166">C. vomitoria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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saliva was secreted during locomotion and both species ingested food in shallow films using mechanisms similar to
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<emphasis id="B929EA99FF93507E904AB7EFFBCE5ECD" box="[798,1055,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2166">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D08FF93507E904AB7EFFC5C5ECD" baseAuthorityName="Egger" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[798,909,1204,1228]" class="Insecta" family="Lonchaeidae" genus="Silba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="2166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumosa">S. fumosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D08FF93507E90C3B7EEFBCE5ECD" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[919,1055,1204,1228]" class="Insecta" family="Pallopteridae" genus="Palloptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="2166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimacula">P. trimacula</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D08FF93507E93C4B78FFED15EED" baseAuthorityName="Zetterstedt" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[144,256,1236,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Chymomyza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="2166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B929EA99FF93507E93C4B78FFED15EED" box="[144,256,1236,1260]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="2166">C. costata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |