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<document id="FC8A5991B50B39965AB9E9D6792E1264" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.5" ID-CLB-Dataset="37274" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="08df5a27-61d6-463d-b865-f5e03ca3b901" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="253522" ID-ZooBank="2779DDB4-83EB-49C1-8247-3222D1FE3322" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1484900458097" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cuezzo, Carolina, Cancello, Eliana M. &amp; Carrijo, Tiago F." docDate="2017" docId="03F42441FFF6FFE6FF3F38F0FADEC0EF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4221.5.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4221 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sandsitermes Cuezzo, Cancello &amp; Carrijo, 2017, new genus" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="569" masterDocId="FFCD5C39FFF7FFE1FFA83E50FFA5C222" masterDocTitle="Sandsitermes gen. nov., a new nasute termite genus from South America (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae)" masterLastPageNumber="574" masterPageNumber="562" pageNumber="563" updateTime="1698436051282" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5A10004A98D0186074A799B9340EAC2D">Sandsitermes gen. nov., a new nasute termite genus from South America (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="F8BE9ADA03F9618FD6F5B2ABDAAB984A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="840D0E3DE7FE04B391E0FCF23C81CF6F">Cuezzo, Carolina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FABF85EB4B8DF2E7F08BE71976608918">Cancello, Eliana M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4138F17F015F992E849B58C9E4A9CC13" type="personal">
<mods:role id="88DBE3598A148AA4484C4B533655CE1B">
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<mods:namePart id="B4CBB67CAD719A2D70D9A7B2E9825259">Carrijo, Tiago F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E742BDCA2A25CC64E4845B81EE15D2D4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="13F385A58B497D739C2E2B3B488E42A0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6AE5F7E894CE2833465B740EB6F17719">
<mods:date id="64EAF241135A94679AF5195712CF2327">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="5E16E7F192F64B8538AC31900C99A87C" type="volume">
<mods:number id="B105B1B0109F6585FE2913D62D61D154">4221</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="0DA06791D9387AD54229C82766F507D0" type="issue">
<mods:number id="1EF9E02CF3A0A16E765EED4B74C2B08A">5</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="3ABFEEFF7F61E9B4578485E68868FB3C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D0FCFBE0C06708905AACF530C989359C" type="CLB-Dataset">37274</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8A26FBD8420BB41FCD4287EE4D2554D6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D78EA9DB3F37D5F36C9BF51562298322" type="GBIF-Dataset">08df5a27-61d6-463d-b865-f5e03ca3b901</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EE8643BCF1E143A855E55497ACE05FED" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F42441FFF6FFE6FF3F38F0FADEC0EF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6021699" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127616456" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6021699" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F42441FFF6FFE6FF3F38F0FADEC0EF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F42441FFF6FFE6FF3F38F0FADEC0EF" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="569" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">
<subSubSection id="C347C6DCFFF6FFE0FF3F38F0FC42C4DD" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE29557FFF6FFE0FF3F38F0FDBAC498" blockId="1.[151,543,1695,1722]" box="[151,543,1695,1722]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">
<heading id="D0AA223BFFF6FFE0FF3F38F0FDBAC498" bold="true" box="[151,543,1695,1722]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF6FFE0FF3F38F0FDBAC498" bold="true" box="[151,543,1695,1722]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF6FFE0FF4638CFFE2AC49B" box="[238,399,1695,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Sandsitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF6FFE0FF4638CFFE2AC49B" bold="true" box="[238,399,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Sandsitermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AF43EFFF6FFE0FE3638F0FDBAC498" box="[414,543,1696,1722]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE29557FFF6FFE0FF3F38B6FC42C4DD" blockId="1.[151,1436,1766,2007]" box="[151,999,1766,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF6FFE0FF3F38B6FE91C4DD" bold="true" box="[151,308,1766,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Type-species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF6FFE0FE9338B7FD7DC4DD" authority="Holmgren (1906)" authorityName="Holmgren" authorityYear="1906" box="[315,728,1766,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Eutermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF6FFE0FE9338B7FDAEC4DD" box="[315,523,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Eutermes robustus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE8A6FFF6FFE0FDBA38B6FD7DC4DD" author="Holmgren" box="[530,728,1766,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" refString="Holmgren, N. (1906) Studien uber sudamerikanische Termiten. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, 23, 5, 521 - 676." type="journal article" year="1906">Holmgren (1906)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by present designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C347C6DCFFF6FFE0FF6F395AFC55C501" box="[199,1008,1802,1827]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE29557FFF6FFE0FF6F395AFC55C501" blockId="1.[151,1436,1766,2007]" box="[199,1008,1802,1827]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF6FFE0FF6F395AFE36C501" bold="true" box="[199,403,1802,1827]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Species included.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF6FFE0FE32395AFC86C501" authority="Holmgren" authorityName="Holmgren" box="[410,803,1802,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Sandsitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF6FFE0FE32395AFD33C501" box="[410,662,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Sandsitermes robustus</emphasis>
(Holmgren)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AF43EFFF6FFE0FC86395BFC55C501" box="[814,1008,1802,1827]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C347C6DCFFF6FFE0FF6F397EFAC3C549" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE29557FFF6FFE0FF6F397EFAC3C549" blockId="1.[151,1436,1766,2007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF6FFE0FF6F397EFEEBC564" bold="true" box="[199,334,1838,1863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Etymology.</emphasis>
The generic epithet “
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF6FFE0FDF9397EFD39C565" box="[593,668,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Sandsi</emphasis>
” is given in tribute to Professor William A. Sands, distinguished termitologist who made important contributions to the knowledge of termites; as a prefix to “
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF6FFE0FB023904FB50C549" box="[1194,1269,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">termes</emphasis>
”, termite.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C347C6DCFFF6FFE0FF6F3926FD21C5AC" box="[199,644,1910,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE29557FFF6FFE0FF6F3926FD21C5AC" blockId="1.[151,1436,1766,2007]" box="[199,644,1910,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF6FFE0FF6F3926FEFCC5AD" bold="true" box="[199,345,1910,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Distribution</emphasis>
. Neotropical region:
<collectingCountry id="F34AD5C7FFF6FFE0FDE13927FD25C5AC" box="[585,640,1911,1934]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C347C6DCFFF6FFE3FF6F39CAFABAC362" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="564" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE29557FFF6FFE3FF6F39CAFABAC362" blockId="1.[151,1436,1766,2007]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="564" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF6FFE0FF6F39CAFE9FC591" bold="true" box="[199,314,1946,1971]" pageId="1" pageNumber="563">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Imagoes with dorsal surface of head capsule with slight elevation anterior to fontanelle, where the ocelli are situated; postclypeus slightly arched, with anterior margin straight and posterior margin faintly convex; right mandible with distinctly concave molar area with faint ridges and distinct basal notch. Soldiers with long conical nasus, but no apparent uniquely distinct morphological character. Workers showing distinct set of morphological characters involving mandibles with concave molar area with no well-developed ridges, gut coiling with distinct first proctodeal segment (P1) loop before junction with paunch (P3) (
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF5FFE3FBE93F54FB61C33F" box="[1089,1220,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox="[188,1397,536,1666]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,519,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Sandsitermes robustus gen. et comb. nov., type 1 worker, in situ gut, NHRS 0016: (15) dorsal, (16) right, (17) ventral, and (18) left views; (19) right view without mesenteron; (20) mixed segment and Malpighian tubules. C, crop; G, gizzard; M, mesenteron; P 1, first proctodeal segment; P 2, enteric valve; P 3, paunch; P 4, colon; P 5, rectum. Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253527/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="564">Figs 15–18</figureCitation>
), and enteric valve (P2) configuration weakly sclerotized, organized in two distinct rings with tiny conical spines (
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF5FFE3FB173F77FAB7C362" box="[1215,1298,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 23" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1771,1794]" captionTargetBox="[171,1399,794,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,772,1751]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 23. Sandsitermes robustus gen. et comb. nov., type 1 worker, UF PU 791.0: (21) enteric valve cushions arranged in two rings, arrow aligned with the axis of the valve and oriented from P 2 to paunch (P 3); (22) complete gizzard armature, large arrow indicating column and pulvillus I, and small arrows indicating columns and pulvilli II; (23) detail of the columnar belt with surface of folds I and II, ornamented with scales very difficult to see in the proximal area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253528/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="564">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF22C5DFFFF5FFE3FF3F3924FB16C58B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253523/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="564" targetBox="[151,1436,373,1887]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BE29557FFF5FFE3FF3F3924FB16C58B" blockId="2.[151,1436,1908,1961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="564">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF5FFE3FF3F3924FE9FC5A8" bold="true" box="[151,314,1908,1931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="564">FIGURES 1–3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF5FFE3FE973924FD87C5A8" box="[319,546,1908,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Sandsitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="564" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF5FFE3FE973924FD87C5A8" box="[319,546,1908,1930]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="564">Sandsitermes robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. et comb. nov., female, MZUSP 8061: (1) head capsule and pronotum, profile view; (2) head capsule and pronotum, dorsal view; (3) meso- and metanotum, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF22C5DFFFF4FFE2FF3F3D70FD8DC177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253524/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="565" targetBox="[151,1436,193,779]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BE29557FFF4FFE2FF3F3D70FD8DC177" blockId="3.[151,1436,800,853]" pageId="3" pageNumber="565">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF4FFE2FF3F3D70FE9BC114" bold="true" box="[151,318,800,823]" pageId="3" pageNumber="565">FIGURES 4–5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF4FFE2FEE03D71FD8AC115" box="[328,559,801,823]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Sandsitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="565" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF4FFE2FEE03D71FD8AC115" box="[328,559,801,823]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="565">Sandsitermes robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. et comb. nov., soldier, NHRS 0016: (4) head capsule, profile view; (5) head capsule, dorsal view. Scale bar 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C347C6DCFFF4FFE7FF6F3DD2FB4DC3F1" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="568" pageId="3" pageNumber="565" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE29557FFF4FFE2FF6F3DD2FA99C720" blockId="3.[151,1437,898,2003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="565">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF4FFE2FF6F3DD2FEFCC1B9" bold="true" box="[199,345,898,923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="565">Description.</emphasis>
Imago (
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF4FFE2FE103DD2FDBAC1B8" box="[440,543,898,923]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1908,1931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,373,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. Sandsitermes robustus gen. et comb. nov., female, MZUSP 8061: (1) head capsule and pronotum, profile view; (2) head capsule and pronotum, dorsal view; (3) meso- and metanotum, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253523/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="565">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
). In dorsal view, head capsule oval. Area between ocelli, at frontal region, not depressed. In profile, dorsal surface of head capsule with slight elevation anterior to fontanelle, where the ocelli are situated. Eyes oval, large, separated from lower margin of head capsule by shorter distance than from eye ocelli. Ocelli elliptical in dorsal view, large, although smaller than antennal socket, situated in anterior half of eyes, and separated from them by less than ocellus width. Fontanelle paler than head, situated in slight depression, Y-shaped, with short anterior arms, and small clear circle above arms. Postclypeus slightly arched in profile, at midline slightly depressed in dorsal view; anterior margin of postclypeus straight and posterior margin faintly convex. Antenna with 15 articles. Mandibles similar to
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF4FFE2FD193A2FFD53C6B5" box="[689,758,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="565">
<typeStatus id="54E62BF5FFF4FFE2FD193A2FFD7AC6B4" box="[689,735,1151,1174]" pageId="3" pageNumber="565">type</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D5B5EDEFFF4FFE2FD403A2FFD53C6B5" box="[744,758,1151,1175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="565" type="worker">2</specimenCount>
</emphasis>
workers but molar area less concave. Pronotum wider than head without eyes, subtrapezoidal, with anterior margin elevated, anterior lateral corners rounded, lateral margins concave and converging at rear, and posterior margin rounded and not emarginate. Posterior margin of meso- and metanotum deeply emarginate; posterolateral corners of meso- and metanotum pointed. Tibial spurs 2:2:2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE29557FFF4FFE2FF6F3B5EFEACC401" blockId="3.[151,1437,898,2003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="565">
Soldier (
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF4FFE2FE8F3B5EFE2BC705" box="[295,398,1294,1319]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 5" captionStartId="3.[151,264,800,823]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,779]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,779]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 5. Sandsitermes robustus gen. et comb. nov., soldier, NHRS 0016: (4) head capsule, profile view; (5) head capsule, dorsal view. Scale bar 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253524/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="565">Figs 4–5</figureCitation>
). Monomorphic. In dorsal view, head capsule varying from oval to rounded, not constricted, and posterior margin not emarginate. In profile, dorsal margin of head capsule with slight hump at the base of nasus, followed by slight depression. In profile, nasus conical, shorter than head-capsule length, and not directed upward. Postclypeus slightly convex in profile. Labrum shorter than wide, with rounded anterior margin, parallel lateral margins and rounded anterior corners. Mandibles with well-defined ‘points’. Antenna with 13 articles. Pronotum with anterior lobe less developed than posterior lobe, with an angle between them of approximately 90°. Procoxa conical, lacking keel on anterior surface. Tibial spurs 2:2:2. Abdominal sclerites well sclerotized, tergites imbricate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE29557FFF4FFE2FF6F387EFD7FC545" blockId="3.[151,1437,898,2003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="565">
Worker (
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF4FFE2FE83387EFE05C465" box="[299,416,1582,1607]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1928,1951]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1908]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 11. Sandsitermes robustus gen. et comb. nov., workers, MZUSP 8061: head capsule of type 2 worker (6) profile and (7) dorsal view; head capsule of major type 1 worker (8) profile and (9) dorsal view; head capsule of minor type 1 worker (10) profile and (11) dorsal view. Scale bar 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253525/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="565">Figs 6–11</figureCitation>
). All workers with trapezoidal head capsule, conspicuous fontanelle situated at middle of head capsule, slightly depressed; postclypeus inflated; antenna with 14 articles; anterior margin of pronotum rounded, not emarginate. Tibial spurs 2:2:2. Two types of workers, distinguished by head-capsule pigmentation, mandible morphology, and pronotum shape and size.
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF4FFE2FCA138CBFCF1C490" box="[777,852,1690,1714]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="565">Type 2</emphasis>
worker (
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF4FFE2FC6A38CAFB8EC491" box="[962,1067,1690,1715]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1928,1951]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1908]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 11. Sandsitermes robustus gen. et comb. nov., workers, MZUSP 8061: head capsule of type 2 worker (6) profile and (7) dorsal view; head capsule of major type 1 worker (8) profile and (9) dorsal view; head capsule of minor type 1 worker (10) profile and (11) dorsal view. Scale bar 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253525/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="565">Figs 6–7</figureCitation>
) less frequent than
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF4FFE2FABC38CBFAF9C490" box="[1300,1372,1690,1714]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="565">
type
<quantity id="4CA538B2FFF4FFE2FAE638CAFAF9C490" box="[1358,1372,1690,1714]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="3" pageNumber="565" unit="in" value="1.0">1</quantity>
</emphasis>
in al samples studied, differing from it in having head capsule brownish yellow with concavity at front followed by hump; mandibles with external margin showing a conspicuous concavity before apical teeth, apical teeth larger, left M3 separated from molar prominence by wider gap, and narrower molar plate; anterior lobe of pronotum more developed than posterior lobe. There are apparently differences in the head-capsule size in the
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF4FFE2FB68397BFAA1C560" box="[1216,1284,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="565">type 1</emphasis>
category, but we lack enough individuals to measure (
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF4FFE2FDF2391EFD68C545" box="[602,717,1870,1895]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1928,1951]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,337,1908]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 11. Sandsitermes robustus gen. et comb. nov., workers, MZUSP 8061: head capsule of type 2 worker (6) profile and (7) dorsal view; head capsule of major type 1 worker (8) profile and (9) dorsal view; head capsule of minor type 1 worker (10) profile and (11) dorsal view. Scale bar 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253525/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="565">Figs 8–11</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE29557FFF4FFE5FF6F3922FAAEC33E" blockId="3.[151,1437,898,2003]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="566" pageId="3" pageNumber="565">
Mandibles (
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF4FFE2FEE33922FE6BC5A8" box="[331,462,1906,1931]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 14" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1129,1152]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,200,1101]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1109]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 14. Sandsitermes robustus gen. et comb. nov., worker mandibles, NHRS 0016: (12) type 2 in dorsal view; minor type 1 (13) in dorsal view and (14) molar region in frontal view. Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253526/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="565">Figs 12–14</figureCitation>
). Posterior margins of apical teeth almost straight; posterior margins of apical teeth and anterior margins of first marginal teeth forming acute angle. Left mandible: posterior margin of first marginal tooth almost straight; cutting edge between M1+2 and M3 slightly convex; M3 distinct, but smaller than M1+2 and separated from molar prominence by gap; molar tooth not visible through small gap, its apex hidden beneath molar prominence; molar prominence concave with reduced ridges. Right mandible: M2 distinct, smaller than M1; M2 situated nearer M1 than molar plate; posterior margin of second marginal tooth straight; molar plate concave with reduced ridges compared to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF3FFE5FD9C3F55FD10C33E" box="[564,693,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corniger">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF3FFE5FD9C3F55FD10C33E" box="[564,693,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="566">N. corniger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; basal notch well defined, as 90° angle (
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF3FFE5FBD33F54FB5BC33E" box="[1147,1278,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 – 14" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1129,1152]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,200,1101]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1109]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12 – 14. Sandsitermes robustus gen. et comb. nov., worker mandibles, NHRS 0016: (12) type 2 in dorsal view; minor type 1 (13) in dorsal view and (14) molar region in frontal view. Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253526/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="566">Figs 12–14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF22C5DFFFF3FFE5FF3F39D8FD01C5FE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253525/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="566" targetBox="[151,1436,337,1908]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BE29557FFF3FFE5FF3F39D8FD01C5FE" blockId="4.[151,1436,1928,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="566">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF3FFE5FF3F39D8FEE3C5BC" bold="true" box="[151,326,1928,1951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="566">FIGURES 6–11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF3FFE5FEE539D9FD94C5BD" box="[333,561,1929,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Sandsitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="566" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF3FFE5FEE539D9FD94C5BD" box="[333,561,1929,1951]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="566">Sandsitermes robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. et comb. nov., workers, MZUSP 8061: head capsule of
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF3FFE5FB0939DAFB7AC5BD" box="[1185,1247,1929,1951]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="566">type 2</emphasis>
worker (6) profile and (7) dorsal view; head capsule of major
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF3FFE5FDFA39F9FD35C59C" box="[594,656,1960,1982]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="566">type 1</emphasis>
worker (8) profile and (9) dorsal view; head capsule of minor
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF3FFE5FAB839F9FAEBC59C" box="[1296,1358,1960,1982]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="566">type 1</emphasis>
worker (10) profile and (11) dorsal view. Scale bar 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF22C5DFFFF2FFE4FF3F3A39FC6FC6BC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253526/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="567" targetBox="[162,1421,200,1101]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BE29557FFF2FFE4FF3F3A39FC6FC6BC" blockId="5.[151,1435,1129,1183]" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF2FFE4FF3F3A39FEF6C65D" bold="true" box="[151,339,1129,1152]" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">FIGURES 12–14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF2FFE4FEF13A3AFD99C6A2" box="[345,572,1130,1152]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Sandsitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF2FFE4FEF13A3AFD99C6A2" box="[345,572,1130,1152]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">Sandsitermes robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. et comb. nov., worker mandibles, NHRS 0016: (12)
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF2FFE4FB293A3BFB0EC6A2" box="[1153,1195,1131,1152]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">type</emphasis>
2 in dorsal view; minor
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF2FFE4FF3F3ADAFF71C6BC" box="[151,212,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">type 1</emphasis>
(13) in dorsal view and (14) molar region in frontal view. Scale bar 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE29557FFF2FFE4FF6F3A95FD80C53C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1221,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">
Digestive tube (
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF2FFE4FED03A95FE5EC6FC" box="[376,507,1221,1246]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStart-1="FIGURES 21 – 23" captionStartId-0="6.[151,264,1738,1761]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,264,1771,1794]" captionTargetBox-0="[188,1397,536,1666]" captionTargetBox-1="[171,1399,794,1703]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,519,1717]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[151,1436,772,1751]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 15 – 20. Sandsitermes robustus gen. et comb. nov., type 1 worker, in situ gut, NHRS 0016: (15) dorsal, (16) right, (17) ventral, and (18) left views; (19) right view without mesenteron; (20) mixed segment and Malpighian tubules. C, crop; G, gizzard; M, mesenteron; P 1, first proctodeal segment; P 2, enteric valve; P 3, paunch; P 4, colon; P 5, rectum. Scale bar 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 21 – 23. Sandsitermes robustus gen. et comb. nov., type 1 worker, UF PU 791.0: (21) enteric valve cushions arranged in two rings, arrow aligned with the axis of the valve and oriented from P 2 to paunch (P 3); (22) complete gizzard armature, large arrow indicating column and pulvillus I, and small arrows indicating columns and pulvilli II; (23) detail of the columnar belt with surface of folds I and II, ornamented with scales very difficult to see in the proximal area." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/253527/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/253528/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">Figs 15–23</figureCitation>
). Gut coiling
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF2FFE4FD3C3A97FD7FC6FC" box="[660,730,1223,1246]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">in situ</emphasis>
forming broad mass. Crop well developed, cuticle ornamented with pectinate scales. Crop and gizzard well separated, equally developed, not voluminous, partially visible at left half of abdomen in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF2FFE4FD883B5DFDDDC704" box="[544,632,1293,1318]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 20" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1738,1761]" captionTargetBox="[188,1397,536,1666]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,519,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 20. Sandsitermes robustus gen. et comb. nov., type 1 worker, in situ gut, NHRS 0016: (15) dorsal, (16) right, (17) ventral, and (18) left views; (19) right view without mesenteron; (20) mixed segment and Malpighian tubules. C, crop; G, gizzard; M, mesenteron; P 1, first proctodeal segment; P 2, enteric valve; P 3, paunch; P 4, colon; P 5, rectum. Scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253527/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). Gizzard with completely sclerotized cuticular armature (hexaradial symmetry); pulvillar belt slightly more developed than columnar belt, pulvilli I well developed and pulvilli II reduced, both with pectinate scales (
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF2FFE4FD843B05FD25C74C" box="[556,640,1365,1390]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 23" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1771,1794]" captionTargetBox="[171,1399,794,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,772,1751]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 23. Sandsitermes robustus gen. et comb. nov., type 1 worker, UF PU 791.0: (21) enteric valve cushions arranged in two rings, arrow aligned with the axis of the valve and oriented from P 2 to paunch (P 3); (22) complete gizzard armature, large arrow indicating column and pulvillus I, and small arrows indicating columns and pulvilli II; (23) detail of the columnar belt with surface of folds I and II, ornamented with scales very difficult to see in the proximal area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253528/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
); columnar belt with surface of folds I and II ornamented with scales in proximal area, but difficult to discern (
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF2FFE4FDE33B2AFD3AC7B0" box="[587,671,1402,1427]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 23" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1771,1794]" captionTargetBox="[171,1399,794,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,772,1751]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 23. Sandsitermes robustus gen. et comb. nov., type 1 worker, UF PU 791.0: (21) enteric valve cushions arranged in two rings, arrow aligned with the axis of the valve and oriented from P 2 to paunch (P 3); (22) complete gizzard armature, large arrow indicating column and pulvillus I, and small arrows indicating columns and pulvilli II; (23) detail of the columnar belt with surface of folds I and II, ornamented with scales very difficult to see in the proximal area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253528/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
). Mixed segment well developed; single mesenteric tongue external to mesenteric arc, not constricted proximally. Malpighian tubules arranged in two adjacent pairs but attached individually at mesenteron-proctodeum junction on inner margin of mesenteric arc; tubules dilated along length of mixed segment, tapering after this point. Ileum (P1) tubular, longer than mesenteron length, reaching median line dorsally, after recurving to form short loop distally on right side of abdomen, and ending at enteric valve (P2), which enters directly into paunch (P3). P2 armature weakly sclerotized, organized in two distinct rings with tiny conical spines (
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF2FFE4FEE33802FE04C448" box="[331,417,1618,1643]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 23" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1771,1794]" captionTargetBox="[171,1399,794,1703]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,772,1751]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 23. Sandsitermes robustus gen. et comb. nov., type 1 worker, UF PU 791.0: (21) enteric valve cushions arranged in two rings, arrow aligned with the axis of the valve and oriented from P 2 to paunch (P 3); (22) complete gizzard armature, large arrow indicating column and pulvillus I, and small arrows indicating columns and pulvilli II; (23) detail of the columnar belt with surface of folds I and II, ornamented with scales very difficult to see in the proximal area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253528/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
); anterior ring (or upper ring, closest to P1) with spines barely organized in three large cushions alternating with three smaller cushions; posterior ring (or lower ring, closest to P3) with six equal subtriangular cushions. Paunch (P3) as pyriform sac; P3b protruding through mesenteric ring and joining colon (P4) on left side; isthmus conspicuous. Dorsal torsion well developed. P4 tubular, U-turn not dilated, visible in right lateral view. Distal colon also tubular, reaching rectum (P5) in dorsal view. No differences are apparent in the coiling gut of worker
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF2FFE4FE233957FE7FC53C" box="[395,474,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">
<typeStatus id="54E62BF5FFF2FFE4FE233957FE60C53C" box="[395,453,1799,1822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">types</typeStatus>
1
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF2FFE4FDB83956FDBBC53C" box="[528,542,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">2</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE29557FFF2FFE7FF6F397AFB4DC3F1" blockId="5.[151,1437,1221,2003]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,467]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="568" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF2FFE4FF6F397AFEC0C561" bold="true" box="[199,357,1834,1859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">Comparisons</emphasis>
. The imago caste is known from at least the type-species of the following Neotropical genera of the
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF2FFE4FF6A391FFEF3C544" box="[194,342,1871,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF2FFE4FF6A391FFEF3C544" box="[194,342,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">Nasutitermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group:
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF2FFE4FE19391EFD35C544" authority="Fontes" authorityName="Fontes" box="[433,656,1870,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Caetetermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF2FFE4FE19391EFD98C547" box="[433,573,1870,1893]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">Caetetermes</emphasis>
Fontes
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE8A6FFF2FFE4FD09391EFC2CC544" author="Cuezzo" box="[673,905,1869,1894]" pageId="5" pageNumber="567" refString="Cuezzo, C., Carrijo, T. F. &amp; Cancello, E. M. (2015 a) Caetetermes taquarussu Fontes (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae): description of the imago caste and new distributional records. Zootaxa, 3918 (2), 295 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3918.2.10" type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="a">
Cuezzo
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF2FFE4FD57391FFC9FC544" box="[767,826,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">et al.</emphasis>
2015a
</bibRefCitation>
, figs 1–3),
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF2FFE4FBA5391DFE50C5A8" authority="Roisin, Scheffrahn &amp; Krecek" authorityName="Roisin, Scheffrahn &amp; Krecek" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Caribitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF2FFE4FBA5391DFB04C544" box="[1037,1185,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">Caribitermes</emphasis>
Roisin,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE8A6FFF2FFE4FAAB391DFE50C5A8" author="Scheffrahn" pageId="5" pageNumber="567" refString="Scheffrahn, R. H., Jones, S., Krecek, J., Chase, J., Mangold, J. &amp; Su, N. Y. (2003) Taxonomy, distribution, and notes on the termites (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae, Termitidae) of Puerto Rico and the U. S. Virgin Islands. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 96 (3), 181 - 201. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2003) 096 [0181: TDANOT] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2003">
Scheffrahn &amp; Křeček (Scheffrahn
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF2FFE4FED23923FE16C5A9" box="[378,435,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 27, 30),
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF2FFE4FD273923FC6DC5A9" authority="Holmgren" authorityName="Holmgren" box="[655,968,1906,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Constrictotermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF2FFE4FD273923FCF5C5A8" box="[655,848,1907,1930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">Constrictotermes</emphasis>
Holmgren
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE8A6FFF2FFE4FC703922FB4DC5A9" author="Mathews" box="[984,1256,1906,1931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="567" refString="Mathews, A. G. A. (1977) Studies on Termites from Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, Rio de Janeiro, 267 pp." type="book" year="1977">Mathews 1977, fig. 145</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF2FFE4FB553923FE1CC58C" authority="Mathews" authorityName="Mathews" authorityYear="1977" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cortaritermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF2FFE4FB553923FA39C5A8" box="[1277,1436,1907,1930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">Cortaritermes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE8A6FFF2FFE4FF3F39C5FE1CC58C" author="Mathews" box="[151,441,1941,1966]" pageId="5" pageNumber="567" refString="Mathews, A. G. A. (1977) Studies on Termites from Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, Rio de Janeiro, 267 pp." type="book" year="1977">Mathews (Mathews 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 146;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE8A6FFF2FFE4FD8639C6FCB0C58C" author="Cuezzo" box="[558,789,1941,1966]" pageId="5" pageNumber="567" refString="Cuezzo, C., Carrijo, T. F. &amp; Cancello, E. M. (2015 b) Transfer of two species from Nasutitermes Dudley to Cortaritermes Mathews (Isoptera: Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae). Austral Entomology, 54, 2, 172 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / aen. 12107" type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="b">
Cuezzo
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF2FFE4FD2339C7FD61C58C" box="[651,708,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">et al.</emphasis>
2015b
</bibRefCitation>
, figs 1–3),
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF2FFE4FC3F39C7FB0BC58C" authority="Holmgren" authorityName="Holmgren" box="[919,1198,1941,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Diversitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF2FFE4FC3F39C7FB91C58C" box="[919,1076,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">Diversitermes</emphasis>
Holmgren
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE8A6FFF2FFE4FB1639C5FACCC58C" author="Mathews" box="[1214,1385,1941,1966]" pageId="5" pageNumber="567" refString="Mathews, A. G. A. (1977) Studies on Termites from Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, Rio de Janeiro, 267 pp." type="book" year="1977">Mathews 1977</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 124;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE8A6FFF2FFE4FF6739EAFDBDC5F1" author="Oliveira" box="[207,536,1978,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="567" refString="Oliveira, D. E. &amp; Constantino, R. (2016) A taxonomic revision of the neotropical termite genus Diversitermes (Isoptera: Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae). Zootaxa, 4158 (2), 221 - 245." type="journal article" year="2016">Oliveira &amp; Constantino 2016</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 2),
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF2FFE4FDDD39EAFAEFC5F1" authority="Cancello, Oliveira &amp; Rocha" authorityName="Cancello, Oliveira &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2015" box="[629,1354,1978,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Muelleritermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="567" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF2FFE4FDDD39EAFC85C5F1" box="[629,800,1978,2003]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">Muelleritermes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE8A6FFF2FFE4FC8F39EAFAEFC5F1" author="Cancello" box="[807,1354,1978,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="567" refString="Oliveira, D. E., Rocha, M. M. &amp; Cancello, E. M. (2015) Muelleritermes: A new termite genus with two species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Isoptera: Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae). Zootaxa, 4012 (2), 258 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4012.2.2" type="journal article" year="2015">
Cancello, Oliveira &amp; Rocha (Oliveira
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF2FFE4FB7A39EBFAAFC5F1" box="[1234,1290,1978,2003]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="567">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 1, 2),
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FF623EC9FEFBC292" box="[202,350,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FF623EC9FEFBC292" box="[202,350,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Nasutitermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectingRegion id="49995BB5FFF1FFE7FEDA3EC7FE60C292" box="[370,453,151,176]" country="United Kingdom" name="Dudley" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Dudley</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE8A6FFF1FFE7FE483EC7FCFAC292" author="Mathews" box="[480,863,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" refString="Mathews, A. G. A. (1977) Studies on Termites from Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, Rio de Janeiro, 267 pp." type="book" year="1977">Mathews 1977, figs 114, 119</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FC283EC7FBD9C292" authority="Snyder" authorityName="Snyder" box="[896,1148,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Obtusitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FC283EC7FBB0C292" box="[896,1045,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Obtusitermes</emphasis>
Snyder
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FB3C3EC9FA3DC28D" authority="Emerson" authorityName="Emerson" box="[1172,1432,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Parvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FB3C3EC9FAB8C292" box="[1172,1309,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Parvitermes</emphasis>
Emerson
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FF3F3EEEFE0CC2F5" authority="Mathews" authorityName="Mathews" box="[151,425,190,215]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rotunditermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FF3F3EEEFE9EC2F5" box="[151,315,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Rotunditermes</emphasis>
Mathews
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE8A6FFF1FFE7FE113EEEFD67C2EB" author="Holmgren" box="[441,706,187,215]" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" refString="Holmgren, N. (1906) Studien uber sudamerikanische Termiten. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, 23, 5, 521 - 676." type="journal article" year="1906">Holmgren 1906, fig. S1</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FD723E90FBBCC2F5" authority="Holmgren" authorityName="Holmgren" box="[730,1049,190,215]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Tenuirostritermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FD723E90FC3AC2F5" box="[730,927,192,215]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Tenuirostritermes</emphasis>
Holmgren
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE8A6FFF1FFE7FB803EEEFF11C2D9" author="Scheffrahn" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" refString="Scheffrahn, R. H. &amp; Rust, M. K. (1983) Tenuirostritermes cinereus (Buckley), a nasutitermitine termite from south central Texas (Isoptera: Termitidae). Sociobiology, 8, 1, 77 - 87." type="journal article" year="1983">Scheffrahn &amp; Rust 1983, figs 7– 10</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FEA53EB2FDCCC2D9" authority="Holmgren. The" authorityName="Holmgren. The" box="[269,617,226,251]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Velocitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FEA53EB2FE3CC2D9" box="[269,409,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Velocitermes</emphasis>
Holmgren. The
</taxonomicName>
imagoes of
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FCB33EB2FC15C2D9" box="[795,944,226,251]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Sandsitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FCB33EB2FC15C2D9" box="[795,944,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Sandsitermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21AF43EFFF1FFE7FC643EB3FBE4C2D8" box="[972,1089,227,251]" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FBF23EB3FB7EC2D8" box="[1114,1243,227,250]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Caeteterme</emphasis>
s,
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FAA93EB2FA30C2D9" box="[1281,1429,226,251]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Caribitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FAA93EB2FA30C2D9" box="[1281,1429,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Caribitermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FF3F3F57FE93C33C" box="[151,310,263,286]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cortaritermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FF3F3F57FE93C33C" box="[151,310,263,286]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Cortaritermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FEEF3F58FE7EC33D" box="[327,475,264,287]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FEEF3F58FE7EC33D" box="[327,475,264,287]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Nasutitermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FDB03F56FD08C33D" box="[536,685,262,287]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Obtusitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FDB03F56FD08C33D" box="[536,685,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Obtusitermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have the postclypeus slightly arched in profile, with its anterior margin straight and the posterior margin slightly convex; while
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FCC53F7BFB8BC360" box="[877,1070,299,322]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Constrictotermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FCC53F7BFB8BC360" box="[877,1070,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Constrictotermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FB953F7CFB7FC361" box="[1085,1242,300,323]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Diversitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FB953F7CFB7FC361" box="[1085,1242,300,323]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Diversitermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FB423F7AFA30C361" box="[1258,1429,298,323]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Muelleritermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FB423F7AFA30C361" box="[1258,1429,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Muelleritermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FF3F3F00FE85C345" box="[151,288,336,359]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Parvitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FF3F3F00FE85C345" box="[151,288,336,359]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Parvitermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FE863F1EFE74C345" box="[302,465,334,359]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Rotunditermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FE863F1EFE74C345" box="[302,465,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Rotunditermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FE483F00FD00C345" box="[480,677,336,359]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Tenuirostritermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FE483F00FD00C345" box="[480,677,336,359]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Tenuirostritermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FD743F1EFCCEC345" box="[732,875,334,359]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Velocitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FD743F1EFCCEC345" box="[732,875,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Velocitermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a noticeably arched postclypeus. The imago of
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FF1E3F22FEEEC3A9" box="[182,331,370,395]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Sandsitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FF1E3F22FEEEC3A9" box="[182,331,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Sandsitermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from those of
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FD063F22FCE7C3A9" box="[686,834,370,395]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Caribitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FD063F22FCE7C3A9" box="[686,834,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Caribitermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FCF93F23FC4AC3A8" box="[849,1007,371,394]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cortaritermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FCF93F23FC4AC3A8" box="[849,1007,371,394]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Cortaritermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FB803F24FB19C3A9" box="[1064,1212,372,395]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FB803F24FB19C3A9" box="[1064,1212,372,395]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Nasutitermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the morphology of the right mandible, which has a distinctly concave molar area with faint ridges and a distinct basal notch, more resembling
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FEB23FEBFE03C3F0" box="[282,422,443,466]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Caetetermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FEB23FEBFE03C3F0" box="[282,422,443,466]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Caetetermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differing in the straight posterior margin of M2 of the right mandible.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF22C5DFFFF1FFE7FF3F389AFADBC53C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253527/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" targetBox="[188,1397,536,1666]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BE29557FFF1FFE7FF3F389AFADBC53C" blockId="6.[151,1436,1738,1822]" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FF3F389AFEF0C4C2" bold="true" box="[151,341,1738,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">FIGURES 15–20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FEF5389BFDE7C4C3" box="[349,578,1739,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Sandsitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FEF5389BFDE7C4C3" box="[349,578,1739,1761]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Sandsitermes robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gen. et comb. nov.,
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FCBE389CFCF0C4C3" box="[790,853,1739,1761]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">type 1</emphasis>
worker,
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FC1A389CFC57C4C3" box="[946,1010,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">in situ</emphasis>
gut, NHRS 0016: (15) dorsal, (16) right, (17) ventral, and (18) left views; (19) right view without mesenteron; (20) mixed segment and Malpighian tubules. C, crop; G, gizzard; M, mesenteron; P1, first proctodeal segment; P2, enteric valve; P3, paunch; P4, colon; P5, rectum. Scale bar 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C347C6DCFFF1FFE6FF6F391BFADEC0EF" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="569" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE29557FFF1FFE6FF6F391BFEBFC2F7" blockId="6.[151,1437,1867,2036]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,717]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="569" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FF6F391BFEECC546" bold="true" box="[199,329,1867,1892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Remark 1.</emphasis>
Not only are the imagoes of many species unknown, but the description of this caste has been neglected in comparison to other castes, and good illustrations have only recently appeared in the literature. Moreover, in many cases, the imagoes of different species of the same genus are very dissimilar, and a new diagnosis is necessary (
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FE1E39E8FE72C5ED" box="[438,471,1976,1999]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">e.g</emphasis>
.,
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FE5C39E8FCC6C5F2" authority="Araujo" authorityName="Araujo" box="[500,867,1975,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cyranotermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timuassu">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FE5C39E8FCA3C5ED" box="[500,774,1976,1999]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Cyranotermes timuassu</emphasis>
Araujo
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF1FFE7FC0139E8FEA5C5D6" authority="Rocha, Carrijo &amp; Cancello" authorityName="Rocha, Carrijo &amp; Cancello" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cyranotermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karipuna">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF1FFE7FC0139E8FB1EC5F2" box="[937,1211,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="568">Cyranotermes karipuna</emphasis>
Rocha, Carrijo &amp; Cancello
</taxonomicName>
). Considering these points, it is difficult to make a comprehensive comparison among all the imagoes herein mentioned, and we prefer to use the characters already accepted as actually important in the diagnosis for each genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE29557FFF0FFE6FF6F3E8FFADEC0EF" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF0FFE6FF6F3E8FFEE2C2DA" bold="true" box="[199,327,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">Remark 2.</emphasis>
We studied the enteric valves of 13 Neotropical
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF0FFE6FCD33EB1FBAAC2DA" box="[891,1039,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF0FFE6FCD33EB1FBAAC2DA" box="[891,1039,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">Nasutitermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, in order to compare them with
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF0FFE6FF673F54FEC1C33F" box="[207,356,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Sandsitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF0FFE6FF673F54FEC1C33F" box="[207,356,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">Sandsitermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. After recognizing the anterior ring and the posterior ring of cushions of these species, we noted that the size, shape and position of cushions vary among the species, for instance: 1) posterior ring show alternating larger and smaller cushions, with the larger having more robust spines, as in
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF0FFE6FB9B3F1DFB64C347" box="[1075,1217,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilinus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF0FFE6FB9B3F1DFB64C347" box="[1075,1217,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">N. aquilinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF0FFE6FB7E3F1CFA8BC346" box="[1238,1326,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 29" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1364,1387]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,187,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,187,1343]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 29. Enteric valve of Nasutitermes species: (24) N. aquilinus; (25) N. stricticeps; (26) N. surinamensis; (27) N. rotundatus; (28) N. octopilis; and (29) N. comstockae. Arrow aligned with axis of valve and oriented from P 2 to paunch (P 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253529/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
; see also
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE8A6FFF0FFE6FF3F3F3FFE65C3AA" author="Martegani" box="[151,448,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="569" refString="Martegani, M. M. &amp; Torales, G. J. (1994) Aportes al conocimiento del tubo digestivo de obreras del genero Nasutitermes (Isoptera: Termitidae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 53, 9 - 20." type="journal article" year="1994">Martegani &amp; Torales 1994</bibRefCitation>
, figs 1–4),
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF0FFE6FD953F21FD67C3AA" box="[573,706,369,392]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaraguae">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF0FFE6FD953F21FD67C3AA" box="[573,706,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">N. jaraguae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF0FFE6FD783F21FCC6C3AA" box="[720,867,369,392]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stricticeps">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF0FFE6FD783F21FCC6C3AA" box="[720,867,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">N. stricticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF0FFE6FCDA3F3FFC60C3AA" box="[882,965,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 29" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1364,1387]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,187,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,187,1343]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 29. Enteric valve of Nasutitermes species: (24) N. aquilinus; (25) N. stricticeps; (26) N. surinamensis; (27) N. rotundatus; (28) N. octopilis; and (29) N. comstockae. Arrow aligned with axis of valve and oriented from P 2 to paunch (P 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253529/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF0FFE6FC713F21FB2BC3AA" box="[985,1166,369,392]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF0FFE6FC713F21FB2BC3AA" box="[985,1166,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">N. surinamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF0FFE6FB343F3FFB4AC3AA" box="[1180,1263,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 29" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1364,1387]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,187,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,187,1343]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 29. Enteric valve of Nasutitermes species: (24) N. aquilinus; (25) N. stricticeps; (26) N. surinamensis; (27) N. rotundatus; (28) N. octopilis; and (29) N. comstockae. Arrow aligned with axis of valve and oriented from P 2 to paunch (P 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253529/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF0FFE6FAAB3F21FA39C3AA" box="[1283,1436,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotundatus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF0FFE6FAAB3F21FA39C3AA" box="[1283,1436,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">N. rotundatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF0FFE6FF373FC4FF50C38E" box="[159,245,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 29" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1364,1387]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,187,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,187,1343]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 29. Enteric valve of Nasutitermes species: (24) N. aquilinus; (25) N. stricticeps; (26) N. surinamensis; (27) N. rotundatus; (28) N. octopilis; and (29) N. comstockae. Arrow aligned with axis of valve and oriented from P 2 to paunch (P 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253529/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF0FFE6FEA43FC5FE34C38F" box="[268,401,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="octopilis">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF0FFE6FEA43FC5FE34C38F" box="[268,401,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">N. octopilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF0FFE6FE0B3FC4FE5CC38E" box="[419,505,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 29" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1364,1387]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,187,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,187,1343]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 29. Enteric valve of Nasutitermes species: (24) N. aquilinus; (25) N. stricticeps; (26) N. surinamensis; (27) N. rotundatus; (28) N. octopilis; and (29) N. comstockae. Arrow aligned with axis of valve and oriented from P 2 to paunch (P 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253529/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF0FFE6FDB83FC5FD12C38F" box="[528,695,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comstockae">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF0FFE6FDB83FC5FD12C38F" box="[528,695,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">N. comstockae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF0FFE6FD613FC4FC85C38E" box="[713,800,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 24 – 29" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1364,1387]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,187,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,187,1343]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 24 – 29. Enteric valve of Nasutitermes species: (24) N. aquilinus; (25) N. stricticeps; (26) N. surinamensis; (27) N. rotundatus; (28) N. octopilis; and (29) N. comstockae. Arrow aligned with axis of valve and oriented from P 2 to paunch (P 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253529/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
); 2) posterior ring show a reduction in armature of the smaller cushions, but an increase in spine size of the larger cushions, as in
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF0FFE6FC413FE9FAFAC3ED" authority="Bandeira &amp; Fontes" authorityName="Bandeira &amp; Fontes" box="[1001,1375,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acangussu">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF0FFE6FC413FE9FB25C3F2" box="[1001,1152,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">N. acangussu</emphasis>
Bandeira &amp; Fontes
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF0FFE6FAC63FE7FF13C3D6" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 32" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1982,2005]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1467,1961]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,1467,1961]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 32. Enteric valve of Nasutitermes species: (30) N. acangussu; (31) N. macrocephalus; (32) N. similis. Arrow aligned with axis of valve and oriented from P 2 to paunch (P 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253530/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF0FFE6FF633F8DFEE8C3D6" box="[203,333,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corniger">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF0FFE6FF633F8DFEE8C3D6" box="[203,333,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">N. corniger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE8A6FFF0FFE6FE223F8CFD13C3D6" author="Martegani" box="[394,694,476,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="569" refString="Martegani, M. M. &amp; Torales, G. J. (1994) Aportes al conocimiento del tubo digestivo de obreras del genero Nasutitermes (Isoptera: Termitidae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 53, 9 - 20." type="journal article" year="1994">Martegani &amp; Torales 1994</bibRefCitation>
, figs 5–8,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE8A6FFF0FFE6FC863F8CFBC6C3D6" author="Constantino" box="[814,1123,476,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="569" refString="Constantino, R. &amp; Acioli, A. N. S. (2009) Ngauratermes arue, new genus and species of nasute termite (Isoptera: Termitidae) from the Amazon. Zootaxa, 2239, 22 - 30." type="journal article" year="2009">Constantino &amp; Acioli 2009</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 6a),
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF0FFE6FB783F8DFA39C3D7" box="[1232,1436,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrocephalus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF0FFE6FB783F8DFA39C3D7" box="[1232,1436,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">N. macrocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF0FFE6FF373FAFFF57C03A" box="[159,242,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 32" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1982,2005]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1467,1961]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,1467,1961]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 32. Enteric valve of Nasutitermes species: (30) N. acangussu; (31) N. macrocephalus; (32) N. similis. Arrow aligned with axis of valve and oriented from P 2 to paunch (P 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253530/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF0FFE6FE9C3C51FE3AC03A" box="[308,415,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF0FFE6FE9C3C51FE3AC03A" box="[308,415,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">N. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF0FFE6FE193FAFFDA2C03A" box="[433,519,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 – 32" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1982,2005]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1467,1961]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,1467,1961]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 30 – 32. Enteric valve of Nasutitermes species: (30) N. acangussu; (31) N. macrocephalus; (32) N. similis. Arrow aligned with axis of valve and oriented from P 2 to paunch (P 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253530/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
). Furthermore,
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF0FFE6FD103C51FC9FC03A" box="[696,826,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF0FFE6FD103C51FC9FC03A" box="[696,826,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">N. wheeleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF0FFE6FCE43FAFFC3AC03A" box="[844,927,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 35" captionStartId="9.[151,264,856,879]" captionTargetBox="[154,1439,177,826]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[154,1439,177,826]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 35. Enteric valve of Nasutitermes species: (33) N. wheeleri; (34) N. hubbardi; (35) N. banksi. Arrow aligned with axis of valve and oriented from P 2 to paunch (P 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253531/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
) is distinct from all other species mentioned because some cushions of the anterior ring are reduced, forming a spiny area. Similarly,
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF0FFE6FBD33C75FAA4C01F" box="[1147,1281,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hubbardi">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF0FFE6FBD33C75FAA4C01F" box="[1147,1281,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">N. hubbardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF0FFE6FABA3C74FAC1C01E" box="[1298,1380,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 35" captionStartId="9.[151,264,856,879]" captionTargetBox="[154,1439,177,826]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[154,1439,177,826]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 35. Enteric valve of Nasutitermes species: (33) N. wheeleri; (34) N. hubbardi; (35) N. banksi. Arrow aligned with axis of valve and oriented from P 2 to paunch (P 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253531/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF0FFE6FF3F3C19FEA5C042" box="[151,256,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banksi">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF0FFE6FF3F3C19FEA5C042" box="[151,256,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">N. banksi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136689D2FFF0FFE6FEA73C17FEFAC042" box="[271,351,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 35" captionStartId="9.[151,264,856,879]" captionTargetBox="[154,1439,177,826]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[154,1439,177,826]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 35. Enteric valve of Nasutitermes species: (33) N. wheeleri; (34) N. hubbardi; (35) N. banksi. Arrow aligned with axis of valve and oriented from P 2 to paunch (P 3)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253531/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
) both have a distinct ring organization, which is a matter for future studies, and may support their treatment as distinct genera, separate from
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF0FFE6FD3F3C3DFC8EC0A6" box="[663,811,621,644]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF0FFE6FD3F3C3DFC8EC0A6" box="[663,811,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">Nasutitermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In summary, no
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF0FFE6FBAC3C3DFB3DC0A6" box="[1028,1176,621,644]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Nasutitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF0FFE6FBAC3C3DFB3DC0A6" box="[1028,1176,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">Nasutitermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species has six equal subtriangular cushions in the posterior ring, and a little-developed anterior ring forming six areas of spines.
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF0FFE6FF3F3CE4FE89C0EF" box="[151,300,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Sandsitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="568" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF0FFE6FF3F3CE4FE89C0EF" box="[151,300,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">Sandsitermes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
perhaps belongs as part of a natural group with
<taxonomicName id="4C5DEED4FFF0FFE6FCE03CE5FB83C0EE" authority="Fontes" authorityName="Fontes" box="[840,1062,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Caetetermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="569" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF0FFE6FCE03CE5FC71C0EE" box="[840,980,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">Caetetermes</emphasis>
Fontes
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE8A6FFF0FFE6FB9C3CE4FAB3C0EF" author="Cuezzo" box="[1076,1302,692,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="569" refString="Cuezzo, C., Carrijo, T. F. &amp; Cancello, E. M. (2015 a) Caetetermes taquarussu Fontes (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae): description of the imago caste and new distributional records. Zootaxa, 3918 (2), 295 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3918.2.10" type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="a">
Cuezzo
<emphasis id="B9294945FFF0FFE6FB393CE5FB6CC0EF" box="[1169,1225,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="569">et al.</emphasis>
2015a
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 15).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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