238 lines
30 KiB
XML
238 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="C28D1A6FB7B78D5987FF61241BDC8209" ID-CLB-Dataset="29492" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4471.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ce956d22-dae0-4074-9ee7-b734852d8d21" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1439403" ID-ZooBank="7939D696-DDA0-46D6-BE0A-94D7A7CB51A9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538338998268" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mlynarek, Julia J. & Wheeler, Terry A." docDate="2018" docId="03E187C6FF844136FF72FF4FFEFEB7AF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4471.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4471 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Melanochaeta Bezzi 1906" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FFD8FFBEFF924121FFE5FFD8FFB1B346" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny and revised classification of the tribe Elachipterini (Diptera: Chloropidae)" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1698557965645" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1A856DA3792857EE9D145A40CE7C6352">
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<mods:title id="F9EA45BE5B60C407119C6F6A25C28415">Phylogeny and revised classification of the tribe Elachipterini (Diptera: Chloropidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CE8644003F90D0AD08B2F06B046B72CD">Mlynarek, Julia J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="39ADD7D7652A2421296F52D0E8D2D9C1">Wheeler, Terry A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DAD230E43372D7F7F5D74CFDB475D5EC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E533D731A19EB86987F5E7D4C76C3B99">
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<mods:date id="80F7B0B8235D8E5A99D85A962FC3A4A2">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3986CCA9CA74381702FA1E92F63FBEC9">2018-09-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="03DFF0D2C5465C00E02A4913FF62C7CB">4471</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E187C6FF844136FF72FF4FFEFEB7AF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5980642" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148415500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5980642" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E187C6FF844136FF72FF4FFEFEB7AF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E187C6FF844136FF72FF4FFEFEB7AF" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="C352655BFF844137FF72FF4FFE96B395" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF844137FF72FF4FFE66B3F4" blockId="22.[151,471,151,211]" box="[151,471,151,178]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="D0BF81BCFF844137FF72FF4FFE66B3F4" bold="true" box="[151,471,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF844137FF72FF4FFE66B3F4" ID-CoL="9CJNR" authority="Bezzi, 1906" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,471,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Melanochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF844137FF72FF4FFE66B3F4" bold="true" box="[151,471,151,178]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF844137FF72FF4FFEF5B3F7" bold="true" box="[151,324,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Melanochaeta</emphasis>
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Bezzi, 1906
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF844137FF72FF62FE96B395" blockId="22.[151,471,151,211]" box="[151,295,186,211]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13732A55FF844137FF7AFF62FEAEB395" box="[159,287,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–49" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[172,1412,500,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[150,1436,455,1769]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 44–49. Melanochaeta species. 44–46. Melanochaeta capreolus. 44. Head, lateral; 45. Antenna; 46. Scutellum, dorsal; 47–49. Melanochaeta atricornis. 47. Male genitalia, posterior; 48. Male genitalia, lateral; 49. Male genitalia, ventral. Abbreviations: cer—cercus; epd—epandrium; hyp—hypandrium; sur—surstylus. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439431/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 44–49</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C352655BFF844137FF72FEDAFB3DB2D5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF844137FF72FEDAFEFAB271" blockId="22.[151,1436,258,403]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF844137FF72FEDAFE68B25E" authority="Bezzi, 1895: 72" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityPageNumber="72" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,473,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Pachychoeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF844137FF72FEDAFEABB25E" box="[151,282,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pachychoeta</emphasis>
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Bezzi, 1895: 72
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</taxonomicName>
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. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF844137FD6DFEDAFC47B25E" authority="Strobl, 1880" authorityName="Strobl" authorityYear="1880" box="[648,1014,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atterima">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF844137FD6DFEDAFCD5B25E" box="[648,868,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Elachiptera atterima</emphasis>
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Strobl, 1880
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</taxonomicName>
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF844137FBC5FEDAFA87B25E" authority="(Haliday, 1838)" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1838" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[1056,1334,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Melanochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capreolus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF844137FBC5FEDAFB32B25E" box="[1056,1155,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">capreolus</emphasis>
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(Haliday, 1838)
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</taxonomicName>
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(original designation).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF844137FF72FE98FB2EB210" blockId="22.[151,1436,258,403]" box="[151,1183,320,342]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF844137FF72FE98FE7CB210" ID-CoL="9CJNR" authority="Bezzi, 1906: 50" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityPageNumber="50" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,461,320,342]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Melanochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF844137FF72FE98FE99B210" box="[151,296,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Melanochaeta</emphasis>
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Bezzi, 1906: 50
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</taxonomicName>
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(replacement name for
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF844137FD5AFE98FC0CB210" authority="Bezzi 1895" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1895" box="[703,957,320,342]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Pachychoeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF844137FD5AFE98FCF3B210" box="[703,834,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pachychoeta</emphasis>
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Bezzi 1895
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</taxonomicName>
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, preocc. Bigot, 1857).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF844137FF72FE86FBD1B232" blockId="22.[151,1436,258,403]" box="[151,1120,350,372]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF844137FF72FE86FE53B232" authority="Hendel, 1907: 98" authorityName="Hendel" authorityPageNumber="98" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,482,350,372]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Pachychaetina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF844137FF72FE86FE9FB232" box="[151,302,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pachychaetina</emphasis>
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Hendel, 1907: 98
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</taxonomicName>
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(unnecessary replacement name for
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF844137FCB3FE86FBEBB232" authority="Bezzi, 1895" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1895" box="[854,1114,350,372]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Pachychoeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF844137FCB3FE86FC68B232" box="[854,985,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pachychoeta</emphasis>
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Bezzi, 1895
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF844137FF72FEA5FB3DB2D5" blockId="22.[151,1436,258,403]" box="[151,1164,381,403]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF844137FF72FEA5FE72B2D5" ID-CoL="8FPM7" authority="Corti, 1909: 147" authorityName="Corti" authorityPageNumber="147" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,451,381,403]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Lasiochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF844137FF72FEA5FEA2B2D5" box="[151,275,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Lasiochaeta</emphasis>
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Corti, 1909: 147
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</taxonomicName>
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. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF844137FDBEFEA5FBB6B2D5" ID-CoL="8BYSD" authority="Thalhammer, 1898" authorityName="Thalhammer" authorityYear="1898" box="[603,1031,381,403]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Elachiptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF844137FDBEFEA5FCF0B2D5" box="[603,833,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Elachiptera pubescens</emphasis>
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Thalhammer, 1898
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</taxonomicName>
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(monotypy).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF376658FF844137FF72F926FB1FB414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439431/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[151,264,1790,1812]" targetBox="[172,1412,500,1740]" targetPageId="22">
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<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF844137FF72F926FB1FB414" blockId="22.[151,1437,1790,1874]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF844137FF72F926FEE6B452" bold="true" box="[151,343,1790,1812]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FIGURES 44–49.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF844137FE84F926FE43B452" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1906" box="[353,498,1790,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Melanochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF844137FE84F926FE43B452" box="[353,498,1790,1812]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Melanochaeta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species. 44–46.
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF844137FD43F926FC1AB452" box="[678,939,1790,1812]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF844137FD43F926FC16B452" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[678,935,1790,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Melanochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capreolus">Melanochaeta capreolus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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44. Head, lateral; 45. Antenna; 46. Scutellum, dorsal; 47–49.
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF844137FED4F8C5FD84B475" box="[305,565,1821,1843]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF844137FED4F8C5FD80B475" baseAuthorityName="Adams" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[305,561,1821,1843]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Melanochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atricornis">Melanochaeta atricornis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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47. Male genitalia, posterior; 48. Male genitalia, lateral; 49. Male genitalia, ventral. Abbreviations: cer—cercus; epd—epandrium; hyp—hypandrium; sur—surstylus. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C352655BFF844137FF72F8A1FC14B4F0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF844137FF72F8A1FC14B4F0" blockId="22.[151,1436,1913,2010]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF844137FF72F8A1FEA0B4D4" bold="true" box="[151,273,1913,1938]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF844137FEF9F8A1FE19B4D4" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1910" box="[284,424,1913,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oscinellinae">Oscinellinae</taxonomicName>
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with round, smooth scutellum, reniform third antennal segment, slender to thick arista with heavy pubescence and two orbital bristles longer than the others.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C352655BFF844136FF22F819FBB8B08E" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF844136FF22F819FA32B206" blockId="22.[151,1436,1913,2010]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1437,151,1257]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF844137FF22F819FEE8B49C" bold="true" box="[199,345,1985,2010]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Description.</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF844137FEBAF819FE5DB49C" box="[351,492,1985,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chloropidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF844137FE1DF819FD39B49C" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1910" box="[504,648,1985,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oscinellinae">Oscinellinae</taxonomicName>
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. Vertex rounded in lateral view (
|
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<figureCitation id="13732A55FF844137FC10F819FBF8B49C" box="[1013,1097,1985,2010]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–49" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[172,1412,500,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[150,1436,455,1769]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 44–49. Melanochaeta species. 44–46. Melanochaeta capreolus. 44. Head, lateral; 45. Antenna; 46. Scutellum, dorsal; 47–49. Melanochaeta atricornis. 47. Male genitalia, posterior; 48. Male genitalia, lateral; 49. Male genitalia, ventral. Abbreviations: cer—cercus; epd—epandrium; hyp—hypandrium; sur—surstylus. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439431/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
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); frontal triangle shining, bare to pollinose; frons microtomentose; cephalic chaetotaxy: long peristomal bristles, cruciate postocellar bristles, cruciate short ocellar bristles, long outer vertical bristles, interfrontal bristles long and on margin of frontal triangle, orbital bristles reclinate, 2 longer than others; eye sparsely and microscopically pubescent; gena narrow, vibrissal angle rounded, indistinct; face flat, wide, carina absent; first flagellomere reniform, higher than wide, arista longer than width of frons, slender to flat and wide, heavily pubescent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF854136FC8DFEFFFC0CB206" box="[872,957,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–49" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[172,1412,500,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[150,1436,455,1769]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 44–49. Melanochaeta species. 44–46. Melanochaeta capreolus. 44. Head, lateral; 45. Antenna; 46. Scutellum, dorsal; 47–49. Melanochaeta atricornis. 47. Male genitalia, posterior; 48. Male genitalia, lateral; 49. Male genitalia, ventral. Abbreviations: cer—cercus; epd—epandrium; hyp—hypandrium; sur—surstylus. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439431/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
|
||
); proboscis short, palpus short to longer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF854136FF22FE94FD86B126" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Scutum square, as wide as long; thoracic chaetotaxy: 1 anterior, 2 posterior notopleurals (upper posterior sometimes weak), 1 postsutural supra-alar bristle, 1 dorsocentral bristle; scutellum rounded dorsally, round, wider than long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF854136FEF4FE4CFED7B2EB" box="[273,358,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–49" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[172,1412,500,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[150,1436,455,1769]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 44–49. Melanochaeta species. 44–46. Melanochaeta capreolus. 44. Head, lateral; 45. Antenna; 46. Scutellum, dorsal; 47–49. Melanochaeta atricornis. 47. Male genitalia, posterior; 48. Male genitalia, lateral; 49. Male genitalia, ventral. Abbreviations: cer—cercus; epd—epandrium; hyp—hypandrium; sur—surstylus. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439431/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
); 1 pair apical scutellar bristles, 1 pair of lateral scutellar bristles; thoracic pleurites bare except for a row of setulae on katepisternum. Wing long, narrow, hyaline, second costal sector equal to third costal sector, distance between crossvein r-m and dm-cu 2–4 times length of dm-cu, anal angle reduced, alula small, much longer than wide; veins pale; halter white. Legs long and slender; male femoral organ present as 1–3 rows of 4–6 tubercles; small, apical ventral spur on mid tibia; hind tibial spur absent; tibial organ oval, sometimes very narrow, 0.2 to 0.25 times length of hind tibia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF854136FF22FDB4FBCBB1EE" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Abdominal tergites setulose laterally and with sparse setae posteriorly, mostly microtomentose; sternites slender, with sparse setae; male spiracles
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B35FF854136FD82FD57FD1FB1EE" box="[615,686,655,680]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="in" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 in</quantity>
|
||
membrane near lateral margin of tergite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF854136FF22FD6CFA2DB01B" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Male postabdomen: pregenital sclerites narrow; spiracles 6 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CB09B35FF854136FC4EFD6DFC68B18B" box="[939,985,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
|
||
membrane ventral to lateral margin of dorsal sclerite; epandrium rounded, usually higher than long in lateral view and wider than high in posterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF854136FF7AFD24FF47B052" box="[159,246,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–49" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[172,1412,500,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[150,1436,455,1769]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 44–49. Melanochaeta species. 44–46. Melanochaeta capreolus. 44. Head, lateral; 45. Antenna; 46. Scutellum, dorsal; 47–49. Melanochaeta atricornis. 47. Male genitalia, posterior; 48. Male genitalia, lateral; 49. Male genitalia, ventral. Abbreviations: cer—cercus; epd—epandrium; hyp—hypandrium; sur—surstylus. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439431/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
|
||
); surstylus simple, narrow, parallel sided (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF854136FD01FD24FC8DB052" box="[740,828,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–49" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[172,1412,500,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[150,1436,455,1769]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 44–49. Melanochaeta species. 44–46. Melanochaeta capreolus. 44. Head, lateral; 45. Antenna; 46. Scutellum, dorsal; 47–49. Melanochaeta atricornis. 47. Male genitalia, posterior; 48. Male genitalia, lateral; 49. Male genitalia, ventral. Abbreviations: cer—cercus; epd—epandrium; hyp—hypandrium; sur—surstylus. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439431/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
); hypandrium closed posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13732A55FF854136FB26FD24FAAAB052" box="[1219,1307,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 44–49" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[172,1412,500,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[150,1436,455,1769]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 44–49. Melanochaeta species. 44–46. Melanochaeta capreolus. 44. Head, lateral; 45. Antenna; 46. Scutellum, dorsal; 47–49. Melanochaeta atricornis. 47. Male genitalia, posterior; 48. Male genitalia, lateral; 49. Male genitalia, ventral. Abbreviations: cer—cercus; epd—epandrium; hyp—hypandrium; sur—surstylus. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1439431/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
|
||
); pregonite fused with postgonite, weakly sclerotized; basiphallus elongate, weakly sclerotized; distiphallus short, membranous; phallapodeme simple; phallic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF854136FD62FC9CFD74B01B" box="[647,709,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Anatrichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guide">guide</taxonomicName>
|
||
sclerotized; cercus small, triangular, projecting posteroventrally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF854136FF22FCBFFC77B0C6" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1257]" box="[199,966,871,896]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Female terminalia not modified, cerci separate, cylindrical, setulose.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF854136FF22FC54FBB8B08E" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF854136FF22FC54FE40B0E3" bold="true" box="[199,497,908,933]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF854136FE1FFC54FD2BB0E3" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1906" box="[506,666,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Melanochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF854136FE1FFC54FD2BB0E3" box="[506,666,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Melanochaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed in the Palearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental and Nearctic realms, with highest species richness in the Afrotropical and Palearctic realms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C352655BFF854136FF22FC0CFEFEB7AF" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF736D0FF854136FF22FC0CFEFEB7AF" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF854136FF22FC0CFE8AB0AB" bold="true" box="[199,315,980,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF854136FEA3FC0CFDEEB0AB" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[326,607,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Melanochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capreolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF854136FEA3FC0CFDEEB0AB" box="[326,607,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Melanochaeta capreolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was consistently placed within the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF854136FBA8FC0CFB5CB0AB" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1906" box="[1101,1261,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Melanochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF854136FBA8FC0CFB5CB0AB" box="[1101,1261,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Melanochaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in our analyses, and not close to the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF854136FD81FC2FFD7EB756" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1910" box="[612,719,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF854136FD81FC2FFD7EB756" box="[612,719,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Oscinella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
treated as an outgroup. In the absence of additional supporting evidence (e.g. molecular sequence data), and because their decision was not based on explicit phylogenetic methods, Nartshuk and von Tschirnhaus’s (2012) reassignment of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF854136FC9DFB99FBB8B71E" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[888,1033,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Melanochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capreolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF854136FC9DFB99FBB8B71E" box="[888,1033,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. capreolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not supported, for the time being. Therefore
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF854136FEE9FBBCFE1DB73B" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1906" box="[268,428,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Melanochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF854136FEE9FBBCFE1DB73B" box="[268,428,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Melanochaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should no be considered a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF854136FC8DFBBCFC62B73B" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1910" box="[872,979,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF854136FC8DFBBCFC62B73B" box="[872,979,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Oscinella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. If, with further evidence using different characters and further analyses,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF854136FDF5FB5FFD01B7E6" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1906" box="[528,688,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Melanochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF854136FDF5FB5FFD01B7E6" box="[528,688,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Melanochaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more closely related to
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF854136FC17FB5FFBD2B7E6" box="[1010,1123,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF854136FC17FB5FFBD1B7E6" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1910" box="[1010,1120,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Oscinella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oscinella</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and then the ICZN ruling (opinion 2336 (case 3576) 2014) will be in effect. Until that time,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF854136FC46FB74FBF2B783" authorityName="Bezzi" authorityYear="1906" box="[931,1091,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Melanochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF854136FC46FB74FBF2B783" box="[931,1091,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Melanochaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is valid and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C484D53FF854136FB3AFB74FAD9B783" authorityName="Corti" authorityYear="1909" box="[1247,1384,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" genus="Lasiochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93CEAC2FF854136FB3AFB74FAD9B783" box="[1247,1384,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Lasiochaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a junior synonym.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |