236 lines
31 KiB
XML
236 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="2B3FB2E95663F3DF01CFE13F37383F67" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5188356" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5188356" ID-ZooBank="AC2597CC-301F-4E91-9711-5C17399C9AA2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628346141153" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="King, Jonas G. & Lago, Paul K." docDate="2012" docId="03E15618982C0B26FF19FB1B490219F9" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0275.1-53.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2012 (275)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Heterocerus mollinus Kiesenwetter 1851" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FFD82E60983B0B3EFFD9FFF94D431A43" masterDocTitle="The variegated mud-loving beetles (Coleoptera: Heteroceridae) of Mississippi and Alabama, with discussion and keys to the species occurring in the southeastern United States" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1699045744038" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="FA80EEF1AC1B98D4133EDEF982AD6451">The variegated mud-loving beetles (Coleoptera: Heteroceridae) of Mississippi and Alabama, with discussion and keys to the species occurring in the southeastern United States</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2D36A8D636E5AA965F8F284F21EB6AC8" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="BAE390CC93CDF0ECDB64F51D66EE2E63">King, Jonas G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="F17CA3BED6B035A28ED728303ACED440" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CE68F1341DE8808197A78B4213165A94">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="52FE1ECC2E2F391767D6E2DBCECB4411">Lago, Paul K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FA1ABD1888322BBF244479F14E517CFD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="37FB582BE2CA7172DEBBECA39AA4920B">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C89B9A5676797FF787CCA4001FB1B517">
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<mods:date id="50F05617B3F3787D0A68C2C88A46D8A7">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="917447DE3D6D8B7F7959A70C25DBEC74">2012-12-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="E9C5E9DD44E6E7E33F720532E3A11B8D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="6326E9E8D9786E805EF49F95A62240DE">2012</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="2D557E7D461BB7A7C1CFE5C3851376B7" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="3D82F8DCFA44ED2F7EBB6D35BA8B711B">275</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="A1C0735A26F5E4FBDB5EB0286A49EAA4">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="601B8E345E771AECF9F8DF26F842E1CC" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5188356</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E80189D4DC3C3C04F9DAA38CB6056D89" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="14859B502C0493FB1E0C5F4C96FF2E4E" type="Zenodo-Dep">5188356</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E15618982C0B26FF19FB1B490219F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5187849" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5187849" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E15618982C0B26FF19FB1B490219F9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E15618982C0B26FF19FB1B490219F9" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection id="C352B485982C0B29FF19FB1B4FF91EB9" box="[192,698,1250,1274]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF7E70E982C0B29FF19FB1B4FF91EB9" blockId="23.[192,698,1250,1306]" box="[192,698,1250,1274]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="D0BF5062982C0B29FF19FB1B4FF91EB9" bold="true" box="[192,698,1250,1274]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B93C3B1C982C0B29FF19FB1B4FF91EB9" bold="true" box="[192,698,1250,1274]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
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9.
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<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D982C0B29FF04FB1A4FF91EB9" authority="Kiesenwetter" authorityName="Kiesenwetter" authorityYear="1851" box="[221,698,1250,1274]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Heterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mollinus">
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<emphasis id="B93C3B1C982C0B29FF04FB1A4CBD1EB9" bold="true" box="[221,510,1250,1274]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Heterocerus mollinus</emphasis>
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Kiesenwetter
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C352B485982C0B29FF19FAFB4CC21F59" box="[192,385,1282,1306]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF7E70E982C0B29FF19FAFB4CC21F59" blockId="23.[192,698,1250,1306]" box="[192,385,1282,1306]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1373FB8B982C0B29FF10FAFB4C621F59" box="[201,289,1282,1306]" captionStart="Figures 18-20" captionStartId="16.[192,286,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox="[217,1350,191,1276]" captionTargetId="figure-640@16.[746,784,656,734]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figures 18-20. Habiti of large Heterocerus species with post-mesocoxal lines. 18) H. insolens. 19) H. sinuosus. 20) H. mollinus. Specimens 20a and 20c are hypermandibulate. Scale line = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5188370/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1373FB8B982C0B29FEF7FAFB4C0E1F59" box="[302,333,1282,1306]" captionStart="Figures 32-44" captionStartId="38.[192,286,1682,1704]" captionTargetBox="[192,1357,192,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-419@38.[688,779,856,946]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figures 32-44. Male genitalia of southeastern Heterocerus species. The ventral view is shown unless otherwise stated. 32-39) Species that lack post-mesocoxal lines. 32) H. fatuus. 33) H. glicki. 34) H. intermuralis. 35) H. angustatus; left - ventral view, right - dorsal view. 36) H. longilobulus. 37) H. pallidus; left - ventral view, right - dorsal view. 38) H. gnatho; left - ventral view, right - dorsal view. 39) H. sandersoni; left - ventral view, center - dorsal view, left - lateral view. 40-44) Species with post-mesocoxal lines. 40) H. sinuosus; left - dorsal view, right - ventral aspect. 41) H. mollinus. 42) H. insolens; left - dorsal view, right - ventral aspect. 43) H. parrotus. 44) H. brunneus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5188382/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">41</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1373FB8B982C0B29FE82FAFB4C391F59" box="[347,378,1282,1306]" captionStart="Figures 58-65" captionStartId="40.[192,286,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[192,1441,191,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-1578@40.[816,865,864,1011]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figures 58-65. Distribution by county in the United States. 58) Heterocerus fatuus. 59) Heterocerus sandersoni. 60) Heterocerus intermuralis. 61) Heterocerus angustatus. 62) Heterocerus mollinus. 63) Heterocerus selanderi.64) Distribution of Heterocerus sinuosis by county in Mississippi. 65) Distribution of Heterocerus collaris by county in the United States." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5188390/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">62</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C352B485982C0B29FF19FABA4E331F39" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF7E70E982C0B29FF19FABA4FA81F19" blockId="23.[192,880,1346,1402]" box="[192,747,1346,1370]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB58C020982C0B29FF19FABA4FA81F19" box="[192,747,1346,1370]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE9C11F982C0B29FF19FABA4FA41F19" author="Kiesenwetter, E." box="[192,743,1346,1370]" page="289" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" year="1851">
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<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D982C0B29FF19FABA4FA41F19" authority="Kiesenwetter 1851: 289" authorityName="Kiesenwetter" authorityPageNumber="289" authorityYear="1851" box="[192,743,1346,1370]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Heterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mollinus">
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<emphasis id="B93C3B1C982C0B29FF19FABA4C821F19" box="[192,449,1346,1370]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Heterocerus mollinus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD99AFF982C0B29FE1EFABB4FA41F19" author="Kiesenwetter, E." box="[455,743,1346,1370]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" pagination="281 - 300" refId="ref21141" refString="Kiesenwetter, E. von. 1851. Revision der Kafergattung Heterocerus. Linnaea Entomologica 5: 281 - 300." type="journal article" year="1851">Kiesenwetter 1851: 289</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF7E70E982C0B29FF19FA9A4E331F39" blockId="23.[192,880,1346,1402]" box="[192,880,1378,1402]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB58C020982C0B29FF19FA9A4E331F39" box="[192,880,1378,1402]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D982C0B29FF19FA9A4FD11F39" authority="(Kiesenwetter)" baseAuthorityName="Kiesenwetter" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[192,658,1378,1402]" class="Echinoidea" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Lanternarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mollinus">
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<emphasis id="B93C3B1C982C0B29FF19FA9A4C971F39" box="[192,468,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Lanternarius mollinus</emphasis>
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(Kiesenwetter)
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE9C11F982C0B29FD45FA9B4E2E1F39" author="Pacheco, F." box="[668,877,1378,1402]" page="66" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" year="1964">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD99AFF982C0B29FD45FA9B4E2E1F39" author="Pacheco, F." box="[668,877,1378,1402]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 155" refId="ref22030" refString="Pacheco, F. 1964. Sistematica, filogenia y distribucion de los Heteroceridos de America (Coleoptera; Heteroceridae). Monografias del Colegio de Post-graduados, No. 1, Escuela Nacional de Agricultura, Chapingo, Mexico, Vol. 1: 1 - 155." type="journal article" year="1964">Pacheco 1964: 66</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C352B485982C0B29FF19FA5B4F721CB9" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF7E70E982C0B29FF19FA5B4F721CB9" blockId="23.[192,1440,1442,1786]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B93C3B1C982C0B29FF19FA5B4C281FF9" bold="true" box="[192,363,1442,1466]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Description.</emphasis>
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Length 4.0 -
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<quantity id="4CB04AEB982C0B29FDDDFA5B4F231FF9" box="[516,608,1442,1466]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
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. Dark red to dark brown. Apical angles of pronotum usually pale. Pale elytral markings distinct and often trifaciate with two basal, one median, and two apical light marks (
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<figureCitation id="1373FB8B982C0B29FF10FA1B4C631FB9" box="[201,288,1506,1530]" captionStart="Figures 18-20" captionStartId="16.[192,286,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox="[217,1350,191,1276]" captionTargetId="figure-640@16.[746,784,656,734]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figures 18-20. Habiti of large Heterocerus species with post-mesocoxal lines. 18) H. insolens. 19) H. sinuosus. 20) H. mollinus. Specimens 20a and 20c are hypermandibulate. Scale line = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5188370/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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); markings variable, in extreme cases basal and medial elytral markings lacking; striae vaguely indicated. Post-metathoracic coxal lines absent, post-mesothoracic coxal lines prominent. Male genitalia (
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<figureCitation id="1373FB8B982C0B29FF10F9DB4C5F1C79" box="[201,284,1570,1594]" captionStart="Figures 32-44" captionStartId="38.[192,286,1682,1704]" captionTargetBox="[192,1357,192,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-419@38.[688,779,856,946]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figures 32-44. Male genitalia of southeastern Heterocerus species. The ventral view is shown unless otherwise stated. 32-39) Species that lack post-mesocoxal lines. 32) H. fatuus. 33) H. glicki. 34) H. intermuralis. 35) H. angustatus; left - ventral view, right - dorsal view. 36) H. longilobulus. 37) H. pallidus; left - ventral view, right - dorsal view. 38) H. gnatho; left - ventral view, right - dorsal view. 39) H. sandersoni; left - ventral view, center - dorsal view, left - lateral view. 40-44) Species with post-mesocoxal lines. 40) H. sinuosus; left - dorsal view, right - ventral aspect. 41) H. mollinus. 42) H. insolens; left - dorsal view, right - ventral aspect. 43) H. parrotus. 44) H. brunneus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5188382/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
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) of the typical
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<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D982C0B29FE15F9DA4F191C79" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1792" box="[460,602,1571,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Heterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93C3B1C982C0B29FE15F9DA4F191C79" box="[460,602,1571,1594]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Heterocerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus id="54F359AC982C0B29FD86F9DA4FD51C78" box="[607,662,1571,1595]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
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, phallobase gradually narrowed anteriorly to approximately 75% of its greatest width; median plate, in anterior half, linear and positioned on left side of the midline of the phallobase; parameres triangular with rounded apices, their medial edges only slightly divergent anteriorly and separated by about half the width of one paramere; dorsal plate nearly circular, with a small sclerotized cleft on its left anterior edge. Perhaps half of all male specimens are indistinguishable from females externally, but the remainder show some degree of mandibular enlargement, with about 10% being truly hypermandibulate.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C352B485982C0B26FF19F8DB480C18F9" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BF7E70E982C0B26FF19F8DB49711B19" blockId="23.[192,1440,1826,1914]" lastBlockId="24.[192,1441,194,346]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B93C3B1C982C0B29FF19F8DB4C131D79" bold="true" box="[192,336,1826,1850]" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This species is similar in general appearance to two other southeastern species that have post-mesothoracic coxal lines,
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<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D982C0B29FDE7F8BA4F931D19" authorityName="King & Lago" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="King & Lago" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[574,720,1859,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Heterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuosus">
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<emphasis id="B93C3B1C982C0B29FDE7F8BA4F931D19" box="[574,720,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">H. sinuosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D982C0B29FCC8F8BA4EDE1D19" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1994" box="[785,925,1858,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Heterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolens">
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<emphasis id="B93C3B1C982C0B29FCC8F8BA4EDE1D19" box="[785,925,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">H. insolens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Similar coloration of the pronotum and elytra distinguishes
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<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D982C0B29FE6DF89A4F001D39" baseAuthorityName="Kiesenwetter" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[436,579,1890,1914]" class="Echinoidea" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Lanternarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mollinus">
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<emphasis id="B93C3B1C982C0B29FE6DF89A4F001D39" box="[436,579,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">H. mollinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D982C0B29FD53F89A4E551D39" authorityName="King & Lago" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="King & Lago" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[650,790,1891,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Heterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuosus">
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<emphasis id="B93C3B1C982C0B29FD53F89A4E551D39" box="[650,790,1891,1914]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">H. sinuosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, in which the pronotum is lighter than the elytra (
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<figureCitation id="1373FB8B982C0B26FAB6F89B4DA21A99" captionStart="Figures 18-20" captionStartId="16.[192,286,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox="[217,1350,191,1276]" captionTargetId="figure-640@16.[746,784,656,734]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figures 18-20. Habiti of large Heterocerus species with post-mesocoxal lines. 18) H. insolens. 19) H. sinuosus. 20) H. mollinus. Specimens 20a and 20c are hypermandibulate. Scale line = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5188370/files/figure.png" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D98230B26FF2CFF3A4CBB1A99" authorityName="Kiesenwetter" authorityYear="1851" box="[245,504,194,218]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Heterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mollinus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98230B26FF2CFF3A4CBB1A99" box="[245,504,194,218]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Heterocerus mollinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is very similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D98230B26FD16FF3A4E151A99" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1994" box="[719,854,194,218]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Heterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolens">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98230B26FD16FF3A4E151A99" box="[719,854,194,218]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">H. insolens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and is most easily distinguished by examination of the male genitalia. The gradually narrowed phallobase of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D98230B26FC73FF1A49781AB9" authorityName="Kiesenwetter" authorityYear="1851" box="[938,1083,226,250]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Heterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mollinus">
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|
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98230B26FC73FF1A49781AB9" box="[938,1083,226,250]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">H. mollinus</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
immediately distinguishes it from
|
|
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98230B26FEDDFEFA4CD51B59" box="[260,406,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D98230B26FEDDFEFA4CD21B59" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1994" box="[260,401,258,282]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Heterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolens">H. insolens</taxonomicName>
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|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
in which there is a more abrupt constriction (
|
|
<figureCitation id="1373FB8B98230B26FC3BFEFB497D1B59" box="[994,1086,258,282]" captionStart="Figures 32-44" captionStartId="38.[192,286,1682,1704]" captionTargetBox="[192,1357,192,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-419@38.[688,779,856,946]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figures 32-44. Male genitalia of southeastern Heterocerus species. The ventral view is shown unless otherwise stated. 32-39) Species that lack post-mesocoxal lines. 32) H. fatuus. 33) H. glicki. 34) H. intermuralis. 35) H. angustatus; left - ventral view, right - dorsal view. 36) H. longilobulus. 37) H. pallidus; left - ventral view, right - dorsal view. 38) H. gnatho; left - ventral view, right - dorsal view. 39) H. sandersoni; left - ventral view, center - dorsal view, left - lateral view. 40-44) Species with post-mesocoxal lines. 40) H. sinuosus; left - dorsal view, right - ventral aspect. 41) H. mollinus. 42) H. insolens; left - dorsal view, right - ventral aspect. 43) H. parrotus. 44) H. brunneus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5188382/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
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|
). Generally, specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D98230B26FA5AFEFA4C601B79" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Heterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolens">
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|
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98230B26FA5AFEFA4C601B79" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">H. insolens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
often can be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D98230B26FD76FEDA4E7C1B79" authorityName="Kiesenwetter" authorityYear="1851" box="[687,831,290,314]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Heterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mollinus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98230B26FD76FEDA4E7C1B79" box="[687,831,290,314]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">H. mollinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by the elytral pattern. The median and distal pale markings are less extensive in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D98230B26FDEFFEBA4F841B19" authorityName="Kiesenwetter" authorityYear="1851" box="[566,711,322,346]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Heterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mollinus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98230B26FDEFFEBA4F841B19" box="[566,711,322,346]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">H. mollinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(compare
|
|
<figureCitation id="1373FB8B98230B26FC9EFEBB49661B19" box="[839,1061,322,346]" captionStart="Figures 18-20" captionStartId="16.[192,286,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox="[217,1350,191,1276]" captionTargetId="figure-640@16.[746,784,656,734]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figures 18-20. Habiti of large Heterocerus species with post-mesocoxal lines. 18) H. insolens. 19) H. sinuosus. 20) H. mollinus. Specimens 20a and 20c are hypermandibulate. Scale line = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5188370/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Figures 18 and 20</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF7E70E98230B26FF19FE7B4E761819" blockId="24.[192,1440,386,698]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98230B26FF19FE7B4C541BD9" bold="true" box="[192,279,386,410]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Notes.</emphasis>
|
|
This is the most common species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D98230B26FD33FE7A4E391BD9" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1792" box="[746,890,387,410]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Heterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98230B26FD33FE7A4E391BD9" box="[746,890,387,410]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Heterocerus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in the eastern
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F35FA79E98230B26FBE5FE7B49A91BD9" box="[1084,1258,386,410]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">United States</collectingCountry>
|
|
. Thousands of specimens can be collected in light traps placed near muddy river banks. During this study, much of the labor required during the processing of light trap samples involved distinguishing other species of heterocerids from the huge numbers of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D98230B26FD79FE1A4E731BB9" authorityName="Kiesenwetter" authorityYear="1851" box="[672,816,482,506]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Heterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mollinus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98230B26FD79FE1A4E731BB9" box="[672,816,482,506]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">H. mollinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
present.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD99AFF98230B26FC79FE1B49131BB9" author="Miller, W. V." box="[928,1104,482,506]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" pagination="30 - 33" refId="ref21887" refString="Miller, W. V. 1988 b. New species of Heteroceridae recorded from Florida and Canada. Florida Entomologist 71: 30 - 33." type="journal article" year="1988">Miller (1988b)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
coined the term king males for male specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D98230B26FE13FDFA4F191859" authorityName="Kiesenwetter" authorityYear="1851" box="[458,602,514,538]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Heterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mollinus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98230B26FE13FDFA4F191859" box="[458,602,514,538]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">H. mollinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
that have a dorsal horn protruding from the surface of the mandibles, as well as being hypermandibulate to an exaggerated extent. No king males were found among the thousands of specimens examined during this study.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF7E70E98230B26FF29FD9A480C18F9" blockId="24.[192,1440,386,698]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D98230B26FF29FD9A4CB01839" authorityName="Kiesenwetter" authorityYear="1851" box="[240,499,610,634]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Heterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mollinus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98230B26FF29FD9A4CB01839" box="[240,499,610,634]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Heterocerus mollinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has been collected from a wide range of habitats throughout
|
|
<collectingRegion id="498C29EC98230B26FB14FD9B481A1839" box="[1229,1369,610,634]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
|
. This, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D98230B26FF2FFD7A4C8D18D9" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[246,462,642,666]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Tropicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98230B26FF2FFD7A4C8D18D9" box="[246,462,642,666]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Tropicus pusillus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, are the only heterocerids in the study area that are often collected from nonriverine environments, such as roadside ditches. It is common near rivers and ponds of all sizes.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C352B48598230B26FF19FD1B490219F9" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF7E70E98230B26FF19FD1B4C9E1919" blockId="24.[192,1440,738,858]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98230B26FF19FD1B4C2E18B9" bold="true" box="[192,365,738,762]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Distribution</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D98230B26FEA7FD1A4FC618B9" authorityName="Kiesenwetter" authorityYear="1851" box="[382,645,738,762]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Heterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mollinus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98230B26FEA7FD1A4FC618B9" box="[382,645,738,762]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Heterocerus mollinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
occurs throughout North America, except northern
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F35FA79E98230B26FAC4FD1B483D18B9" box="[1309,1406,738,762]" name="Canada" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
|
. It occurs throughout the study area (
|
|
<figureCitation id="1373FB8B98230B26FDBFFCFB4FFD1959" box="[614,702,770,794]" captionStart="Figures 58-65" captionStartId="40.[192,286,1807,1829]" captionTargetBox="[192,1441,191,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-1578@40.[816,865,864,1011]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figures 58-65. Distribution by county in the United States. 58) Heterocerus fatuus. 59) Heterocerus sandersoni. 60) Heterocerus intermuralis. 61) Heterocerus angustatus. 62) Heterocerus mollinus. 63) Heterocerus selanderi.64) Distribution of Heterocerus sinuosis by county in Mississippi. 65) Distribution of Heterocerus collaris by county in the United States." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5188390/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
|
|
), but appears to be less common near the Atlantic Coast and in Florida. Specimens examined from five localities in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F35FA79E98230B26FC82FCDB4EFF1979" box="[859,956,802,826]" name="Georgia" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
|
and two in Florida represent new state records (See Appendix).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BF7E70E98230B26FF19FC7B490219F9" blockId="24.[192,1440,898,954]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98230B26FF19FC7B4C9E19D9" bold="true" box="[192,477,898,922]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
|
1,931, not including approximately 19,900 collected
|
|
<date id="FFF6C1CE98230B26FBE3FC7B499319D9" box="[1082,1232,898,923]" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" value="2005-05-26">26 May 2005</date>
|
|
, Jefferson County
|
|
<collectingRegion id="498C29EC98230B26FF19FC5B4C0F19F9" box="[192,332,930,954]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
|
, Flathead Lake,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="EE7C81C998230B26FDCCFC5A4FF719F9" box="[533,692,929,954]" degrees="31" direction="north" minutes="50.706" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="23" precision="1" value="31.8451">
|
|
N 31
|
|
<superScript id="7C3D4A4698230B26FD96FC584F1419EC" attach="left" box="[591,599,929,943]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">o</superScript>
|
|
50.706'
|
|
</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, W -91
|
|
<superScript id="7C3D4A4698230B26FCD7FC584E5519EC" attach="left" box="[782,790,929,943]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="23">o</superScript>
|
|
12.899'. (See Appendix).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |