treatments-xml/data/03/E1/56/03E1561898240B1EFF19FA5B4FA018F9.xml
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<document id="C0AB70EDD3E090E986FB4341FA3C7777" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5188356" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5188356" ID-ZooBank="AC2597CC-301F-4E91-9711-5C17399C9AA2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628346141153" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="King, Jonas G. &amp; Lago, Paul K." docDate="2012" docId="03E1561898240B1EFF19FA5B4FA018F9" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0275.1-53.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2012 (275)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Tropicus pusillus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FFD82E60983B0B3EFFD9FFF94D431A43" masterDocTitle="The variegated mud-loving beetles (Coleoptera: Heteroceridae) of Mississippi and Alabama, with discussion and keys to the species occurring in the southeastern United States" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1699045744038" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="DB4B359CBBC2AB9DD593A1D9E592298F">The variegated mud-loving beetles (Coleoptera: Heteroceridae) of Mississippi and Alabama, with discussion and keys to the species occurring in the southeastern United States</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4ADA8389FE29DCF1329B9A9A360BCB70">King, Jonas G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F53ED64FD1CE86DA13ECAB421134D8C2">Lago, Paul K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="82B33A9B9FD96FDF454EE6CF7A4D6196">2012</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C352B48598240B21FF19FA5B4F651FF9" box="[192,550,1442,1466]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF7E70E98240B21FF19FA5B4F651FF9" blockId="31.[192,550,1442,1498]" box="[192,550,1442,1466]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="D0BF506298240B21FF19FA5B4F651FF9" bold="true" box="[192,550,1442,1466]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98240B21FF19FA5B4F651FF9" bold="true" box="[192,550,1442,1466]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
18.
<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D98240B21FF35FA5B4F651FF9" authority="(Say)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[236,550,1442,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Tropicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98240B21FF35FA5B4C9A1FF9" bold="true" box="[236,473,1442,1466]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Tropicus pusillus</emphasis>
(Say)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C352B48598240B21FF19FA3B4CED1F99" box="[192,430,1474,1498]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF7E70E98240B21FF19FA3B4CED1F99" blockId="31.[192,550,1442,1498]" box="[192,430,1474,1498]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
(
<figureCitation id="1373FB8B98240B21FF10FA3B4C0E1F99" box="[201,333,1474,1498]" captionStart="Figures 26-29" captionStartId="20.[192,286,1473,1495]" captionTargetBox="[276,1366,191,1455]" captionTargetId="figure-670@20.[804,842,806,845]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figures 26-29. Habiti of small southeastern species. 26) Tropicus pusillus. This level of color variation can be seen in either sex. 27) Head of Tropicus pusillus. 28) Heterocerus selanderi. 29) Tropicus nigrellus, holotype male and allotype female. Scale line = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5188378/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Fig. 26, 27</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373FB8B98240B21FE83FA3B4C391F99" box="[346,378,1474,1498]" captionStart="Figures 45-53" captionStartId="39.[192,286,843,865]" captionTargetBox="[203,1417,196,805]" captionTargetId="figure-157@39.[770,867,432,529]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figures 45-53. Male genitalia of southeastern species. The ventral view is shown unless otherwise stated. 45-50) Heterocerus species in the undulatus group. 45) H. undatus. 46) H. collaris. 47) H. texanus; left - ventral view, right - lateral view. 48) H. schwarzi; left - ventral view, right - lateral view. 49) H. tenuis. 50) H. selanderi. 51-53) Augyles and Tropicus species. Figures 52-53 are at roughly 2x relative scale of prior genitalia. 51) Augyles auromicans. 52) Tropicus nigrellus; left - dorsal view, center - ventral view, right - lateral view. 53) Tropicus pusillus; left - dorsal view, right - ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188384" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5188384/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">53</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373FB8B98240B21FE5EFA3B4CE61F99" box="[391,421,1474,1498]" captionStart="Figure 66-72" captionStartId="41.[192,275,1784,1806]" captionTargetBox="[189,1438,191,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-840@41.[787,836,959,983]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 66-72. Distribution by county in the United States. 66) Heterocerus undatus. 67) Heterocerus texanus. 68) Heterocerus schwarzi. 69) Heterocerus tenuis. 70) Augyles auromicans. 71) Tropicus pusillus. 72) Tropicus nigrellus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5188396/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">71</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C352B48598240B21FF19F9FA4F931C79" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BF7E70E98240B21FF19F9FA4F331C59" blockId="31.[192,720,1538,1594]" box="[192,624,1538,1562]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB58C02098240B21FF19F9FA4F331C59" box="[192,624,1538,1562]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
<treatmentCitation id="0AE9C11F98240B21FF19F9FA4F2F1C59" author="Say, T." box="[192,620,1538,1562]" page="200" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" year="1823">
<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D98240B21FF19F9FA4F2F1C59" authority="Say 1823: 200" authorityName="Say" authorityPageNumber="200" authorityYear="1823" box="[192,620,1538,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Heterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98240B21FF19F9FA4CFA1C59" box="[192,441,1538,1562]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Heterocerus pusillus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD99AFF98240B21FE66F9FB4F2F1C59" author="Say, T." box="[447,620,1538,1562]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" pagination="139 - 216" refId="ref22216" refString="Say, T. 1823. Descriptions of coleopterous insects collected in the late expedition to the Rocky Mountains, performed by order of Mr. Calhoun, Secretary of War, under the command of Major Long. Journal of the Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia 3: 139 - 216." type="journal article" year="1823">Say 1823: 200</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF7E70E98240B21FF19F9DA4F931C79" blockId="31.[192,720,1538,1594]" box="[192,720,1570,1594]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB58C02098240B21FF19F9DA4F931C79" box="[192,720,1570,1594]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D98240B21FF19F9DA4C9D1C79" authority="(Say)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[192,478,1570,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Tropicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98240B21FF19F9DA4CD61C79" box="[192,405,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Tropicus pusillus</emphasis>
(Say)
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AE9C11F98240B21FE33F9DB4F8F1C79" author="Pacheco, F." box="[490,716,1570,1594]" page="137" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD99AFF98240B21FE33F9DB4F8F1C79" author="Pacheco, F." box="[490,716,1570,1594]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 155" refId="ref22030" refString="Pacheco, F. 1964. Sistematica, filogenia y distribucion de los Heteroceridos de America (Coleoptera; Heteroceridae). Monografias del Colegio de Post-graduados, No. 1, Escuela Nacional de Agricultura, Chapingo, Mexico, Vol. 1: 1 - 155." type="journal article" year="1964">Pacheco 1964: 137</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C352B48598240B21FF19F99B4E451CB9" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF7E70E98240B21FF19F99B4E451CB9" blockId="31.[192,1440,1634,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98240B21FF19F99B4C2A1C39" bold="true" box="[192,361,1634,1658]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Description.</emphasis>
Length 2.3 - 3.0 mm. Orange-brown. Elytra orange laterally, with a common brown macula medially (
<figureCitation id="1373FB8B98240B21FEE2F97B4CD51CD9" box="[315,406,1666,1690]" captionStart="Figures 26-29" captionStartId="20.[192,286,1473,1495]" captionTargetBox="[276,1366,191,1455]" captionTargetId="figure-670@20.[804,842,806,845]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figures 26-29. Habiti of small southeastern species. 26) Tropicus pusillus. This level of color variation can be seen in either sex. 27) Head of Tropicus pusillus. 28) Heterocerus selanderi. 29) Tropicus nigrellus, holotype male and allotype female. Scale line = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5188378/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
). Males with a process extending from the dorso-lateral edge of each mandible that wraps around the edge of the labrum (
<figureCitation id="1373FB8B98240B21FD4DF95B4FAE1CF9" box="[660,749,1698,1722]" captionStart="Figures 26-29" captionStartId="20.[192,286,1473,1495]" captionTargetBox="[276,1366,191,1455]" captionTargetId="figure-670@20.[804,842,806,845]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figures 26-29. Habiti of small southeastern species. 26) Tropicus pusillus. This level of color variation can be seen in either sex. 27) Head of Tropicus pusillus. 28) Heterocerus selanderi. 29) Tropicus nigrellus, holotype male and allotype female. Scale line = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5188378/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
), often nearly meeting the process from other side. Postmetathoracic coxal and post-mesothoracic coxal lines absent. Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="1373FB8B98240B21FB54F93B49A51C99" box="[1165,1254,1730,1754]" captionStart="Figures 45-53" captionStartId="39.[192,286,843,865]" captionTargetBox="[203,1417,196,805]" captionTargetId="figure-157@39.[770,867,432,529]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figures 45-53. Male genitalia of southeastern species. The ventral view is shown unless otherwise stated. 45-50) Heterocerus species in the undulatus group. 45) H. undatus. 46) H. collaris. 47) H. texanus; left - ventral view, right - lateral view. 48) H. schwarzi; left - ventral view, right - lateral view. 49) H. tenuis. 50) H. selanderi. 51-53) Augyles and Tropicus species. Figures 52-53 are at roughly 2x relative scale of prior genitalia. 51) Augyles auromicans. 52) Tropicus nigrellus; left - dorsal view, center - ventral view, right - lateral view. 53) Tropicus pusillus; left - dorsal view, right - ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188384" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5188384/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
) of the typical
<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D98240B21FF19F91A4C6E1CB9" box="[192,301,1763,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Tropicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98240B21FF19F91A4C6E1CB9" box="[192,301,1763,1786]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Tropicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54F359AC98240B21FEEAF91A4C281CB8" box="[307,363,1763,1787]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
, dorsal edge projecting anteriorly.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C352B48598240B1EFF19F8DB4C421BB9" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF7E70E98240B1EFF19F8DB4C7C1AB9" blockId="31.[192,1440,1826,1882]" lastBlockId="32.[192,1440,194,314]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98240B21FF19F8DB4C0C1D79" bold="true" box="[192,335,1826,1850]" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D98240B21FE8DF8DA4F6B1D79" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[340,552,1826,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Tropicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98240B21FE8DF8DA4F6B1D79" box="[340,552,1826,1850]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Tropicus pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily distinguished from all species of southeastern heterocerid by color pattern alone. The elytra are not trifasciate, as they are in southeastern
<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D98240B21FB4AF8BA48601D19" authorityName="Fall" authorityYear="1920" box="[1171,1315,1859,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Heterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C98240B21FB4AF8BA48601D19" box="[1171,1315,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="30">Heterocerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but have brown sutural margins. Together, these darker margins produce a rather even-edged median macula on the elytra.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF7E70E981B0B1EFF29FEFB4FE01B79" blockId="32.[192,1440,194,314]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">
This coloration also easily distinguishes
<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D981B0B1EFD3AFEFA4E201B59" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[739,867,258,282]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Tropicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C981B0B1EFD3AFEFA4E201B59" box="[739,867,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">T. pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from its only southeastern congener,
<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D981B0B1EFAEDFEFA4C6D1B79" authority="King &amp; Lago, 2012" authorityName="King &amp; Lago" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Tropicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrellus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C981B0B1EFAEDFEFA4C6D1B79" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Tropicus nigrellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20F8667981B0B1EFEECFEDA4C3B1B79" box="[309,376,291,314]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, which is entirely black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF7E70E981B0B1EFF19FE9B4C421BB9" blockId="32.[192,1441,354,506]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C981B0B1EFF19FE9B4C541B39" bold="true" box="[192,279,354,378]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Notes.</emphasis>
Often the most numerous beetle at a UV light placed near a body of water in the southeastern
<collectingCountry id="F35FA79E981B0B1EFF19FE7B4DB01BD9" box="[192,243,386,410]" name="United States of America" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">U.S.</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D981B0B1EFED9FE7A4CC21BD9" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[256,385,386,410]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Tropicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C981B0B1EFED9FE7A4CC21BD9" box="[256,385,386,410]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">T. pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only species of heterocerid consistently collected from intermittent creek beds, drainage ditches, and sandy ponds. During this project, specimens were collected from the margin of a brackish marshy habitat on the campus of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory in Ocean Springs,
<collectingRegion id="498C29EC981B0B1EFA92FE3B4DBE1BB9" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C352B485981B0B1EFF19FDDB4FA018F9" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF7E70E981B0B1EFF19FDDB49CB1839" blockId="32.[192,1440,546,634]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C981B0B1EFF19FDDB4C2E1879" bold="true" box="[192,365,546,570]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C489C8D981B0B1EFEA5FDDA4F121879" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[380,593,546,570]" class="Insecta" family="Heteroceridae" genus="Tropicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C981B0B1EFEA5FDDA4F121879" box="[380,593,546,570]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Tropicus pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs from near the Canadian border south to
<collectingCountry id="F35FA79E981B0B1EFB45FDDA48431879" box="[1180,1280,547,570]" name="Panama" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Panama</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F35FA79E981B0B1EFAE5FDDB48C21879" box="[1340,1409,546,570]" name="Cuba" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Cuba</collectingCountry>
. It was collected in all 63 Mississippi counties where UV lights were run as part of this project, as well as from most Alabama collection localities sampled by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD99AFF981B0B1EFCEEFD9B495B1839" author="Harris, S. C. &amp; P. E. O'Neil &amp; P. K. Lago" box="[823,1048,610,634]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 442" refId="ref20776" refString="Harris, S. C., P. E. O'Neil, and P. K. Lago. 1991. Caddisflies of Alabama. Geological Survey of Alabama, Bulletin 142: 1 - 442." type="journal article" year="1991">Harris et al. (1991</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373FB8B981B0B1EFBFAFD9B49381839" box="[1059,1147,610,634]" captionStart="Figures 32-44" captionStartId="38.[192,286,1682,1704]" captionTargetBox="[192,1357,192,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-419@38.[688,779,856,946]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figures 32-44. Male genitalia of southeastern Heterocerus species. The ventral view is shown unless otherwise stated. 32-39) Species that lack post-mesocoxal lines. 32) H. fatuus. 33) H. glicki. 34) H. intermuralis. 35) H. angustatus; left - ventral view, right - dorsal view. 36) H. longilobulus. 37) H. pallidus; left - ventral view, right - dorsal view. 38) H. gnatho; left - ventral view, right - dorsal view. 39) H. sandersoni; left - ventral view, center - dorsal view, left - lateral view. 40-44) Species with post-mesocoxal lines. 40) H. sinuosus; left - dorsal view, right - ventral aspect. 41) H. mollinus. 42) H. insolens; left - dorsal view, right - ventral aspect. 43) H. parrotus. 44) H. brunneus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5188382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5188382/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF7E70E981B0B1EFF19FD5B4FA018F9" blockId="32.[192,739,674,698]" box="[192,739,674,698]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B93C3B1C981B0B1EFF19FD5B4CA018F9" bold="true" box="[192,483,674,698]" pageId="32" pageNumber="31">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
1802 (See Appendix).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>