125 lines
16 KiB
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125 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="032E3BA8981B9B5AF3BE88C145A41DFB" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3666.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="35615276-4024-448b-baf6-a96a0697b933" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="220054" ID-ZooBank="4951C68A-93C4-4777-B7D4-D7D657AE1DBC" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460623009869" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mullins, Patricia L., Riley, Edward G. & Oswald, John D." docDate="2013" docId="03BDFF506D1D507BB7A4F945FE7CFC52" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03666p251.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3666 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Necrophila americana Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="226" masterDocId="FF8487286D19507EB733FFE5FFEEFFF6" masterDocTitle="Identification, distribution, and adult phenology of the carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) of Texas" masterLastPageNumber="251" masterPageNumber="221" pageNumber="225" updateTime="1698334092548" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="EB18DFB7D59EE3B45ECA3B901E7881F3">Identification, distribution, and adult phenology of the carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) of Texas</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="66E7AB6D4CC40397F4DE1164E1BC8BD5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8DC04B9AE7785E5DE7786F7B014A031A">Mullins, Patricia L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5C7EE093BE8379918F51ECADC4DE9E0A">Riley, Edward G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="34298B64B450E69851F4D3A88D9477BC">Oswald, John D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7CB44CAE3CE2E9970F064AF0D8914173">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E95F37B0F5093064317F91E6C28C5FA3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5A5B90D8EEEACD020B86B532E14578A8">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="149B130C3A21F1F06A50040488EACA27">3666</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="CBDA750108FDBEE2338A9D298889B5CD" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3666.2.7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BDFF506D1D507BB7A4F945FE7CFC52" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6149449" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125814691" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6149449" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDFF506D1D507BB7A4F945FE7CFC52" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BDFF506D1D507BB7A4F945FE7CFC52" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
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<subSubSection id="C30E1DCD6D1D507AB7A4F945FC30F8D7" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1D507AB7A4F945FD93F94C" blockId="4.[151,637,1696,1755]" box="[151,637,1696,1722]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
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<heading id="D0E3F92A6D1D507AB7A4F945FD93F94C" bold="true" box="[151,637,1696,1722]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1435C56D1D507AB7A4F945FD93F94C" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,637,1696,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Silphidae" genus="Necrophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1D507AB7A4F945FD93F94C" bold="true" box="[151,637,1696,1722]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1D507AB7A4F945FE48F94C" bold="true" box="[151,422,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Necrophila americana</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus, 1758)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1D507AB7A4F926FE8FF92D" blockId="4.[151,637,1696,1755]" box="[151,353,1731,1755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
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<figureCitation id="132F52C36D1D507AB7A4F926FF0AF92D" box="[151,228,1731,1755]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[157,1417,783,1505]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,772,1516]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Details of Texas Silphidae. 1. Nicrophorus pustulatus, presence of epistomal suture; 2. Nicrophorinae, antenna; 3. Necrophila americana, absence of epistomal suture; 4. Silphinae, antenna; 5. Necrodes surinamensis, pronotum; 6. Oiceoptoma inaequale, pronotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220055/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132F52C36D1D507AB7C2F926FEE1F92D" box="[241,271,1731,1755]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1602,1625]" captionTargetBox="[189,1406,526,1571]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[171,1416,515,1581]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 23. Habitus of Texas Silphidae. 18, Necrophila americana; 19, Necrodes surinamensis; 20, Oiceoptoma inaequale; 21, O. noveboracense; 22, O. rugulosum; 23, Thanatophilus truncatus. All scale bars = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220058/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">18</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132F52C36D1D507AB628F926FED7F92D" box="[283,313,1731,1755]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 36" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,818,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,807,1939]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 36. Adult seasonality profiles based on occurrence records for Texas Silphidae, Silphinae. 31, Necrophila americana; 32, Necrodes surinamensis; 33, Oiceoptoma inaequale; 34, O. noveboracense; 35, O. rugulosum; 36, Thanatophilus truncatus. For an explanation of occurrence record calculations, see Methods." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220060/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">31</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132F52C36D1D507AB676F926FE8FF92D" box="[325,353,1731,1755]" captionStart="FIGURES 44 – 49" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[179,1402,212,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[160,1420,193,1958]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 44 – 49. Distribution maps for Texas Silphidae, Silphinae. 44, Necrophila americana; 45, Necrodes surinamensis; 46, Oiceoptoma inaequale; 47, O. noveboracense; 48, O. rugulosum; 49, Thanatophilus truncatus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220063/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">44</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1D507AB7A4F8EEFC30F8D7" blockId="4.[151,990,1802,1825]" box="[151,990,1802,1825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1435C56D1D507AB7A4F8EEFDF7F8D6" authority="Linnaeus 1758: 360" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="360" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,537,1802,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1D507AB7A4F8EEFEA4F8D7" box="[151,330,1803,1825]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Silpha americana</emphasis>
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Linnaeus 1758: 360
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</taxonomicName>
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(see Peck and Miller (1993) for synonymy).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30E1DCD6D1D507BB7A4F8A8FF31FF22" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1D507AB7A4F8A8FBE4F803" blockId="4.[151,1436,1869,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1D507AB7A4F8A8FEFFF890" bold="true" box="[151,273,1869,1894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Body length
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<quantity id="4CECE3A36D1D507AB684F8A8FDD6F893" box="[439,568,1869,1893]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 mm</quantity>
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, broadly oval, brown to black, pronotum yellow with large median black macula, elytra black with faint “gun metal” luster. Head with small eyes, short row of long erect hairs present behind each eye. Pronotum widest at base, disc without pubescence. Elytra with apices conjointly rounded to projecting medially; disc weakly tricostate, intervals uniformly rugose; epipleuron broad and horizontal, with distinct aeneous luster and short golden hairs.
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<collectingCountry id="F3030ED66D1D507AB5AEF838FD3BF803" box="[669,725,2013,2037]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Hind</collectingCountry>
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femur of male unmodified.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1C507BB7FAFF7DFF31FF22" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1C507BB7FAFF7DFEF2FF59" bold="true" box="[201,284,152,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Range.</emphasis>
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Nova
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<collectingCountry id="F3030ED66D1C507BB65BFF72FE40FF59" box="[360,430,151,175]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Scotia</collectingCountry>
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south to Florida, west to Manitoba and Texas (Anderson & Peck 1985, Peck & Kaulbars 1987).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30E1DCD6D1C507BB7FAFF05FE7CFC52" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1C507BB7FAFF05FE6CFE39" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1C507BB7FAFF05FE42FF0E" bold="true" box="[201,428,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Texas distribution.</emphasis>
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See
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<figureCitation id="132F52C36D1C507BB6D9FF3AFDAEFF01" box="[490,576,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURES 44 – 49" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[179,1402,212,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[160,1420,193,1958]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 44 – 49. Distribution maps for Texas Silphidae, Silphinae. 44, Necrophila americana; 45, Necrodes surinamensis; 46, Oiceoptoma inaequale; 47, O. noveboracense; 48, O. rugulosum; 49, Thanatophilus truncatus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220063/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
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. This species is almost entirely confined to the Texan and Austroriparian biotic provinces of eastern Texas, with a single record from the Kansan province (Motley County in the Texas Panhandle). It occurs in the following Texas vegetational areas: pineywoods, gulf prairies and marshes, post oak savannah, blackland prairies, cross timbers and prairies, and rolling plains. Confirmed counties (21): Anderson, Brazos, Cass, Cherokee, Denton, Fort Bend, Houston, Jasper, Lamar, Leon, Montgomery, Motley, Nacogdoches, Panola, Polk, Sabine, San Jacinto, Tyler, Walker, Wharton, Wood. Collections: EGRC, JAC, PLM, SFAC, SHSU, TAMU, TTU, UTIC.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1C507BB7FAFE3EFC36FDCA" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1C507BB7FAFE3EFE2CFE02" bold="true" box="[201,450,475,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Seasonality in Texas.</emphasis>
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See
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<figureCitation id="132F52C36D1C507BB6CAFE39FDA2FE02" box="[505,588,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 36" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,818,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,807,1939]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 36. Adult seasonality profiles based on occurrence records for Texas Silphidae, Silphinae. 31, Necrophila americana; 32, Necrodes surinamensis; 33, Oiceoptoma inaequale; 34, O. noveboracense; 35, O. rugulosum; 36, Thanatophilus truncatus. For an explanation of occurrence record calculations, see Methods." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220060/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
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. Adults of this species have been collected in Texas in almost every month of the year. The adult seasonality profile of this species (based on 99 occurrence records: Appendix I) is weakly bimodal, with a large peak in the spring and a much lower peak in the fall.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1C507BB7FAFDA2FACAFD72" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1C507BB7FAFDA2FE7EFD96" bold="true" box="[201,400,583,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Biological Notes.</emphasis>
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Anderson and Peck (1985) report that adults are mainly diurnal and found largely in mesic, open and forested areas. This species is typically found in woodland areas in Kansas (Lingafelter 1995).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1C507BB7FAFD75FE7CFC52" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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Data from examined labels. Collecting methods: UV light trap, pit-fall trap, hanging carrion trap, carrion trap, bait trap, Malaise trap, flight intercept trap, ground level flight intercept trap. Habitat records:
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<taxonomicName id="4C1435C56D1C507BB3C3FD50FA89FD3A" box="[1264,1383,693,716]" class="Equisetopsida" family="Equisetaceae" genus="Equisetum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Equisetales" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1C507BB3C3FD50FA89FD3A" box="[1264,1383,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Equisetum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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bog [Malaise], pine [Malaise], pine forest [Malaise], grassland [Malaise], pine/hardwood forest [flight intercept trap], beech–magnolia [flight intercept trap], on flowers,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1435C56D1C507BB5D5FD18FC7FFCE2" box="[742,913,764,788]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lyrata">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1C507BB5D5FD18FC7FFCE2" box="[742,913,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Quercus lyrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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swamp eating tree sap. Carrion records: gar, armadillo, opossum, deer, tiger [dead zoo specimen], shad, snake, turtle, cat and chicken. This species is found in the humid eastern pine and hardwood forest areas of Texas, which agrees with Anderson and Peck (1985). Cole (1942), Schubeck (1969, 1983), Anderson (1982), and Watson and Carlton (2005) provide details on the natural history of this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |