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<document id="A0B888DC6EAFC2044C2116D03A72935C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5350200" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5350200" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630204752248" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Murphy, John C." docDate="2012" docId="03BD87CBFFF8D344FBA4ED59FE8BEACF" docLanguage="en" docName="60rbz515-523.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C6443723295B2E4C6F22B9B23F08089C.5:RafflesBZool.2006-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="C6443723295B2E4C6F22B9B23F08089C" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2006-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Calamophis Meyer" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="517" masterDocId="FF84FFB3FFF9D346FFA5EE65FFF8EF37" masterDocTitle="Synonymised And Forgotten, The BirdS Head Stout-Tailed Snakes, Calamophis Meyer (Squamata: Serpentes: Homalopsidae)" masterLastPageNumber="523" masterPageNumber="515" pageNumber="516" updateTime="1699184450323" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="E7668F8E2531564DEFEB10144947A734">Synonymised And Forgotten, The BirdS Head Stout-Tailed Snakes, Calamophis Meyer (Squamata: Serpentes: Homalopsidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BAB36DDFFF8D347FBA4ED59FB2FEC62" blockId="1.[1025,1239,828,853]" box="[1025,1239,828,853]" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">
<heading id="D0E381B1FFF8D347FBA4ED59FB2FEC62" bold="true" box="[1025,1239,828,853]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C144D5EFFF8D347FBA4ED59FB2FEC62" authority="Meyer" authorityName="Meyer" box="[1025,1239,828,853]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Calamophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FBA4ED59FB2FEC62" bold="true" box="[1025,1239,828,853]" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FBA4ED59FB7DEC62" bold="true" box="[1025,1157,828,853]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Calamophis</emphasis>
Meyer
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30E6556FFF8D347FC89ED18FB68ECFC" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BAB36DDFFF8D347FC89ED18FBACECA5" blockId="1.[812,1216,892,971]" box="[812,1108,892,914]" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB510CCFFF8D347FC89ED18FBACECA5" author="Meyer, A" box="[812,1108,892,914]" page="135" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" year="1874">
<taxonomicName id="4C144D5EFFF8D347FC89ED18FBACECA5" authority="Meyer, 1874: 135" authorityName="Meyer" authorityPageNumber="135" authorityYear="1874" box="[812,1108,892,914]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Calamophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FC89ED18FC58ECA6" box="[812,928,893,913]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Calamophis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B2CFFF8D347FC02ED19FBACECA5" author="Meyer, A" box="[935,1108,892,914]" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" pagination="128 - 140" refId="ref6808" refString="Meyer, A. B., 1874. Ubersicht der von mir auf Neu-Guinea und den Inseln Jobi, Mysore und Mafoor im Jahre 1873 gesammelten Amphibien. Monatsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1874: 128 - 140." type="journal article" year="1874">Meyer, 1874: 135</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB36DDFFF8D347FC89EDFFFB38EC99" blockId="1.[812,1216,892,971]" box="[812,1216,921,943]" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">
<taxonomicName id="4C144D5EFFF8D347FC89EDFFFB38EC99" authority=": Peters &amp; Doria, 1878: 371" authorityName="Peters &amp; Doria" authorityPageNumber="371" authorityYear="1878" box="[812,1216,921,943]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Brachyorrhos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FC89EDFFFC49EC99" box="[812,945,922,942]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Brachyorrhos</emphasis>
: Peters &amp; Doria, 1878: 371
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB36DDFFF8D347FC89EDD2FB68ECFC" blockId="1.[812,1216,892,971]" box="[812,1168,949,971]" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0411F3FFF8D347FC89EDD2FB68ECFC" box="[812,1168,949,971]" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510CCFFF8D347FC89EDD2FB68ECFC" author="Boulenger, G" box="[812,1168,949,971]" page="305" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" year="1893">
<taxonomicName id="4C144D5EFFF8D347FC89EDD2FB68ECFC" authority=": Boulenger, 1893: 305" authorityName=": Boulenger" authorityPageNumber="305" authorityYear="1893" box="[812,1168,949,971]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Brachyorrhos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FC89EDD2FC49ECFC" box="[812,945,951,971]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Brachyorrhos</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B2CFFF8D347FC1BEDD0FB68ECFC" author="Boulenger, G" box="[958,1168,949,971]" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" refId="ref6167" refString="Boulenger, G. A., 1893. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum. Volume 2. Trustees of the British Museum, London. 448 pp." type="book" year="1893">Boulenger, 1893: 305</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB36DDFFF8D347FC89ED8AFC6BEB16" blockId="1.[812,1450,1007,1057]" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FC89ED8AFC3BEB33" bold="true" box="[812,963,1007,1028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FC89ED8AFC43EB33" bold="true" box="[812,955,1007,1028]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">
<typeStatus id="54AF887FFFF8D347FC89ED8AFC98EB33" box="[812,864,1007,1028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Type</typeStatus>
species
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.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C144D5EFFF8D347FC56ED95FA79EB33" authority="Meyer, 1874" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1874" box="[1011,1409,1007,1028]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Calamophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jobiensis">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FC56ED95FB1CEB33" box="[1011,1252,1008,1028]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Calamophis jobiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B2CFFF8D347FB54ED8AFA79EB33" author="Meyer, A" box="[1265,1409,1007,1028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" pagination="128 - 140" refId="ref6808" refString="Meyer, A. B., 1874. Ubersicht der von mir auf Neu-Guinea und den Inseln Jobi, Mysore und Mafoor im Jahre 1873 gesammelten Amphibien. Monatsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1874: 128 - 140." type="journal article" year="1874">Meyer, 1874</bibRefCitation>
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, by monotypy.
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<paragraph id="8BAB36DDFFF8D347FC89EA2FFC72E976" blockId="1.[812,1452,1098,1602]" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FC89EA2FFC65EB55" bold="true" box="[812,925,1098,1122]" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FC89EA2FFC6EEB55" bold="true" box="[812,918,1098,1122]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C144D5EFFF8D347FC65EA2EFBC6EB55" box="[960,1086,1099,1122]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Calamophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FC65EA2EFBC6EB55" box="[960,1086,1099,1122]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Calamophis</emphasis>
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is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C144D5EFFF8D347FAB9EA2EFA54EB55" authorityName=": Boulenger" authorityYear="1893" box="[1308,1452,1099,1122]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Brachyorrhos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FAB9EA2EFA54EB55" box="[1308,1452,1099,1122]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Brachyorrhos</emphasis>
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by the following morphological traits: rostral broader than tall (as tall as broad in
<taxonomicName id="4C144D5EFFF8D347FBBBEAEEFB4AEB95" authorityName=": Boulenger" authorityYear="1893" box="[1054,1202,1163,1186]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Brachyorrhos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FBBBEAEEFB4AEB95" box="[1054,1202,1163,1186]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Brachyorrhos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), nasal scale undivided (divided and bilobed in
<taxonomicName id="4C144D5EFFF8D347FBE4EACEFB21EBF5" authorityName=": Boulenger" authorityYear="1893" box="[1089,1241,1195,1218]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Brachyorrhos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FBE4EACEFB21EBF5" box="[1089,1241,1195,1218]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Brachyorrhos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); internasal single (divided in
<taxonomicName id="4C144D5EFFF8D347FC19EAAEFBA5EBD5" authorityName=": Boulenger" authorityYear="1893" box="[956,1117,1227,1250]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Brachyorrhos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FC19EAAEFBA5EBD5" box="[956,1117,1227,1250]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Brachyorrhos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); postocular single (two in
<taxonomicName id="4C144D5EFFF8D347FC89EA8EFC3FEA35" authorityName=": Boulenger" authorityYear="1893" box="[812,967,1259,1282]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Brachyorrhos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FC89EA8EFC3FEA35" box="[812,967,1259,1282]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Brachyorrhos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); dorsal scales imbricate in 19 rows that are reduced to 17 anterior to the vent (not reduced in
<taxonomicName id="4C144D5EFFF8D347FC89EB4EFC3AEA75" authorityName=": Boulenger" authorityYear="1893" box="[812,962,1323,1346]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Brachyorrhos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FC89EB4EFC3AEA75" box="[812,962,1323,1346]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Brachyorrhos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); base of tail slightly constricted in two of these species; tail is thick and tapers slowly to an almost blunt tip (stout); males have tubercles on scales in the first 4 rows just anterior and posterior to the vent. Dorsal scales in the vertebral row dorsal to the vent tend to be enlarged from the fusion of dorsal scales, these may number three to seven scales.
<taxonomicName id="4C144D5EFFF8D347FC61EB8EFBA1E935" authorityName=": Boulenger" authorityYear="1893" box="[964,1113,1515,1538]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Brachyorrhos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FC61EB8EFBA1E935" box="[964,1113,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Brachyorrhos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may have fused scales on the dorsal surface of the tail, but are absent immediately over the vent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E6556FFF8D347FC89E80CFAEBE776" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAB36DDFFF8D347FC89E80CFAEBE776" blockId="1.[812,1452,1641,2114]" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FC89E80CFC46E9B5" bold="true" box="[812,958,1641,1666]" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FC89E80CFC4FE9B5" bold="true" box="[812,951,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Distribution</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C144D5EFFF8D347FC4BE80EFB8CE9B5" box="[1006,1140,1643,1666]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Calamophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FC4BE80EFB8CE9B5" box="[1006,1140,1643,1666]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Calamophis</emphasis>
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appears to be restricted to Yapen Island and the Birds Head Region of West Papua. It is known from: Andai (a coastal wetland about
<quantity id="4CEC9B38FFF8D347FA89E8CFFA9BE9F6" box="[1324,1379,1706,1730]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</quantity>
ASL); the Arfak (Mt. Arfak) Mountains, elevation unknown, but the range has peaks that exceed
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; and the Tamrau Mountains (Kebar Valley at about
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ASL and Ambuaki ~
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ASL). Both the Arfak and Tamrau Mountains are part of the Vogelkop
<collectingRegion id="49D0F83FFFF8D347FC43E92FFBAEE855" box="[998,1110,1866,1890]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Western Highlands" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Highlands</collectingRegion>
, an area of rugged topography and a biodiversity hot spot. Yapen Island is about
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from Andai, and none of the Birds Head localities are more than
<quantity id="4CEC9B38FFF8D347FCC4E9CFFC4AE8F5" box="[865,946,1962,1986]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
apart (
<figureCitation id="132F2A58FFF8D347FC5BE9CFFBB9E8F5" box="[1022,1089,1962,1986]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[836,871,2004,2026]" captionTargetBox="[835,1472,1599,1982]" captionTargetId="figure-518@6.[835,1473,1599,1982]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. A satellite image of West Papua, showing the geographic areas and the localities discussed in the article.Satellite image from OC® Product courtesy of TTI Production, 136 Rue Guy Arnaud, 30900 Nîmes, France." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5350208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5350208/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). The
<collectingCountry id="F303764DFFF8D347FB20E9CFFAACE8F5" box="[1157,1364,1962,1986]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
locality for
<taxonomicName id="4C144D5EFFF8D347FCF1E9AEFC2CE8D5" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1874" box="[852,980,1995,2018]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Calamophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jobiensis">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FCF1E9AEFC2CE8D5" box="[852,980,1995,2018]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">B. jobiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Iskandar and Colijn (2001) is based on
<taxonomicName id="4C144D5EFFF8D347FC89E98EFC0CE735" authorityName="Macleay" authorityYear="1877" box="[812,1012,2027,2050]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Mainophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FC89E98EFC0CE735" box="[812,1012,2027,2050]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Mainophis robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is a synonym of the elapid
<taxonomicName id="4C144D5EFFF8D347FAC7E98EFB9FE715" authority="(Shea &amp; Sadlier, 1999)" baseAuthorityName="Shea &amp; Sadlier" baseAuthorityYear="1999" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Furina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tristis">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FAC7E98EFC91E715" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Furina tristis</emphasis>
(Shea &amp; Sadlier, 1999)
</taxonomicName>
and should not be included in synonymies of
<taxonomicName id="4C144D5EFFF8D347FC74E64EFBAAE775" box="[977,1106,2091,2114]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Calamophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FC74E64EFBAAE775" box="[977,1106,2091,2114]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Calamophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C144D5EFFF8D347FBDDE64EFAF4E775" authorityName=": Boulenger" authorityYear="1893" box="[1144,1292,2091,2114]" class="Reptilia" family="Homalopsidae" genus="Brachyorrhos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFF8D347FBDDE64EFAF4E775" box="[1144,1292,2091,2114]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="516">Brachyorrhos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E6556FFFBD344FF2DEB7AFE8BEACF" pageId="2" pageNumber="517" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BAB36DDFFFBD344FF2DEB7AFEC3EA8F" blockId="2.[136,775,1311,1465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="517">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFFBD344FF2DEB7AFEFCEA0F" bold="true" box="[136,260,1311,1336]" pageId="2" pageNumber="517">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFFBD344FF2DEB7AFF05EA0F" bold="true" box="[136,253,1311,1336]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="517">Etymology</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
— It is unclear if Meyer named this snake using the Latin root
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFFBD344FE83EB24FE76EA6F" box="[294,398,1345,1368]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="517">calamitas</emphasis>
(calamity, misfortune, disaster) or
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFFBD344FF2DEB04FF19EA4F" box="[136,225,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="517">calamus</emphasis>
(anything made of a reed, such as a pen or arrow). The latter seems more probable given the striped pattern of the
<typeStatus id="54AF887FFFFBD344FF15EBC4FF26EA8E" box="[176,222,1441,1465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="517">type</typeStatus>
species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB36DDFFFBD344FF2DEB85FE8BEACF" blockId="2.[136,371,1504,1528]" box="[136,371,1504,1528]" pageId="2" pageNumber="517">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFFBD344FF2DEB85FF1EEACF" bold="true" box="[136,230,1504,1528]" pageId="2" pageNumber="517">
<emphasis id="B960EACFFFFBD344FF2DEB85FF27EACF" bold="true" box="[136,223,1504,1528]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="517">Content</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
— 4 species
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>