204 lines
18 KiB
XML
204 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3739808" approvalRequired="13" approvalRequired_for_treatments="13" checkinTime="1585778501182" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03BD87A2C675A207F87BF8D5F50853B9" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Hipposideridae_210.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Doryrhina cyclops" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="230" masterDocId="FF84FFDAC676A204FFF8FF9AFFEF4346" masterDocTitle="Hipposideridae" masterLastPageNumber="258" masterPageNumber="227" pageNumber="230" updateTime="1658319070246" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Hipposideridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>227</mods:start>
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<mods:end>258</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3739808</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810943" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163433712" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810943" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD87A2C675A207F87BF8D5F50853B9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD87A2C675A207F87BF8D5F50853B9" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">
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<heading pageId="3" pageNumber="230">
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<subSubSection box="[1923,1967,1871,1932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1920,3156,1871,2033]" box="[1923,1967,1871,1932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">
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<figureCitation box="[1923,1967,1871,1932]" captionStart="Plate 16: Hipposideridae" captionStartId="2.[175,218,4379,4408]" captionTargetBox="[0,3699,0,4866]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Arabian Trident Leaf-nosed Bat (Asellia arabica), 2. Somalian Trident Leaf-nosed Bat (Asellia italosomalica), 3. Patrizi’s Trident Leaf-nosed Bat (Asellia patrizii), 4. Geoffroy’s Trident Leaf-nosed Bat (Asellia tridens), 5. Greater Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina camerunensis), 6. Telefomin Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina corynophyllus), 7. Cyclops Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina cyclops), 8. Hill’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina edwardshilli), 9. Fly River Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina muscinus), 10. Semon’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina semoni), 11. Northern Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina stenotis), 12. Wollaston’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina wollastoni), 13. Commerson’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Macronycteris commersonii), 14. Madagascar Cryptic Leaf-nosed Bat (Macronycteris cryptovalorona), 15. Giant Leaf-nosed Bat Macronycteris gigas rench: (Phyllorhine géante), 16. Sao Tome Leaf-nosed Bat Macronycteris thomensis rench: Phyllorhine de (Sao Tomé), 17. Striped Leaf-nosed Bat (Macronycteris vittatus), 18. Dong Bac Trident Bat (Aselliscus dongbacanus), 19. Stoliczka’s Trident Bat (Aselliscus stoliczkanus), 20. Temminck’s Trident Bat (Aselliscus tricuspidatus), 21. East Asian Tailless Leaf-nosed (Bat Coelopsfrithii), 22. Malayan Tailless Leaf-nosed Bat (Coelops robinsoni), 23. Solomons Leaf-nosed Bat (Anthops omatus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3739810/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">7.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1991,2642,1871,1932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1920,3156,1871,2033]" box="[1991,2642,1871,1932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">
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<vernacularName box="[1991,2642,1871,1932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Cyclops Leaf-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2703,3151,1871,1932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1920,3156,1871,2033]" box="[2703,3151,1871,1932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[2703,3151,1871,1932]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">
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<emphasis box="[2703,3151,1871,1932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Doryrhina cyclops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="230" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1920,3156,1871,2033]" box="[1921,3155,1950,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1921,2025,1952,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2035,2314,1950,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Phyllorhine cyclope I</vernacularName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2320,2444,1952,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2453,2797,1950,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Zyklopen-Rundblattnase I</vernacularName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2803,2928,1952,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2939,3155,1950,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Doryrina ciclope</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1920,3156,1871,2033]" box="[1921,2569,2003,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1921,2254,2005,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2264,2569,2003,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Cyclops Roundleaf Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="230" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[2740,3537,2101,2669]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2741,2954,2101,2140]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Temminck, 1853" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">PhyUorrhina cyclops Temminck, 1853</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2855,3249,2154,2193]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[2740,3537,2101,2669]" box="[2855,3249,2154,2193]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3753598361" box="[2855,3249,2154,2193]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">
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Boutry River,
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<collectingCountry box="[3113,3243,2154,2193]" name="Ghana" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Ghana</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2741,3229,2207,2246]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[2740,3537,2101,2669]" box="[2741,3229,2207,2246]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="230" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3749053" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3749053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3749053/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" startId="3.[2742,2973,2260,2299]" targetBox="[1918,2711,2107,2663]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[2740,3537,2101,2669]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2742,2980,2260,2299]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Widespread in tropical Africa from
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<collectingCountry box="[2901,3050,2313,2352]" name="Senegal" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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E to extreme S
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<collectingCountry name="South Sudan" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
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, NE
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<collectingCountry box="[2916,3123,2366,2405]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
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, W
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<collectingCountry box="[3199,3353,2366,2405]" name="Uganda" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[3376,3529,2366,2405]" name="Rwanda" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[2827,2989,2419,2458]" name="Burundi" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Burundi</collectingCountry>
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, with isolated populations in W & SE
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<collectingCountry box="[2908,3026,2472,2511]" name="Kenya" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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and NE
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<collectingCountry box="[3201,3377,2472,2511]" name="Tanzania" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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; also on Bioko I.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="230" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[2740,3537,2101,2669]" lastBlockId="3.[1919,3541,2681,4351]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2741,3078,2574,2613]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body
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<quantity box="[3326,3528,2574,2613]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" unit="mm" value="82.5" valueMax="95.0" valueMin="70.0">70—95 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity box="[2822,3029,2630,2669]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" unit="mm" value="27.0" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="18.0">18—36 mm</quantity>
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, ear
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<quantity box="[3136,3344,2630,2669]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" unit="mm" value="33.0" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="28.0">28—38 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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<quantity box="[1923,2122,2681,2720]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="18.0">18—22 mm</quantity>
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, forearm
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<quantity box="[2306,2508,2681,2720]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" unit="mm" value="67.0" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="59.0">59—75 mm</quantity>
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; weight
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<quantity box="[2663,2812,2681,2720]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" unit="g" value="33.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="21.0">21—45 g</quantity>
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. The
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" box="[2921,3064,2681,2720]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">Cyclops</taxonomicName>
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Leaf-nosed Bat has a distinctive noseleafwith two median club-shaped processes. Pelage is dense, long and soft, blackish brown with pale frosting dorsally, somewhat paler with inconspicuous frosting ventrally. Ears are long, narrow and pointed at tip. A frontal sac is present in both sexes. An anal sac is present between penis and anus in males. Females do not have this sac but fur around vagina has been replaced by long stiff hairs. This species is difficult to distinguish from the Greater Leaf-nosed Bat (D. caTzzmznmris) but is slighdy smaller.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="230" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1919,3541,2681,4351]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1921,2072,3052,3091]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Habitat.</emphasis>
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The
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" box="[2190,2334,3052,3091]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">Cyclops</taxonomicName>
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Leaf-nosed Bat inhabits lowland rainforest up to
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<quantity box="[3328,3475,3052,3091]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
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or more, but also occurs in the transition zone between rainforest and savanna mosaic, and even extends into
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<collectingCountry box="[2350,2489,3157,3196]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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woodland, where relict and gallery forests are present.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="230" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1919,3541,2681,4351]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1921,2272,3210,3249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" box="[2371,2515,3210,3249]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">Cyclops</taxonomicName>
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Leaf-nosed Bat is insectivorous, feeding predominantly on moths (particularly hawk moths of the family
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[2895,3118,3263,3302]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sphingidae</taxonomicName>
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), but it may feed on a variety of other insects including Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera. It forages by sallying out from a perch on a branch or twig typically less than
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<quantity box="[3338,3407,3368,3407]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
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aboveground. Captured prey is returned to the perch where it is consumed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="230" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1919,3541,2681,4351]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1921,2104,3473,3512]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Breeding.</emphasis>
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The
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" box="[2205,2349,3473,3512]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">Cyclops</taxonomicName>
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Leaf-nosed Bat gives birth to a single young that is bom immediately prior to, or during, the local rainy season.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="230" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1919,3541,2681,4351]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1919,2246,3579,3618]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" box="[2364,2508,3579,3618]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">Cyclops</taxonomicName>
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Leaf-nosed Bat roosts predominantly in the hollow trunks of large trees, but may occasionally also use anthropogenic structures such as disused mines. Echolocation call includes a F component at c.60 kHz.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="230" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1919,3541,2681,4351]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1921,2873,3737,3776]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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The
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1853" box="[2981,3126,3737,3776]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Doryrhina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">Cyclops</taxonomicName>
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Leaf-nosed Bat regularly shares its roost with other bats, as well as rodents (including anomalures). Based on recapture rates, it has been estimated that its home range is small, in the order of several hectares. It roosts singly or in small groups of up to 18 individuals. Groups typically consist of 1-3 males and several females.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="230" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1919,3541,2681,4351]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1922,2391,4000,4039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List (as
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclops">Hipposideros cyclops</taxonomicName>
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). It has a wide distribution and occurs in several protected areas and forest reserves. However, its dependence on large trees for day roosts is of concern for this species in logged forests.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="230" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[1919,3541,2681,4351]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1923,2129,4217,4246]" pageId="3" pageNumber="230">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Aellen (1952), Cockle et al. (1998), Decher & Fahr (2005), Eisentraut (1956, 1973), Fahr (2013j), Hill (1963a), Juste & Ibânez (1994b), Lang & Chapin (1917a, 1917b), Patterson & Webala (2012), Schütter et al. (1986), Thom & Kerbis Peterhans (2009), Verschuren (1957).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |