198 lines
17 KiB
XML
198 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3739808" approvalRequired="13" approvalRequired_for_treatments="13" checkinTime="1585778501182" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03BD87A2C66DA21FF876FB5EF49B4DB7" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Hipposideridae_210.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Hipposideros fulvus J.E. Gray 1838" docType="treatment" docVersion="18" lastPageNumber="254" masterDocId="FF84FFDAC676A204FFF8FF9AFFEF4346" masterDocTitle="Hipposideridae" masterLastPageNumber="258" masterPageNumber="227" pageNumber="254" updateTime="1658261432012" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Hipposideridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>227</mods:start>
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<mods:end>258</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3739808</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810902" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194660917" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810902" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD87A2C66DA21FF876FB5EF49B4DB7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD87A2C66DA21FF876FB5EF49B4DB7" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">
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<heading box="[1934,3204,1220,1281]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">
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<subSubSection box="[1934,2013,1220,1281]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1931,3220,1220,1381]" box="[1934,2013,1220,1281]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">
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<figureCitation box="[1934,2013,1220,1281]" captionStart="Plate 19: Hipposideridae" captionStartId="26.[167,210,4414,4443]" captionTargetBox="[0,3699,0,4866]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="67. Timor Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros crumeniferus), 68. Bornean Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros doriae), 69. Durga Das’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros durgadasi), 70. Dayak Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros dyacorum), 71. House-dwelling Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros einnaythu), 72. Andersen’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros gentilis), 73. Fulvus Leaf-nosed (Bat Hipposiderosfulvus), 74. Thailand Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros halophyllus), 75. Kolar Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros hypophyllus), 76. Phou Khao Khouay Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros khaokhouayensis), 77. Kunz’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros kunzi), 78. Big-eared Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros macrobullotus), 79. Maggie Taylor’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros maggietaylorae), 80. Malayan Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros nequam), 81. Nicobar Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros nicobarulae), 82. Philippine Forest Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros obscurus), 83. Orbiculus Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros orbiculus), 84. Biak Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros papua), 85. Pomona Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pomona), 86. Philippine Pygmy Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pygmaeus), 87. Ridley’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros ridleyi), 88. Laotian Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros rotalis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3739818/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">73.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2037,2655,1220,1281]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1931,3220,1220,1381]" box="[2037,2655,1220,1281]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">
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<vernacularName box="[2037,2655,1220,1281]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Fulvus Leaf-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2700,3204,1220,1281]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1931,3220,1220,1381]" box="[2700,3204,1220,1281]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J.E. Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[2700,3204,1220,1281]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvus">Hipposideros fulvus</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="254" type="vernacular_names">
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<heading pageId="27" pageNumber="254">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1931,3220,1220,1381]" box="[1933,3208,1300,1327]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1933,2037,1302,1327]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2047,2278,1300,1327]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Phyllorhine fauve</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2304,2428,1302,1327]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2438,2758,1300,1327]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Gelbrote Rundblattnase</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2785,2910,1302,1327]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2921,3208,1300,1327]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Hiposidérido leonado</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1931,3220,1220,1381]" box="[1932,2565,1354,1381]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1932,2267,1356,1381]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2279,2565,1354,1381]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Fulvus Roundleaf Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</heading>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="254" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[2754,3560,1455,2027]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2757,2970,1455,1494]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J.E. Gray" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvus">Hipposideros fulvus], E. Gray, 1838</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3753598341" box="[2873,3230,1508,1547]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">
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“
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<collectingCountry box="[2889,2994,1508,1547]" name="India" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">India</collectingCountry>
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, (Madras.).”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[2754,3560,1455,2027]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J.E. Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[2758,3107,1562,1601]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvus">Hipposideros fulvus</taxonomicName>
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was formerly included in the ZrâoZorspecies group, but its position in the phylogeny is unclear and its taxonomy requires further study. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="254" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[2754,3560,1455,2027]" box="[2757,3300,1828,1867]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2757,3300,1828,1867]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[2754,3560,1455,2027]" lastBlockId="27.[1924,3557,2039,3825]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">
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H. f.
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<taxonomicName box="[2849,2978,1881,1920]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvus">fulvus</taxonomicName>
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]. E. Gray, 1838 —
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<collectingCountry box="[3323,3485,1881,1920]" name="Pakistan" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="India" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">India</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2850,3048,1934,1973]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[3080,3198,1934,1973]" name="Nepal" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry box="[3326,3551,1934,1973]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
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. Also recorded from W
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<collectingRegion box="[3197,3349,1988,2027]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
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in S
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<collectingCountry name="China" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">China</collectingCountry>
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, but assignation to this subspecies uncertain.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1924,3557,2039,3825]" box="[1930,3124,2092,2131]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">
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H. f. paUidus K Andersen, 1918 -NE
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<collectingCountry box="[2637,2867,2092,2131]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
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to NW
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<collectingCountry box="[3015,3118,2092,2131]" name="India" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">India</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="254" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1924,3557,2039,3825]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1929,2277,2146,2185]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 40-50 mm, tail 24-35 mm, ear 19-26 mm, hindfoot 6-10 mm, forearm 38-44 mm; weight 8-9 g. Noseleaf of the
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<taxonomicName box="[3095,3218,2199,2238]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvus">Fulvus</taxonomicName>
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Leaf-nosed Bat is without supplementary leaflet. Intemarial septum is somewhat flattened and slightly wider at base. Pelage is variable from dull yellow to pale gray, dull brown or golden-orange, sometimes with whitish-gray patch around shoulder. Rostrum is robust Braincase and sagittal crest are low. Zygomata are slender with moderate dorsal process. P2 is small, situated in the tooth row or slightly extruded. Baculum is small, with straight shaft and simple base and tip. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 60.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="254" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1924,3557,2039,3825]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1927,2081,2624,2663]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Habitat.</emphasis>
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The
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<taxonomicName box="[2193,2315,2624,2663]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvus">Fulvus</taxonomicName>
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Leaf-nosed Bat is found in lowland forest, thorn scrub in arid regions, and hill forest.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="254" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1924,3557,2039,3825]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1927,2287,2731,2770]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The
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<taxonomicName box="[2391,2512,2731,2770]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvus">Fulvus</taxonomicName>
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Leaf-nosed Bat uses a slow fluttering flight to feed on insects close to the ground, but is also recorded feeding in the canopy. Preferred diet includes cockroaches and beetles. The species appears to favor medium-sized insects, perhaps to avoid competition with other
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<taxonomicName authorityName="ZyfetThomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[2704,2926,2890,2929]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hipposideros</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="254" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1924,3557,2039,3825]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1927,2111,2943,2982]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Breeding.</emphasis>
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In
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<collectingRegion box="[2173,2415,2943,2982]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Maharashtra</collectingRegion>
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, breeding occurs in mid-November. Gestation takes 150-160 days. Females give birth to a single young in late April and early May, and lactation was observed until late July. Young bats of both sexes take 18-19 months to reach sexual maturity.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="254" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1924,3557,2039,3825]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1924,2245,3155,3194]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The
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<taxonomicName box="[2347,2468,3155,3194]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvus">Fulvus</taxonomicName>
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Leaf-nosed Bat was observed leaving the roost long after dusk, and often revisiting the roost during the night. It roosts in caves, rock crevices, tunnels, old houses and other buildings, and wells.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="254" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1924,3557,2039,3825]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1926,2966,3314,3353]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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The
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<taxonomicName box="[3095,3221,3314,3353]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvus">Fulvus</taxonomicName>
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Leaf-nosed Bat roosts in small groups of a few individuals or in colonies of over 200. It is known to share roosts with Leschenault’s Rousettes {
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[2847,3021,3419,3458]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Rousettus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rousettus</taxonomicName>
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leschenaultiî), Indian Leafnosed Bats {
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Helaart" authorityYear="1850" box="[2171,2421,3472,3511]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lankadiva">H. lankadiva</taxonomicName>
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), Indian Rufous Horseshoe Bats {
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1835" box="[3089,3440,3472,3511]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rouxii">Rhinolophus rouxii</taxonomicName>
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), and Schreibers’s Long-fingered Bats {Miniopterus schreibersii), but it remains separated from other species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="254" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1924,3557,2039,3825]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1926,2422,3631,3670]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The major threats to the
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<taxonomicName box="[2346,2469,3684,3723]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="254" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvus">Fulvus</taxonomicName>
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Leaf-nosed Bat appear to be habitat loss and human disturbance.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1926,2932,3796,3825]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="27.[1924,3557,2039,3825]" box="[1926,2932,3796,3825]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1926,2132,3796,3825]" pageId="27" pageNumber="254">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Bates & Harrison (1997), Srinivasulu & Molur (2008a).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |