158 lines
18 KiB
XML
158 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="BC8AD8C00CB55FD1A0FE7D92E24A660D" ID-CLB-Dataset="26761" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4394.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="96807e95-89bd-4f9c-8e64-dd44cf0ca98a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3066097" ID-ZooBank="6AEE9169-0FC2-4728-A690-52FFA1707FC0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1558368195341" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Heikkilä, Maria, Brown, John W., Baixeras, Joaquin, Mey, Wolfram & Kozlov, Mikhail V." docDate="2018" docId="03B2FF08FFCF140CFF5486BC175FFBF1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4394.1.2.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4394 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tortricibaltia diakonoffi Skalski 1992" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="FF8B8770FFC9140AFFC386241322FFC2" masterDocTitle="Re-examining the rare and the lost: a review of fossil Tortricidae (Lepidoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1698731243689" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D629E2183D80B4682FE123EED4211E88">Re-examining the rare and the lost: a review of fossil Tortricidae (Lepidoptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="577ED81E6687B3CBDBD694D54ED398D5">Heikkilä, Maria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EEA4FA5B2FCE4BA76D95BA0DEE846816">Brown, John W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="55F420DADEA12D16ACDCFB602FB6E809">Baixeras, Joaquin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0F7ADB9A06CD8AEC26ECF0B66335BC5B">Mey, Wolfram</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AF5C5DB2341CDEB4759C9D523535B2BA">Kozlov, Mikhail V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A343A171D8CD0E96D35D7417C96615EB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="E0F12826C797E0969ED30AF7612AFF83">4394</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B2FF08FFCF140CFF5486BC175FFBF1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5981071" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157232477" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5981071" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B2FF08FFCF140CFF5486BC175FFBF1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B2FF08FFCF140CFF5486BC175FFBF1" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection id="C3011D95FFCF140CFF5486BC1061FEA1" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFCF140CFF5486BC1144FF70" blockId="6.[151,614,152,178]" box="[151,614,152,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
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<heading id="D0ECF972FFCF140CFF5486BC1144FF70" bold="true" box="[151,614,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFCF140CFF5486BC1144FF70" ID-CoL="94RL6" authority="Skalski, 1992" authorityName="Skalski" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,614,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortricibaltia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diakonoffi">
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<emphasis id="B96F920CFFCF140CFF5486BC1144FF70" bold="true" box="[151,614,152,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B96F920CFFCF140CFF5486BC1298FF70" bold="true" box="[151,442,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Tortricibaltia diakonoffi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFCF140CFE0286BC1144FF70" author="Skalski, A. W." box="[449,614,152,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" pagination="137 - 146" refId="ref14220" refString="Skalski, A. W. (1992) Studies on the Lepidoptera from fossil resins. Part III. Two new genera and species of Tortricidae from the Baltic amber. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology, 3, 137 - 146." type="journal article" year="1992">Skalski, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFCF140CFF5486FA1061FEA1" blockId="6.[151,1437,222,1075]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B96F920CFFCF140CFF5486FA1163FF35" bold="true" box="[151,577,222,247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Excavation locality and depository:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFCF140CFD8A86FA11CDFF35" author="Skalski, A. W." box="[585,751,222,247]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" pagination="137 - 146" refId="ref14220" refString="Skalski, A. W. (1992) Studies on the Lepidoptera from fossil resins. Part III. Two new genera and species of Tortricidae from the Baltic amber. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology, 3, 137 - 146." type="journal article" year="1992">Skalski (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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reported the FMNH Chicago as the depository of this fossil (
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<typeStatus id="54A0F0BCFFCF140CFF5C8726122FFED9" box="[159,269,258,283]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: LEP.SUCC.49 NHMC/AWS/ Baltic Region (Baltic Amber, Prussian Fm.)/Lutetian, Middle Eocene). However, it was not found in the inventory by the FMNH entomology collection manager Crystal Maier and MH. The re-assessment is based on information in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFCF140CFD54876E101CFEA1" author="Skalski, A. W." box="[663,830,330,355]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" pagination="137 - 146" refId="ref14220" refString="Skalski, A. W. (1992) Studies on the Lepidoptera from fossil resins. Part III. Two new genera and species of Tortricidae from the Baltic amber. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology, 3, 137 - 146." type="journal article" year="1992">Skalski (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3011D95FFCF140CFF04874A12E5FE30" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFCF140CFF04874A177DFE45" blockId="6.[151,1437,222,1075]" box="[199,1119,366,391]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B96F920CFFCF140CFF04874A12FFFE45" bold="true" box="[199,477,366,391]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Published illustrations:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFCF140CFE27874A1192FE45" author="Skalski, A. W." box="[484,688,366,391]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" pagination="137 - 146" refId="ref14220" refString="Skalski, A. W. (1992) Studies on the Lepidoptera from fossil resins. Part III. Two new genera and species of Tortricidae from the Baltic amber. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology, 3, 137 - 146." type="journal article" year="1992">Skalski 1992: 140</bibRefCitation>
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, figs 1–5 (photographs and drawings).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFCF140CFF0487B612E5FE30" blockId="6.[151,1437,222,1075]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B96F920CFFCF140CFF0487B6126AFE69" bold="true" box="[199,328,402,427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Condition:</emphasis>
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According to
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFCF140CFE2E87B611B7FE69" author="Skalski, A. W." box="[493,661,402,427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" pagination="137 - 146" refId="ref14220" refString="Skalski, A. W. (1992) Studies on the Lepidoptera from fossil resins. Part III. Two new genera and species of Tortricidae from the Baltic amber. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology, 3, 137 - 146." type="journal article" year="1992">Skalski (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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, this amber fossil is 10 × 13 ×
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<quantity id="4CE3E3FBFFCF140CFC3F87B7171CFE68" box="[1020,1086,403,427]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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and mounted on a microscope slide. It is a male moth with the head, thorax (with legs), one pair of wings and the abdomen preserved. The forewing length is 5.0 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3011D95FFCF140CFF0487DA175FFBF1" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFCF140CFF0487DA1299FD41" blockId="6.[151,1437,222,1075]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B96F920CFFCF140CFF0487DA1273FDD5" bold="true" box="[199,337,510,535]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Comments:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFCF140CFE9887DA114FFDD5" authorityName="Skalski" authorityYear="1992" box="[347,621,510,535]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortricibaltia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diakonoffi">
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<emphasis id="B96F920CFFCF140CFE9887DA114FFDD5" box="[347,621,510,535]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Tortricibaltia diakonoffi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was first mentioned in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFCF140CFC4787DA1709FDD5" author="Skalski, A. W." box="[900,1067,510,535]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" pagination="195 - 208" refId="ref14182" refString="Skalski, A. W. (1976) Les lepidopteres fossiles de l'ambre, Etat actuel de nos connaissances (2 me partie). Linneana Belgica, 6 (8), 195 - 208." type="journal article" year="1976">Skalski (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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without a description; hence, it was originally a
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<emphasis id="B96F920CFFCF140CFE9E840012DDFDF9" box="[349,511,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">nomen nudum</emphasis>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFCF140CFDD28406119BFDF9" author="Skalski, A. W." box="[529,697,546,571]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" pagination="137 - 146" refId="ref14220" refString="Skalski, A. W. (1992) Studies on the Lepidoptera from fossil resins. Part III. Two new genera and species of Tortricidae from the Baltic amber. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology, 3, 137 - 146." type="journal article" year="1992">Skalski (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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subsequently validated the taxon with a description. The wing venation is typical of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFCF140CFE518462112DFD9D" baseAuthorityName="Horak" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[402,527,582,607]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
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, and the genitalia have a slender uncus and elongate valvae, consistent with its assignment to
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFCF140CFEFA844E1295FD41" baseAuthorityName="Horak" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[313,439,618,643]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA44E1EFFCF140CFF0484AB175FFBF1" blockId="6.[151,1437,222,1075]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
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By mistake,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFCF140CFE9484AA1144FD65" authorityName="Skalski" authorityYear="1992" box="[343,614,654,679]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Tortricibaltia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diakonoffi">
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<emphasis id="B96F920CFFCF140CFE9484AA1144FD65" box="[343,614,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Tortricibaltia diakonoffi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was placed under Olethreutinae in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFCF140CFC3E84AA17EEFD65" author="Sohn, J. - C. & Labandeira, C. & Davis, D. & Mitter, C." box="[1021,1228,654,679]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref14323" refString="Sohn, J. - C., Labandeira, C., Davis, D. & Mitter, C. (2012) An annotated catalog of fossil and subfossil Lepidoptera (Insecta: Holometabola) of the world. Zootaxa, 3286, 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="2012">
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Sohn
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<emphasis id="B96F920CFFCF140CFBFC84AB175BFD65" box="[1087,1145,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
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(2012)
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</bibRefCitation>
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(Prof. J.-C. Sohn, pers. comm.). Subsequently, in the divergence time analysis by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFCF140CFCAC8497176BFD09" author="Fagua, G. & Condamine, F. L. & Horak, M. & Zwick, A. & Sperling, F. A. H." box="[879,1097,690,715]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" pagination="449 - 466" refId="ref12375" refString="Fagua, G., Condamine, F. L., Horak, M., Zwick, A. & Sperling, F. A. H. (2017) Diversification shifts in leafroller moths linked to continental colonization and the rise of angiosperms. Cladistics, 33 (5), 449 - 466. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12185" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Fagua
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<emphasis id="B96F920CFFCF140CFC7F849010D7FD09" box="[956,1013,690,715]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
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(2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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this fossil was used to give a minimum age to Olethreutinae. To support this placement,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFCF140CFCF084F31729FD2D" author="Fagua, G. & Condamine, F. L. & Horak, M. & Zwick, A. & Sperling, F. A. H." box="[819,1035,726,751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" pagination="449 - 466" refId="ref12375" refString="Fagua, G., Condamine, F. L., Horak, M., Zwick, A. & Sperling, F. A. H. (2017) Diversification shifts in leafroller moths linked to continental colonization and the rise of angiosperms. Cladistics, 33 (5), 449 - 466. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12185" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Fagua
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<emphasis id="B96F920CFFCF140CFC4384F31090FD2D" box="[896,946,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
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. (2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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mention “the presence of forewing veins M-stem and stem of R4+5”. Although these authors acknowledge that this is a plesiomorphic trait among extant
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFCF140CFF26853A1240FCF5" baseAuthorityName="Horak" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[229,354,798,823]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tortricidae</taxonomicName>
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, they mention that it is found almost exclusively in Olethreutinae. However, in the absence of other characters, we consider the evidence weak. In addition, the presence of a well developed CuP is somewhat troublesome. According to
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFCF140CFE09854211ADFCBD" author="Horak, M." box="[458,655,870,895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" refId="ref12745" refString="Horak, M. (2006) Olethreutine moths of Australia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (Vol. 10), CSIRO Publishing, Victoria, 522 pp." type="book" year="2006">Horak (2006: 25)</bibRefCitation>
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, in Olethreutinae the cubitus posterior (CuP) is present with very few exceptions near the wing margin but never as a fully developed vein. In its reduced form, it is usually present, although it is absent altogether in
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B359DFFCF140CFDD3858A107AFC05" authority="(Horak 1998: 199)" authorityName="Horak" authorityPageNumber="199" authorityYear="1998" baseAuthorityName="Horak" baseAuthorityPageNumber="199" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[528,856,942,967]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cochylini">
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Cochylini (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A33EFFFCF140CFD4E858A1072FC05" author="Horak, M." box="[653,848,942,967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" pagination="199 - 215" refId="ref12685" refString="Horak, M. (1998) The Tortricoidea. In: Kristensen, N. P. (Ed.), Lepidoptera, moths and butterflies, 1 Evolution, systematics and biogeography. Handbuch der Zoologie / Handbook of Zoology 35. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York, pp. 199 - 215." type="book chapter" year="1998">Horak 1998: 199</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Because the reported characters of the fossil do not include apomorphies or character combinations that would unambiguously place it reliably in any of the tortricid subfamilies or tribes, we find its use it as a calibration point to give a minimum age to Olethreutinae unfounded. Regardless of its tribal and/or subfamilial assignment, this fossil appears to be a tortricid.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |