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<document id="501F767874CB2A115CA4CFA4BE2BCCDF" ID-CLB-Dataset="22494" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4765.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8af5a092-f062-48c7-8d7c-f96ae6282bfa" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774174" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C442D94C-0EB4-4509-B762-913707214819" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588094957734" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Hodgson, Chris" docDate="2020" docId="03B2EA640A0B46772CFCF918FBE9D604" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4765.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4765 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pseudococcinae Cockerell 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="FF8B921C0A2F46522C6BFF8EFFCBD747" masterDocTitle="A review of neococcid scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) based on the morphology of the adult males" masterLastPageNumber="264" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1698837970293" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9FE33BFC6117DB9C8545F569EBB772B2">A review of neococcid scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) based on the morphology of the adult males</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720A0B46762CFCF918FD6FD1F7" blockId="36.[151,676,1686,1712]" box="[151,676,1686,1712]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A0B46762CFCF918FD6FD1F7" bold="true" box="[151,676,1686,1712]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A0B46762D74F918FD6FD1F7" authority="Cockerell 1905" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1905" box="[287,676,1686,1712]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pseudococcinae">
Pseudococcinae
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A0B46762D81F918FD6FD1F7" author="Cockerell" box="[490,676,1686,1712]" firstAuthor="Cockerell" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="189 - 203" refId="ref199339" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1905) Tables for the identification of Rocky Mountain Coccidae (Scale insects and mealybugs). Colorado University Studies, 2, 189 - 203." type="journal article" year="1905">Cockerell 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30108F90A0B46772CFCF953FBE9D604" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A0B46762CFCF953FAB4D0B3" blockId="36.[151,1437,1757,2036]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A0B46762CFCF953FEFDD1BF" bold="true" box="[151,310,1757,1784]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Introduction.</emphasis>
Quite a few adult males of this subfamily have been described in detail (see
<figureCitation id="132047F70A0B467628CDF950FAF9D1BF" box="[1190,1330,1758,1784]" captionStart="Appendix A" captionStartId="258.[151,262,154,178]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="Appendix A. A list of descriptions of extant adult male Coccomorpha, mainly since Therons pioneering work of 1958. It is unlikely to be complete, and so please contact the author if you know of others." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774368/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Appendix A</figureCitation>
), starting with
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A0B46762CB9F88CFEACD05B" author="Theron" box="[210,359,1793,1820]" firstAuthor="Theron" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref212183" refString="Theron, J. G. (1958) Comparative studies on the morphology of male scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Annals of the University of Stellenbosch (Section A), 34, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1958">Theron 1958</bibRefCitation>
, followed
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A0B46762D8AF88CFD55D05B" author="Beardsley" box="[481,670,1794,1820]" firstAuthor="Beardsley" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="199 - 243" refId="ref197668" refString="Beardsley, J. W. (1960) A preliminary study of the males of some Hawaiian mealybugs (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 17, 199 - 243." type="journal article" year="1960">Beardsley (1960</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A0B46762EC0F88CFD2DD05B" author="Beardsley" box="[683,742,1794,1820]" firstAuthor="Beardsley" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="81 - 98" refId="ref197706" refString="Beardsley, J. W. (1962) Descriptions and notes on male mealybugs (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 28, 81 - 98." type="journal article" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A0B46762E9FF88CFCE6D05A" author="Beardsley" box="[756,813,1794,1821]" firstAuthor="Beardsley" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="238 - 252" refId="ref197740" refString="Beardsley, J. W. (1964) Insects of Campbell Island. Homoptera: Coccoidea. Pacific Insects, Monograph 7, 238 - 252." type="journal article" year="1964">1964</bibRefCitation>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A0B46762F05F88CFC22D05B" author="Afifi" box="[878,1001,1794,1820]" firstAuthor="Afifi" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="3 - 210" refId="ref197178" refString="Afifi, S. A. (1968) Morphology and taxonomy of the adult males of the families Pseudococcidae and Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). British Museum (Natural History), Second Report on Economic Zoology, 13, 3 - 210." type="journal article" year="1968">Afifi 1968</bibRefCitation>
; Afifi &amp; Kozsztarab 1967;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A0B46762949F88CFF18D006" author="Afifi" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Afifi" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="141 - 151" refId="ref197385" refString="Afifi, S. A., Amin, A. H. &amp; Nada, S. M. A. (1976) Taxonomy of males of two species of Pseudococcidae (Homoptera; Coccoidea). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique d'Egypte, 60, 141 - 151." type="journal article" year="1976">
Afifi
<emphasis id="B96F87600A0B46762909F88DFA5ED05B" box="[1378,1429,1794,1820]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
. 1976
</bibRefCitation>
). For more recent studies, see
<figureCitation id="132047F70A0B46762E4CF8A8FD79D007" box="[551,690,1830,1856]" captionStart="Appendix A" captionStartId="258.[151,262,154,178]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="Appendix A. A list of descriptions of extant adult male Coccomorpha, mainly since Therons pioneering work of 1958. It is unlikely to be complete, and so please contact the author if you know of others." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774368/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Appendix A</figureCitation>
. Almost all of these males are macropterous and of rather uniform structure and fall within the diagnosis above. In addition,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A0B46762F43F8C4FBABD023" author="Williams and Miller" box="[808,1120,1866,1892]" firstAuthor="Williams" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="522 - 539" refId="ref213087" refString="Williams, D. J. &amp; Miller, D. R. (1999) Two new genera and species of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) that produce plant galls. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 101 (3), 522 - 539." type="journal article" year="1999">Williams and Miller (1999)</bibRefCitation>
described the adult male of
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A0B46762CFCF8E0FCD6D0CF" authority="Williams &amp; Miller. This" authorityName="Williams &amp; Miller. This" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,797,1902,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Quadrigallicoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lauracearum">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A0B46762CFCF8E0FDC9D0CF" box="[151,514,1902,1928]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Quadrigallicoccus lauracearum</emphasis>
Williams &amp; Miller. This
</taxonomicName>
latter species is gall inducing and, although the male is an otherwise typical macropterous male, the abdomen and particularly the penial sheath have become considerably elongated, presumably to assist in fertilization of the female within the gall. This abdominal and/or penial sheath extension is typical of many males of gall-inducing
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A0B46762EB6F854FCA4D0B3" baseAuthorityName="Gullan &amp; Cook" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[733,879,2010,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A0B46762F15F854FB5AD0B3" author="Hodgson &amp; Miller" box="[894,1169,2010,2036]" firstAuthor="Hodgson" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 101" refId="ref204509" refString="Hodgson, C. J. &amp; Miller, D. R. (2010) A review of the eriococcid genera (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) of South America. Zootaxa, 2459 (1), 1 - 101. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2459.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Hodgson &amp; Miller 2010</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830A0B467628F7F854FAB8D0B3" author="Semple" box="[1180,1395,2009,2036]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Semple" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="287 - 312" refId="ref210971" refString="Semple, T. L., Gullan, P. J., Hodgson, C. J., Hardy, N. B. &amp; Cook, L. G. (2015) Systematic review of the Australian ' bush coconut' genus Cystococcus (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) uncovers a new species from Queensland. Invertebrate Systematics, 29, 287 - 312. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 14061" type="journal article" year="2015">
Semple
<emphasis id="B96F87600A0B4676289CF855FAE3D0B3" box="[1271,1320,2010,2036]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A0A46772CACFF17FE43D658" blockId="37.[151,1437,153,323]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Examples of macropterous adult male pseudococcine mealybugs are illustrated in
<figureCitation id="132047F70A0A46772832FF17FB1CD7F4" box="[1113,1239,153,179]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 10" captionStart-1="FIGURE 11" captionStart-2="FIGURE 12" captionStartId-0="36.[151,250,1507,1532]" captionStartId-1="37.[151,250,1731,1756]" captionStartId-2="38.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox-0="[251,1339,181,1480]" captionTargetBox-1="[168,1426,354,1697]" captionTargetBox-2="[306,1285,192,1910]" captionTargetId-0="figure@36.[248,1340,181,1481]" captionTargetId-1="figure@37.[151,1436,345,1706]" captionTargetId-2="figure@38.[291,1296,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId-0="36" captionTargetPageId-1="37" captionTargetPageId-2="38" captionText-0="FIGURE 10. Paracoccus glaucus (Maskell). Macropterous male. (Pseudococcidae, Pseudococcinae). Where C=loculate pores, D=simple pore, J=dorsal view of penial sheath, K1=tibio-tarsal articulation, and K2=proximal end of metathoracic leg, L=ventral view of penial sheath and N=side view of penial sheath. For abbreviations, see p. 8." captionText-1="FIGURE 11. Spilococcus atriplicis (Cockerell) Macropterous male. (Pseudococcidae, Pseudococcinae). Where C=loculate pore, D=fleshy seta and E=hair-like seta." captionText-2="FIGURE 12. Trabutina elastica (Marchal). Macropterous male (Pseudococcidae, Pseudococcinae). Where C=loculate pore, D=fleshy seta and E=hair-like seta." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774194" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774196" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774198" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3774194/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3774196/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3774198/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs 1012</figureCitation>
, e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A0A46772973FF14FEAFD79F" authority="(Maskell)" baseAuthorityName="Maskell" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Paracoccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glaucus">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A0A46772973FF14FF25D790" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Paracoccus glaucus</emphasis>
(Maskell)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A0A46772D05FF33FD57D790" authority="Marchal" authorityName="Marchal" authorityYear="1904" box="[366,668,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Trabutina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elastica">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A0A46772D05FF33FDF2D790" box="[366,569,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Trabutina elastica</emphasis>
Marchal
</taxonomicName>
and?
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A0A46772EB6FF33FB81D79F" authority="(Cockerell)" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" box="[733,1098,189,216]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Spilococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atriplex">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A0A46772EB6FF33FC0BD790" box="[733,960,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Spilococcus atriplex</emphasis>
(Cockerell)
</taxonomicName>
; while an apterous pseudococcine mealybug,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A0A46772D21FF6FFDAFD7BB" authority="(Lobdell)" baseAuthorityName="Lobdell" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[330,612,225,252]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" genus="Oracella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acuta">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A0A46772D21FF6FFE39D7BC" box="[330,498,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Oracella acuta</emphasis>
(Lobdell)
</taxonomicName>
and an allomyrmococcine mealybug,
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A0A4677287BFF6CFAB8D7BC" authority="Williams" authorityName="Williams. Apterous" authorityYear="2002" box="[1040,1395,225,251]" class="Insecta" genus="Promyrmococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dilli">
<emphasis id="B96F87600A0A4677287BFF6CFACCD7BC" box="[1040,1287,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Promyrmococcus dilli</emphasis>
Williams
</taxonomicName>
are shown in
<figureCitation id="132047F70A0A46772D6FFE8BFE92D658" box="[260,345,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1751,1776]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,189,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 13. Oracella acuta (Lobdell).Apterous male (Pseudococcidae, Pseudococcinae). Where A=dorsal view of thorax and B=ventral view of thorax, C=loculate pore and D=fleshy seta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774200/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs 13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132047F70A0A46772D0EFE8BFE4FD658" box="[357,388,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1910,1935]" captionTargetBox="[174,1416,187,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[171,1416,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 14. Promyrmococcus dilli Williams. Apterous adult male. (Pseudococcidae, Pseudococcinae, Allomyrmococcini). Where C=loculate pore, D=simple pore, J=dorsal view of penial sheath, K=proximal end of metathoracic leg, L=ventral view of penial sheath, P=anterior and posterior views of trochanter, Q=apex of antenna, R=circuli and T=ventral view of right side of head. For abbreviations, see p. 8. (Modified after Williams 2002)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774202/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">14</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA45B720A0A46772CACFEA7FBE9D604" blockId="37.[151,1437,153,323]" box="[199,1058,297,323]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
For differences between
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A0A46772DB7FEA7FD44D604" box="[476,655,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Pseudococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pseudococcidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10A0A46772EADFEA7FC90D604" baseAuthorityName="Gullan &amp; Cook" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[710,859,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eriococcidae</taxonomicName>
, see key on p. 19.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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