165 lines
23 KiB
XML
165 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="82AB97827CB21D410DC573AE4DBA0E5D">Harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) in Eocene Rovno amber (Ukraine)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="28C8067284A7D791619DDB04CB14707C">Mitov, Plamen G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E674DD1AFF33E56859C1A5EA4230F494">Perkovsky, Evgeny E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="996FCDD42FC052DE08F1B327988149A7">Dunlop, Jason A.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="038106260C79716718C0FD70FD5647F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928222" ID-GBIF-Taxon="184587102" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4928222" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038106260C79716718C0FD70FD5647F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038106260C79716718C0FD70FD5647F5" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection id="C332E4BB0C79716718C0FD70FDEE40A5" box="[151,526,679,706]" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B97B7300C79716718C0FD70FDEE40A5" blockId="16.[151,526,679,742]" box="[151,526,679,706]" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">
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<heading id="D0DF005C0C79716718C0FD70FDEE40A5" bold="true" box="[151,526,679,706]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C79716718C0FD70FDEE40A5" ID-CoL="7YV9T" authority="(Menge, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="Menge" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[151,526,679,706]" class="Arachnida" family="Sabaconidae" genus="Sabacon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claviger">
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<emphasis id="B95C6B220C79716718C0FD70FDEE40A5" bold="true" box="[151,526,679,706]" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="B95C6B220C79716718C0FD70FEBE40A5" bold="true" box="[151,350,679,706]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Sabacon claviger</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CAC10C797167193BFD7FFDE640A5" author="Menge, A." box="[364,518,680,706]" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref18617" refString="Menge, A. (1854) Footnotes. In: Koch, C. L. & Berendt, G. C., Die im Bernstein befindlichen Myriapoden, Arachniden und Apteren der Vorwelt. In: Berendt, G. C. (Ed.), Die in Bernstein befindlichen organischen Reste der Vorwelt gesammelt in Verbindung mit mehreren bearbeitetet und herausgegeben 1. Berlin, Nicolai, pp. 1 - 124." type="book chapter" year="1854">Menge, 1854</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C332E4BB0C79716718C0FD1BFEF54081" box="[151,277,716,742]" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B97B7300C79716718C0FD1BFEF54081" blockId="16.[151,526,679,742]" box="[151,277,716,742]" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">
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<figureCitation id="1313ABB50C79716718C0FD1BFEF54081" box="[151,277,716,742]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–21" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,184,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[243,1344,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 18–21. Sabacon claviger (Menge, 1854), SIZK K-7898, from Rovno amber (Klesov, Pugach quarry, Ukraine), late Eocene. 18 Detail of the body and limbs, dorsal view. 19 Detail of the body and limbs (view from back), showing the opisthosomal dorsum ornamented by regular rows of black thorns (arrowed). 20 Detail of the left pedipalp in ventro-ectal view, showing tibia and tarsus throughout with dense brush-like setae and the tibial long seta (arrowed). Part of the palpal setae are not visible due to amber aberrations—compare with Fig. 21. 21 Detail of the right pedipalp, showing the tibia and tarsus, closer ectal view. Scale bars: 18–19: 1 mm; 20: 0.5 mm; 21: 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928516/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Figs 18–21</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C332E4BB0C79716718C0FCC3FB214134" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B97B7300C79716718C0FCC3FB214134" blockId="16.[151,1437,788,1427]" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="B95C6B220C79716718C0FCC3FE614149" bold="true" box="[151,385,788,814]" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B40BD6D0C79716719DFFCC3FB5D4134" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3335965301" collectionCode="SIZK" country="Ukraine" county="Sarny District" location="Pugach" municipality="Klesov" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rivne">
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<emphasis id="B95C6B220C79716719DFFCC3FDF64149" bold="true" box="[392,534,788,814]" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">
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<collectingCountry id="F33FF7A00C79716719DFFCC3FDEC4149" box="[392,524,788,814]" name="Ukraine" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">UKRAINE</collectingCountry>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED392FF50C7971671A4AFCC3FDBB4149" box="[541,603,788,814]" country="Ukraine" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c442-9tdv" name="Schmaulhausen Institute of Zoology" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">SIZK</collectionCode>
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K-7898, from
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<collectingRegion id="49EC79D20C7971671B52FCC2FCB04148" box="[773,848,789,815]" country="Ukraine" name="Rivne" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Rovno</collectingRegion>
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amber,
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<collectingRegion id="49EC79D20C7971671BFDFCC2FBA64149" box="[938,1094,788,815]" country="Ukraine" name="Rivne" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Rovno Oblast</collectingRegion>
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(Region),
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<collectingCounty id="62F6CFBC0C7971671CE8FCC3FABF4149" box="[1215,1375,788,814]" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Sarny District</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BF32D4A0C7971671D3DFCC3FF5F4134" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Klesov</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="8EF7E1EB0C797167189DFCEFFEFC4135" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038106260C79716718C0FD70FD5647F5:8EF7E1EB0C797167189DFCEFFEFC4135" box="[202,284,824,850]" country="Ukraine" county="Sarny District" municipality="Klesov" name="Pugach" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" stateProvince="Rivne">Pugach</location>
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quarry; late Eocene. Syninclusions: stellate hairs/trichomes;
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<location id="8EF7E1EB0C7971671B9EFCEFFBC24135" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038106260C79716718C0FD70FD5647F5:8EF7E1EB0C7971671B9EFCEFFBC24135" box="[969,1058,824,850]" country="Ukraine" county="Sarny District" municipality="Klesov" name="Isopoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" stateProvince="Rivne">Isopoda</location>
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(Oniscoidea)
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C332E4BB0C7971671890FC8BFF3246B9" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8B97B7300C7971671890FC8BFF3246B9" blockId="16.[151,1437,788,1427]" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7971671890FC8BFEB94111" bold="true" box="[199,345,860,886]" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Description.</emphasis>
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SIZK K-7898 (
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<figureCitation id="1313ABB50C7971671A5EFC8BFD694111" box="[521,649,860,886]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–21" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,184,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[243,1344,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 18–21. Sabacon claviger (Menge, 1854), SIZK K-7898, from Rovno amber (Klesov, Pugach quarry, Ukraine), late Eocene. 18 Detail of the body and limbs, dorsal view. 19 Detail of the body and limbs (view from back), showing the opisthosomal dorsum ornamented by regular rows of black thorns (arrowed). 20 Detail of the left pedipalp in ventro-ectal view, showing tibia and tarsus throughout with dense brush-like setae and the tibial long seta (arrowed). Part of the palpal setae are not visible due to amber aberrations—compare with Fig. 21. 21 Detail of the right pedipalp, showing the tibia and tarsus, closer ectal view. Scale bars: 18–19: 1 mm; 20: 0.5 mm; 21: 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928516/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Figs 18–19</figureCitation>
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) has a deformed body (L: 1.5), prosoma width: 1.0. Carapace smooth, with only a few setae. Opisthosomal dorsum ornamented by regular rows of black thorns (
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<figureCitation id="1313ABB50C7971671CDBFC57FB3F41FD" box="[1164,1247,896,922]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–21" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,184,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[243,1344,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 18–21. Sabacon claviger (Menge, 1854), SIZK K-7898, from Rovno amber (Klesov, Pugach quarry, Ukraine), late Eocene. 18 Detail of the body and limbs, dorsal view. 19 Detail of the body and limbs (view from back), showing the opisthosomal dorsum ornamented by regular rows of black thorns (arrowed). 20 Detail of the left pedipalp in ventro-ectal view, showing tibia and tarsus throughout with dense brush-like setae and the tibial long seta (arrowed). Part of the palpal setae are not visible due to amber aberrations—compare with Fig. 21. 21 Detail of the right pedipalp, showing the tibia and tarsus, closer ectal view. Scale bars: 18–19: 1 mm; 20: 0.5 mm; 21: 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928516/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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). Venter: surface of all coxae, genital operculum and sternites with a black spine-like setae; ocular tubercle: length 0.25, and width 0.375. Appendage article lengths: chelicerae: basal segment: 0.25, distal segment: 0.67, movable digit: 0.3; pedipalps: Fe: 0.62, Pa: 0.57, Ti: 0.92, Ta: 0.37; Leg I: Fe: 1.0, Pa: 0.5, Ti: 1.12, Mt: 1.45, Ta: 1.55; Leg II: Fe: 1.7, Pa: 0.62, Ti: 1.97, Mt: 2.32, Ta: 3.2; Leg III: Fe: 1.0, Pa: 0.42, Ti: 1.0, Mt: 1.62; Leg IV: Fe: 0.92, Pa: 0.45; part of the segments could not be measured correctly. Pedipalps inflated (
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<figureCitation id="1313ABB50C7971671BD2FBE3FBE94629" box="[901,1033,1076,1102]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–21" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,184,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[243,1344,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 18–21. Sabacon claviger (Menge, 1854), SIZK K-7898, from Rovno amber (Klesov, Pugach quarry, Ukraine), late Eocene. 18 Detail of the body and limbs, dorsal view. 19 Detail of the body and limbs (view from back), showing the opisthosomal dorsum ornamented by regular rows of black thorns (arrowed). 20 Detail of the left pedipalp in ventro-ectal view, showing tibia and tarsus throughout with dense brush-like setae and the tibial long seta (arrowed). Part of the palpal setae are not visible due to amber aberrations—compare with Fig. 21. 21 Detail of the right pedipalp, showing the tibia and tarsus, closer ectal view. Scale bars: 18–19: 1 mm; 20: 0.5 mm; 21: 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928516/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Figs 20–21</figureCitation>
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), trochanter, femur and patella with scattered spine-like setae; tibia and tarsus throughout with dense brush-like setae—probably plumose glandular as in modern species, see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CAC10C79716719C9FBABFD8E46F0" author="Wolff, J. O. & Schonhofer, A. L. & Martens, J. & Wijnhoven, H. & Taylor, C. K. & Gorb, S. N." box="[414,622,1148,1175]" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" pagination="558 - 601" refId="ref21997" refString="Wolff, J. O., Schonhofer, A. L., Martens, J., Wijnhoven, H., Taylor, C. K. & Gorb, S. N. (2016) The evolution of pedipalps and glandular hairs as predatory devices in harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 177, 558 - 601. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12375" type="journal article" year="2016">
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Wolff
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<emphasis id="B95C6B220C79716719B1FBAAFDFF46F1" box="[486,543,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
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(2016)
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</bibRefCitation>
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—ventro-distally, tibia with a long seta (
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<figureCitation id="1313ABB50C7971671C6BFBABFB7146F1" box="[1084,1169,1148,1174]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–21" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,184,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[243,1344,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 18–21. Sabacon claviger (Menge, 1854), SIZK K-7898, from Rovno amber (Klesov, Pugach quarry, Ukraine), late Eocene. 18 Detail of the body and limbs, dorsal view. 19 Detail of the body and limbs (view from back), showing the opisthosomal dorsum ornamented by regular rows of black thorns (arrowed). 20 Detail of the left pedipalp in ventro-ectal view, showing tibia and tarsus throughout with dense brush-like setae and the tibial long seta (arrowed). Part of the palpal setae are not visible due to amber aberrations—compare with Fig. 21. 21 Detail of the right pedipalp, showing the tibia and tarsus, closer ectal view. Scale bars: 18–19: 1 mm; 20: 0.5 mm; 21: 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928516/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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: arrow). All leg articles with black, scattered spine-like setae; patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi with short setae; tarsi ending with a single claw.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C332E4BB0C7971671890FB3FFD5647F5" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B97B7300C7971671890FB3FFD5647F5" blockId="16.[151,1437,788,1427]" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7971671890FB3FFEDB4765" bold="true" box="[199,315,1256,1282]" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The Eocene localities fit into the present range of
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<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C7971671B3FFB3FFC284765" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" box="[872,968,1256,1282]" class="Arachnida" family="Sabaconidae" genus="Sabacon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7971671B3FFB3FFC284765" box="[872,968,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Sabacon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, namely SW Europe, Siberia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33FF7A00C7971671D4FFB3FFA834765" box="[1304,1379,1256,1282]" name="Russia" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Primorye Province), the Himalayas,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33FF7A00C7971671A58FADBFDAB4741" box="[527,587,1292,1318]" name="India" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33FF7A00C7971671A01FADBFD7C4741" box="[598,668,1292,1318]" name="China" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33FF7A00C7971671AF0FADAFD0A4740" box="[679,746,1293,1319]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33FF7A00C7971671AA3FADAFCD84740" box="[756,824,1293,1319]" name="South Korea" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and North America (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CAC10C7971671C07FADBFB074741" author="Starega, W." box="[1104,1255,1292,1318]" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" pagination="601 - 604" refId="ref21542" refString="Starega, W. (2002) Baltic amber harvestmen (Opiliones) from Polish collections. Annales Zoologici [Polska Akademia Nauk], 52, 601 - 604." type="journal article" year="2002">Staręga 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CAC10C7971671CA6FADAFA714740" author="Martens, J." box="[1265,1425,1292,1319]" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" pagination="167 - 210" refId="ref18457" refString="Martens, J. (2015) Sabacon Simon, 1879 in the Palaearctic: A survey of new and known species from France, Nepal, India, China, Russia and Japan (Arachnida: Opiliones: Sabaconidae). In: Hartmann M. & Weipert J. (Eds), Biodiversitat und Naturausstattung im Himalaya. Band V. Verein der Freunde und Forderer des Naturkundemuseums Erfurt e. V., Erfurt, pp. 167 - 210." type="book chapter" year="2015">Martens 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is noteworthy that the shape of the palpal tibia and tarsus in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C7971671B37FAE7FBC4472D" baseAuthorityName="Menge" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[864,1060,1328,1354]" class="Arachnida" family="Sabaconidae" genus="Sabacon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claviger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7971671B37FAE7FBC4472D" box="[864,1060,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Sabacon claviger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1313ABB50C7971671C63FAE7FB56472D" box="[1076,1206,1328,1354]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–21" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,184,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-18@17.[243,1344,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 18–21. Sabacon claviger (Menge, 1854), SIZK K-7898, from Rovno amber (Klesov, Pugach quarry, Ukraine), late Eocene. 18 Detail of the body and limbs, dorsal view. 19 Detail of the body and limbs (view from back), showing the opisthosomal dorsum ornamented by regular rows of black thorns (arrowed). 20 Detail of the left pedipalp in ventro-ectal view, showing tibia and tarsus throughout with dense brush-like setae and the tibial long seta (arrowed). Part of the palpal setae are not visible due to amber aberrations—compare with Fig. 21. 21 Detail of the right pedipalp, showing the tibia and tarsus, closer ectal view. Scale bars: 18–19: 1 mm; 20: 0.5 mm; 21: 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928516/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Figs 20–21</figureCitation>
|
||
) is closest to that of males of European members of the genus (i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C7971671AFDFA83FB784708" authority="Martens" authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1983" box="[682,1176,1364,1391]" class="Arachnida" family="Sabaconidae" genus="Sabacon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="viscayanum" subSpecies="ramblaianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7971671AFDFA83FBD54709" box="[682,1077,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Sabacon viscayanum ramblaianum</emphasis>
|
||
Martens
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C7971671C98FA83FEA347F4" authority="Martens" authorityName="Martens" authorityYear="1983" class="Arachnida" family="Sabaconidae" genus="Sabacon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altomontanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C7971671C98FA83FF3D47F5" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="59">Sabacon altomontanum</emphasis>
|
||
Martens
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CAC10C79716719D2FAAEFDC447F5" author="Martens, J." box="[389,548,1400,1427]" pageId="16" pageNumber="59" pagination="265 - 296" refId="ref18398" refString="Martens, J. (1983) Europaische Arten der Gattung Sabacon Simon 1879 (Arachnida: Opiliones: Sabaconidae). Senckenbergiana biologica, 63, 265 - 296." type="journal article" year="1983">Martens 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 32, 48).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |