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<document id="BCAD98954617A55F735E683E7E52CB5C" ID-CLB-Dataset="53643" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.542.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="282b16de-15c7-4edc-9b01-9f5897706be9" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6413545" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1649141098787" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Oliveira, Anabela Silveira De, Pontes, Rodrigo Corrêa, Robaina, Luis Eduardo De Souza &amp; Trentin, Romário" docDate="2022" docId="916987BDFF99FFF7A3E3BBE4FD1CF31B" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.542.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 542 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.2.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Frailea Britton &amp; Rose 1922" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="161" masterDocId="6D50FFC5FF9EFFFFA36BBB7AFFD5F23F" masterDocTitle="The Cactaceae family in the Santa Maria river basin (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil)" masterLastPageNumber="166" masterPageNumber="153" pageNumber="160" updateTime="1699319288531" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="A62BE3536D29DB0560F3DD6668D73C55">The Cactaceae family in the Santa Maria river basin (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="834302125528BA5D28D95EAF395E0E29">Oliveira, Anabela Silveira De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="81294A415AED74195124F9ACE3069526">Centro Universitário da Região da Campanha - URCAMP. Programa de Pós-graduação em Geografia / UFSM - Instituto de Geociências / IG / UFSM - Santa Maria, RS. &amp; anabela. biol @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0428 - 9986</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3D86E7B857569E4B17E4BA9711689EA6">Pontes, Rodrigo Corrêa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D71F3AAB8627DD1AB021AEEB1B268EFD">Programa de Pós-graduação em Geografia / UFSM - Instituto de Geociências / IG / UFSM - Santa Maria, RS. &amp; rodrigocorreapontes @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2808 - 3835</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="60A8F91EE8462ECCE05848E92C710CCA" type="email">rodrigocorreapontes@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="09BD46A61B1EBFC909F4E49EB5AD304C">Robaina, Luis Eduardo De Souza</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="05AD77D3B2D23F719F1C5824EA435C39" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2390-6417</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="12BF3D134D5E05DDE332B6C939E41115">LAGEOLAM / UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - Programa de Pós-graduação em Geografia / UFSM - Instituto de Geociências / IG / UFSM - Santa Maria, RS. &amp; lesrobaina @ yahoo. com. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2390 - 6417</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="24653BB656DBD05903C59160BD1B499F" type="email">lesrobaina@yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="ED4373B5856E3863DB92EE32CFF395B9">Trentin, Romário</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FF82D52B5E3D91C220335EBA0B402945">LAGEOLAM / UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - Programa de Pós-graduação em Geografia / UFSM - Instituto de Geociências / IG / UFSM - Santa Maria, RS. &amp; romario. trentin @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0615 - 2801</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9AB9BDED97F95F0A025AE83835F132DA" type="email">romario.trentin@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="ADDD4417C1648D2636C90D506EF99D95">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DDC06E0D86072837F83D01BA54BF0EA1">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AE33800D245ABDBB59AB88B72DAFC951">542</mods:number>
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<treatment id="916987BDFF99FFF7A3E3BBE4FD1CF31B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415639" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194464370" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6415639" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:916987BDFF99FFF7A3E3BBE4FD1CF31B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/916987BDFF99FFF7A3E3BBE4FD1CF31B" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<subSubSection id="51DA6520FF99FFF8A3E3BBE4FDE3F287" box="[136,566,158,185]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="197F36ABFF99FFF8A3E3BBE4FDE3F287" blockId="7.[136,981,158,220]" box="[136,566,158,185]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<heading id="423781C7FF99FFF8A3E3BBE4FDE3F287" box="[136,566,158,185]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" reason="4">
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A3E3BBE4FF48F287" bold="true" box="[136,157,158,184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DEC04D28FF99FFF8A3CFBBE4FDE3F287" ID-CoL="4KYS" authority="Britton &amp; Rose (1922: 208)" authorityName="Britton &amp; Rose" authorityPageNumber="208" authorityYear="1922" box="[164,566,158,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Frailea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A3CFBBE4FF2FF286" bold="true" box="[164,250,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Frailea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7D514B5AFF99FFF8A26ABBE4FDE3F287" author="Britton, N. L. &amp; Rose, J. N." box="[257,566,158,185]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" refId="ref7972" refString="Britton, N. L. &amp; Rose, J. N. (1922) The Cactaceae. Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family, vols. 3 - 4 Carnegie Institution, Washington, 322 pp." type="book" year="1922">Britton &amp; Rose (1922: 208)</bibRefCitation>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="51DA6520FF99FFF8A3E3BBBCFD5BF3AF" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="197F36ABFF99FFF8A3E3BBBCFC00F2E4" blockId="7.[136,981,158,220]" box="[136,981,198,220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A3E3BBBCFF6FF2E4" bold="true" box="[136,186,198,219]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<typeStatus id="C67B8809FF99FFF8A3E3BBBCFF6FF2E4" box="[136,186,198,219]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Type</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(designated by
<bibRefCitation id="7D514B5AFF99FFF8A238BBBCFD9BF2E3" author="Britton, N. L. &amp; Rose, J. N." box="[339,590,198,220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" refId="ref7972" refString="Britton, N. L. &amp; Rose, J. N. (1922) The Cactaceae. Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family, vols. 3 - 4 Carnegie Institution, Washington, 322 pp." type="book" year="1922">Britton &amp; Rose 1922: 210</bibRefCitation>
):—
<taxonomicName id="DEC04D28FF99FFF8A118BBBCFC00F2E4" authority="Britton &amp; Rose." authorityName="Britton &amp; Rose." box="[627,981,198,220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Frailea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cataphracta">
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A118BBBCFCE0F2E4" box="[627,821,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Frailea cataphracta</emphasis>
Britton &amp; Rose.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="197F36ABFF99FFF8A3E3BA70FD7FF377" blockId="7.[136,1452,266,581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A3E3BA70FEBBF31B" bold="true" box="[136,366,266,292]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Species richness:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DEC04D28FF99FFF8A205BA70FE17F31B" authorityName="Britton &amp; Rose" authorityYear="1922" box="[366,450,266,292]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Frailea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A205BA70FE17F31B" box="[366,450,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Frailea</emphasis>
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comprises 19 species according to
<bibRefCitation id="7D514B5AFF99FFF8A038BA70FC2FF31B" author="Gerloff, N." box="[851,1018,266,292]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" pagination="138 - 147" refId="ref8364" refString="Gerloff, N. (2001) Frailea densispina (Hofacker &amp; Herm) N. Gerloff, Comb. &amp; Stat. Nov. Cactus &amp; Co 3 (5): 138 - 147." type="journal article" year="2001">Gerloff (2001)</bibRefCitation>
. Twelve are endemic, recognized only for
<collectingRegion id="DB04F849FF99FFF8A3DBBA54FE15F377" box="[176,448,302,328]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Rio Grande do Sul State</collectingRegion>
(Pontes
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A149BA55FD8FF377" box="[546,602,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
2018).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="197F36ABFF99FFF8A3D6BA28FD5BF3AF" blockId="7.[136,1452,266,581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A3D6BA28FE02F353" bold="true" box="[189,471,338,364]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">General distribution:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DEC04D28FF99FFF8A2BCBA28FDFEF353" authorityName="Britton &amp; Rose" authorityYear="1922" box="[471,555,338,364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Frailea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A2BCBA28FDFEF353" box="[471,555,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Frailea</emphasis>
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has a restricted geographical distribution to southern
<collectingCountry id="61D7763BFF99FFF8A714BA28FB13F353" box="[1151,1222,338,364]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="61D7763BFF99FFF8A7BABA29FAEFF352" box="[1233,1338,339,365]" name="Paraguay" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="61D7763BFF99FFF8A62FBA29FA72F352" box="[1348,1447,339,365]" name="Uruguay" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
, southeastern
<collectingCountry id="61D7763BFF99FFF8A270BA0CFEA5F3AF" box="[283,368,374,400]" name="Bolivia" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, and northeast
<collectingCountry id="61D7763BFF99FFF8A17CBA0CFD5FF3AF" box="[535,650,374,400]" name="Argentina" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Argentina</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="51DA6520FF99FFF7A3D6BAE0FD1CF31B" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="197F36ABFF99FFF8A3D6BAE0FCDEF07A" blockId="7.[136,1452,266,581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A3D6BAE0FD6AF38B" bold="true" box="[189,703,410,436]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Distribution in Santa Maria river basin:—</emphasis>
In SMRB occur nine species,
<taxonomicName id="DEC04D28FF99FFF8A77EBAE0FB0DF38B" box="[1045,1240,410,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Frailea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albifusca">
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A77EBAE0FB0DF38B" box="[1045,1240,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Frailea albifusca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (
<figureCitation id="81FB2A2EFF99FFF8A784BAE0FA93F38B" box="[1263,1350,410,436]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[306,1282,609,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-168@7.[302,1286,605,1916]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. A) Cereus hildmaninanus (whitish-pink flowers). B) Echinopsis oxygona (pink flowers). C) Frailea albifusca. D) Frailea castanea. E) Frailea albifusca.F) Frailea lepida.G) Frailea mammifera. H) Frailea pumila. I) Frailea pygmaea.J) Frailea erythracantha K) Gymnocalycium denudatum (white flowers). L) Gymnocalycium uruguayense (yellow flowers). Pictures by A. S. Oliveira." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415611/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="81FB2A2EFF99FFF8A614BAE0FF7CF3E7" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[306,1282,609,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-168@7.[302,1286,605,1916]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. A) Cereus hildmaninanus (whitish-pink flowers). B) Echinopsis oxygona (pink flowers). C) Frailea albifusca. D) Frailea castanea. E) Frailea albifusca.F) Frailea lepida.G) Frailea mammifera. H) Frailea pumila. I) Frailea pygmaea.J) Frailea erythracantha K) Gymnocalycium denudatum (white flowers). L) Gymnocalycium uruguayense (yellow flowers). Pictures by A. S. Oliveira." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415611/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="DEC04D28FF99FFF8A3D7BAC5FD95F3E6" authority="Backeberg (1936: 415)" authorityName="Backeberg" authorityPageNumber="415" authorityYear="1936" box="[188,576,446,473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Frailea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="castanea">
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A3D7BAC5FEEFF3E7" box="[188,314,447,472]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">F. castanea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7D514B5AFF99FFF8A22BBAC4FD95F3E6" author="Backeberg, C." box="[320,576,446,473]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" pagination="415" refId="ref7724" refString="Backeberg, C. (1936) Frailea castanea Bckbg. sp. n. In: Backeberg, C. &amp; Knuth, F. M. (Eds.) Kaktus ABC. Gyldendals Forlagstrykkeri, Kobenhavn, p. 415." type="book chapter" year="1936">Backeberg (1936: 415)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="81FB2A2EFF99FFF8A125BAC4FD73F3E7" box="[590,678,446,472]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[306,1282,609,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-168@7.[302,1286,605,1916]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. A) Cereus hildmaninanus (whitish-pink flowers). B) Echinopsis oxygona (pink flowers). C) Frailea albifusca. D) Frailea castanea. E) Frailea albifusca.F) Frailea lepida.G) Frailea mammifera. H) Frailea pumila. I) Frailea pygmaea.J) Frailea erythracantha K) Gymnocalycium denudatum (white flowers). L) Gymnocalycium uruguayense (yellow flowers). Pictures by A. S. Oliveira." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415611/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="DEC04D28FF99FFF8A1D1BAC5FB5AF3E6" authority="Buining &amp; Brederoo (1973: 106)" authorityName="Buining &amp; Brederoo" authorityPageNumber="106" authorityYear="1973" box="[698,1167,446,473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Frailea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lepida">
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A1D1BAC5FCCFF3E7" box="[698,794,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">F. lepida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7D514B5AFF99FFF8A04BBAC4FB5AF3E6" author="Buining, A. F. H. &amp; Brederoo, A. J." box="[800,1167,446,473]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" refId="ref8048" refString="Buining, A. F. H. &amp; Brederoo, A. J. (1973) Frailea lepida Buining et Brederoo spec. nov. Kakteen 54: CVIe." type="book" year="1973">Buining &amp; Brederoo (1973: 106)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, (
<figureCitation id="81FB2A2EFF99FFF8A7C9BAC4FB22F3E7" box="[1186,1271,446,472]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[306,1282,609,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-168@7.[302,1286,605,1916]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. A) Cereus hildmaninanus (whitish-pink flowers). B) Echinopsis oxygona (pink flowers). C) Frailea albifusca. D) Frailea castanea. E) Frailea albifusca.F) Frailea lepida.G) Frailea mammifera. H) Frailea pumila. I) Frailea pygmaea.J) Frailea erythracantha K) Gymnocalycium denudatum (white flowers). L) Gymnocalycium uruguayense (yellow flowers). Pictures by A. S. Oliveira." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415611/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="DEC04D28FF99FFF8A661BAC5FA70F3E7" box="[1290,1445,446,472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Frailea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mammifera">
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A661BAC5FA70F3E7" box="[1290,1445,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">F. mammifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (
<figureCitation id="81FB2A2EFF99FFF8A3FBBA98FF39F3C3" box="[144,236,482,508]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[306,1282,609,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-168@7.[302,1286,605,1916]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. A) Cereus hildmaninanus (whitish-pink flowers). B) Echinopsis oxygona (pink flowers). C) Frailea albifusca. D) Frailea castanea. E) Frailea albifusca.F) Frailea lepida.G) Frailea mammifera. H) Frailea pumila. I) Frailea pygmaea.J) Frailea erythracantha K) Gymnocalycium denudatum (white flowers). L) Gymnocalycium uruguayense (yellow flowers). Pictures by A. S. Oliveira." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415611/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="DEC04D28FF99FFF8A26ABA99FC43F3C3" authority="(Lemaire 1838: 21) Britton &amp; Rose (1922: 209)" authorityName="Britton &amp; Rose" authorityPageNumber="209" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Lemaire" baseAuthorityPageNumber="21" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[257,918,482,509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Frailea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumila">
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A26ABA99FEB8F3C3" box="[257,365,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">F. pumila</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7D514B5AFF99FFF8A217BA98FD9CF3C3" author="Lemaire, C." box="[380,585,482,508]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" refId="ref8827" refString="Lemaire, C. (1838) Echinocactus pumilus. Cactearum aliquot novarum acinsuetarum in hortomonvilliano cultarumaccurata descriptio. Lutetiae-Parisiorum, Paris, 40 pp." type="book" year="1838">Lemaire 1838: 21</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="7D514B5AFF99FFF8A131BA98FC43F3C3" author="Britton, N. L. &amp; Rose, J. N." box="[602,918,482,509]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" refId="ref7972" refString="Britton, N. L. &amp; Rose, J. N. (1922) The Cactaceae. Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family, vols. 3 - 4 Carnegie Institution, Washington, 322 pp." type="book" year="1922">Britton &amp; Rose (1922: 209)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="81FB2A2EFF99FFF8A0CCBA98FBD6F3C3" box="[935,1027,482,508]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[306,1282,609,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-168@7.[302,1286,605,1916]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. A) Cereus hildmaninanus (whitish-pink flowers). B) Echinopsis oxygona (pink flowers). C) Frailea albifusca. D) Frailea castanea. E) Frailea albifusca.F) Frailea lepida.G) Frailea mammifera. H) Frailea pumila. I) Frailea pygmaea.J) Frailea erythracantha K) Gymnocalycium denudatum (white flowers). L) Gymnocalycium uruguayense (yellow flowers). Pictures by A. S. Oliveira." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415611/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="DEC04D28FF99FFF8A773BA99FE16F01F" authority="(Spegazzini 1905: 497) Britton &amp; Rose (1922: 210)" authorityName="Britton &amp; Rose" authorityPageNumber="210" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Spegazzini" baseAuthorityPageNumber="497" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Frailea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A773BA99FB4FF3C3" box="[1048,1178,483,508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">F. pygmaea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7D514B5AFF99FFF8A7C1BA98FA71F3C3" author="Spegazzini, C. L." box="[1194,1444,482,509]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" pagination="477 - 521" refId="ref10223" refString="Spegazzini, C. L. (1905) Cactacearum Platensium Tentamen. Anales Del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires 11: 477 - 521. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9303" type="journal article" year="1905">Spegazzini 1905: 497</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="7D514B5AFF99FFF8A3E3B97CFE16F01F" author="Britton, N. L. &amp; Rose, J. N." box="[136,451,518,545]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" refId="ref7972" refString="Britton, N. L. &amp; Rose, J. N. (1922) The Cactaceae. Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family, vols. 3 - 4 Carnegie Institution, Washington, 322 pp." type="book" year="1922">Britton &amp; Rose (1922: 210)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="81FB2A2EFF99FFF8A2BFB97CFDF6F01F" box="[468,547,518,544]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[306,1282,609,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-168@7.[302,1286,605,1916]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. A) Cereus hildmaninanus (whitish-pink flowers). B) Echinopsis oxygona (pink flowers). C) Frailea albifusca. D) Frailea castanea. E) Frailea albifusca.F) Frailea lepida.G) Frailea mammifera. H) Frailea pumila. I) Frailea pygmaea.J) Frailea erythracantha K) Gymnocalycium denudatum (white flowers). L) Gymnocalycium uruguayense (yellow flowers). Pictures by A. S. Oliveira." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415611/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Fig. 2I</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="DEC04D28FF99FFF8A152B97DFB26F01F" authority="R. Pontes, A. S. Oliveira &amp; Deble (2018: 202)" authorityName="R. Pontes, A. S. Oliveira &amp; Deble" authorityPageNumber="202" authorityYear="2018" box="[569,1267,518,545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Frailea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erythracantha">
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A152B97DFD20F01F" box="[569,757,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">F. erythracantha</emphasis>
R.Pontes, A.S.Oliveira &amp; Deble (2018: 202)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="81FB2A2EFF99FFF8A66FB97CFA80F01F" box="[1284,1365,518,544]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[306,1282,609,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-168@7.[302,1286,605,1916]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. A) Cereus hildmaninanus (whitish-pink flowers). B) Echinopsis oxygona (pink flowers). C) Frailea albifusca. D) Frailea castanea. E) Frailea albifusca.F) Frailea lepida.G) Frailea mammifera. H) Frailea pumila. I) Frailea pygmaea.J) Frailea erythracantha K) Gymnocalycium denudatum (white flowers). L) Gymnocalycium uruguayense (yellow flowers). Pictures by A. S. Oliveira." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415611/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Fig. 2J</figureCitation>
), in the study area, these species usually grow on rocky outcrops.
</paragraph>
<caption id="4DBF6623FF99FFF8A3E3BCEEFA95F5CC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6415611" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6415611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6415611/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" startId="7.[136,229,1940,1962]" targetBox="[306,1282,609,1912]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="197F36ABFF99FFF8A3E3BCEEFA95F5CC" blockId="7.[136,1451,1940,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A3E3BCEEFF2AF596" bold="true" box="[136,255,1940,1962]" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
A)
<taxonomicName id="DEC04D28FF99FFF8A24DBCEFFDD5F595" box="[294,512,1941,1962]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Cereus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hildmaninanus">
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A24DBCEFFDD5F595" box="[294,512,1941,1962]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Cereus hildmaninanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(whitish-pink flowers). B)
<taxonomicName id="DEC04D28FF99FFF8A066BCEFFC1BF595" box="[781,974,1941,1962]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Echinopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oxygona">
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A066BCEFFC1BF595" box="[781,974,1941,1962]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Echinopsis oxygona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pink flowers). C)
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A7E6BCEFFAE9F595" box="[1165,1340,1941,1962]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="DEC04D28FF99FFF8A7E6BCEFFAEDF595" box="[1165,1336,1941,1962]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Frailea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albifusca">Frailea albifusca</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
D)
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A608BCEFFF31F5F1" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="DEC04D28FF99FFF8A608BCEFFF35F5F1" authorityName="Backeberg" authorityYear="1936" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Frailea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="castanea">Frailea castanea</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
E)
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A26FBCC3FE65F5F1" box="[260,432,1977,1998]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="DEC04D28FF99FFF8A26FBCC3FE79F5F1" box="[260,428,1977,1998]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Frailea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="albifusca">Frailea albifusca</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
F)
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A2A5BCC3FD8BF5F1" box="[462,606,1977,1998]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="DEC04D28FF99FFF8A2A5BCC3FD8FF5F1" authorityName="Buining &amp; Brederoo" authorityYear="1973" box="[462,602,1977,1998]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Frailea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lepida">Frailea lepida</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
G)
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A1EBBCC3FC94F5F1" box="[640,833,1977,1998]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="DEC04D28FF99FFF8A1EBBCC3FCE8F5F1" box="[640,829,1977,1998]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Frailea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mammifera">Frailea mammifera</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
H)
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A008BCC3FC2CF5F1" box="[867,1017,1977,1998]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="DEC04D28FF99FFF8A008BCC3FC23F5F1" authorityName="Britton &amp; Rose" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Lemaire" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[867,1014,1977,1998]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Frailea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pumila">Frailea pumila</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
I)
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A779BCC3FB68F5F1" box="[1042,1213,1977,1998]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="DEC04D28FF99FFF8A779BCC3FB6CF5F1" authorityName="Britton &amp; Rose" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Spegazzini" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[1042,1209,1977,1998]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Frailea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pygmaea">Frailea pygmaea</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
J)
<taxonomicName id="DEC04D28FF99FFF8A7BCBCC3FA7EF5F1" authorityName="R. Pontes, A. S. Oliveira &amp; Deble" authorityYear="2018" box="[1239,1451,1977,1998]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Frailea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erythracantha">
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A7BCBCC3FA7EF5F1" box="[1239,1451,1977,1998]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Frailea erythracantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
K)
<taxonomicName id="DEC04D28FF99FFF8A3CCBCA7FE61F5CD" authorityName="Pfeiffer ex Mittler" authorityYear="1844" baseAuthorityName="Link &amp; Otto" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[167,436,2013,2034]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Gymnocalycium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="denudatum">
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A3CCBCA7FE61F5CD" box="[167,436,2013,2034]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Gymnocalycium denudatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(white flowers). L)
<taxonomicName id="DEC04D28FF99FFF8A11DBCA7FC46F5CD" authorityName="Britton &amp; Rose" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="Arechavaletae" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[630,915,2013,2034]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Gymnocalycium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uruguayense">
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF99FFF8A11DBCA7FC46F5CD" box="[630,915,2013,2034]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="160">Gymnocalycium uruguayense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(yellow flowers). Pictures by A. S. Oliveira.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="197F36ABFF96FFF7A3D6BBE4FD1CF31B" blockId="8.[136,1452,158,293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="2BB4EAB9FF96FFF7A3D6BBE4FE14F287" bold="true" box="[189,449,158,184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="161">Morphologic notes:—</emphasis>
They are tiny plants less than
<quantity id="DE389B4EFF96FFF7A061BBE4FC95F286" box="[778,832,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="161" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
in diameter, sometimes solitary, globular to cylindrical. Undeveloped ribs and very small straight or curved thorns. Flowers very ephemeral, l cleistogamous or casmogamous, yellow or cream-yellow, dense woolly floral bracts and many bristles. Dried fruit with many seeds up to
<quantity id="DE389B4EFF96FFF7A674BB9CFABEF33E" box="[1311,1387,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="161" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
long. They usually bloom in summer and fruit soon after.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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