141 lines
14 KiB
XML
141 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document id="C5745896C572D3519845E11F8C813800" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.246331" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8bc74a10-7de0-4e39-8fc6-142a14d01b07" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="246331" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460513276238" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W. & Congdon, Colin E." docDate="2012" docId="03AB4D687B79D20BFF6FF8BDFB65FEF3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03438p042.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3438" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Parnara Moore 1881" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FF9235107B64D215FFF8FF93FFC9FF97" masterDocTitle="Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 4. Hesperiinae: Aeromachini and Baorini" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1698313706351" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="5A95334429272CA01FF7C14310B33F47" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="6CCD933442BB9023BACFB2681D5E66EA">
|
||
<mods:title id="8A38054A7FE35346863D1E722F765543">Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 4. Hesperiinae: Aeromachini and Baorini</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="75A38714A9301C01ED443D28DC4E51BC" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="0615CB0B9312CAFC1E319985108A1B5B">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="BE3E7E3FF15F7E19BEBEEC2AF42102BE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="7597F13A6E7E801017D8799CCEFF5004">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="38504C3741E4486ED5AE4B5EFA84AC2E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="4C64A6EA8CDEF9A1960F8F756B70F3B2">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="FB75547EF7B71CF40452A5F487090E45">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5A35749864B8B6962F3CE891C5802618">Congdon, Colin E.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="C799625F11A72E171A9C04651AE1DF1C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="4705EAFC2BACF1F44BA2D25C3F18FCF7" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="2A324D00ACC72F223421F6F6B4D33CBD">
|
||
<mods:title id="B891E29C55436F9FEE393656DE5005A7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="A34A00B5B6D07592AF2755CB865EFA50">
|
||
<mods:date id="1E36051F92283277B528984703136231">2012</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="6764C69D3B754C4B39C25F777F16D96C" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="6014996C54D53CE01ECA3F6D056EB318">3438</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="9B2DE379F1AFB9A8A206DF10A3320098" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="EE93CB8320BBBCAA604853BA519D3EC5">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="2604E6CFEDF5397B564D42CB624E3FDD">42</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="EF32E92728D4435F5ACEF809D6C60790">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="785D43519E752BEEC28ECC176361F48D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.246331</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="83AC4C3D02B1EBF27C49AA63DD66C178" type="GBIF-Dataset">8bc74a10-7de0-4e39-8fc6-142a14d01b07</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E2EB09817632FA41F7D042437AE59D24" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="687BEBFA72FD8ED698C3733D9A7BD875" type="Zenodo-Dep">246331</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03AB4D687B79D20BFF6FF8BDFB65FEF3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5680682" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119523681" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5680682" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB4D687B79D20BFF6FF8BDFB65FEF3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB4D687B79D20BFF6FF8BDFB65FEF3" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C318AFF57B79D20BFF6FF8BDFB65FEF3" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDFC7E7B79D208FF6FF8BDFD7EF8DF" blockId="29.[151,1436,1838,2005]" box="[151,695,1838,1864]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<heading id="D0F54B127B79D208FF6FF8BDFD7EF8DF" bold="true" box="[151,695,1838,1864]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976206C7B79D208FF6FF8BDFD7EF8DF" bold="true" box="[151,695,1838,1864]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0287FD7B79D208FF6FF8BDFE57F8DF" ID-CoL="92J9S" authority="Moore, 1881" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,414,1838,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parnara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976206C7B79D208FF6FF8BDFF35F8DF" bold="true" box="[151,252,1838,1864]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Parnara</emphasis>
|
||
Moore, 1881
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93818F7B79D208FE28F8BDFDADF8DF" author="Moore" box="[464,612,1838,1864]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Moore, F. (1880 - 1881) Lepidoptera of Ceylon. Vol. 1. L. Reeve and Co., London, 190 pp." type="book" year="1880">
|
||
Moore
|
||
<date id="FFBCDABE7B79D208FDD1F8BDFDADF8DF" box="[553,612,1838,1864]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1880" valueMax="1881">1880</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1881)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDFC7E7B79D20BFF6FF8C1FB12FF43" blockId="29.[151,1436,1838,2005]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1436,151,356]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93818F7B79D208FF6FF8C1FEE2F8FE" author="Moore" box="[151,299,1873,1897]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Moore, F. (1880 - 1881) Lepidoptera of Ceylon. Vol. 1. L. Reeve and Co., London, 190 pp." type="book" year="1880">
|
||
Moore (
|
||
<date id="FFBCDABE7B79D208FF08F8C2FEE2F8FE" box="[240,299,1873,1897]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1880" valueMax="1881">1880</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
-1881) established this genus for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0287FD7B79D208FD63F8C1FC13F8FE" authority="Bremer & Gray" authorityName="Bremer & Gray" box="[667,986,1873,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parnara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976206C7B79D208FD63F8C1FCD9F8FE" box="[667,784,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. guttatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Bremer & Gray)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a well known minor pest of rice in Asia (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93818F7B79D208FF20F8E6FE73F81A" author="Grist" box="[216,442,1909,1933]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Grist, D. H. & Lever, R. J. A. W. (1969) Pests of Rice. Longmans, London, 520 pp." type="book" year="1969">Grist & Lever 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), for which the life history is well documented (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93818F7B79D208FBEBF8E6FAC2F81A" author="Bascombe" box="[1043,1291,1909,1933]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Bascombe, M. J., Johnston, G. & Bascombe, F. S. (1999) The butterflies of Hong Kong. Academic Press, London, xiii + 422 pp, 222 plates." type="book" year="1999">
|
||
Bascombe
|
||
<emphasis id="B976206C7B79D208FB77F8E5FB08F81A" box="[1167,1217,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The genus was reviewed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93818F7B79D208FE98F80AFD9AF826" author="Chiba" box="[352,595,1945,1969]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Chiba, H. & Eliot, J. N. (1991) A revision of the genus Parnara (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), with special reference to the Asian species. Tyo to Ga, 42, 179 - 194." type="journal article" year="1991">Chiba & Eliot (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mainly based on the male genitalia, and they consider that there are nine species, of which two are African:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0287FD7B79D208FDD6F82DFCC2F842" authority="Trimen" authorityName="Trimen" box="[558,779,1981,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parnara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976206C7B79D208FDD6F82DFD54F842" box="[558,669,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. monasi</emphasis>
|
||
(Trimen)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from mainland Africa, and nominate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0287FD7B79D208FB3CF82DFA55F842" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[1220,1436,1981,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parnara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naso">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976206C7B79D208FB3CF82DFADEF842" box="[1220,1303,1982,2005]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. naso</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F315BCEE7B7AD20BFF2FFF04FE8DFF38" box="[215,324,151,175]" name="Mauritius" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F315BCEE7B7AD20BFE55FF04FDE1FF38" box="[429,552,151,175]" name="Seychelles" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
, with ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B976206C7B7AD20BFD5EFF0BFD3CFF27" box="[678,757,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">bigutta</emphasis>
|
||
Evans 1937 from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F315BCEE7B7AD20BFC28FF0BFB9FFF38" box="[976,1110,151,175]" name="Réunion" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">La Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
and ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B976206C7B7AD20BFB30FF0AFAE8FF27" box="[1224,1313,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">poutieri</emphasis>
|
||
Boisduval from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F315BCEE7B7AD20BFF2CFF2FFE92FF43" box="[212,347,188,212]" name="Madagascar" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(which T.B. Larsen (pers. comm. 2011) suggests is likely to be a valid species).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBDFC7E7B7AD20BFF3FFF4CFB65FEF3" blockId="30.[151,1436,151,356]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93818F7B7AD20BFF3FFF4CFEB7FF60" author="Williams" box="[199,382,223,247]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Williams, J. R. (1989) Butterflies of Mauritius. The author, Mauritius, 41 pp." type="book" year="1989">Williams (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
records that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0287FD7B7AD20BFDE8FF72FD55FF6F" box="[528,668,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parnara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="naso" subSpecies="naso">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976206C7B7AD20BFDE8FF72FD55FF6F" box="[528,668,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. naso naso</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeds on sugar cane and other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0287FD7B7AD20BFC0FFF73FB9AFF60" box="[1015,1107,224,247]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F315BCEE7B7AD20BFB8EFF4CFB2FFF60" box="[1142,1254,223,247]" name="Mauritius" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
, although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93818F7B7AD20BFAA2FF4CFE9DFE8B" author="Davis" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Davis, P. M. H. & Barnes, M. J. C. (1993) The butterflies of Mauritius. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 30 (1991), 145 - 161." type="journal article" year="1993">Davis & Barnes (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
give only sugar cane, while
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93818F7B7AD20BFD62FE97FCACFE8B" author="Guillermet" box="[666,869,260,284]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Guillermet, C. (2011) Les papillons diurnes de La Reunion. http: // christian. guillermet. perso. neuf. fr / rhopalo. htm (Last accessed 6 Nov 2011)." type="journal article" year="2011">Guillermet (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gives only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0287FD7B7AD20BFC11FE96FAE3FE8B" box="[1001,1322,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Nastus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borbonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976206C7B7AD20BFC11FE96FB79FE8B" box="[1001,1200,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Nastus borbonica</emphasis>
|
||
(Poaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0287FD7B7AD20BFAC5FE96FEE6FED7" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parnara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="naso" subSpecies="poutieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976206C7B7AD20BFAC5FE96FEE6FED7" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Parnara naso poutieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a minor pest of rice in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F315BCEE7B7AD20BFD94FEB4FD3AFEA8" box="[620,755,295,319]" name="Madagascar" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93818F7B7AD20BFCFEFEB4FC52FEA8" author="Frappa" box="[774,923,295,319]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Frappa, C. (1937) Note sur deux especes de Pamphila nuisibles au riz a Madagascar. Riz et Riziculture, 11 (1), 19 - 24." type="journal article" year="1937">Frappa 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93818F7B7AD20BFC52FEB4FBA8FEA8" author="Bouriquet" box="[938,1121,295,319]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Bouriquet, G. (1949) Les maladies cryptogamiques et les principaux ennemis vegetaux et animaux du riz a Madagascar. Agronomie tropicale, 4 (1 - 2), 81 - 89." type="journal article" year="1949">Bouriquet 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We review the available information on the life history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0287FD7B7AD20BFDF5FEDEFDB3FEF3" box="[525,634,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Parnara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B976206C7B7AD20BFDF5FEDEFDB3FEF3" box="[525,634,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. monasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in order to compare it with other African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0287FD7B7AD20BFBA8FEDFFB61FEF3" box="[1104,1192,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Baorini">Baorini</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |