407 lines
48 KiB
XML
407 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="6F6122F11518843CDC62E0247CDD1457" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3734.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9380ae98-0347-44ab-b3d2-a9cfcc2d2a38" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="220044" ID-ZooBank="77A6C886-009B-4525-A800-CE3CC96F252D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460695820181" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wasonga, Domnick V. & Channing, Alan" docDate="2013" docId="03BA87A2FFD56E2AFBB3FB04FD74A1D4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03734p240.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3734 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tomopterna gallmanni Wasonga & Channing, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="232" masterDocId="FF83FFDAFFDD6E21FB24FFD4FFD5A324" masterDocTitle="Identification of sand frogs (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Tomopterna) from Kenya with the description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="240" masterPageNumber="221" pageNumber="229" updateTime="1698353815873" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D6DDA0AD48AC64C8616C70C605C23656">
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<mods:title id="CB6648D249881107213EB30F190C4F6D">Identification of sand frogs (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Tomopterna) from Kenya with the description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1F32A3979E1D8CC00882AA8EB928B1E5">Wasonga, Domnick V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="4127A328FAF80B14CEF43D1217514F69">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8A135BE7FCCD98E7F8FFF545BE32559B">Channing, Alan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="AA902C36A2AD8367925EF3548BF6F03E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="34350C0A0149E92CEA3E5C0B870817A0">
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<mods:date id="EE80C98CD1BE0FEE1C5D295A86596705">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EF11D9BB4DE839B9C1D1A0302E42C4B4">3734</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E09FB13481793E9A614E594E9B818B0A">2</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="4965AF7DEB7FAC1CC8C2B8276E8B2481" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3734.2.7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BA87A2FFD56E2AFBB3FB04FD74A1D4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5624288" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119581875" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5624288" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA87A2FFD56E2AFBB3FB04FD74A1D4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA87A2FFD56E2AFBB3FB04FD74A1D4" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="232" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
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<subSubSection id="C309653FFFD56E29FBB3FB04FE3BA62F" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD56E29FBB3FB04FCF8A7CE" blockId="8.[151,813,1232,1291]" box="[151,813,1232,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
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<heading id="D0E481D8FFD56E29FBB3FB04FCF8A7CE" bold="true" box="[151,813,1232,1258]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD56E29FBB3FB04FCF8A7CE" bold="true" box="[151,813,1232,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD56E29FBB3FB04FE79A7CE" ID-CoL="57DRF" box="[151,428,1232,1258]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gallmanni" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD56E29FBB3FB04FE79A7CE" bold="true" box="[151,428,1232,1258]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Tomopterna gallmanni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457DDFFD56E29FA97FB04FDC5A7CE" box="[435,528,1232,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Wasonga & Channing
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD56E29FBB3FB26FE3BA62F" blockId="8.[151,813,1232,1291]" box="[151,494,1266,1291]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
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Gallmann’s Sand Frog (
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<figureCitation id="13282A31FFD56E29FA86FB26FE30A62F" box="[418,485,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1761,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,303,1736]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tomopterna gallmanni from Laikipia Nature Conservancy, Kenya: dorsolateral views in life (A) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (D) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female; dorsal views in alcohol (B) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (C) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female; ventral views in alcohol (E) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (F) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female; ventral views in life (G) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (H) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220050/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C309653FFFD56E29FBB3FAEEFC6CA46F" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD56E29FBB3FAEEFE20A6BF" blockId="8.[151,1437,1338,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
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<typeStatus id="54A88816FFD56E29FBB3FAEEFED1A677" box="[151,260,1338,1363]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" type="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD56E29FBB3FAEEFED1A677" bold="true" box="[151,260,1338,1363]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Holotype</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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. NMK A/5039/1, an adult male from an artificial water pond, Dam Ya Colin, in Ol Ari Nyiro, Laikipia Nature Conservancy, Laikipia County,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047624FFD56E29F979FA8BFD73A653" box="[605,678,1375,1399]" name="Kenya" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD56E29F99EFA8BFCF2A652" box="[698,807,1375,1399]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="925" value="0.56666666">0° 34’ N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD56E29F813FA8AFC79A653" box="[823,940,1374,1399]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="925" value="36.4">36° 24’ E</geoCoordinate>
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) collected
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<date id="FFAD1074FFD56E29FF14FA8BFB0BA653" box="[1072,1246,1375,1399]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" value="2009-08-03">3 August 2009</date>
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by Domnick V. Wasonga and Michael Roberts.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD56E29FBE3FA72FE6FA5FB" blockId="8.[151,1437,1338,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
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<typeStatus id="54A88816FFD56E29FBE3FA72FEEAA69B" box="[199,319,1446,1471]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" type="paratype">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD56E29FBE3FA72FEEAA69B" bold="true" box="[199,319,1446,1471]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Paratypes</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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. NMK A/5039/2, an adult male and NMK A/5039/3 an adult female collected together with the
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<typeStatus id="54A88816FFD56E29FBB3FA1EFF28A6C7" box="[151,253,1482,1507]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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; NMK A/5154/1, adult female and NMK A/5154/
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<specimenCount id="9D15FD3DFFD56E29F80EFA1EFCA0A6C7" box="[810,885,1482,1507]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" type="adult">2 adult</specimenCount>
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male collected from a pond at Mogwooni Ranch, Laikipia County,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047624FFD56E29FA7DFA3BFE77A523" box="[345,418,1519,1543]" name="Kenya" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD56E29FA95FA3BFDFCA522" box="[433,553,1518,1543]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="92" value="0.24166666">0° 14.5’ N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD56E29F911FA3AFD60A523" box="[565,693,1518,1543]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="92" value="36.976665">36° 58.6’ E</geoCoordinate>
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) on
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<date id="FFAD1074FFD56E29F9C3FA3BFC5BA523" box="[743,910,1518,1543]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">10 and 11 May</date>
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, 2010 by Michael Roberts; NMK A/5045 adult male collected from wooded grassland near Ngare Ndare Forest, Lewa Wildlife Conservancy, Lakipia County,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047624FFD56E29FBB3F9E3FF35A56B" box="[151,224,1591,1615]" name="Kenya" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD56E29FBD0F9E3FE5CA56A" box="[244,393,1591,1615]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="15" value="0.15277779">0° 09’10” N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD56E29FABDF9E3FDEDA56B" box="[409,568,1590,1615]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="15" value="37.43778">37° 26’16” E</geoCoordinate>
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); NMK A/5151/1-3, three sub-adults dug from the soil on the banks of a seasonal stream in Baawa village near Maralal, Isiolo County,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047624FFD56E29F843F98FFC65A557" box="[871,944,1627,1651]" name="Kenya" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD56E29F8E7F98FFB88A556" box="[963,1117,1626,1651]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="15" value="0.045833334">0° 02’ 45” N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD56E29FF4FF98EFADBA557" box="[1131,1294,1626,1651]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="15" value="36.815277">36° 48’ 55” E</geoCoordinate>
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) collected
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<date id="FFAD1074FFD56E29FEAAF98EFF18A5B2" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">5 June</date>
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, 2010 by Domnick V. Wasonga, Michael Roberts and Victoria Zero; NMK A/5159, subadult from the roadside, between Baragoi and South Horr, Samburu County,
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<collectingCountry id="F3047624FFD56E29F86EF977FC46A59F" box="[842,915,1699,1723]" name="Kenya" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD56E29F886F977FBE2A59E" box="[930,1079,1698,1723]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="9" value="1.346">01° 20.76’ N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD56E29FF67F976FB11A59F" box="[1091,1220,1698,1723]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="92" value="36.885">36° 53.1’ E</geoCoordinate>
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) collected
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<date id="FFAD1074FFD56E29FE1BF977FA4DA59E" box="[1343,1432,1699,1723]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" value="1920-06">20 June</date>
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, 2010 by Michael Roberts.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD56E29FBE3F93EFC6CA46F" blockId="8.[151,1437,1338,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD56E29FBE3F93EFD82A427" bold="true" box="[199,599,1770,1795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Material used for genetic analysis</emphasis>
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. NMK A/5154/1, NMK A/5045 (one male from Mogwooni Ranch), NMK A/5039/2 (one male from Laikipia Nature Conservancy), NMK A/5151/1 (one sub-adult from Baawa Village, Maralal) and NMK A/5159 (sub-adult from Baragoi-South Horr Road).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C309653FFFD56E28FBE3F882FC75A732" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD56E29FBE3F882FA48A4FF" blockId="8.[151,1437,1338,2011]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD56E29FBE3F882FEEFA44B" bold="true" box="[199,314,1878,1903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Based on both morphological similarities and phylogenetic affinities that place
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD56E29FFC5F883FAA5A44B" box="[1249,1392,1878,1903]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gallmanni" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD56E29FFC5F883FAA5A44B" box="[1249,1392,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">T. gallmanni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457DDFFD56E29FE5EF882FF1DA4B7" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD56E29FE5EF882FF1DA4B7" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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within the clade that includes all other
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD56E29F98CF8A8FCFBA4B7" box="[680,814,1916,1939]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD56E29F98CF8A8FCFBA4B7" box="[680,814,1916,1939]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Tomopterna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, we assign the new taxon to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD56E29FE2AF8A8FA41A4B7" box="[1294,1428,1916,1939]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD56E29FE2AF8A8FA41A4B7" box="[1294,1428,1916,1939]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Tomopterna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Appendices 3 and 4 give a summary of morphological features as well as interspecific comparisons. This species can be distinguished from other
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD56E29FADBF810FD50A4FF" box="[511,645,1988,2011]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD56E29FADBF810FD50A4FF" box="[511,645,1988,2011]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Tomopterna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. by a combination of morphological and advertisement characters.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD46E28FBB3FF4CFC75A732" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">
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It has divided subarticular tubercles, which are found also in
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28F845FF4DFBD4A394" box="[865,1025,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krugerensis">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28F845FF4DFBD4A394" box="[865,1025,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">T. krugerensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FF19FF4DFB0BA394" box="[1085,1246,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28FF19FF4DFB0EA394" box="[1085,1243,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wambensis">T. wambensis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The nostrils are midway between the eye and snout tip, a condition only shared with
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28F89FFF69FBEEA3F0" box="[955,1083,189,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptotis">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28F89FFF69FBEEA3F0" box="[955,1083,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">T. cryptotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The advertisement calls of
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<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28FEA3FF69FECCA3DC" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krugerensis">
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<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FEA3FF69FECCA3DC" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">T. krugerensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28FA0EFF35FE11A3DC" box="[298,452,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wambensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FA0EFF35FE11A3DC" box="[298,452,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">T. wambensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28F925FF35FD57A3DC" box="[513,642,225,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28F925FF35FD57A3DC" box="[513,642,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">T. cryptotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are quite different. The body is stout, morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28FEA3FF35FF2CA238" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FEA3FF35FF2CA238" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">T. cryptotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is about the same size as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28F974FED1FD0BA239" box="[592,734,260,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28F974FED1FD0BA239" box="[592,734,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">T. monticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SVL 41.2, n=1) with standard size ranging from 40.0–45.0 (n=6); but mainly differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28FAD0FEFDFD54A264" box="[500,641,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FAD0FEFDFD54A264" box="[500,641,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">T. monticola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which has a deeply notched tongue, finely serrated upper jaw, smaller head width, tympanum partially hidden (although this may be due to prolonged preservation of this material), shorter snout length, smaller tympanum diameter, nostril slightly closer to snout tip than eye and smaller inner metatarsal tubercle. The advertisement call consists of a series of notes, each consisting of one or two pulses, which resemble a rapid knocking, different from the slow repetitive “knock” of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28F8C4FE6DFBAAA2F4" box="[992,1151,439,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krugerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28F8C4FE6DFBAAA2F4" box="[992,1151,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">T. krugerensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The typical note rate of two individuals is 5.5–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD46E28FAB3FE0AFE6CA2D3" box="[407,441,478,503]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" precision="5555" value="-6.5">6.5</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s -1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A31FFD46E28FACCFE0AFDF8A2D3" box="[488,557,478,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1133,1156]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,443,1109]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,443,1109]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chorus of Tomopterna gallmanni recorded at Laikipia, and a chorus of Tomopterna wambensis recorded at Wamba." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220049/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The individual note rates in a chorus vary from 2.7–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD46E28FFA9FE0BFB7AA2D3" box="[1165,1199,479,503]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" precision="5555" value="-3.3">3.3</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s -1. This differs from
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FBB3FDD2FE4DA13A" box="[151,408,517,542]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28FBB3FDD2FF28A13A" box="[151,253,517,542]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tandyi">T. tandyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28FA2EFDD2FE4DA13A" box="[266,408,517,542]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delalandii">T. delalandii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28FAF7FDD2FD87A139" box="[467,594,518,541]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FAF7FDD2FD87A139" box="[467,594,518,541]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">T. cryptotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
where the repetition rates are as high as 7–9 s -1. Each note is brief, about
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD46E28FBB3FDFEFF3CA165" box="[151,233,554,578]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" precision="55" value="-0.012">0.012 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
long, with two harmonics (others being slightly longer e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28F8B1FDFEFC2DA166" box="[917,1016,553,578]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tandyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28F8B1FDFEFC2DA166" box="[917,1016,553,578]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">T. tandyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28FF15FDFEFB65A165" box="[1073,1200,554,577]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FF15FDFEFB65A165" box="[1073,1200,554,577]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">T. cryptotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
0.039–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE275073FFD46E28FE22FDFEFA90A166" box="[1286,1349,554,578]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" precision="55" value="-0.048">0.048</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s). The mean frequency of the harmonics is 980 Hz and 1960 Hz with a fainter third harmonic at 2940 Hz. The second harmonic is emphasized (differing from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28F946FDA6FCD4A1AE" box="[610,769,625,650]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krugerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28F946FDA6FCD4A1AE" box="[610,769,625,650]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">T. krugerensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with multiple and higher frequency harmonics 1900–3100 Hz;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28FBEEFD42FEA6A18A" box="[202,371,661,686]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tandyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FBEEFD42FEE5A18A" box="[202,304,661,686]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">T. tandyi</emphasis>
|
||
2500
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–2700 Hz;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28FADCFD42FD1EA18A" box="[504,715,661,686]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delalandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FADCFD42FD5CA18A" box="[504,649,661,686]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">T. delalandii</emphasis>
|
||
1800
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–2200 Hz;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28F875FD42FC07A189" box="[849,978,662,685]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cryptotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28F875FD42FC07A189" box="[849,978,662,685]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">T. cryptotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3100–3800 Hz). Subarticular tubercles single and prominent. Webbing on feet is scanty; up to 2 ½ phalanges free of web on the forth digit. Glandular ridge below the tympanum asymmetric; continuous on the left side and interrupted on the right side (vs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28FFFAFD0AFAA1A1D2" box="[1246,1396,733,758]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wambensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FFFAFD0AFAA1A1D2" box="[1246,1396,733,758]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">T. wambensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457DDFFD46E28FE5EFD09FF12A03D" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FE5EFD09FF14A03E" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
where it is interrupted on both sides). Outer metatarsal tubercle absent; a weak whitish bump present instead. Dorsal pattern consists of irregular grey patches on a lighter background (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A31FFD46E28F8EDFCF1FBC1A01A" box="[969,1044,805,830]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1761,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,303,1736]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tomopterna gallmanni from Laikipia Nature Conservancy, Kenya: dorsolateral views in life (A) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (D) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female; dorsal views in alcohol (B) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (C) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female; ventral views in alcohol (E) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (F) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female; ventral views in life (G) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (H) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220050/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A and D) contrasting with greenish brown patches on a lighter background in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28F9ACFC9EFCF7A046" box="[648,802,841,866]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wambensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28F9ACFC9EFCF7A046" box="[648,802,841,866]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">T. wambensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457DDFFD46E28F808FC9DFC5CA046" box="[812,905,841,866]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28F808FC9DFC5CA046" bold="true" box="[812,905,841,866]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; irregular dark markings and dark spots on a lighter ground colour in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28FA88FCBAFD9FA0A2" box="[428,586,877,902]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krugerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FA88FCBAFD9FA0A2" box="[428,586,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">T. krugerensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and also varying from the scantily marked orange-brown to grey-brown of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28FBB3FC46FEE0A08D" box="[151,309,914,937]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmorata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FBB3FC46FEE0A08D" box="[151,309,914,937]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">T. marmorata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scanty, slightly enlarged brown warts present on the dorsum spreading to dorsolateral surface, bordered with black edges (different from more denser, small reddish-brown warts present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28FFF3FC63FAA5A0EA" box="[1239,1392,949,974]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wambensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FFF3FC63FAA5A0EA" box="[1239,1392,949,974]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">T. wambensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25457DDFFD46E28FE5EFC61FF12A0D5" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FE5EFC61FF14A0D6" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; smooth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28FA74FC0EFE3AA0D6" box="[336,495,985,1010]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krugerensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FA74FC0EFE3AA0D6" box="[336,495,985,1010]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">T. krugerensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distinctive and prominent tubercles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD46E28F897FC0EFB87A0D6" box="[947,1106,985,1010]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28F897FC0EFB87A0D6" box="[947,1106,985,1010]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">T. tuberculosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Ventral surface smooth but coarsely granular towards the vent and inner thighs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A31FFD46E28F9C7FC29FCFAA732" box="[739,815,1021,1046]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1761,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,303,1736]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tomopterna gallmanni from Laikipia Nature Conservancy, Kenya: dorsolateral views in life (A) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (D) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female; dorsal views in alcohol (B) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (C) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female; ventral views in alcohol (E) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (F) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female; ventral views in life (G) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (H) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220050/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
G and H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C309653FFFD46E2AFBE3FBF5FCD1A2EB" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="232" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD46E28FBE3FBF5FB33A6E2" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FBE3FBF5FE3FA71E" bold="true" box="[199,490,1057,1082]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88816FFD46E28FA59FBF5FE3FA71E" box="[381,490,1057,1082]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Body is stout and toad like; head comparatively small (HL/SVL 0.28, HW/SVL 0.40), narrow compared to trunk, not longer than wide (HL/HW 0.70); snout short (SL/HL 0.55), rounded in dorsal view, blunt in profile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A31FFD46E28FAB0FBBDFE02A7A6" box="[404,471,1129,1154]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1761,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,303,1736]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tomopterna gallmanni from Laikipia Nature Conservancy, Kenya: dorsolateral views in life (A) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (D) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female; dorsal views in alcohol (B) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (C) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female; ventral views in alcohol (E) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (F) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female; ventral views in life (G) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (H) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220050/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A), slightly projecting beyond moderately cusped lower jaw, narrower than long (SL/ INS 1.56); canthus rostralis is moderately angled; loreal region almost straight; nostrils situated on slight projections of the canthus, approximately midway between the snout tip and the eye (ENL/SNL 1.06); eyes directed anterolaterally, protrusion less distinct, relatively small (ED/HL 0.47); snout longer than eye diameter (ED/SL 0.86); interorbital distance is shorter than upper eyelid (IOS/ED 1.25), and longer than internarial distance (INS/ED 0.75); tympanum distinct externally, vertically oval, discontinuous glandular ridge present below, smaller than eye diameter (TD/ED 0.70); upper jaw without dentition; choanae large, round, located anteriorly on the roof of the mouth and easily visible, vomerine teeth in two oblique rows between the choanae; tongue short and strongly notched behind, divided in fairly equal parts (6.0 at widest part); median lingual processes present; vocal sac single, darkly pigmented; gular flap absent, with three distinct longitudinal folds clearly visible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A31FFD46E28FF5BFA79FB17A6E2" box="[1151,1218,1453,1478]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1761,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,303,1736]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tomopterna gallmanni from Laikipia Nature Conservancy, Kenya: dorsolateral views in life (A) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (D) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female; dorsal views in alcohol (B) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (C) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female; ventral views in alcohol (E) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (F) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female; ventral views in life (G) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (H) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220050/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
G).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD46E28FBE3FA05FC5BA52A" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Dorsal surfaces of head, trunk and limbs generally smooth; ventral surface of limbs, gular and abdomen smooth, but turning coarsely granular in the ventral area and thighs.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD46E28FBE3F9CEFC6CA5B9" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Fore limbs fairly thick; hand moderately large (HND/SUL 0.21); tips of fingers not enlarged into discs; relative length of fingers: IV<II<I<III; subarticular tubercles single and distinct, with one on fingers I and IV, two on finger II and three on finger III; fingers without webbing; thenar tubercle distinct; palmar tubercles absent; metacarpals without supernumerary tubercles; nuptial pad present on manual digit I.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD46E28FBE3F97DFAC5A45D" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3047624FFD46E28FBE3F97DFF2AA5E6" box="[199,255,1705,1730]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
limbs stout, more than half body length (LEG/SVL 0.83); tibio-tarsal articulation not reaching to level of tip of snout when legs are adpressed to body; tibiofibula short (TL/SVL 0.40), slightly shorter than thigh (TL/FL 0.91); heels not reaching each other when knees are flexed and thighs are held laterally at right angle to body; foot longer than tibiofibula (FOT/TL 1.09); relative length of toes: I<II<V<III<IV; toes without expanded discs; subarticular tubercles: one on toe I and II, two on toe III and V and three on toe IV; pedal webbing formula
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FE60F8EDFA9AA476" bold="true" box="[1348,1359,1849,1874]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">I</emphasis>
|
||
1–
|
||
<date id="FFAD1074FFD46E28FE50F8EEFA49A476" box="[1396,1436,1849,1874]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">
|
||
1
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FEA2F8EDFA49A476" bold="true" box="[1414,1436,1849,1874]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">II</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
1.5–1.5
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FBD6F8B4FEC6A45D" bold="true" box="[242,275,1888,1913]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">III</emphasis>
|
||
1.5+–1.5
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FA59F8B4FE49A45D" bold="true" box="[381,412,1888,1913]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">IV</emphasis>
|
||
1.5+–
|
||
<date id="FFAD1074FFD46E28FAFAF8B5FE28A45D" box="[478,509,1888,1913]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">
|
||
2
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FACFF8B4FE28A45D" bold="true" box="[491,509,1888,1913]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">V</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; inner metatarsal tubercle prominent and shovel-shaped; outer absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD46E2BFBE3F850FB4EA3DC" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2021]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="231" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD46E28FBE3F850FE7CA4B9" bold="true" box="[199,425,1924,1949]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Colouration in life</emphasis>
|
||
. The dorsal pattern consists of irregular grey patches on a lighter background. Scanty, brown warts present on the dorsum spreading to dorsolateral surface, bordered with black edges; darker bar present between the eyes, anteriorly bordered by a white patch extending to the snout; dorsal stripe absent, ventrum creamy white, turning pinkish on the ventral surface and palms, soles of feet black; extended dark patch on the throat; hands and thighs show two and three transverse dark markings respectively.
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD76E2BF8CEFF68FAE7A3F1" bold="true" box="[1002,1330,188,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">Colouration in preservative</emphasis>
|
||
. Reddish dorsal wart and creamy colours on the ventral surface are lost; the other patterns are visible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C663CFFD76E2BFBB3F935FD3DA47D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220050/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" targetBox="[151,1436,303,1735]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD76E2BFBB3F935FD3DA47D" blockId="10.[151,1436,1761,1881]" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD76E2BFBB3F935FECEA5DC" bold="true" box="[151,283,1761,1784]" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD76E2BFA07F935FDC2A5DC" box="[291,535,1761,1784]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gallmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD76E2BFA07F935FDC2A5DC" box="[291,535,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">Tomopterna gallmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Laikipia Nature Conservancy, Kenya: dorsolateral views in life (A) NMK A/ 5039/1, male and (D) NMK A/5039/3, female; dorsal views in alcohol (B) NMK A/5039/1, male and (C) NMK A/5039/ 3, female; ventral views in alcohol (E) NMK A/5039/1, male and (F) NMK A/5039/3, female; ventral views in life (G) NMK A/5039/1, male and (H) NMK A/5039/3, female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD76E2AFBE3F856FD65A3DC" blockId="10.[151,1436,1922,2019]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,752]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="232" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD76E2BFBE3F856FE7BA4BF" bold="true" box="[199,430,1922,1947]" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88816FFD76E2BFBE3F856FEE1A4BF" box="[199,308,1922,1947]" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
variation
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88816FFD76E2BFADEF857FDB0A4BF" box="[506,613,1923,1947]" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88816FFD76E2BF86AF856FC65A4BF" box="[846,944,1922,1947]" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in measurements (Table 4). Female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88816FFD76E2BFE4FF857FA49A4BF" box="[1387,1436,1923,1947]" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen (SVL 55.9) is larger than males (SVL 40.0–45.0, mean 43.8, n=6). Thin, continuous white dorsal line from the snout to the vent in the female specimen, dorsolateral white steaks originating just behind the tympanum running towards the thigh but not reaching it; in other male specimens dorsal white line present but interrupted near the head. Female throat almost clear, with only scant dark speckles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13282A31FFD66E2AF88CFF68FC38A3F1" box="[936,1005,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1761,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,303,1736]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Tomopterna gallmanni from Laikipia Nature Conservancy, Kenya: dorsolateral views in life (A) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (D) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female; dorsal views in alcohol (B) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (C) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female; ventral views in alcohol (E) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (F) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female; ventral views in life (G) NMK A / 5039 / 1, male and (H) NMK A / 5039 / 3, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220050/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
H). See measurements (in mm) of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A88816FFD66E2AFBB3FF34FF12A3DC" box="[151,199,224,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD66E2AFA17FF35FDE7A3DC" box="[307,562,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gallmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD66E2AFA17FF35FDE7A3DC" box="[307,562,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">Tomopterna gallmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Table 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD66E2AFBE3FED0FDF6A239" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,752]" box="[199,547,260,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD66E2AFBE3FED0FE4AA239" bold="true" box="[199,415,260,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">Eggs and tadpoles</emphasis>
|
||
. Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD66E2AFBE3FEF3FCD1A2EB" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD66E2AFBE3FEF3FEF6A264" bold="true" box="[199,291,295,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD66E2AFA10FEFDFE13A264" box="[308,454,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gallmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD66E2AFA10FEFDFE13A264" box="[308,454,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">T. gallmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens were found in habitats similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD66E2AFF66FEFDFB09A264" box="[1090,1244,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wambensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD66E2AFF66FEFDFB09A264" box="[1090,1244,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">T. wambensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Large breeding congregations were observed in Laikipia Nature Conservancy. Solitary males were captured crossing the road during day time following a heavy downpour (at Lewa and near Baragoi). Calling males took solitary positions, in some cases in shallow edges of a water body. The following species were found sympatrically with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD66E2AFE22FE41FA41A289" box="[1286,1428,404,429]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gallmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD66E2AFE22FE41FA41A289" box="[1286,1428,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">T. gallmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD66E2AFBB3FE63FD28A2F4" box="[151,765,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD66E2AFBB3FE63FE5AA2F4" box="[151,399,439,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anchietae">Ptychadena anchietae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD66E2AFAE3FE63FD28A2F4" box="[455,765,439,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mascareniensis">Ptychadena mascareniensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C309653FFFD66E2AFBE3FE08FC2EA144" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD66E2AFBE3FE08FC2EA144" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD66E2AFBE3FE08FE8CA2D1" bold="true" box="[199,345,476,501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. The collecting records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C134D37FFD66E2AF9AAFE09FC5BA2D1" box="[654,910,476,501]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Tomopterna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gallmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD66E2AF9AAFE09FC5BA2D1" box="[654,910,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">Tomopterna gallmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are mostly situated on the Laikipia Plateau of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3047624FFD66E2AFBB3FDD4FF36A13C" box="[151,227,512,536]" name="Kenya" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, with two northern populations at Maralal and Baragoi areas. Current data suggest a limited range, but with some populations known within privately protected property. The elevation of collecting localities ranged from
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B51FFD66E2AFBB3FD9CFF39A17B" box="[151,236,584,608]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.314" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" unit="m" value="1314.0">1314 m</quantity>
|
||
(Baragoi-South Horr Road) to
|
||
<quantity id="4CEB9B51FFD66E2AF96EFD93FD4AA17B" box="[586,671,583,608]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.952" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" unit="m" value="1952.0">1952 m</quantity>
|
||
(Lewa Wildlife Conservancy).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C309653FFFD66E2AFBE3FDB8FF29A18C" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD66E2AFBE3FDB8FF29A18C" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD66E2AFBE3FDB8FE93A1A1" bold="true" box="[199,326,620,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The species is named for the Gallmann Memorial Foundation for contributing funding for this research.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C309653FFFD66E2AFBE3FD60FD74A1D4" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC36B4FFD66E2AFBE3FD60FD74A1D4" blockId="11.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967EAA6FFD66E2AFBE3FD60FEEEA1E9" bold="true" box="[199,315,692,717]" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on its wide distribution, and abundance at breeding sites, we propose a Least Concern status according to the current IUCN Redlist criteria.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |