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<document id="4D63546E8AF286E08BEAB20B927ECF09" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1697.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5107079" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1626378524067" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Thandar, Ahmed S." docDate="2008" docId="DE2087C7F5008765A0ADF3E596A85ACA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01697p057.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1697 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1697.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Psolidium pulcherrimum Thandar 2008, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="2219FFBFF5208746A03AF42E93345C38" masterDocTitle="Additions to the holothuroid fauna of the southern African temperate faunistic provinces, with descriptions of new species" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1699010251044" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="8BE5C48AE82E4C9381E204E648B90A55">Additions to the holothuroid fauna of the southern African temperate faunistic provinces, with descriptions of new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5DB38E05C18DED7A4E3DB2EAE025E924">Thandar, Ahmed S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A0A04F68B0130CA620CF581B27345FA1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3D19381D8AACE9A63B34A16F0D4654E9">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="A5C78028CA03F2DE9CDC4826CBD56DEF">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="DE2F45B6477B879B3FDA6B05EBF287EF" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1697.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6A495B7A11E6BAFDBB2B1235104B97C0" type="ISSN">1175­5334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DE2087C7F5008765A0ADF3E596A85ACA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DE2087C7F5008765A0ADF3E596A85ACA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DE2087C7F5008765A0ADF3E596A85ACA" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<subSubSection id="1E93655AF5008766A0ADF3E5911F5BDD" box="[151,555,1995,2021]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="563636D1F5008766A0ADF3E5911F5BDD" blockId="32.[151,555,1960,2021]" box="[151,555,1995,2021]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="0D7E81BDF5008766A0ADF3E5911F5BDD" bold="true" box="[151,555,1995,2021]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="1">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F5008766A0ADF3E5911F5BDD" bold="true" box="[151,555,1995,2021]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="91894D52F5008766A0ADF3E592F25BDD" ID-CoL="4PL6X" authority="Thandar, 2008" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,454,1995,2021]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulcherrimum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F5008766A0ADF3E592F25BDD" bold="true" box="[151,454,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Psolidium pulcherrimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7FCE57B8F5008766A1F4F3E5911F5BDD" box="[462,555,1995,2021]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1E93655AF5018765A0ADF4B696A85ACA" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph id="563636D1F5018767A0ADF4B692335C8A" blockId="33.[151,263,152,178]" box="[151,263,152,178]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F5018767A0ADF4B692335C8A" box="[151,263,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="34.[151,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[226,1337,192,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-119@34.[218,1368,184,1838]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 13. Psolidium pulcherrimum sp. nov. Holotype, SAM-A28017. A. Scale from dorsal body wall; B. baskets from dorsal body wall; C. smooth plates from dorsal body wall; D &amp; E. scales/plates from ventral body wall; F. plates from ventral body wall; G. baskets from ventral body wall; H. rods from introvert; I. plates from podia; J. rods from tentacle stalk; K. plates from tentacle branches; L. calcareous ring; M. madreporite. Deposits of 1 mm juvenile. N. rod and cross from body wall; O. reticulated deposits from body wall; P. baskets from body wall. A-K &amp; N-P scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107119/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 13</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F5018767A0ADF4C692385D3A" blockId="33.[151,1436,232,618]" box="[151,268,232,258]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Diagnosis</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F5018767A087F53E92115E52" blockId="33.[151,1436,232,618]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
A small species,
<typeStatus id="89328873F5018767A1BFF53E92DF5D12" box="[389,491,272,298]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(mature female)
<quantity id="91719B34F5018767A282F53E90385D12" box="[696,780,272,298]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
, invested in imbricating scales, up to 20 scales between mouth and anus; mouth bordered by smaller scales (?valves), anus by papillae/teeth. Ventral surface sole-like but distinct sole absent. Dorsal podia usually inconspicuous, ventral podia restricted to ambulacra in single rows, including those in odd ambulacrum. Tentacles dendritic, 10, mid-ventral two reduced. Polian vesicle single. Respiratory trees bright yellow. Females brood-protecting with a pair of coelomic pouches. Scales heavily-knobbed, multi-layered, dorsally
<quantity id="91719B34F5018767A246F5F6903B5DCA" box="[636,783,471,498]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="780.0" valueMax="960.0" valueMin="600.0">600-960 µm</quantity>
, ventrally
<quantity id="91719B34F5018767A3B1F5F6972B5DCA" box="[907,1055,471,498]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="6.05" metricValueMin="4.05" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="505.0" valueMax="605.0" valueMin="405.0">405-605 µm</quantity>
. Baskets cup-like with a spinose rim. Ventral body wall, in addition, with slightly elongate,
<quantity id="91719B34F5018767A37AF62E90E75E22" box="[832,979,511,538]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.65" metricValueMin="2.05" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="285.0" valueMax="365.0" valueMin="205.0">205-365 µm</quantity>
, finely-knobbed plates. Podial deposits as small, smooth, perforated plates. Introvert with rods. Tentacle stalk with rods; branches with smooth, perforated plates.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F5018767A0ADF68E96565EDA" blockId="33.[151,1378,672,738]" box="[151,1378,672,738]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Etymology The specific name refers to the beautiful form of the body from Latin (pulcherrimum-most beautiful).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F5018767A0ADF73692475F0A" blockId="33.[151,1436,792,900]" box="[151,371,792,818]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Material examined</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F5018767A081F76D971E5FBC" blockId="33.[151,1436,792,900]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<materialsCitation id="E6E13C8CF5018767A081F76D92A15FBC" collectingDate="1972-06-20" collectionCode="UCT" location="Still Bay Shelf Transect" longitude="22.516666" municipality="Still Bay" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="200" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F5018767A081F76D92125F64" box="[187,294,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<typeStatus id="89328873F5018767A081F76D92125F64" box="[187,294,835,860]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(female), SAM-A28017,
<collectionCode id="3098AE14F5018767A26FF76C91A45F64" box="[597,656,834,860]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">UCT</collectionCode>
Ecol. Surv.,
<location id="5356600AF5018767A31CF76C97745F64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DE2087C7F5008765A0ADF3E596A85ACA:5356600AF5018767A31CF76C97745F64" box="[806,1088,834,860]" longitude="22.516666" municipality="Still Bay" name="Still Bay Shelf Transect" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<collectingMunicipality id="B652ACABF5018767A31CF76C90B95F64" box="[806,909,834,860]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Still Bay</collectingMunicipality>
Shelf Transect
</location>
, St. SST
<geoCoordinate id="33BD5016F5018767A496F76C97C95F76" box="[1196,1277,832,860]" degrees="12, 35" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" precision="555" value="-12.35">
12, 35
<superScript id="A1FC9B99F5018767A4CFF76E97C95F76" attach="left" box="[1269,1277,832,846]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">o</superScript>
</geoCoordinate>
22' S,
<geoCoordinate id="33BD5016F5018767A577F76C939F5FBC" degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" precision="925" value="22.516666">
22
<superScript id="A1FC9B99F5018767A550F76E96465F76" attach="left" box="[1386,1394,832,846]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">o</superScript>
31' E
</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="22371011F5018767A08DF74492025FBC" box="[183,310,874,900]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1972-06-20">
<collectingDate id="3273E9F9F5018767A08DF74492025FBC" box="[183,310,874,900]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1972-06-20">
20.vi.
<quantity id="91719B34F5018767A0CDF74492025FBC" box="[247,310,874,900]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9722" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="1972.2">1972</quantity>
</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="408FFD58F5018767A179F74492A15FBC" box="[323,405,874,900]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="generic">200 m.</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="E6E13C8CF5018767A1A6F745971E5FBC" box="[412,1066,874,900]" collectingDate="1972-06-20" collectionCode="UCT" location="Still Bay Shelf Transect" longitude="22.516666" municipality="Still Bay" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="5" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F5018767A1A6F74591275FBC" box="[412,531,875,900]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<typeStatus id="89328873F5018767A1A6F74591275FBC" box="[412,531,875,900]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
, SAM-A28018, same data as holotype,
<specimenCount id="408FFD58F5018767A3E2F744971E5FBC" box="[984,1066,874,900]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="generic">5 spec.</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F5018767A0ADF79492FF5FC4" blockId="33.[151,459,954,1020]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<materialsCitation id="E6E13C8CF5018767A0ADF79492FF5FC4" collectionCode="WCP" elevation="200" location="Still Bay" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="200">
Type locality
<location id="5356600AF5018767A081F7CC92175FC4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DE2087C7F5008765A0ADF3E596A85ACA:5356600AF5018767A081F7CC92175FC4" box="[187,291,994,1020]" name="Still Bay" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Still Bay</location>
,
<collectionCode id="3098AE14F5018767A115F7CC925A5FC4" box="[303,366,994,1020]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">WCP</collectionCode>
,
<specimenCount id="408FFD58F5018767A140F7CC92FF5FC4" box="[378,459,994,1020]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="generic">
<quantity id="91719B34F5018767A140F7CC92F35FC4" box="[378,455,994,1020]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="200.0">
<elevation id="DDA4D1E2F5018767A140F7CC92F35FC4" box="[378,455,994,1020]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F5018767A0ADF01C92995874" blockId="33.[151,1436,1074,1940]" box="[151,429,1074,1100]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Description of
<typeStatus id="89328873F5018767A17CF01C92995874" box="[326,429,1074,1100]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F5018767A081F0749224595C" blockId="33.[151,1436,1074,1940]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Female,
<quantity id="91719B34F5018767A125F0749245584C" box="[287,369,1114,1140]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="91719B34F5018767A180F07492CA584C" box="[442,510,1114,1140]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
wide in mid-body. Dorsal surface well arched, covered with imbricating scales which also extend laterally; over 20 scales between mouth and anus, about 20 scales laterally on each side. Mouth sub-dorsal, opened, bordered by scales smaller than those of dorsal surface, no distinct valves; anus completely concealed by scales. Ventral surface flattened, sole-like, but distinct sole absent. Dorsal podia not discernable, ventral podia well developed, restricted to ambulacra in single irregular rows, including those of odd ambulacrum. Tentacles dendritic, 10, mid-ventral two reduced. Colour uniformly white, podia slightly yellowish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F5018767A0FCF15C90775BAC" blockId="33.[151,1436,1074,1940]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
Calcareous ring (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F5018767A1A8F15C912D59B4" box="[402,537,1394,1420]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="34.[151,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[226,1337,192,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-119@34.[218,1368,184,1838]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 13. Psolidium pulcherrimum sp. nov. Holotype, SAM-A28017. A. Scale from dorsal body wall; B. baskets from dorsal body wall; C. smooth plates from dorsal body wall; D &amp; E. scales/plates from ventral body wall; F. plates from ventral body wall; G. baskets from ventral body wall; H. rods from introvert; I. plates from podia; J. rods from tentacle stalk; K. plates from tentacle branches; L. calcareous ring; M. madreporite. Deposits of 1 mm juvenile. N. rod and cross from body wall; O. reticulated deposits from body wall; P. baskets from body wall. A-K &amp; N-P scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107119/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 13L</figureCitation>
) simple, both radial and interradial plates sculptured, of more or less same length, anterior projection of radial plates thicker that that of interradial plates, bifid anteriorly and with depression for retractor muscle; interradial plates triangular; posterior margin of ring undulating. Polian vesicle single, ventral, elongated; stone canal short, free, madreporite four-lobed (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F5018767A417F1C4978A5A3C" box="[1069,1214,1514,1540]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="34.[151,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[226,1337,192,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-119@34.[218,1368,184,1838]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 13. Psolidium pulcherrimum sp. nov. Holotype, SAM-A28017. A. Scale from dorsal body wall; B. baskets from dorsal body wall; C. smooth plates from dorsal body wall; D &amp; E. scales/plates from ventral body wall; F. plates from ventral body wall; G. baskets from ventral body wall; H. rods from introvert; I. plates from podia; J. rods from tentacle stalk; K. plates from tentacle branches; L. calcareous ring; M. madreporite. Deposits of 1 mm juvenile. N. rod and cross from body wall; O. reticulated deposits from body wall; P. baskets from body wall. A-K &amp; N-P scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107119/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 13M</figureCitation>
). Respiratory trees short, of equal length, confined to posterior third of body, arising independently from reduced cloaca, each only terminally branched; branches yellow, resembling fat bodies of toads, about 10 on the right and six on the left, with the largest branch of latter bearing a couple of diverticula. Gonad (ovary) located in mid-body, comprising two tufts of short unbranched tubules at various stages of maturity; immature tubules short, pyriform; mature tubules elongate, full of eggs in various stages of development. Species brood-protecting, a pair of internal brood pouches clearly visible in mid-ventral coelom, containing brood-embryos (ca. 0.8 mm) or juvenile (ca.
<quantity id="91719B34F5018767A138F32C92795B24" box="[258,333,1794,1820]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
), right sac with
<specimenCount id="408FFD58F5018767A228F32C919F5B24" box="[530,683,1794,1820]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="juvenile">four juvenile</specimenCount>
and five brood-embryos, left one with
<specimenCount id="408FFD58F5018767A4B0F32C96175B24" box="[1162,1315,1794,1820]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="juvenile">four juvenile</specimenCount>
and three brood-embryos; each sac apparently opening independently on mid-ventral ambulacrum through a deeply folded/pleated structure, external opening(s) not detected. Longitudinal muscles unpaired, thin; retractors thickened distally, just before insertion on calcareous ring.
</paragraph>
<caption id="02F66659F5028764A0ADF36D96155BC9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107119" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5107119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107119/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" startId="34.[151,255,1859,1883]" targetBox="[226,1337,192,1828]" targetPageId="34">
<paragraph id="563636D1F5028764A0ADF36D96155BC9" blockId="34.[151,1436,1859,2033]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F5028764A0ADF36D921D5B63" bold="true" box="[151,297,1859,1883]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="91894D52F5028764A108F36D910B5B62" authority="Thandar, 2008" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="2008" box="[306,575,1859,1882]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pulcherrimum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F5028764A108F36D910B5B62" box="[306,575,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Psolidium pulcherrimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7FCE57B8F5028764A27DF36D91A95B62" box="[583,669,1859,1882]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Holotype, SAM-A28017. A. Scale from dorsal body wall; B. baskets from dorsal body wall; C. smooth plates from dorsal body wall; D &amp; E. scales/plates from ventral body wall; F. plates from ventral body wall; G. baskets from ventral body wall; H. rods from introvert; I. plates from podia; J. rods from tentacle stalk; K. plates from tentacle branches; L. calcareous ring; M. madreporite. Deposits of 1 mm juvenile. N. rod and cross from body wall; O. reticulated deposits from body wall; P. baskets from body wall. A-K &amp; N-P scale a.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="563636D1F5038765A086F4B697255EDA" blockId="35.[151,1436,152,858]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Scales covered by external layer of deep cup-like baskets. Dorsal baskets (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F5038765A419F4B6979E5C8A" box="[1059,1194,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="34.[151,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[226,1337,192,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-119@34.[218,1368,184,1838]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 13. Psolidium pulcherrimum sp. nov. Holotype, SAM-A28017. A. Scale from dorsal body wall; B. baskets from dorsal body wall; C. smooth plates from dorsal body wall; D &amp; E. scales/plates from ventral body wall; F. plates from ventral body wall; G. baskets from ventral body wall; H. rods from introvert; I. plates from podia; J. rods from tentacle stalk; K. plates from tentacle branches; L. calcareous ring; M. madreporite. Deposits of 1 mm juvenile. N. rod and cross from body wall; O. reticulated deposits from body wall; P. baskets from body wall. A-K &amp; N-P scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107119/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figure 13B</figureCitation>
) and ventral baskets (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F5038765A0A5F4EE92135CE2" box="[159,295,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="34.[151,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[226,1337,192,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-119@34.[218,1368,184,1838]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 13. Psolidium pulcherrimum sp. nov. Holotype, SAM-A28017. A. Scale from dorsal body wall; B. baskets from dorsal body wall; C. smooth plates from dorsal body wall; D &amp; E. scales/plates from ventral body wall; F. plates from ventral body wall; G. baskets from ventral body wall; H. rods from introvert; I. plates from podia; J. rods from tentacle stalk; K. plates from tentacle branches; L. calcareous ring; M. madreporite. Deposits of 1 mm juvenile. N. rod and cross from body wall; O. reticulated deposits from body wall; P. baskets from body wall. A-K &amp; N-P scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107119/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figure 13G</figureCitation>
) more or less identical, dorsal
<quantity id="91719B34F5038765A2AAF4EE90375CE2" box="[656,771,191,218]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="50.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="40.0">40-60 µm</quantity>
(mean
<quantity id="91719B34F5038765A361F4EE909E5CE2" box="[859,938,191,218]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="51.0">51 µm</quantity>
), ventral
<quantity id="91719B34F5038765A422F4EE97BF5CE2" box="[1048,1163,191,218]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.55" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="55.5" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="46.0">46-65 µm</quantity>
(mean
<quantity id="91719B34F5038765A4D9F4EE96065CE2" box="[1251,1330,191,218]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="53.0">53 µm</quantity>
), usually complete, cup-like, with smooth, cross-shaped base, a spinose rim and usually 4-(6) basal holes. Dorsal scales (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F5038765A0A5F53E92135D12" box="[159,295,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="34.[151,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[226,1337,192,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-119@34.[218,1368,184,1838]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 13. Psolidium pulcherrimum sp. nov. Holotype, SAM-A28017. A. Scale from dorsal body wall; B. baskets from dorsal body wall; C. smooth plates from dorsal body wall; D &amp; E. scales/plates from ventral body wall; F. plates from ventral body wall; G. baskets from ventral body wall; H. rods from introvert; I. plates from podia; J. rods from tentacle stalk; K. plates from tentacle branches; L. calcareous ring; M. madreporite. Deposits of 1 mm juvenile. N. rod and cross from body wall; O. reticulated deposits from body wall; P. baskets from body wall. A-K &amp; N-P scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107119/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figure 13A</figureCitation>
) large,
<quantity id="91719B34F5038765A1BBF53E91265D12" box="[385,530,271,298]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="780.0" valueMax="960.0" valueMin="600.0">600-960 µm</quantity>
(mean
<quantity id="91719B34F5038765A250F53E91FC5D12" box="[618,712,271,298]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.14" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="814.0">814 µm</quantity>
), heavily-knobbed, composed usually of two layers of calcareous material, round to slightly oval, with numerous (21-36) holes; developing plates (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F5038765A499F51696185D6A" box="[1187,1324,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="34.[151,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[226,1337,192,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-119@34.[218,1368,184,1838]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 13. Psolidium pulcherrimum sp. nov. Holotype, SAM-A28017. A. Scale from dorsal body wall; B. baskets from dorsal body wall; C. smooth plates from dorsal body wall; D &amp; E. scales/plates from ventral body wall; F. plates from ventral body wall; G. baskets from ventral body wall; H. rods from introvert; I. plates from podia; J. rods from tentacle stalk; K. plates from tentacle branches; L. calcareous ring; M. madreporite. Deposits of 1 mm juvenile. N. rod and cross from body wall; O. reticulated deposits from body wall; P. baskets from body wall. A-K &amp; N-P scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107119/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figure 13C</figureCitation>
) smooth, with irregular margins and fewer holes. Ventral scales (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F5038765A317F54E90EF5D42" box="[813,987,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="34.[151,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[226,1337,192,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-119@34.[218,1368,184,1838]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 13. Psolidium pulcherrimum sp. nov. Holotype, SAM-A28017. A. Scale from dorsal body wall; B. baskets from dorsal body wall; C. smooth plates from dorsal body wall; D &amp; E. scales/plates from ventral body wall; F. plates from ventral body wall; G. baskets from ventral body wall; H. rods from introvert; I. plates from podia; J. rods from tentacle stalk; K. plates from tentacle branches; L. calcareous ring; M. madreporite. Deposits of 1 mm juvenile. N. rod and cross from body wall; O. reticulated deposits from body wall; P. baskets from body wall. A-K &amp; N-P scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107119/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figure 13D, E</figureCitation>
) round to irregular, heavily-knobbed, similar to but smaller than dorsal scales,
<quantity id="91719B34F5038765A2B8F5A690215D9A" box="[642,789,391,418]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="6.05" metricValueMin="4.05" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="505.0" valueMax="605.0" valueMin="405.0">405-605 µm</quantity>
(mean
<quantity id="91719B34F5038765A34AF5A690E55D9A" box="[880,977,391,418]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.06" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="406.0">406 µm</quantity>
); ventral deposits also include slightly elongate,
<quantity id="91719B34F5038765A130F59E92A85DF2" box="[266,412,431,458]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.65" metricValueMin="2.05" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="285.0" valueMax="365.0" valueMin="205.0">205-365 µm</quantity>
(mean
<quantity id="91719B34F5038765A1CCF59E91615DF2" box="[502,597,431,458]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.71" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="271.0">271 µm</quantity>
), less-perforate (4-10 holes), faintly-knobbed plates (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F5038765A4F1F59E96675DF2" box="[1227,1363,432,458]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="34.[151,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[226,1337,192,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-119@34.[218,1368,184,1838]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 13. Psolidium pulcherrimum sp. nov. Holotype, SAM-A28017. A. Scale from dorsal body wall; B. baskets from dorsal body wall; C. smooth plates from dorsal body wall; D &amp; E. scales/plates from ventral body wall; F. plates from ventral body wall; G. baskets from ventral body wall; H. rods from introvert; I. plates from podia; J. rods from tentacle stalk; K. plates from tentacle branches; L. calcareous ring; M. madreporite. Deposits of 1 mm juvenile. N. rod and cross from body wall; O. reticulated deposits from body wall; P. baskets from body wall. A-K &amp; N-P scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107119/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figure 13F</figureCitation>
), usually localized at base of podia. Podial deposits comprise smaller plates with irregular margins, few perforations and with or without minute knobs (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F5038765A2A6F62E90155E22" box="[668,801,512,538]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="34.[151,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[226,1337,192,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-119@34.[218,1368,184,1838]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 13. Psolidium pulcherrimum sp. nov. Holotype, SAM-A28017. A. Scale from dorsal body wall; B. baskets from dorsal body wall; C. smooth plates from dorsal body wall; D &amp; E. scales/plates from ventral body wall; F. plates from ventral body wall; G. baskets from ventral body wall; H. rods from introvert; I. plates from podia; J. rods from tentacle stalk; K. plates from tentacle branches; L. calcareous ring; M. madreporite. Deposits of 1 mm juvenile. N. rod and cross from body wall; O. reticulated deposits from body wall; P. baskets from body wall. A-K &amp; N-P scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107119/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figure 13I</figureCitation>
). End-plates large to reduced, up to
<quantity id="91719B34F5038765A4C9F62E96615E22" box="[1267,1365,511,538]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="360.0">360 µm</quantity>
, with irregularly scattered holes, larger medially. Introvert with rods of irregular shapes with few perforations along length and small, usually marginally localized, knobs (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F5038765A322F67E90905E52" box="[792,932,592,618]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="34.[151,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[226,1337,192,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-119@34.[218,1368,184,1838]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 13. Psolidium pulcherrimum sp. nov. Holotype, SAM-A28017. A. Scale from dorsal body wall; B. baskets from dorsal body wall; C. smooth plates from dorsal body wall; D &amp; E. scales/plates from ventral body wall; F. plates from ventral body wall; G. baskets from ventral body wall; H. rods from introvert; I. plates from podia; J. rods from tentacle stalk; K. plates from tentacle branches; L. calcareous ring; M. madreporite. Deposits of 1 mm juvenile. N. rod and cross from body wall; O. reticulated deposits from body wall; P. baskets from body wall. A-K &amp; N-P scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107119/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figure 13H</figureCitation>
). Tentacle stalk and main branches include rods,
<quantity id="91719B34F5038765A0EDF656926D5EAA" box="[215,345,631,658]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.75" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="185.0" valueMax="275.0" valueMin="95.0">95-275 µm</quantity>
(mean
<quantity id="91719B34F5038765A18AF65691395EAA" box="[432,525,631,658]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="164.0">164 µm</quantity>
), similar to those of introvert, smooth to slightly knobbed (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F5038765A4F9F65696775EAA" box="[1219,1347,632,658]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="34.[151,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[226,1337,192,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-119@34.[218,1368,184,1838]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 13. Psolidium pulcherrimum sp. nov. Holotype, SAM-A28017. A. Scale from dorsal body wall; B. baskets from dorsal body wall; C. smooth plates from dorsal body wall; D &amp; E. scales/plates from ventral body wall; F. plates from ventral body wall; G. baskets from ventral body wall; H. rods from introvert; I. plates from podia; J. rods from tentacle stalk; K. plates from tentacle branches; L. calcareous ring; M. madreporite. Deposits of 1 mm juvenile. N. rod and cross from body wall; O. reticulated deposits from body wall; P. baskets from body wall. A-K &amp; N-P scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107119/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figure 13J</figureCitation>
); tentacle branches with smooth, delicate, perforated plates of various sizes,
<quantity id="91719B34F5038765A3D1F68E97455E82" box="[1003,1137,671,698]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.65" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="86.5" valueMax="120.0" valueMin="53.0">53-120 µm</quantity>
(mean
<quantity id="91719B34F5038765A4F5F68E96145E82" box="[1231,1312,671,698]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="84.0">84 µm</quantity>
) and with varying number of holes (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F5038765A1FFF6E691655EDA" box="[453,593,712,738]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="34.[151,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[226,1337,192,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-119@34.[218,1368,184,1838]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 13. Psolidium pulcherrimum sp. nov. Holotype, SAM-A28017. A. Scale from dorsal body wall; B. baskets from dorsal body wall; C. smooth plates from dorsal body wall; D &amp; E. scales/plates from ventral body wall; F. plates from ventral body wall; G. baskets from ventral body wall; H. rods from introvert; I. plates from podia; J. rods from tentacle stalk; K. plates from tentacle branches; L. calcareous ring; M. madreporite. Deposits of 1 mm juvenile. N. rod and cross from body wall; O. reticulated deposits from body wall; P. baskets from body wall. A-K &amp; N-P scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107119/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figure 13K</figureCitation>
). Retractor muscle devoid of spicules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F5038765A085F6DE96145F62" blockId="35.[151,1436,152,858]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Body wall of brood-embryos with numerous cross-shaped deposits (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F5038765A3D8F6DE975B5F32" box="[994,1135,752,778]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="34.[151,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[226,1337,192,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-119@34.[218,1368,184,1838]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 13. Psolidium pulcherrimum sp. nov. Holotype, SAM-A28017. A. Scale from dorsal body wall; B. baskets from dorsal body wall; C. smooth plates from dorsal body wall; D &amp; E. scales/plates from ventral body wall; F. plates from ventral body wall; G. baskets from ventral body wall; H. rods from introvert; I. plates from podia; J. rods from tentacle stalk; K. plates from tentacle branches; L. calcareous ring; M. madreporite. Deposits of 1 mm juvenile. N. rod and cross from body wall; O. reticulated deposits from body wall; P. baskets from body wall. A-K &amp; N-P scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107119/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figure 13N</figureCitation>
), representing early stage of development of scales/plates, and other peculiar, delicate, lattice-like or reticulated bodies (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F5038765A53AF73696BA5F0A" box="[1280,1422,792,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="34.[151,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[226,1337,192,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-119@34.[218,1368,184,1838]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 13. Psolidium pulcherrimum sp. nov. Holotype, SAM-A28017. A. Scale from dorsal body wall; B. baskets from dorsal body wall; C. smooth plates from dorsal body wall; D &amp; E. scales/plates from ventral body wall; F. plates from ventral body wall; G. baskets from ventral body wall; H. rods from introvert; I. plates from podia; J. rods from tentacle stalk; K. plates from tentacle branches; L. calcareous ring; M. madreporite. Deposits of 1 mm juvenile. N. rod and cross from body wall; O. reticulated deposits from body wall; P. baskets from body wall. A-K &amp; N-P scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107119/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figure 13O</figureCitation>
). Those of juvenile comprise similar deposits as well as a few developing cups/baskets (
<figureCitation id="CEB22A54F5038765A4B1F76E96265F62" box="[1163,1298,832,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="34.[151,255,1859,1883]" captionTargetBox="[226,1337,192,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-119@34.[218,1368,184,1838]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 13. Psolidium pulcherrimum sp. nov. Holotype, SAM-A28017. A. Scale from dorsal body wall; B. baskets from dorsal body wall; C. smooth plates from dorsal body wall; D &amp; E. scales/plates from ventral body wall; F. plates from ventral body wall; G. baskets from ventral body wall; H. rods from introvert; I. plates from podia; J. rods from tentacle stalk; K. plates from tentacle branches; L. calcareous ring; M. madreporite. Deposits of 1 mm juvenile. N. rod and cross from body wall; O. reticulated deposits from body wall; P. baskets from body wall. A-K &amp; N-P scale a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5107119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5107119/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figure 13P</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F5038765A0ADF7BE92825F92" blockId="35.[151,1436,912,1178]" box="[151,438,912,938]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Description of
<typeStatus id="89328873F5038765A17CF7BE92825F92" box="[326,438,912,938]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F5038765A0FEF796907C58A2" blockId="35.[151,1436,912,1178]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Size range
<quantity id="91719B34F5038765A173F796928D5FEA" box="[329,441,952,978]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="6.0">6-10 mm</quantity>
; colour and podia distribution as in
<typeStatus id="89328873F5038765A353F79690E65FEA" box="[873,978,952,978]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, number of scales between mouth and anus variable (12-20), depending on stage of maturity. In
<specimenCount id="408FFD58F5038765A37BF7CE90DE5FC2" box="[833,1002,992,1018]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">four paratypes</specimenCount>
ventral surface sole-like, but no distinct sole, in remaining one distinct sole evident, perhaps an artefact of preservation. In only
<specimenCount id="408FFD58F5038765A4CCF02696AF581A" box="[1270,1435,1032,1058]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">two paratypes</specimenCount>
(including one with sole) anus discernable, anal teeth and/or papillae present. In only
<specimenCount id="408FFD58F5038765A446F01E96165872" box="[1148,1314,1072,1098]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">two paratypes</specimenCount>
, including the one with sole, dorsal podia discernable, emitting from between scales. In dissected
<typeStatus id="89328873F5038765A4F3F076961A584A" box="[1225,1326,1112,1138]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(mature, male) no brood pouches detected, hence species dioecious.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F5038765A0ADF0FE92A2592A" blockId="35.[151,406,1232,1298]" box="[151,406,1232,1298]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Distribution Type locality only.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F5038765A0ADF16693CB595A" blockId="35.[151,1436,1352,1778]" box="[151,255,1352,1378]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks</paragraph>
<paragraph id="563636D1F5038765A0FAF15E96A85ACA" blockId="35.[151,1436,1352,1778]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
The presence of a plated skeleton, dorsal podia (at least in some
<typeStatus id="89328873F5038765A3FAF15E970159B2" box="[960,1077,1392,1418]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
), and the sole-like ventral surface with well-developed marginal podia, places the species clearly in
<taxonomicName id="91894D52F5038765A3E9F1B6977E5989" box="[979,1098,1432,1457]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F5038765A3E9F1B6977E5989" box="[979,1098,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Psolidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the barrel-shaped body form, single row of podia in each ventral ambulacrum, the large heavily-knobbed dorsal plates of the
<taxonomicName id="91894D52F5038765A0ADF1C692015A39" box="[151,309,1512,1537]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pseudocnella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F5038765A0ADF1C692015A39" box="[151,309,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Pseudocnella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="91894D52F5038765A160F1C692F65A39" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1820" box="[346,450,1512,1537]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Pentacta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F5038765A160F1C692F65A39" box="[346,450,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Pentacta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
type, accompanied by deep cup-like baskets, sets this species apart from all nominal species of the genus. Only few species of
<taxonomicName id="91894D52F5038765A2BEF23E91CF5A11" box="[644,763,1552,1577]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F5038765A2BEF23E91CF5A11" box="[644,763,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Psolidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been described with a single row of marginal podia but in none this feature exists in combination with baskets and heavily-knobbed plates. Hence, relating this species to others in the genus is problematical at this stage.
<bibRefCitation id="32184B20F5038765A353F24E972F5A42" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[873,1051,1632,1658]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="364 - 409" refId="ref31381" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1999) Deep-sea holothuroids taken by the R. V. ' Africana II' in 1959, from off the west coast of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 105 (9), 364 - 409." type="journal article" year="1999">Thandar (1999</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="32184B20F5038765A413F24E97515A42" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[1065,1125,1632,1658]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref31520" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2006) New species and new records of dendrochirotid and dactylochirotid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from off the east coast of South Africa. Zootaxa, 1245, 1 - 51." type="journal article" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
) described other southern African psolids with a single row of marginal podia but these lack the deep cup-shaped baskets and heavilyknobbed plates characteristic of the new species. Other remarkable features include its brooding habit, recorded for only a few species of
<taxonomicName id="91894D52F5038765A213F2F691945AC9" box="[553,672,1752,1777]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="64FDEAC3F5038765A213F2F691945AC9" box="[553,672,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Psolidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the peculiar nature (colour and form) of its respiratory trees.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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