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<treatment id="03C387E8661FFFCCFF68E48B8553FB8E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8092146" ID-GBIF-Taxon="210479635" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8092146" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387E8661FFFCCFF68E48B8553FB8E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387E8661FFFCCFF68E48B8553FB8E" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<subSubSection id="C3706575661FFFCDFF68E48B8219FC57" box="[151,1034,978,1005]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661FFFCDFF68E48B8219FC57" blockId="46.[151,1437,978,1725]" box="[151,1034,978,1005]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661FFFCDFF68E48B8219FC57" bold="true" box="[151,1034,978,1005]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
The significance of
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661FFFCDFE81E48B847CFC56" ID-CoL="ZLN2" ID-ENA="2904669" authorityName="Fell" authorityYear="1958" box="[382,623,979,1005]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661FFFCDFE81E48B847CFC56" bold="true" box="[382,623,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Crossaster japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and Northern Hemisphere species
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3706575661FFFCDFF38E4AF8726F906" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661FFFCDFF38E4AF852DFBC6" blockId="46.[151,1437,978,1725]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661FFFCDFF38E4AF8754FBAA" author="Fell, H. B." box="[199,327,1014,1041]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref57602" refString="Fell, H. B. (1958) Deep-sea echinoderms of New Zealand. Zoology Publications from Victoria University of Wellington, 24, 1 - 40, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1958">Fell (1958)</bibRefCitation>
identified sufficient similarity between
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661FFFCDFCE9E4AF820AFBAA" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1916" box="[790,1049,1015,1041]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="multispinus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661FFFCDFCE9E4AF820AFBAA" box="[790,1049,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Crossaster multispinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the North Pacific
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661FFFCDFADBE4AF87BAFB8E" authority="(Fisher, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Fisher" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661FFFCDFADBE4AF8717FB8F" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Crossaster japonicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661FFFCDFEEBE34387B2FB8E" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[276,417,1051,1077]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref57712" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosida. Bulletin of the US National Museum, 76 (xiii), 1 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.76. i" type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher, 1911</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
to argue that the latter was a synonym of the former. This was met with disagreement by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661FFFCDFF68E3678780FBE2" author="Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Gates, J." box="[151,403,1086,1113]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 510" refId="ref63270" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia 33. CSIRO, Melbourne, pp. 1 - 510." type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe &amp; Gates (1995)</bibRefCitation>
who returned the two species to their original status.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661FFFCDFC01E36782B6FBE2" author="O'Hara, T. D." box="[1022,1189,1087,1113]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="167 - 223" refId="ref62101" refString="O'Hara, T. D. (1998) Systematics and Biology of Macquarie Island Echinoderms. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 57 (2), 167 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 1999.57.09" type="journal article" year="1998">O’Hara (1998)</bibRefCitation>
agreed with
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661FFFCDFAC3E367873BFBC6" author="Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Gates, J." pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 510" refId="ref63270" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia 33. CSIRO, Melbourne, pp. 1 - 510." type="book chapter" year="1995">Rowe &amp; Gates (1995)</bibRefCitation>
in further retaining the two species as separate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661FFFCDFF38E3DF8332FAC2" blockId="46.[151,1437,978,1725]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
A phylogenetic treatment using mitochondrial and nuclear genes surveyed North Atlantic
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661FFFCDFB4CE3DF838FFB1B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[1203,1436,1159,1185]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="papposus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661FFFCDFB4CE3DF838FFB1B" box="[1203,1436,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Crossaster papposus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661FFFCDFF39E3F387AEFB7F" baseAuthorityName="Doderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[198,445,1195,1221]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="squamatus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661FFFCDFF39E3F387AEFB7F" box="[198,445,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Crossaster squamatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(D̂derlein, 1900), including exemplars of Southern Hemisphere
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661FFFCDFB63E3F3838FFB7E" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1916" box="[1180,1436,1195,1221]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="multispinus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661FFFCDFB63E3F3838FFB7E" box="[1180,1436,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Crossaster multispinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661FFFCDFF3AE39787C5FB52" authorityName="McKnight" authorityYear="1973" box="[197,470,1231,1257]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="campbellicus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661FFFCDFF3AE39787C5FB52" box="[197,470,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Crossaster campbellicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in their analysis of Northern Hemisphere species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661FFFCDFC00E3978300FB52" author="Ringvold, H. &amp; Moum, T." box="[1023,1299,1231,1257]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="0227223" refId="ref62820" refString="Ringvold, H. &amp; Moum, T. (2020) On the genus Crossaster (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) and its distribution. PLoS One, 15 (1), e 0227223. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0227223" type="journal article" year="2020">Ringvold &amp; Moum 2020</bibRefCitation>
) concluding that they were closely related and possibly sister species.
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661FFFCDFCE9E3AB8211FAB7" baseAuthorityName="Fisher" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[790,1026,1267,1293]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661FFFCDFCE9E3AB8211FAB7" box="[790,1026,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Crossaster japonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not among the species surveyed but has been historically considered as morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661FFFCDFC78E24F8305FA8A" authority="(Fisher, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Fisher" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[903,1302,1303,1329]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="papposus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661FFFCDFC78E24F8262FA8B" box="[903,1137,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Crossaster papposus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661FFFCDFB7FE24F831EFA8A" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[1152,1293,1303,1329]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 420" refId="ref57712" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosida. Bulletin of the US National Museum, 76 (xiii), 1 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.76. i" type="journal article" year="1911">Fisher, 1911</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In contrast
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661FFFCDFF68E2638797FAEE" author="Mah, C. L. &amp; Foltz D. W." box="[151,388,1339,1365]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="769 - 788" refId="ref60604" refString="Mah, C. L. &amp; Foltz D. W. (2011 b) Molecular Phylogeny of the Valvatacea (Asteroidea, Echinodermata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 769 - 788. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2010.00659. x" type="journal article" year="2011">Mah &amp; Foltz (2011b)</bibRefCitation>
found
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661FFFCDFE2EE26385A4FAEE" box="[465,951,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661FFFCDFE2EE26384C0FAEE" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1916" box="[465,723,1339,1365]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="multispinus">Crossaster multispinus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661FFFCDFD21E26385A4FAEE" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1906" box="[734,951,1339,1365]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="borealis">Crossaster borealis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661FFFCDFC0DE26382C8FAEF" baseAuthorityName="Fisher" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1010,1243,1339,1365]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="papposus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661FFFCDFC0DE26382C8FAEF" box="[1010,1243,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Crossaster papposus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on three separate clades suggesting that the northern and southern
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661FFFCDFD45E2078599FAC2" box="[698,906,1375,1401]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661FFFCDFD45E2078521FAC2" box="[698,818,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Crossaster</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are very different from one another.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661FFFCDFF38E2DB8280F9EA" blockId="46.[151,1437,978,1725]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Molecular phylogenetic reviews have shown varying results when comparing asteroid species in the same genus from northern and southern hemispheres.
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661FFFCDFD2EE2FF82B8FA7A" authority=", sensu Clark &amp; Downey (1992)" authorityName=", sensu Clark &amp; Downey" authorityYear="1992" box="[721,1195,1447,1473]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Porania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661FFFCDFD2EE2FF853EFA7B" box="[721,813,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Porania</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661FFFCDFCBFE2FF856DFA7B" box="[832,894,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661FFFCDFC75E2FF82B8FA7A" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E." box="[906,1195,1447,1473]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref56430" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark &amp; Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
included Arctic and Antarctic species. However, following phylogenetic work by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661FFFCDFCBEE2938232FA5E" author="Mah C. L. &amp; Foltz D. W." box="[833,1057,1483,1509]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="327 - 372" refId="ref60660" refString="Mah C. L. &amp; Foltz D. W. (2014) New Taxa and Taxonomic Revisions to the Poraniidae (Valvatacea; Asteroidea) with Comments on Feeding Biology. Zootaxa, 3795 (3), 327 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3795.3.7" type="journal article" year="2014">Mah &amp; Foltz (2014)</bibRefCitation>
this was found to be paraphyletic, including two divergent lineages resulting in the Antarctic taxon being returned to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661FFFCDFB68E2B78301F9B2" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1916" box="[1175,1298,1519,1545]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Glabraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661FFFCDFB68E2B78301F9B2" box="[1175,1298,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Glabraster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In contrast, a phylogenetic overview of
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661FFFCDFE1FE14B84D1F996" box="[480,706,1555,1581]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661FFFCDFE1FE14B8475F997" box="[480,614,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Hippasteria</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F661FFFCDFD2BE14B858FF996" author="Foltz, D. &amp; Fatland, S. &amp; Eleaume, M. &amp; Markello, K. &amp; Howell, K. &amp; Neil, K. &amp; Mah, C." box="[724,924,1555,1581]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1285 - 1296" refId="ref57921" refString="Foltz, D., Fatland, S., Eleaume, M., Markello, K., Howell, K., Neil, K. &amp; Mah, C. (2013) Global population divergence of the sea star Hippasteria phrygiana corresponds to onset of the last glacial period of the Pleistocene. Marine Biology, 160 (5), 1285 - 1296. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 013 - 2180 - 1" type="journal article" year="2013">
Foltz
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661FFFCDFCE5E14B8543F996" box="[794,848,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
; Mah
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661FFFCDFC15E14B8233F996" box="[1002,1056,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
. 2014) in northern and southern hemispheres revealed that multiple species were part of a widely distributed single species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661FFFCDFF38E1038726F906" blockId="46.[151,1437,978,1725]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
More robust sampling of relevant Northern and Southern Hemisphere species will be necessary to more fully test relationships between lineages in order to fully determine their diversification patterns and to test the monophyly of
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661FFFCDFF49E1FB873DF906" authorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1840" box="[182,302,1699,1725]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Crossaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661FFFCDFF49E1FB873DF906" box="[182,302,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Crossaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3706575661FFFCDFF68E1B28797F8CA" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661FFFCDFF68E1B28731F8BF" blockId="46.[151,1437,1770,1905]" box="[151,290,1770,1796]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661FFFCDFF68E1B28731F8BF" bold="true" box="[151,290,1770,1796]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Occurrence</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661FFFCDFF38E0578797F8CA" blockId="46.[151,1437,1770,1905]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E661FFFCDFF38E057874AF892" box="[199,345,1807,1833]" name="South Africa" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, Marion Island,
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E661FFFCDFDEAE0578470F892" box="[533,611,1807,1833]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Tristan</collectingCountry>
de
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E661FFFCDFD71E05784C9F892" box="[654,730,1807,1833]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Cunha</collectingCountry>
, Gough Islands, Bass Strait, Tasmanian coast, Southeast coast of
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E661FFFCDFF47E06B8731F8F6" box="[184,290,1843,1869]" name="Australia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AEF81C661FFFCDFECEE06B8410F8F6" box="[305,515,1843,1869]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AEF81C661FFFCDFDEEE06B846CF8F6" box="[529,639,1843,1869]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
, off Cape Hawke, Western Australian coast,
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E661FFFCDFB71E06B834BF8F6" box="[1166,1368,1843,1869]" name="Australia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Macquarie Island</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E661FFFCDFA98E06B86E6F8CA" name="New Zealand" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
.
<quantity id="4C929B1B661FFFCDFF00E00E8793F8CA" box="[255,384,1878,1905]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.16" metricValueMax="11.52" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="616.0" valueMax="1152.0" valueMin="80.0">80–1152 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3706575661FFFCCFF68E0C68553FB8E" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661FFFCDFF68E0C6876CF803" blockId="46.[151,1437,1950,2013]" box="[151,383,1950,1976]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<heading id="D09D8192661FFFCDFF68E0C6876CF803" bold="true" box="[151,383,1950,1976]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661FFFCDFF68E0C6876CF803" bold="true" box="[151,383,1950,1976]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Material Examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661FFFCCFF38E09B84C4FEA6" blockId="46.[151,1437,1950,2013]" lastBlockId="47.[151,1437,150,1077]" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA3661FFFCCFF38E09B84C4FEA6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000372" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<collectionCode id="ED7BAE3B661FFFCDFF38E09B870BF866" box="[199,280,1987,2013]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
1123438, East of
<collectingRegion id="49AEF81C661FFFCDFE17E09B8446F866" box="[488,597,1987,2013]" country="New Zealand" name="Auckland" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Auckland</collectingRegion>
Islands,
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E661FFFCDFD43E09B8545F866" box="[700,854,1987,2013]" name="New Zealand" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, South Pacific Ocean, −50.858, 166.7,
<quantity id="4C929B1B661FFFCDFAEAE09A838BF866" box="[1301,1432,1986,2013]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" metricValueMax="1.39" metricValueMin="1.35" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="137.0" valueMax="139.0" valueMin="135.0">
135–
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD77661FFFCDFAB2E09A838BF866" box="[1357,1432,1986,2013]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="generic">139 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Coll. R/V
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661EFFCCFEF3E7CF874DFF0A" box="[268,350,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Eltanin</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFD4103E661EFFCCFE92E7CF8417FF0A" box="[365,516,150,177]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1965-02-19">19 Feb. 1965</date>
. 20 dry specs. R=5.1 r=2.0, R=3.5 r=1.7, R=4.3 r=1.7, R=4.6 r=1.8, R=4.4 r=1.8, R=3.7 r=1.7, R=3.7 r=1.5, R=5.3 r=2.3, R=2.2 r=1.0, R=1.7 r=0.8, R=1.1 r=0.5, R=1.1 r=0.4, R=1.2 r=0.4, R=1.0 r=0.4, R=1.2 r=0.4, R=0.9 r=0.5, R=1.2 r=0.5, R=1.3 r=0.5 R=0.8 r=0.3, R=1.0 r=0.3, 11 arms, R=3.4 r=1.2, R=0.8 r=0.3, 10 arms, R=3.8 r=1.6, R=0.8 r=0.4, 12 arms.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661EFFCCFF38E67F8597FEDE" blockId="47.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA3661EFFCCFF38E67F8597FEDE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000344" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<collectionCode id="ED7BAE3B661EFFCCFF38E67F870BFEFA" box="[199,280,295,321]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
1122439, East of
<collectingRegion id="49AEF81C661EFFCCFE17E67F8446FEFA" box="[488,597,295,321]" country="New Zealand" name="Auckland" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Auckland</collectingRegion>
Islands,
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E661EFFCCFD43E67F8545FEFA" box="[700,854,295,321]" name="New Zealand" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, South Pacific Ocean, −50.858, 166.7,
<quantity id="4C929B1B661EFFCCFAEAE67E838BFEFA" box="[1301,1432,294,321]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" metricValueMax="1.39" metricValueMin="1.35" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="137.0" valueMax="139.0" valueMin="135.0">
135–
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD77661EFFCCFAB2E67E838BFEFA" box="[1357,1432,294,321]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="generic">139 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Coll. R/V
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661EFFCCFEF4E613874EFEDE" box="[267,349,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Eltanin</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFD4103E661EFFCCFE94E6138412FEDE" box="[363,513,330,357]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1965-02-19">19 Feb. 1965</date>
. 1 dry spec. R=3.1 r=1.5, 11 arms.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661EFFCCFF38E6378252FE16" blockId="47.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA3661EFFCCFF38E6378252FE16" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000387" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<collectionCode id="ED7BAE3B661EFFCCFF38E637870BFE32" box="[199,280,367,393]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
1122443, Macquarie Island,
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E661EFFCCFD9CE63784EEFE32" box="[611,765,367,393]" name="New Zealand" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, South Pacific Ocean, −54.525, 159.025,
<quantity id="4C929B1B661EFFCCFB2BE637834AFE32" box="[1236,1369,367,393]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.04" metricValueMax="7.14" metricValueMin="4.9399999999999995" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="604.0" valueMax="714.0" valueMin="494.0">
494−
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD77661EFFCCFAF1E637834AFE32" box="[1294,1369,367,393]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="generic">714 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Coll. R/V
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661EFFCCFF33E6CB870DFE16" box="[204,286,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Eltanin</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFD4103E661EFFCCFED2E6CB87D0FE16" box="[301,451,402,429]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1965-02-10">10 Feb. 1965</date>
. 2 dry specs. R=1.8 r=0.7, 10 arms, R=1.0 r=0.5, 9 arms.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661EFFCCFF38E6EF8598FE4E" blockId="47.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA3661EFFCCFF38E6EF8598FE4E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000395" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<collectionCode id="ED7BAE3B661EFFCCFF38E6EF870BFE6A" box="[199,280,439,465]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
1122950, East of
<collectingRegion id="49AEF81C661EFFCCFE17E6EF8446FE6A" box="[488,597,439,465]" country="New Zealand" name="Auckland" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Auckland</collectingRegion>
Islands,
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E661EFFCCFD43E6EF8544FE6A" box="[700,855,439,465]" name="New Zealand" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
, South Pacific Ocean, −50.858, 166.7,
<quantity id="4C929B1B661EFFCCFAEAE6EE838BFE6A" box="[1301,1432,438,465]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" metricValueMax="1.39" metricValueMin="1.35" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="137.0" valueMax="139.0" valueMin="135.0">
135–
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD77661EFFCCFAB2E6EE838BFE6A" box="[1357,1432,438,465]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="generic">139 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Coll. R/V
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661EFFCCFEF4E683874EFE4E" box="[267,349,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Eltanin</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFD4103E661EFFCCFE94E6838412FE4E" box="[363,513,474,501]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1965-02-19">19 Feb. 1965</date>
. 1 dry spec. R= 5.2 r=2.3, 11 arms.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661EFFCCFF38E6A7845BFD86" blockId="47.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA3661EFFCCFF38E6A7845BFD86" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000416" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<collectionCode id="ED7BAE3B661EFFCCFF38E6A7870BFDA2" box="[199,280,511,537]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
1521168, Hjort Seamount,
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E661EFFCCFDB4E6A78503FDA2" box="[587,784,511,537]" name="Australia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Macquarie Island</collectingCountry>
, −56.333, 156.483,
<quantity id="4C929B1B661EFFCCFC12E6A7827DFDA2" box="[1005,1134,511,537]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.375" metricValueMax="8.42" metricValueMin="8.33" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="837.5" valueMax="842.0" valueMin="833.0">
833–
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD77661EFFCCFBDBE6A7827DFDA2" box="[1060,1134,511,537]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="generic">842 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Coll. R/V
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661EFFCCFB16E6A78328FDA2" box="[1257,1339,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Eltanin</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFD4103E661EFFCCFAB6E6A786C1FD86" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1965-02-12">12 Feb. 1965</date>
. 1 dry spec. R=1.4 r=0.5, 9 arms.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661EFFCCFF38E51F8482FD3E" blockId="47.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA3661EFFCCFF38E51F8482FD3E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000311" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
WAM Z105079, Ningaloo,
<collectingRegion id="49AEF81C661EFFCCFDF9E51F84C6FDDA" box="[518,725,583,609]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
. −34.625556, 119.974444,
<quantity id="4C929B1B661EFFCCFBEEE51F8291FDDA" box="[1041,1154,583,609]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0745999999999998" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="1074.6">1074.6 m</quantity>
. Coll. A.M. Hosie &amp; A. Hara,
<date id="FFD4103E661EFFCCFF23E5338760FD3E" box="[220,371,619,645]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2020-02-12">12 Feb. 2020</date>
. 1 wet spec. R=4.6 r=1.2.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661EFFCCFF38E5D78453FD4A" blockId="47.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA3661EFFCCFF38E5D78453FD4A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000409" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
MV F270825, Baseline, Tasmanian Seamounts,
<collectingRegion id="49AEF81C661EFFCCFD0CE5D78572FD12" box="[755,865,655,681]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E661EFFCCFC91E5D785CBFD12" box="[878,984,655,681]" name="Australia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Australia</collectingCountry>
. −44.106111, 146.203611, 965−
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD77661EFFCCFAB5E5D6838EFD12" box="[1354,1437,654,681]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C929B1B661EFFCCFAB5E5D6838BFD12" box="[1354,1432,654,681]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="940.0">940 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Coll. Coll. A. Williams, A.A. Weber &amp; R-L Erickson, CSIRO, R/V
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661EFFCCFC6AE5EB820FFD77" box="[917,1052,691,716]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemichthyidae" genus="Investigator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661EFFCCFC6AE5EB820FFD77" box="[917,1052,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Investigator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFD4103E661EFFCCFBD4E5EB82AAFD76" box="[1067,1209,691,717]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2018-12-06">6 Dec. 2018</date>
. 2 wet specs. R=1.7 r=0.8, 10 arms. R=0.7 r=0.3, 10 arms.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661EFFCCFF38E5A386EBFCE6" blockId="47.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA3661EFFCCFF38E5A386EBFCE6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000392" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
MV F 270830, Central north Tasmanian Seamounts,
<collectingRegion id="49AEF81C661EFFCCFCEDE5A38593FCAE" box="[786,896,763,789]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E661EFFCCFC76E5A385E0FCAE" box="[905,1011,763,789]" name="Australia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Australia</collectingCountry>
. −44.153056, 147.195,
<quantity id="4C929B1B661EFFCCFB06E5A3838BFCAE" box="[1273,1432,763,789]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.019" metricValueMax="1.0379999999999998" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="1019.0" valueMax="1038.0" valueMin="1000.0">1000−1038 m</quantity>
. Coll. A. Williams, A.A. Weber &amp; R-L Erickson, CSIRO, R/V
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661EFFCCFCB3E44785C0FC83" box="[844,979,799,824]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemichthyidae" genus="Investigator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661EFFCCFCB3E44785C0FC83" box="[844,979,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Investigator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFD4103E661EFFCCFC1DE447826DFC82" box="[994,1150,799,825]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2018-11-27">27 Nov. 2018</date>
. 1 wet spec. R=0.6 r=0.2, 10 arms.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661EFFCCFF38E43F849EFC72" blockId="47.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA3661EFFCCFF38E43F849EFC72" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000301" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
MV F270824, Pedra southern Flank, Tasmanian Seamounts,
<collectingRegion id="49AEF81C661EFFCCFC79E43F85E7FC3A" box="[902,1012,871,897]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E661EFFCCFBFEE43F8278FC3A" box="[1025,1131,871,897]" name="Australia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Australia</collectingCountry>
. −44.267778, 147.108889,
<quantity id="4C929B1B661EFFCCFF68E4D28734FC1E" box="[151,295,906,933]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0485" metricValueMax="1.182" metricValueMin="0.915" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="1048.5" valueMax="1182.0" valueMin="915.0">915−1182 m</quantity>
. Coll. A. Williams, A.A. Weber &amp; R-L Erickson, CSIRO, R/V
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661EFFCCFC21E4D38276FC1F" box="[990,1125,907,932]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemichthyidae" genus="Investigator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661EFFCCFC21E4D38276FC1F" box="[990,1125,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Investigator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFD4103E661EFFCCFB8DE4D2831FFC1E" box="[1138,1292,906,933]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2018-11-25">25 Nov. 2018</date>
. 2 wet specs. R=2.1 r=0.8, 10 arms, R=2.3 r=0.8, 10 arms.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536FE661EFFCCFF38E48B8553FB8E" blockId="47.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA3661EFFCCFF38E48B8553FB8E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000341" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
MV F270831 Baseline, Tasmanian Seamounts,
<collectingRegion id="49AEF81C661EFFCCFD23E48B8559FC56" box="[732,842,979,1005]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E661EFFCCFCABE48B85ADFC56" box="[852,958,979,1005]" name="Australia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Australia</collectingCountry>
. −44.096111, 146.679722,
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD77661EFFCCFB10E48A832EFC56" box="[1263,1341,978,1005]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C929B1B661EFFCCFB10E48A832AFC56" box="[1263,1337,978,1005]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="560.0">560 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
Coll. A. Williams, A.A. Weber &amp; R-L Erickson, CSIRO, R/V
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D661EFFCCFD13E4AF8560FBAB" box="[748,883,1015,1040]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Nemichthyidae" genus="Investigator" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC661EFFCCFD13E4AF8560FBAB" box="[748,883,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Investigator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFD4103E661EFFCCFC7DE4AF821DFBAA" box="[898,1038,1015,1041]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2018-12-08">8 Dec. 2018</date>
. 2 wet spec. R=0.6 r=0.2, 10 arms, R=0.3 r=0.2, 11 arms.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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