398 lines
50 KiB
XML
398 lines
50 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F1315E7ADF4DBD973419347B7B7B6691">New Genera, Species, and observations on the biology of Antarctic Valvatida (Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C387E86603FFD6FF68E3E68528FE16" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090188" ID-GBIF-Taxon="210479599" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8090188" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C387E86603FFD6FF68E3E68528FE16" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C387E86603FFD6FF68E3E68528FE16" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<subSubSection id="C37065756603FFD1FF68E3E68440FB62" box="[151,595,1214,1241]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD536FE6603FFD1FF68E3E68440FB62" blockId="50.[151,927,1214,1307]" box="[151,595,1214,1241]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<heading id="D09D81926603FFD1FF68E3E68440FB62" box="[151,595,1214,1241]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6603FFD1FF68E3E68440FB62" ID-CoL="3W22B" authority="Koehler, 1907" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,595,1214,1241]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6603FFD1FF68E3E687B6FB62" bold="true" box="[151,421,1214,1241]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Lophaster abbreviatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6603FFD1FE53E3E78440FB62" author="Koehler, R." box="[428,595,1215,1241]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="140 - 147" refId="ref59234" refString="Koehler, R. (1907) Asteries et Echinides recueillis dans les mers australes par la Scotia (1902 - 1904). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 32 (6), 140 - 147." type="journal article" year="1907">Koehler, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37065756603FFD1FF68E3BB874BFB46" box="[151,344,1251,1277]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD536FE6603FFD1FF68E3BB874BFB46" blockId="50.[151,927,1214,1307]" box="[151,344,1251,1277]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<figureCitation id="13512A7B6603FFD1FF68E3BB874BFB46" box="[151,344,1251,1277]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-93@51.[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 16. Lophaster abbreviatus USNM 1660590. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup showing paxillae with spinelets. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup of oral and furrow spine region. E. Closeup of furrow spine and marginal paxillae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8090280/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 16 A–E</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37065756603FFD1FF68E25B858CFAA0" box="[151,927,1283,1307]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD536FE6603FFD1FF68E25B858CFAA0" blockId="50.[151,927,1214,1307]" box="[151,927,1283,1307]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF6603FFD1FF68E25B845BFAA0" author="Koehler, R." box="[151,584,1283,1307]" page="144" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1907">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6603FFD1FF68E25B845BFAA0" ID-CoL="3W22B" authority="Koehler, 1907: 144" authorityName="Koehler" authorityPageNumber="144" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,584,1283,1307]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6603FFD1FF68E25B8768FAA0" box="[151,379,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Lophaster abbreviatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6603FFD1FE7EE25B845BFAA0" author="Koehler, R." box="[385,584,1283,1307]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="140 - 147" refId="ref59234" refString="Koehler, R. (1907) Asteries et Echinides recueillis dans les mers australes par la Scotia (1902 - 1904). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 32 (6), 140 - 147." type="journal article" year="1907">Koehler, 1907: 144</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF6603FFD1FDADE25B84A8FAA0" author="Koehler, R." box="[594,699,1283,1307]" page="557" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1908">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6603FFD1FDADE25B84A8FAA0" author="Koehler, R." box="[594,699,1283,1307]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="529 - 649" refId="ref59270" refString="Koehler, R. (1908) Asteries, Ophiures et Echinides de l'Expedition antarctique nationale ecossaise. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 46, 529 - 649. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 008045680000380 X" type="journal article" year="1908">1908: 557</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; A.M.
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACB10EF6603FFD1FCFFE25B8589FAA0" author="Clark, A. M." box="[768,922,1283,1307]" page="50" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1962">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6603FFD1FCFFE25B8589FAA0" author="Clark, A. M." box="[768,922,1283,1307]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="68 - 70" refId="ref56254" refString="Clark, A. M. (1962) Asteroidea. B. A. N. Z. Antarctic Research Expedition 1929 - 1931, B 9, 68 - 70." type="journal article" year="1962">Clark 1962: 50</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37065756603FFD1FF68E2118545F938" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD536FE6603FFD1FF68E2118719FAD8" blockId="50.[151,1437,1353,1668]" box="[151,266,1353,1379]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6603FFD1FF68E2118719FAD8" bold="true" box="[151,266,1353,1379]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD536FE6603FFD1FF38E2368545F938" blockId="50.[151,1437,1353,1668]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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A stellate species (R/r=2.3–2.4) with strongly arched disk, short triangular arms, interradial arcs weakly curved to straight (
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<figureCitation id="13512A7B6603FFD1FEE5E2C98797FA10" box="[282,388,1425,1451]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-93@51.[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 16. Lophaster abbreviatus USNM 1660590. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup showing paxillae with spinelets. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup of oral and furrow spine region. E. Closeup of furrow spine and marginal paxillae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8090280/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
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). Abactinal paxillar shaft very short, bearing 2 to 4 elongate hyaline spines, weakly serrated widely spaced over the abactinal surface (
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<figureCitation id="13512A7B6603FFD1FD95E2ED84C3FA74" box="[618,720,1461,1487]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-93@51.[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 16. Lophaster abbreviatus USNM 1660590. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup showing paxillae with spinelets. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup of oral and furrow spine region. E. Closeup of furrow spine and marginal paxillae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8090280/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 16B</figureCitation>
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). Marginal paxillae approximately 22–24 per interradius (11–12 per arm), widely spaced, each shaft round in cross-section bearing 3–6, mostly five, fine hyaline spines (
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<figureCitation id="13512A7B6603FFD1FAD6E2818383FA48" box="[1321,1424,1497,1523]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-93@51.[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 16. Lophaster abbreviatus USNM 1660590. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup showing paxillae with spinelets. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup of oral and furrow spine region. E. Closeup of furrow spine and marginal paxillae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8090280/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 16C</figureCitation>
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). Sequential adambulacral plates separated from one another by opaque tissue. Furrow spines 3 on first adambulacral plate, then mostly 2, and a single spine on distalmost adambulacral plates. Subambulacral spines 3, then single along arm (
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<figureCitation id="13512A7B6603FFD1FF2CE11D874DF9E4" box="[211,350,1605,1631]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-93@51.[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 16. Lophaster abbreviatus USNM 1660590. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup showing paxillae with spinelets. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup of oral and furrow spine region. E. Closeup of furrow spine and marginal paxillae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8090280/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 16D, E</figureCitation>
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). Oral plates with raised, distinct ridges, furrow spines on oral plates 7 to 9, identical to furrow spines on adambulacral plates. No spines on oral plate surface.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37065756603FFD7FF68E1E987EDFDAD" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD536FE6603FFD1FF68E1E9870BF970" blockId="50.[151,1437,1713,2028]" box="[151,280,1713,1739]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6603FFD1FF68E1E9870BF970" bold="true" box="[151,280,1713,1739]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Comments</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD536FE6603FFD1FF38E18D8492F8C4" blockId="50.[151,1437,1713,2028]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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This represents the first account of this species since its description by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6603FFD1FC19E18D8285F954" author="Koehler, R." box="[998,1174,1749,1775]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="529 - 649" refId="ref59270" refString="Koehler, R. (1908) Asteries, Ophiures et Echinides de l'Expedition antarctique nationale ecossaise. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 46, 529 - 649. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 008045680000380 X" type="journal article" year="1908">Koehler (1908)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6603FFD1FB5FE18D8724F8A8" authority="Koehler, 1908" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1908" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6603FFD1FB5FE18D838FF954" box="[1184,1436,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Lophaster abbreviatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6603FFD1FF68E1A18724F8A8" author="Koehler, R." box="[151,311,1785,1811]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="529 - 649" refId="ref59270" refString="Koehler, R. (1908) Asteries, Ophiures et Echinides de l'Expedition antarctique nationale ecossaise. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 46, 529 - 649. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 008045680000380 X" type="journal article" year="1908">Koehler, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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was argued as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6603FFD1FD7DE1A18542F8A8" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[642,849,1785,1811]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stellans">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6603FFD1FD7DE1A18542F8A8" box="[642,849,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Lophaster stellans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by A.M.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6603FFD1FC43E1A1825CF8A8" author="Clark, A. M." box="[956,1103,1785,1811]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="68 - 70" refId="ref56254" refString="Clark, A. M. (1962) Asteroidea. B. A. N. Z. Antarctic Research Expedition 1929 - 1931, B 9, 68 - 70." type="journal article" year="1962">Clark (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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. Specimens examined herein, which included specimens collected from the South
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<collectingCountry id="F37D766E6603FFD1FD25E0458590F88C" box="[730,899,1821,1847]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Orkney Islands</collectingCountry>
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near the
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<typeStatus id="54D1885C6603FFD1FC17E046820BF883" box="[1000,1048,1822,1848]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
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locality (specimens from
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,
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,
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<typeStatus id="54D1885C6603FFD1FEFDE01A8721F8E7" box="[258,306,1858,1884]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
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specimen from
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE5E50396603FFD1FDAEE01984BCF8E0" box="[593,687,1857,1883]" degrees="41.333" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" precision="55" value="-41.333">−41.333</geoCoordinate>
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) support
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<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6603FFD1FCE7E01A85ABF8E0" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1908" box="[792,952,1857,1883]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
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<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6603FFD1FCE7E01A85ABF8E0" box="[792,952,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">L. abbreviatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a distinct species, varying only in minor respects from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6603FFD1FEC9E03D87E6F8C4" author="Koehler, R." box="[310,501,1893,1919]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="529 - 649" refId="ref59270" refString="Koehler, R. (1908) Asteries, Ophiures et Echinides de l'Expedition antarctique nationale ecossaise. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 46, 529 - 649. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 008045680000380 X" type="journal article" year="1908">Koehler’s (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6603FFD0FF38E0D18349FEA6" blockId="50.[151,1437,1713,2028]" lastBlockId="51.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Examined specimens are all larger than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D1885C6603FFD1FD51E0D18503F818" box="[686,784,1929,1955]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(R=
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B6603FFD1FCBBE0D18583F818" box="[836,912,1929,1955]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="cm" value="1.1">1.1 cm</quantity>
|
||
) but show a similar overall R/r=2.3–2.4 versus the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D1885C6603FFD1FF3CE0F58736F87C" box="[195,293,1965,1991]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
R/r=2.2 as well as a thick disk and short, stocky triangular arms. Specimens herein possess 3 to 8, mostly 4 elongate abactinal hyaline spines with weak serrations which are longer than the short, stocky peduncle of each paxillae. There are 11 to 12 marginal paxillae per arm, versus the 10 on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D1885C6602FFD0FBE7E7CF826DFF0A" box="[1048,1150,151,177]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The fewer paxillae could be explained by the smaller size of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D1885C6602FFD0FDA3E7E384ADFF6E" box="[604,702,187,213]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(R=
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B6602FFD0FD0BE7E38556FF6E" box="[756,837,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="cm" value="1.1">1.1 cm</quantity>
|
||
). Specimens have three furrow spines, decreasing to two distally, which is identical to the adambulacral spination on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D1885C6602FFD0FC73E78785E1FF42" box="[908,1010,223,249]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Spines on the oral plate varies among specimens herein, ranging from 6 to 8 which is again consistent with the 7 or 8 described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0F6602FFD0FB58E65B8344FEA6" author="Koehler, R." box="[1191,1367,259,285]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="529 - 649" refId="ref59270" refString="Koehler, R. (1908) Asteries, Ophiures et Echinides de l'Expedition antarctique nationale ecossaise. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 46, 529 - 649. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 008045680000380 X" type="journal article" year="1908">Koehler (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1566766602FFD0FF68E00382E8F82C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090280" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8090280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8090280/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" startId="51.[151,250,1883,1907]" targetBox="[151,1436,345,1859]" targetPageId="51" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6602FFD0FF68E00382E8F82C" blockId="51.[151,1436,1882,1943]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6602FFD0FF68E0038732F8C8" bold="true" box="[151,289,1883,1907]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6602FFD0FED6E0028476F8C8" authority="USNM" authorityName="USNM" box="[297,613,1882,1907]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6602FFD0FED6E0028407F8C9" bold="true" box="[297,532,1882,1906]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Lophaster abbreviatus</emphasis>
|
||
USNM
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1660590.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6602FFD0FD2BE00384FEF8C8" bold="true" box="[724,749,1883,1907]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal surface.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6602FFD0FC48E00385DDF8C8" bold="true" box="[951,974,1883,1907]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Closeup showing paxillae with spinelets.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6602FFD0FA7BE003838FF8C8" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1883,1907]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Actinal surface.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6602FFD0FEC1E0278744F82C" bold="true" box="[318,343,1919,1943]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Closeup of oral and furrow spine region.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6602FFD0FD00E0278505F82C" bold="true" box="[767,790,1919,1943]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Closeup of furrow spine and marginal paxillae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6605FFD7FF38E7CF84CBFEFB" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,534]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6605FFD7FF38E7CF87D5FF0A" box="[199,454,151,177]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6605FFD7FF38E7CF87D5FF0A" box="[199,454,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Lophaster abbreviatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been mostly closely compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6605FFD7FC5EE7CF8204FF0A" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[929,1047,151,177]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stellans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6605FFD7FC5EE7CF8204FF0A" box="[929,1047,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">L. stellans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but differs significantly based on a larger disk and shorter arms (R/r=2.2–2.4), having elongate single point spines with serrate edges that extend past the squat pedunculate base versus short paxillar spinelets having flanged, multi-pointed tips, and a pedunclelike paxillae versus a paxillae with an elongate shaft.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6605FFD7FD03E65A85EAFEA7" box="[764,1017,258,284]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6605FFD7FD03E65A85EAFEA7" box="[764,1017,258,284]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Lophaster abbreviatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also displays 3 then 2 furrow spines (proximal then distal) versus 4 then
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B6605FFD7FDD3E67E8444FEFB" box="[556,599,294,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6605FFD7FDA2E67E84CBFEFB" box="[605,728,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6605FFD7FDA2E67E84C7FEFB" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[605,724,294,320]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stellans">L. stellans</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6605FFD7FF38E6118543FE3C" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,534]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
The squat pedunculate abactinal plate base with elongate spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6605FFD7FC55E6118222FED8" box="[938,1073,329,355]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-93@51.[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 16. Lophaster abbreviatus USNM 1660590. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup showing paxillae with spinelets. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup of oral and furrow spine region. E. Closeup of furrow spine and marginal paxillae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8090280/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 16A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6605FFD7FB9FE6128311FED8" box="[1120,1282,329,355]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6605FFD7FB9FE6128311FED8" box="[1120,1282,329,355]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">L. abbreviatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
distinguishes this species from all the other high-latitude
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6605FFD7FD80E6358543FE3C" box="[639,848,365,391]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6605FFD7FD80E63584E2FE3C" box="[639,753,365,391]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Lophaster</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6605FFD7FF38E6C987EDFDAD" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,534]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
The very deep depth range of this species (
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B6605FFD7FD62E6C98529FE10" box="[669,826,401,427]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.415" metricValueMax="3.944" metricValueMin="2.886" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3415.0" valueMax="3944.0" valueMin="2886.0">2886–3944 m</quantity>
|
||
) further separates this species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6605FFD7FB37E6C98385FE10" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[1224,1430,401,427]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stellans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6605FFD7FB37E6C98385FE10" box="[1224,1430,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Lophaster stellans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a largely shallow range (
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B6605FFD7FDE0E6EC8481FE74" box="[543,658,436,463]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.405" metricValueMax="4.63" metricValueMin="0.18" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="240.5" valueMax="463.0" valueMin="18.0">18–463 m</quantity>
|
||
) that does not show overlapping range with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6605FFD7FB7EE6EC836FFE75" box="[1153,1404,436,462]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6605FFD7FB7EE6EC836FFE75" box="[1153,1404,436,462]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Lophaster abbreviatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. If
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6605FFD7FF68E6808781FE49" box="[151,402,472,498]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abbreviatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6605FFD7FF68E6808781FE49" box="[151,402,472,498]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Lophaster abbreviatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is removed from the potential synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6605FFD7FC82E6808259FE49" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[893,1098,472,498]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stellans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6605FFD7FC82E6808259FE49" box="[893,1098,472,498]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Lophaster stellans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is the deepest-known of the high-latitude
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7D6605FFD7FED2E6A487EDFDAD" box="[301,510,508,534]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6605FFD7FED2E6A4878CFDAD" box="[301,415,508,534]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Lophaster</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37065756605FFD7FF68E51B856EFD39" box="[151,893,579,642]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6605FFD7FF68E51B8731FDE6" blockId="52.[151,893,579,642]" box="[151,290,579,605]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6605FFD7FF68E51B8731FDE6" bold="true" box="[151,290,579,605]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6605FFD7FF38E53F856EFD39" blockId="52.[151,893,579,642]" box="[199,893,615,642]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E6605FFD7FF38E53F8732FD3A" box="[199,289,615,641]" name="Georgia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E6605FFD7FE5FE53F845EFD3A" box="[416,589,615,641]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Orkney Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Scotia Sea,
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B6605FFD7FD24E53F856AFD39" box="[731,889,615,642]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.415" metricValueMax="3.944" metricValueMin="2.886" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3415.0" valueMax="3944.0" valueMin="2886.0">2886–3944 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37065756605FFD7FF68E5F686E3FA45" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6605FFD7FF68E5F68732FD73" blockId="52.[151,1437,686,1534]" box="[151,289,686,712]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6605FFD7FF68E5F68732FD73" bold="true" box="[151,289,686,712]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6605FFD7FF38E58A84B1FCAB" blockId="52.[151,1437,686,1534]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Body thick, stellate (R/r=2.3–2.4), arms broad based, triangular, interradial arcs weakly curved to acute. Abactinal surface, strongly convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6605FFD7FDD2E5AE8486FCAB" box="[557,661,758,784]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-93@51.[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 16. Lophaster abbreviatus USNM 1660590. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup showing paxillae with spinelets. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup of oral and furrow spine region. E. Closeup of furrow spine and marginal paxillae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8090280/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6605FFD7FF38E442877CFBB1" blockId="52.[151,1437,686,1534]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Abactinal plates forming widely meshed reticulate network, skin present between reticulated plates. Paxillae with quadrate bases but also part of irregular net-like patterns over body surface. Individual plates cylindrical, short, overlapping. Smaller, individual irregular plates present distally on arm. Individual paxillar shaft short, each bearing mostly 2 to 4, spines radiating out from paxillar base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6605FFD7FCF7E4DD8563FC24" box="[776,880,901,927]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-93@51.[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 16. Lophaster abbreviatus USNM 1660590. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup showing paxillae with spinelets. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup of oral and furrow spine region. E. Closeup of furrow spine and marginal paxillae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8090280/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||
), each spinelet serrated with hyaline tip. Surface covered by thin dermis. Paxillar plates occurring more closely together along arm tips than on disk. Madreporite polygonal to oval, raised above surface with well-developed sulci. Paired “fold” of abactinal plates present in each interradius on disk.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6605FFD7FF38E34C84E6FABF" blockId="52.[151,1437,686,1534]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Marginal paxillae 22 per interradius (approximately 11 per arm), superomarginal and inferomarginal plates approximately similar in size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6605FFD7FE0FE3608444FBE9" box="[496,599,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-93@51.[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 16. Lophaster abbreviatus USNM 1660590. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup showing paxillae with spinelets. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup of oral and furrow spine region. E. Closeup of furrow spine and marginal paxillae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8090280/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 16C</figureCitation>
|
||
), widely spaced from one another serially along arm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6605FFD7FB45E360830DFBE9" box="[1210,1310,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-93@51.[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 16. Lophaster abbreviatus USNM 1660590. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup showing paxillae with spinelets. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup of oral and furrow spine region. E. Closeup of furrow spine and marginal paxillae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8090280/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 16E</figureCitation>
|
||
) as well as laterally with distinct gap separating the superomarginal from the inferomarginal. Each plate, round in cross-section, each with 3 to 6, mostly 5, spines with hyaline tips. Marginal plates appear to be embedded within an opaque dermis present between plates along lateral and actinal areas. Inferomarginal series encroaching onto actinal intermediate regions forming rounded actinolateral surface. Terminal plates large, approximately the same size as three adjacent superomarginals, with distinct notch present centrally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6605FFD7FF38E2568477FAF7" blockId="52.[151,1437,686,1534]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Actinal intermediate region with one or two irregular reticulated plates, bearing two spines, but otherwise covered by an opaque dermis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6605FFD7FE10E26A8444FAF7" box="[495,599,1330,1356]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-93@51.[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 16. Lophaster abbreviatus USNM 1660590. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup showing paxillae with spinelets. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup of oral and furrow spine region. E. Closeup of furrow spine and marginal paxillae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8090280/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 16D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6605FFD7FF38E20E86E3FA45" blockId="52.[151,1437,686,1534]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Adambulacral plates separated from one another by opaque tissue. Furrow spines 3 on first adambulacral plate, then mostly 2, a single spine on distalmost adambulacral plates. Each spine slender and elongate, weakly webbed at base. Subambulacral spines 3, then single along arm. Oral plates with raised, distinct ridges, furrow spines on oral plates 7 to 9, these identical to furrow spines on adambulacral plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13512A7B6605FFD7FC0EE299826FFA60" box="[1009,1148,1473,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-93@51.[151,1436,345,1859]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 16. Lophaster abbreviatus USNM 1660590. A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup showing paxillae with spinelets. C. Actinal surface. D. Closeup of oral and furrow spine region. E. Closeup of furrow spine and marginal paxillae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8090280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8090280/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 16D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). No spines on oral plate surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37065756605FFD6FF68E1748528FE16" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6605FFD7FF68E174876CF9FD" blockId="52.[151,1437,1580,2036]" box="[151,383,1580,1606]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<heading id="D09D81926605FFD7FF68E174876CF9FD" bold="true" box="[151,383,1580,1606]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6605FFD7FF68E174876CF9FD" bold="true" box="[151,383,1580,1606]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Material Examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6605FFD7FF38E10885DFF942" blockId="52.[151,1437,1580,2036]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA36605FFD7FF38E10885DFF942" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000381" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7BAE3B6605FFD7FF38E108870BF9D1" box="[199,280,1616,1642]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1418038,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E6605FFD7FE72E1088420F9D1" box="[397,563,1616,1642]" name="Georgia Island" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Georgia Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Scotia Sea, South Atlantic Ocean, −55.092, −39.842,
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B6605FFD7FB74E108833BF9D1" box="[1163,1320,1616,1642]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.963" metricValueMax="3.04" metricValueMin="2.886" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="2963.0" valueMax="3040.0" valueMin="2886.0">2886–3040 m</quantity>
|
||
. Coll. R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6605FFD7FF68E12B86FAF936" box="[151,233,1651,1677]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Eltanin</emphasis>
|
||
, USAP,
|
||
<date id="FFD4103E6605FFD7FEB7E12C87DDF936" box="[328,462,1651,1678]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1966-02-08">8 Feb. 1966</date>
|
||
. 28 dry specs. R=1.3 r=0.5, R=1.3 r=0.6, R=1.3 r=0.6, R=1.8 r=0.8, R=1.3 r=0.5, R=1.7 r=0.7, R=1.7 r=0.6, R=0.8 r=0.3, R=1.3 r=0.5, R=1.5 r=0.5, R=1.7 r=0.7, R=1.4 r=0.6, R=1.6 r=0.6, R=1.1 r=0.4, R=2.0 r=1.3, R=1.3 r=0.6, R=1.3 r=0.6, R=1.3 r=0.6, R=1.7 r=0.7, R=1.5 r=0.7, R=1.0 r=0.5, R=1.5 r=0.6, R=1.0 r=0.5, R=1.1 r=0.5, R=1.1 r=0.5, R=1.1 r=0.5, R=1.3 r=0.8, R=1.0 r=0.3.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6605FFD7FF38E05B8456F8FB" blockId="52.[151,1437,1580,2036]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA36605FFD7FF38E05B8456F8FB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000354" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7BAE3B6605FFD7FF38E05B870BF8A6" box="[199,280,1795,1821]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1468790, Scotia Sea, South Atlantic Ocean, −57.867, −56.85,
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B6605FFD7FC2AE05B8260F8A6" box="[981,1139,1795,1821]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.866" metricValueMax="3.944" metricValueMin="3.788" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3866.0" valueMax="3944.0" valueMin="3788.0">3788–3944 m</quantity>
|
||
. Coll. R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6605FFD7FB0EE05A8350F8A7" box="[1265,1347,1794,1820]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Eltanin</emphasis>
|
||
, USAP,
|
||
<date id="FFD4103E6605FFD7FF68E07E873AF8FB" box="[151,297,1830,1857]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1966-01-24">24 Jan. 1966</date>
|
||
. 1 dry spec. R=2.8 r=0.9.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6605FFD7FF38E01284FBF833" blockId="52.[151,1437,1580,2036]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA36605FFD7FF38E01284FBF833" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000349" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7BAE3B6605FFD7FF38E012870BF8DF" box="[199,280,1866,1892]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1573488,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E6605FFD7FE71E012846FF8DF" box="[398,636,1866,1892]" name="South Georgia Island" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">South Georgia Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Scotia Sea, South Atlantic,
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B6605FFD7FC49E0128240F8DF" box="[950,1107,1866,1892]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6685" metricValueMax="3.714" metricValueMin="3.623" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3668.5" valueMax="3714.0" valueMin="3623.0">3623–3714 m</quantity>
|
||
. Coll. R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6605FFD7FB30E0128332F8DF" box="[1231,1313,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Eltanin</emphasis>
|
||
, USAP,
|
||
<date id="FFD4103E6605FFD7FA7FE0128719F83C" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1963-02-12">12 Feb. 1963</date>
|
||
. 1 dry spec. R=1.8 r=0.7 (arm tips broken)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6605FFD7FF38E0C98526F848" blockId="52.[151,1437,1580,2036]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA36605FFD7FF38E0C98526F848" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000348" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7BAE3B6605FFD7FF38E0C9870BF810" box="[199,280,1937,1963]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1573678, Scotia Sea, South Atlantic Ocean, −59.025,−51.875,
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B6605FFD7FC27E0C98266F817" box="[984,1141,1937,1964]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2600000000000002" metricValueMax="3.5100000000000002" metricValueMin="3.0100000000000002" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3260.0" valueMax="3510.0" valueMin="3010.0">3010–3510 m</quantity>
|
||
. Coll. R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6605FFD7FB0EE0C98350F810" box="[1265,1347,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Eltanin</emphasis>
|
||
, USAP,
|
||
<date id="FFD4103E6605FFD7FF68E0ED873AF874" box="[151,297,1973,2000]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1966-01-26">26 Jan. 1966</date>
|
||
. 12 dry specs. R=1.8 r=1.4, R=1.3 r=0.5, R=2.1 r=0.9, R=1.8 r=0.7, R=1.4 r=0.6, R=1.4 r=0.6, R=1.5 r=0.6, R=1.1 r=0.5, R=2.4 r=1.3, R=2.2 r=1.1, R=2.1 r=1.2.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6604FFD6FF38E7CF8232FF6E" blockId="53.[151,1437,150,429]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA36604FFD6FF38E7CF8232FF6E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000309" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7BAE3B6604FFD6FF38E7CF870BFF0A" box="[199,280,151,177]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1573489, SE of South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E6604FFD6FDD9E7CF84C6FF0A" box="[550,725,151,177]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Orkney Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean, −62.15, −40.642,
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B6604FFD6FB06E7CE838BFF0A" box="[1273,1432,150,177]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2674999999999996" metricValueMax="3.285" metricValueMin="3.25" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="3267.5" valueMax="3285.0" valueMin="3250.0">3250–3285 m</quantity>
|
||
. Coll. R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6604FFD6FEF4E7E3874EFF6E" box="[267,349,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Eltanin</emphasis>
|
||
USAP,
|
||
<date id="FFD4103E6604FFD6FE48E7E38476FF6E" box="[439,613,187,213]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1964-03-24">24 March 1964</date>
|
||
. 2 dry specs. R=1.5 r=0.7, R=1.5 r=0.6,
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6604FFD6FF38E787842DFEA6" blockId="53.[151,1437,150,429]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA36604FFD6FF38E787842DFEA6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000356" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7BAE3B6604FFD6FF38E787870BFF42" box="[199,280,223,249]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1660590, South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E6604FFD6FE1FE7878483FF42" box="[480,656,223,249]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Orkney Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Scotia Sea, −59.975, −49.233,
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B6604FFD6FBFCE78782B7FF42" box="[1027,1188,223,249]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8475" metricValueMax="3.876" metricValueMin="3.819" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="3847.5" valueMax="3876.0" valueMin="3819.0">3819–3876 m</quantity>
|
||
. Coll. R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6604FFD6FAD4E787836EFF42" box="[1323,1405,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Eltanin</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD4103E6604FFD6FA71E7878731FEA6" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1963-03-07">7 March 1963</date>
|
||
. 1 dry spec. R=2.2 r=0.9.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6604FFD6FF38E67F842DFEDE" blockId="53.[151,1437,150,429]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA36604FFD6FF38E67F842DFEDE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000306" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7BAE3B6604FFD6FF38E67F870BFEFA" box="[199,280,295,321]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1660600, South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E6604FFD6FE1FE67F8483FEFA" box="[480,656,295,321]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Orkney Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Scotia Sea, −59.975, −49.233,
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B6604FFD6FBFCE67F82B7FEFA" box="[1027,1188,295,321]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8475" metricValueMax="3.876" metricValueMin="3.819" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="3847.5" valueMax="3876.0" valueMin="3819.0">3819–3876 m</quantity>
|
||
. Coll. R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6604FFD6FAD4E67F836EFEFA" box="[1323,1405,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Eltanin</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD4103E6604FFD6FA71E67F8731FEDE" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1963-03-07">7 March 1963</date>
|
||
. 1 dry spec. R=1.8 r=1.0.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD536FE6604FFD6FF38E6378528FE16" blockId="53.[151,1437,150,429]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B023CA36604FFD6FF38E6378528FE16" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4139000420" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7BAE3B6604FFD6FF38E637870BFE32" box="[199,280,367,393]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1675791, NW of South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37D766E6604FFD6FDD3E63784C9FE32" box="[556,730,367,393]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Orkney Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Scotia Sea, Southern Ocean, −58.975, −49.142,
|
||
<quantity id="4C929B1B6604FFD6FAFEE6378349FE32" box="[1281,1370,367,393]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.867" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="3867.0">3867 m</quantity>
|
||
. Coll. R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B91EEAEC6604FFD6FF33E6CB870DFE16" box="[204,286,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Eltanin</emphasis>
|
||
, USAP,
|
||
<date id="FFD4103E6604FFD6FE80E6CB840CFE16" box="[383,543,403,429]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1963-03-08">8 March 1963</date>
|
||
. 1 dry spec. R=2.0 r=1.0.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |