treatments-xml/data/6A/B8/E0/6AB8E0B28E8D53AC81EA91B3A58BBF47.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" ID-PMC="PMC6070582" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-106-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF8BFFC82928FFA84734FFCB2E61E260" ID-PubMed="30072843" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1326005" ModsDocID="1314-2003-106-1" checkinTime="1532592511837" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Saerkinen, Tiina, Poczai, Peter, Barboza, Gloria E., Weerden, Gerard M. van der, Baden, Maria &amp; Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2018" docId="6AB8E0B28E8D53AC81EA91B3A58BBF47" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 106: 1-223" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 106" docPubDate="2018-07-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" docTitle="Solanum pseudospinosum C. H. Wright, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4, 2: 220. 1906" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FF8BFFC82928FFA84734FFCB2E61E260" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="FF8BFFC82928FFA84734FFCB2E61E260" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Old World Black Nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="223" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668138996586" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A revision of the Old World Black Nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Saerkinen, Tiina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20 A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH 3 5 LR, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">tsarkinen@rbge.org.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Poczai, Peter</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Botany Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 7, FI- 00014 Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Weerden, Gerard M. van der</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Experimental Garden, Radboud University, Faculty of Science Box 49, P. O. Box 9010, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Baden, Maria</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging and Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK- 5230 Odense M, Denmark</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2018-07-25</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>106</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>223</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991</mods:url>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182224951" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6AB8E0B28E8D53AC81EA91B3A58BBF47" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6AB8E0B28E8D53AC81EA91B3A58BBF47" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
11. 
<taxonomicName LSID="6AB8E0B2-8E8D-53AC-81EA-91B3A58BBF47" authority="C. H. Wright, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4, 2: 220. 1906" authorityName="C. H. Wright, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4, 2: 220." authorityYear="1906" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pseudospinosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudospinosum">Solanum pseudospinosum C.H.Wright, Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 4, 2: 220. 1906</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Solanum pseudospinosum A Flowering habit B Inflorescence C Bud D Flower at anthesis E Fruiting habit F Detail of adaxial leaf surface G Eglandular trichome H Glandular trichome I Infructescence J Seed (A, C, D Casas 10313; B Casas 10157; E, J Breteler et al. 39). Scale bar: 4 cm (A, E), 1 cm (B, I), 5 mm (C), 7 mm (D), 4 mm (F), 0.8 mm (G-H) and 2.5 mm (J). Drawing by L. Smith." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/218737" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 34</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Solanum pseudospinosum A Infructescence B Fruiting pedicels remaining after fruits have dropped C Calyx in fruit remaining appressed (A-B W. Meijer 15435)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/218738" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 35</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pachyarthrotrichum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pachyarthrotrichum">Solanum pachyarthrotrichum</taxonomicName>
Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 542. 1912.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pseudospinosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudospinosum">Solanum pseudospinosum</taxonomicName>
Type. Cameroon. Sin loc., 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. Deistel 631</emphasis>
(holotype: B, destroyed; no duplicates found).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum hypopsilum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hypopsilum">Solanum hypopsilum</taxonomicName>
Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 543. 1912.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pseudospinosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudospinosum">Solanum pseudospinosum</taxonomicName>
Type. Cameroon. Sud-Ouest: Buea, 1000 m, 8 Mar 1898, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. Lehmbach 175</emphasis>
(holotype: B, destroyed; no duplicates found).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum molliusculum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molliusculum">Solanum molliusculum</taxonomicName>
Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 546. 1912.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pseudospinosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudospinosum">Solanum pseudospinosum</taxonomicName>
Type. Cameroon. Sud-Ouest: Buea, canyon east of Mannsquelle, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. Preuss 740a</emphasis>
(holotype: B, destroyed; no duplicates found).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" country="Cameroon" location="Sud-Ouest" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sud-Ouest" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion country="Cameroon" name="South-West">Sud-Ouest</collectingRegion>
: Mt
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1862-12" collectorName="G. Mann" country="Cameroon" location="Cameroon" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingDate value="1862-12">Dec 1862</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName>G. Mann</collectorName>
1938
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
: K [K000028649]; isotype: GH [00395064])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Annual or short-lived prostrate or sprawling perennial herbs to 0.5-1.5 m tall, subwoody and branching at base. Stems spreading, usually strongly ridged with pseudospinose dentate processes, green, older stems brown or grey, usually hollow; new growth densely pubescent with simple, spreading, uniseriate, translucent, mixed glandular and eglandular trichomes, these 7-10-celled, 1.0-1.5 mm long; older stems glabrescent. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple, 2.5-7 cm long, 1.3-4 cm wide, smaller at distal ends of branches, ovate, widest in the lower third, membranous, green, concolorous, smell not known; both surfaces evenly pubescent with simple uniseriate mostly eglandular trichomes like those on stem; major veins 4-5 pairs; base cuneate; margins entire or shallowly toothed in the basal half; apex acute to acuminate; petioles 0.5-2 cm long, pubescent with trichomes like the leaves. Inflorescences 1-2.5 cm long, opposite the leaves, unbranched, sub-umbelliform to racemose, with 2-5(-6) flowers clustered at the tip, pubescent with uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems; peduncle 0.3-1.5 cm long, straight; pedicels 0.7-0.8(-1) cm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the apex, slender, spreading, pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like the rest of the inflorescence, articulated at the base; pedicel scars clustered in the apical portion of the inflorescence rhachis, lowermost scars ca. 2 mm apart, the rest overlapping at the distal end. Buds ellipsoid, densely pubescent, the corolla at least 1/2 way exserted from the calyx tube until just before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, all perfect. Calyx tube 1.5-2 mm long, conical, the lobes 1-1.5 mm long, 0.9-1.4 mm wide, elongate-deltate, rounded at the tips, densely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like the rest of the inflorescence. Corolla 8-14 mm in diameter, white to pale violet (
<normalizedToken originalValue="“blue”">&quot;blue&quot;</normalizedToken>
) or white with purple venation, stellate, lobed nearly to the base, the lobes 4-6 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, spreading at anthesis, abaxially moderately pubescent with simple uniseriate 2-3-celled trichomes, these denser near the tips and margins, also papillate along the margins and tips, adaxially glabrous. Stamens equal; filament tube minute; free portion of the filaments 0.5-1 mm long, densely pubescent adaxially with tangled simple trichomes; anthers 2-2.5 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age and drying. Ovary conical, glabrous; style 3-5 mm long, densely pubescent with tangled simple trichomes in the basal portion inside the anther tube, exserted ca. 2 mm beyond the anther cone, often elongating early and protruding from unopened buds; stigma capitate, the surfaces minutely papillose, colour in live plants not known. Fruit a globose berry, 4-6 mm in diameter, purple or black at maturity, the pericarp thin and matte; fruiting pedicels 0.9-1.2 cm long, ca. 0.75 mm in diameter at the base and at the apex, spreading, not falling with the fruit, remaining on the plant and persistent on older inflorescences; fruiting calyx not accrescent, the tube ca. 1 mm long, the lobes 1.5-2.5 mm long, appressed to the berry, spreading and hyaline, the tips slightly reflexed. Seeds ca. 20 per berry, ca. 1.5 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, not markedly flattened, tear-drop shaped with a subapical hilum, pale beige, the surface minutely pitted and the lateral testal cell walls elongate and the seed appearing hairy, the testal cells pentagonal in outline. Stone cells 4-6(-10), often found near the pedicel junction at the base of the berry. Chromosome number: 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2n</emphasis>
=4x=48 (
<bibRefCitation author="Morton, JK" journalOrPublisher="Opera Botanica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="159 - 172" refId="B249" refString="Morton, JK, 1993. Chromosome numbers and polyploidy in the flora of Cameroon Mountain. Opera Botanica 121: 159 - 172" title="Chromosome numbers and polyploidy in the flora of Cameroon Mountain." volume="121" year="1993">Morton 1993</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1326085" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/218737" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 34" startId="F34">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 34.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pseudospinosum" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudospinosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pseudospinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Flowering habit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
Inflorescence 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
Bud 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
Flower at anthesis 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
Fruiting habit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
Detail of adaxial leaf surface 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
Eglandular trichome 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
Glandular trichome 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
Infructescence 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
Seed (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, C, D</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Casas 10313</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Casas 10157</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, J</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Breteler et al. 39</emphasis>
). Scale bar: 4 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, E</emphasis>
), 1 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, I</emphasis>
), 5 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
), 7 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
), 4 mm (F), 0.8 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G-H</emphasis>
) and 2.5 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
). Drawing by L. Smith.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1326087" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/218738" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 35" startId="F35">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 35.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pseudospinosum" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudospinosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pseudospinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Infructescence 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
Fruiting pedicels remaining after fruits have dropped 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
Calyx in fruit remaining appressed (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-B</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W. Meijer 15435</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Figure 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Distribution of Solanum pseudospinosum." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/218739" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">36</figureCitation>
). Endemic to the escarpment running from the island of Bioko (Fernando Po) in Equatorial Guinea to Lake Oku in Cameroon; most collections we have seen are from the slopes of Mount Cameroon.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1326089" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/218739" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 36" startId="F36">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 36.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pseudospinosum" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudospinosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pseudospinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grows at forest margins, in clearings and along roadsides; between 2,100 and 4,000 m elevation.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cameroon: afom.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="uses">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Euphytica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B176" refString="IUCN, 2016. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2016">IUCN 2016</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pseudospinosum" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudospinosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pseudospinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a relatively narrow endemic with a relatively small AOO (48 km2, EN) and EOO (4,009 km2, EN; Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="T7" captionText="Table 7. Preliminary conservation assessments for the Old World members of the Morelloid clade. For details, see Materials and Methods and individual species treatments. Preliminary assessments are based on EOO (Extent of Occurrence) only (see Materials and Methods) and have been calculated for worldwide ranges for each species. The conservation status of species known to be introduced in the Old World has been assessed considering native range only and is discussed under each species treatments." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2FA7BDE3ED0CDC21CAEAEE383BFAB558" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="2FA7BDE3ED0CDC21CAEAEE383BFAB558">7</tableCitation>
). Based on this narrow distribution and the fragmented high elevation habitat, it is given a preliminary conservation status of EN (Endangered). Most collections are from the protected area of Mount Cameroon and populations outside this national park will be vulnerable.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pseudospinosum" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudospinosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pseudospinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a high elevation species that, in our circumscription, only occurs along the so-called Cameroon line that is along the junction of the Congo and West African cratons (
<bibRefCitation author="Fitton, JG" journalOrPublisher="Geological Society Special Publication" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="273 - 291" refId="B130" refString="Fitton, JG, 1987. The Cameroon line, West Africa: a comparison between oceanic and continental alkaline volcanism. Geological Society Special Publication 30: 273 - 291" title="The Cameroon line, West Africa: a comparison between oceanic and continental alkaline volcanism." volume="30" year="1987">Fitton 1987</bibRefCitation>
). We recognise the East African plants identified as 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pseudospinosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pseudospinosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pseudospinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation author="Edmonds, JM" editor="Beentje, H" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="105 - 125" refId="B118" refString="Edmonds, JM, 2012. Solanum spp. In: Beentje, H, Ed., Flora of Tropical East Africa Solanaceae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 105 - 125" title="Solanum spp." volumeTitle="Flora of Tropical East Africa Solanaceae." year="2012">Edmonds (2012)</bibRefCitation>
as high elevation, particularly pubescent populations of the more widespread 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tarderemotum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tarderemotum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. tarderemotum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The key characters distinguishing the two species are the pedicel that remains on the plant after fruit drop in 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pseudospinosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pseudospinosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pseudospinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while those of 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tarderemotum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tarderemotum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. tarderemotum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
drop with the berries and the prominent articulations at the bases of the pedicels in 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tarderemotum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tarderemotum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. tarderemotum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Other differences of 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pseudospinosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pseudospinosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pseudospinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but less easy to see, are the elongate, spathulate calyx lobes in fruit (those of 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tarderemotum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tarderemotum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. tarderemotum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are less hyaline and usually pointed) and the few-flowered congested inflorescences (as opposed to elongate, rather evenly spaced flowers along the rhachis in 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tarderemotum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tarderemotum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. tarderemotum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pseudospinosum" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudospinosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pseudospinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also sympatric with wild populations of 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. scabrum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="scabrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. scabrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from which it can be distinguished by the dense spreading pubescence, the presence of stone cells in the fruit and the somewhat accrescent calyx lobes appressed to the berry.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The Cameroon line along which 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pseudospinosum" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudospinosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pseudospinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs runs from the island of Bioko to the Tchabal Mbabo plateau and is of volcanic origin with activity beginning the Cretaceous period, but peaking in the Pliocene and continuing to the present (
<bibRefCitation author="Wright, JB" journalOrPublisher="Nature Biotechnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B407" refString="Wright, JB, Hastings, DA, Jones, WB, Williams, HR, 1985. Geologyand Mineral Resources of West Africa. George Allen &amp; Unwin Publishers, London." title="Geologyand Mineral Resources of West Africa. George Allen &amp; Unwin Publishers, London." year="1985">Wright et al. 1985</bibRefCitation>
). The island of Bioko is Pliocene in age (
<bibRefCitation author="Wright, JB" journalOrPublisher="Nature Biotechnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B407" refString="Wright, JB, Hastings, DA, Jones, WB, Williams, HR, 1985. Geologyand Mineral Resources of West Africa. George Allen &amp; Unwin Publishers, London." title="Geologyand Mineral Resources of West Africa. George Allen &amp; Unwin Publishers, London." year="1985">Wright et al. 1985</bibRefCitation>
) and has been connected and separated from the mainland several times throughout the Pleistocene. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01032.x" author="Smith, TB" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1505 - 1516" refId="B341" refString="Smith, TB, Holder, K, Girman, D, O'Keefe, K, Larison, B, Chan, Y, 2000. Comparative avian phylogeography of Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea mountains: Implications for conservation. Molecular Ecology 9 (10): 1505 - 1516, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01032.x" title="Comparative avian phylogeography of Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea mountains: Implications for conservation." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01032.x" volume="9" year="2000">Smith et al. (2000)</bibRefCitation>
found only weak relationships between populations of two bird species along the Cameroon line, suggesting they evolved by allopatry. Plant diversity in this area is amongst the highest in tropical Africa (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-017-0356-8" author="Sosef, MSM" journalOrPublisher="Economic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B344" refString="Sosef, MSM, Dauby, G, Blach-Overgaard, A, van der Burgt, X, Catarino, L, Damen, T, Deblauwe, V, Dessein, S, Dransfield, J, Droissart, V, Duarte, MC, Engledow, H, Fadeur, G, Figueira, R, Gereau, RE, Hardy, OJ, Harris, DJ, de Heij, J, Janssens, S, Klomberg, Y, Ley, AC, Mackinder, BA, Meerts, P, van de Poel, JL, Sonke, B, Stevart, T, Stoffelen, P, Svenning, J-C, Sepulchre, P, Zaiss, R, Wieringa, JJ, Couvreur, TLP, 2017. Exploring the floristic diversity of tropical Africa. BMC Biology 15(1): 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-017-0356-8" title="Exploring the floristic diversity of tropical Africa. BMC Biology 15 (1): 15." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-017-0356-8" year="2017">Sosef et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
), but despite having within it some well-sampled units (e.g. Mount Cameroon), the northern extent of the escarpment is very poorly sampled (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-017-0356-8" author="Sosef, MSM" journalOrPublisher="Economic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B344" refString="Sosef, MSM, Dauby, G, Blach-Overgaard, A, van der Burgt, X, Catarino, L, Damen, T, Deblauwe, V, Dessein, S, Dransfield, J, Droissart, V, Duarte, MC, Engledow, H, Fadeur, G, Figueira, R, Gereau, RE, Hardy, OJ, Harris, DJ, de Heij, J, Janssens, S, Klomberg, Y, Ley, AC, Mackinder, BA, Meerts, P, van de Poel, JL, Sonke, B, Stevart, T, Stoffelen, P, Svenning, J-C, Sepulchre, P, Zaiss, R, Wieringa, JJ, Couvreur, TLP, 2017. Exploring the floristic diversity of tropical Africa. BMC Biology 15(1): 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-017-0356-8" title="Exploring the floristic diversity of tropical Africa. BMC Biology 15 (1): 15." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-017-0356-8" year="2017">Sosef et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
: 12, fig. 7). Better field knowledge of the distribution of 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pseudospinosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pseudospinosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pseudospinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, coupled with better knowledge of its habitat preferences and genetic structure, will help unravel the evolutionary history of this narrowly endemic species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pseudospinosum" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudospinosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pseudospinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a tetraploid species with unknown parentage (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00592" author="Olet, EA" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="472 - 483" refId="B273" refString="Olet, EA, Lye, KA, Stedje, B, 2015. Crossing relationships and chromosome numbers of Solanum section Solanum in Uganda. Nordic Journal of Botany 33 (4): 472 - 483, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00592" title="Crossing relationships and chromosome numbers of Solanum section Solanum in Uganda." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00592" volume="33" year="2015">Olet et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
). The species has not been included in any previous crossing and molecular studies that have focused on understanding the parental origin of the hexaploid species 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nigrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. scabrum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="scabrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. scabrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g. 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1977.tb01482.x" author="Edmonds, JM" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="141 - 178" refId="B104" refString="Edmonds, JM, 1977. Taxonomic studies on Solanum L. section Solanum (Maurella). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 75 (2): 141 - 178, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1977.tb01482.x" title="Taxonomic studies on Solanum L. section Solanum (Maurella)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1977.tb01482.x" volume="75" year="1977">Edmonds 1977</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Edmonds, JM" editor="Hawkes, JG" journalOrPublisher="Linnean Society of London, Academic Press, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="529 - 548" refId="B106" refString="Edmonds, JM, 1979a. Biosystematics of Solanum L., section Solanum (Maurella). In: Hawkes, JG, Lester, RN, Skelding, AD, Eds., Biology and Taxonomy of the Solanaceae. Linnean Society of London, Academic Press, London: 529 - 548" title="Biosystematics of Solanum L., section Solanum (Maurella)." volumeTitle="Biology and Taxonomy of the Solanaceae." year="1979 a">1979a</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Ganapathi, A" journalOrPublisher="Current Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B140" refString="Ganapathi, A, Rao, GR, 1985. Spontaneous triploidy in Solanum nigrum L. complex. Current Science 54: 1242." title="Spontaneous triploidy in Solanum nigrum L. complex. Current Science 54: 1242." year="1985">Ganapathi and Rao 1985</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Ganapathi, A" journalOrPublisher="Current Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="867 - 868" refId="B142" refString="Ganapathi, A, Rao, GR, 1986b. A note on origin and cytology of a heptaploid plant of Solanum section Solanum. Current Science 55: 867 - 868" title="A note on origin and cytology of a heptaploid plant of Solanum section Solanum." volume="55" year="1986 b">1986b</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.51.757" author="Ganapathi, A" journalOrPublisher="Cytologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="757 - 762" refId="B143" refString="Ganapathi, A, Rao, GR, 1986c. The crossability and genetic relationship between Solanum retroflexum Dun. and S. nigrum L. Cytologia 51 (4): 757 - 762, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.51.757" title="The crossability and genetic relationship between Solanum retroflexum Dun. and S. nigrum L." url="https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.51.757" volume="51" year="1986 c">1986c</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1139/g87-107" author="Ganapathi, A" journalOrPublisher="Genome" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="639 - 642" refId="B145" refString="Ganapathi, A, Rao, GR, 1987a. Phylogenetic relationships in the evolution of Solanum scabrum. Genome 29 (4): 639 - 642, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/g87-107" title="Phylogenetic relationships in the evolution of Solanum scabrum." url="https://doi.org/10.1139/g87-107" volume="29" year="1987 a">1987a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Ganapathi, A" journalOrPublisher="Genome" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B146" refString="Ganapathi, A, Rao, GR, 1987b. Cytogenetics of a pentaploid hybrid of Solanum scabrum Mill. and S. villosum Mill. Current Science 56: 1024." title="Cytogenetics of a pentaploid hybrid of Solanum scabrum Mill. and S. villosum Mill. Current Science 56: 1024." year="1987 b">1987b</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024657827796" author="Jacoby, A" journalOrPublisher="Euphytica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="109 - 113" refId="B178" refString="Jacoby, A, Labuschagne, MT, Viljoen, CD, 2003. Genetic relationships between Southern African Solanum retroflexum Dun and other related species measured by morphological and DNA markers. Euphytica 132 (1): 109 - 113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024657827796" title="Genetic relationships between Southern African Solanum retroflexum Dun and other related species measured by morphological and DNA markers." url="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024657827796" volume="132" year="2003">Jacoby et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-005-9078-z" author="Jacoby, A" journalOrPublisher="Euphytica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="303 - 307" refId="B177" refString="Jacoby, A, Labuschagne, MT, 2006. Hybridization studies of five species of the Solanum nigrum complex found in South Africa and two cocktail tomato cultivars. Euphytica 149 (3): 303 - 307, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-005-9078-z" title="Hybridization studies of five species of the Solanum nigrum complex found in South Africa and two cocktail tomato cultivars." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-005-9078-z" volume="149" year="2006">Jacoby and Labuschagne 2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2008.01.162" author="van der Walt, E" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Genetics" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B377" refString="van der Walt, E, van Schalkwyk, A, Berger, DK, 2008. Genetic relationships between South African Solanum retroflexum and other related species using partial 18S sequencing. South African Journal of Botany 74(2): 391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2008.01.162" title="Genetic relationships between South African Solanum retroflexum and other related species using partial 18 S sequencing. South African Journal of Botany 74 (2): 391." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2008.01.162" year="2008">van der Walt et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-010-0215-y" author="Poczai, P" journalOrPublisher="Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B285" refString="Poczai, P, Hyvoenen, J, 2011. On the origin of Solanum nigrum: Can networks help? Molecular Biology Reports 38(2): 1171-1185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-010-0215-y" title="On the origin of Solanum nigrum: Can networks help? Molecular Biology Reports 38 (2): 1171 - 1185." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-010-0215-y" year="2011">
Poczai and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hyvönen">Hyvoenen</normalizedToken>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
). It could represent one of the tetraploid parents of the hexaploids and should be included in further studies focused on understanding the origin of the polyploids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
All of the species described by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19120103305" author="Bitter, G" journalOrPublisher="Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="529 - 565" refId="B26" refString="Bitter, G, 1912a. Solana nova vel minus cognita I. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 10 (33-36): 529 - 565, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19120103305" title="Solana nova vel minus cognita I." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19120103305" volume="10" year="1912 a">Bitter (1912a)</bibRefCitation>
and here recognised as synonyms of 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pseudospinosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pseudospinosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pseudospinosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were described from collections housed at B that were destroyed in World War II (
<bibRefCitation author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1585 - 1601" refId="B388" refString="Vorontsova, MS, Knapp, S, 2010. Lost Berlin (B) types of Solanum (Solanaceae) - found in Goettingen (GOET). Taxon 59: 1585 - 1601" title="Lost Berlin (B) types of Solanum (Solanaceae) - found in Goettingen (GOET)." volume="59" year="2010">Vorontsova and Knapp 2010</bibRefCitation>
) and we have placed these in synonymy based on their very detailed descriptions. It is to be hoped that duplicates of these collections will eventually be found in herbaria not yet investigated or digitised. The differences between this species and that of C.H. Wright were very small, based on leaf size and on numbers of stone cells; we consider these minor differences insignificant.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined. Cameroon</emphasis>
. N slope of Cameroun Mountain, 7 Apr 1985, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thomas 4642</emphasis>
(MO); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nord-Ouest</emphasis>
: Piste Acha-Abaw au Lac Oku, 40 km NE Bamenda, 5 Dec 1974, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Letouzey 13444</emphasis>
(K); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sud-Ouest</emphasis>
: Mt. Cameroon, above Buea, nr Hut 2, 1 Apr 1952, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boughey GC6933</emphasis>
(K); Mt. Cameroon, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Johann-Albrechtshöhe">Johann-Albrechtshoehe</normalizedToken>
, 30 Jan 1962, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Breteler et al. MC39</emphasis>
(K); Mt. Cameroon, 9 Oct 1992, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cheek</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sidwell 3664</emphasis>
(K, SCA, WAG, YA); Mt. Cameroon, 4 Nov 1993, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cheek et al. 5352</emphasis>
(K); Mt. Cameroon, 17 Feb 1927, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dalziel 8335</emphasis>
(E, K); Mt. Cameroon, nr Hut 2, Jan 1967, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guile</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1560</emphasis>
(MO); Bamenda, Southern Cameroons, Bamenda Division, Bafut-Ngemba forest reserve, 23 Feb 1958, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hepper 2146</emphasis>
(K); Mt. Cameroon, beside Hut 2, 6 Apr 1937, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hutchinson</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Metcalfe 54</emphasis>
(K); Mt. Cameroon, To no 3 Hut, Jan 1931, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Maitland 1301</emphasis>
(K); Mt. Cameroon, Feb 1931, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Maitland 1333</emphasis>
(K); Mt. Cameroon, Jan 1862, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mann 1321</emphasis>
(K); Mt. Cameroon, NW de Buea, 31 Mar 1981, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Meijer 15435</emphasis>
(MO); Mt. Cameroon, Kamerun-Berg, oberhalb Buea, 22 Dec 1928, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mildbraed 10888 a</emphasis>
(K); Mt. Cameroon, Hut 2, 21 Dec 1958, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Morton 758</emphasis>
(K); Mt. Cameroon 2 mi W of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mann’s">Mann's</normalizedToken>
Spring, 29 Dec 1958, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Morton K874</emphasis>
(K); Mt. Cameroon, around 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mann’s">Mann's</normalizedToken>
Spring, 3 Dec 1996, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nning et al. 52</emphasis>
(K, MO, SCA, YA); Mt. Cameroon, Bokwango, 5 Oct 1992, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thomas 9348</emphasis>
(K).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Equatorial Guinea</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bioko</emphasis>
: cumbre del pico 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Basilé">Basile</normalizedToken>
, 3 Jul 1986, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández-Casas">Fernandez-Casas</normalizedToken>
10156B
</emphasis>
(K, MO); Carretera del pico 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Basilé">Basile</normalizedToken>
, 10 Jul 1986, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández-Casas">Fernandez-Casas</normalizedToken>
10313
</emphasis>
(BM, K); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bioko Norte</emphasis>
: Pico 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Basilé">Basile</normalizedToken>
, Distr. Barney, cruce de la Virgen de Bisila, 12 Dec 2007, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cabezas et al. 907</emphasis>
(MA); Cumbre del pico 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Basilé">Basile</normalizedToken>
, 8 Oct 1986, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">do Carvalho 2544</emphasis>
(BM, H, K, MA, MO); Cumbre del pico 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Basilé">Basile</normalizedToken>
, 3 Jul 1986, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández-Casas">Fernandez-Casas</normalizedToken>
10157
</emphasis>
(BM, K, MO); Pico 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Basilé">Basile</normalizedToken>
, cumbre del pico, 5 Feb 1989, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández-Casas">Fernandez-Casas</normalizedToken>
11184
</emphasis>
(K, MA).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>