228 lines
26 KiB
XML
228 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="C1C4E8E014A9D039D7F211C5ECC9E77A" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.187018" ID-GBIF-Dataset="35d81ccb-1856-4852-a5b6-d9058b3dbc0b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="187018" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461060371161" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hedges, Blair, Couloux, Arnaud & Vidal, Nicolas" docDate="2009" docId="674E87DDF755FFEDFF36930AC9EEB9C5" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02067p028.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2067" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cubophis Hedges & Vidal" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="9B77FFA5F758FFFDFFA1950DC830B939" masterDocTitle="Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of West Indian racer snakes of the Tribe Alsophiini (Squamata, Dipsadidae, Xenodontinae)" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1698582155577" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="72CFA32B9BFE76902A60358EDC7AADE8">
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<mods:title id="C13065B439FD864E07E58EBCF76303CB">Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of West Indian racer snakes of the Tribe Alsophiini (Squamata, Dipsadidae, Xenodontinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="47F0E94BEBF006FB3F1AA0CD5E2AB082" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4468F28567B3446B3AC5DAB678BE03D1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="766BCBE99AFAF3F2D73F8B0E8C7A6304">Hedges, Blair</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9D6C3B40B190964F836229B3C7BA6E9F">Couloux, Arnaud</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="AD21AD8475CB77845C05D9DEA9B20A0E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0284FA09ABC683DF92EDB12B1C694C4F">Vidal, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="ED0068FCF53939D5FA9A1E3F70D85F79">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="72F2F376C828953CD4659B02257F0359">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2056480BA580A5CEF967AF061F703334">
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<mods:date id="F5F504C965B8FDA30C6ACAEE564CF9B2">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="96B9FEB44887F3D17F2C21B0E920636A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B687C0F5607812490886915161FE8AEB">2067</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F4A24C2726561BC2A19A8878BED10C29">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="A6540C97D970E06C798B554226506967">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="43EFF193E8E656555D2A26B66393B451" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.187018</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DF0B0F809F1A75EE89EF901CFECC2561" type="GBIF-Dataset">35d81ccb-1856-4852-a5b6-d9058b3dbc0b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="756FC49C73035D5B44A7232C57A4FF1E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E054CC6EF775B1BAFF750E8F429C64BD" type="Zenodo-Dep">187018</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="674E87DDF755FFEDFF36930AC9EEB9C5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6220087" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119614016" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6220087" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:674E87DDF755FFEDFF36930AC9EEB9C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/674E87DDF755FFEDFF36930AC9EEB9C5" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<subSubSection id="A7FD6540F755FFF0FF36930ACAFBBF18" box="[151,715,1543,1569]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="EF5836CBF755FFF0FF36930ACAFBBF18" blockId="13.[151,715,1543,1569]" box="[151,715,1543,1569]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<heading id="B41081A7F755FFF0FF36930ACAFBBF18" bold="true" box="[151,715,1543,1569]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FF36930ACAFBBF18" bold="true" box="[151,715,1543,1569]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F755FFF0FF4F930ACA00BF18" authority="Hedges & Vidal" authorityName="Hedges & Vidal" box="[238,560,1543,1569]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Cubophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FF4F930AC952BF18" bold="true" box="[238,354,1543,1569]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cubophis</emphasis>
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Hedges & Vidal
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</taxonomicName>
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, New Genus
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7FD6540F755FFF0FF36935DCB29BF53" box="[151,793,1616,1643]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="EF5836CBF755FFF0FF36935DCB29BF53" blockId="13.[151,1436,1616,1991]" box="[151,793,1616,1643]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FF36935DC909BF53" bold="true" box="[151,313,1616,1642]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<typeStatus id="305C8869F755FFF0FF36935DC8E4BF53" box="[151,212,1616,1642]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F755FFF0FEE1935CCB21BF52" authority="Bibron, 1840:27" authorityName="Bibron" authorityPageNumber="27" authorityYear="1840" box="[320,785,1617,1643]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cantherigerus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FEE1935CCA7BBF53" box="[320,587,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Coluber cantherigerus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="8B764B3AF755FFF0FDF3935CCAC0BF52" author="Bibron" box="[594,752,1617,1643]" pageId="13" pageNumber="23" refString="Bibron, G. (1840) Plate 27. In: de la Sagra, R., Historia fisica, politica y natural de la Isla de Cuba. Arthus Bertrand, Paris." type="book chapter" year="1840">Bibron, 1840</bibRefCitation>
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:27
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7FD6540F755FFF0FF64937ACCADBE6A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="EF5836CBF755FFF0FF64937ACBBBBE15" blockId="13.[151,1436,1616,1991]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FF64937AC975BFA8" bold="true" box="[197,325,1655,1681]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Species in this genus have 17 midbody scale rows, 159–187 ventrals, 101–133 subcaudals, 2 apical scale pits, 8 upper labials, 10 lower labials, 13–17 total maxillary teeth, and 17–21 dentary teeth (
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<tableCitation id="A2650370F755FFF0FAF89393C898BFE6" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,242,977,1001]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological variation in the genera of alsophiine snakes (SVL = snout-vent length), from Barbour &" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Table 2</tableCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F755FFF0FF1F93C8C91FBFE7" box="[190,303,1733,1758]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Cubophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FF1F93C8C91FBFE7" box="[190,303,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cubophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs in at least one of these characters from all other alsophiine genera except
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F755FFF0FB4493C8CDA4BFE7" box="[1253,1428,1733,1758]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Hypsirhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FB4493C8CDA4BFE7" box="[1253,1428,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hypsirhynchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. It differs from
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F755FFF0FEE393E1C9C1BE3C" box="[322,497,1772,1797]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Hypsirhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FEE393E1C9C1BE3C" box="[322,497,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hypsirhynchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in hemipenial characters such as the presence of enlarged papillate body calyces in the basal region and medial surface of the lobes (
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<bibRefCitation id="8B764B3AF755FFF0FD53921FCB4EBE15" author="Zaher" box="[754,894,1810,1836]" pageId="13" pageNumber="26" refString="Zaher, H. (1999) Hemipenial morphology of the South American xenodontine snakes, with a proposal for a monophyletic Xenodontinae and a reappraisal of colubroid hemipenes. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 240, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1999">Zaher 1999</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EF5836CBF755FFF0FF649235CCADBE6A" blockId="13.[151,1436,1616,1991]" box="[197,1181,1848,1875]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FF649235C901BE6B" bold="true" box="[197,305,1848,1874]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Content.</emphasis>
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Five species (13 species + subspecies) are included in the genus (
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<tableCitation id="A2650370F755FFF0FB959234CCBCBE6A" box="[1076,1164,1849,1875]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,241,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Classification of West Indian xenodontine snakes, Tribe Alsophiini. The arrangement used in this study is compared with that in previous classifications (Maglio 1970; Schwartz & Henderson 1991; Powell et al. 1996)." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7FD6540F755FFF0FF649252CACFBE99" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="EF5836CBF755FFF0FF649252CACFBE99" blockId="13.[151,1436,1616,1991]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FF649252C959BE40" bold="true" box="[197,361,1887,1913]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution.</emphasis>
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The genus is distributed in the western Caribbean:
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<collectingCountry id="97F0765BF755FFF0FC7B926DCC2CBE43" box="[986,1052,1888,1914]" name="Cuba" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cuba</collectingCountry>
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, the
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<collectingCountry id="97F0765BF755FFF0FBF7926DCD2ABE43" box="[1110,1306,1888,1914]" name="Cayman Islands" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cayman Islands</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="97F0765BF755FFF0FA86926DCDA8BE43" box="[1319,1432,1888,1914]" name="Bahamas" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="97F0765BF755FFF0FF36928BC9F0BE99" box="[151,448,1926,1952]" name="Turks and Caicos Islands" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Turks and Caicos Islands</collectingCountry>
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, and Swan Islands (
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<figureCitation id="77DC2A4EF755FFF0FD08928BCAC0BE99" box="[681,752,1926,1952]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,255,804,828]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,205,780]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[279,1307,194,780]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map showing the West Indies (including the southern tip of Florida above, Central America to the west, and the northern edge of South America below) and the distributions of the genera of the Tribe Alsophiini, Subfamily Xenodontinae, Family Dipsadidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187020/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7FD6540F755FFF0FF6492A0CD39BEFE" box="[197,1289,1965,1991]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="EF5836CBF755FFF0FF6492A0CD39BEFE" blockId="13.[151,1436,1616,1991]" box="[197,1289,1965,1991]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F755FFF0FF6492A0C961BEFE" bold="true" box="[197,337,1965,1991]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The generic name refers to its distribution, centered on
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<collectingCountry id="97F0765BF755FFF0FC4392A0CC10BEFE" box="[994,1056,1965,1991]" name="Cuba" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cuba</collectingCountry>
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and nearby islands.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="BB986643F756FFF3FF3693FCCB3ABEE0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187021/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[174,1412,190,1725]" targetPageId="14">
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<paragraph id="EF5836CBF756FFF3FF3693FCCB3ABEE0" blockId="14.[151,1437,1777,2009]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F756FFF3FF3693FCC913BE30" bold="true" box="[151,291,1777,1801]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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Representatives of genera of the snake Tribe Alsophiini (
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F756FFF3FC6D93FFCC65BE30" box="[972,1109,1778,1801]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dipsadidae</taxonomicName>
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: Xenonodontinae). Subtribe Alsophiina:
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F756FFF3FE829219C9DEBE12" box="[291,494,1812,1835]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Alsophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manselli">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F756FFF3FE829219C9DEBE12" box="[291,494,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Alsophis manselli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Woodlands Spring, Montserrat),
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F756FFF3FCD79219CC9BBE12" box="[886,1195,1812,1835]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Borikenophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="portoricensis">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F756FFF3FCD79219CC9BBE12" box="[886,1195,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Borikenophis portoricensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(1.5 km W. Playa de Tamarindo, Puerto Rico),
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F756FFF3FE1F923ACAFEBE77" box="[446,718,1847,1870]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Cubophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cantherigerus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F756FFF3FE1F923ACAFEBE77" box="[446,718,1847,1870]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cubophis cantherigerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(2.0 km W Viñales, Pinar del Rio, Cuba),
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F756FFF3FB15923ACDADBE77" box="[1204,1437,1847,1870]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Hypsirhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ferox">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F756FFF3FB15923ACDADBE77" box="[1204,1437,1847,1870]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hypsirhynchus ferox</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Barahona, Barahona, Dominican Republic),
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F756FFF3FD2D9257CB00BE48" box="[652,816,1882,1905]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ialtris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F756FFF3FD2D9257CB00BE48" box="[652,816,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ialtris dorsalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(3 km N Bois Sec, Grand’Anse, Haiti), and
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F756FFF3FABE9257C8E3BEAA" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Magliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stahli">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F756FFF3FABE9257C8E3BEAA" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Magliophis stahli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(1.9 km NE Vista Alegre, Puerto Rico). Subtribe Arrhytonina:
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F756FFF3FCDE9271CC62BEAA" box="[895,1106,1916,1939]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Arrhyton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taeniatum">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F756FFF3FCDE9271CC62BEAA" box="[895,1106,1916,1939]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Arrhyton taeniatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(0.2 km WE Windmill Beach, Guantanamo Bay Naval Station, Cuba). Subtribe
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F756FFF3FD139292CB74BE8F" box="[690,836,1951,1974]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Uromacerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Uromacerina</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F756FFF3FCEF9292CC7CBE8F" box="[846,1100,1951,1974]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Uromacer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxyrhynchus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F756FFF3FCEF9292CC7CBE8F" box="[846,1100,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Uromacer oxyrhynchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(4.4 km W Canada Honda, La Altagracia, Dominican Republic). Photos by S. B. Hedges.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
|
||
<caption id="BB986643F757FFF2FF3693FACD54BE0B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187022/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[169,1429,197,1741]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="EF5836CBF757FFF2FF3693FACD54BE0B" blockId="15.[151,1436,1783,1842]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F757FFF2FF3693FAC929BE36" bold="true" box="[151,281,1783,1807]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
A timetree of Alsophiini. Divergence times and credibility/confidence intervals are shown in Table 3. Plei = Pleistocene. The generic taxonomy in this tree reflects the new classification proposed here and detailed in Table 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A7FD6540F757FFEDFF679287C9EEB9C5" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="EF5836CBF757FFEDFF679287C9EEB9C5" blockId="15.[151,1436,1930,2031]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,152,252]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F757FFF2FF679287C970BE9D" bold="true" box="[198,320,1930,1956]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F757FFF2FE679286CA06BE9D" box="[454,566,1931,1956]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Cubophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F757FFF2FE679286CA06BE9D" box="[454,566,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cubophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="77DC2A4EF757FFF2FDE69287CABBBE9D" box="[583,651,1930,1956]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,261,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[174,1412,190,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,166,1753]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Representatives of genera of the snake Tribe Alsophiini (Dipsadidae: Xenonodontinae). Subtribe Alsophiina: Alsophis manselli (Woodlands Spring, Montserrat), Borikenophis portoricensis (1.5 km W. Playa de Tamarindo, Puerto Rico), Cubophis cantherigerus (2.0 km W Viñales, Pinar del Rio, Cuba), Hypsirhynchus ferox (Barahona, Barahona, Dominican Republic), Ialtris dorsalis (3 km N Bois Sec, Grand’Anse, Haiti), and Magliophis stahli (1.9 km NE Vista Alegre, Puerto Rico). Subtribe Arrhytonina: Arrhyton taeniatum (0.2 km WE Windmill Beach, Guantanamo Bay Naval Station, Cuba). Subtribe Uromacerina: Uromacer oxyrhynchus (4.4 km W Canada Honda, La Altagracia, Dominican Republic). Photos by S. B. Hedges." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187021/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C) are large species of racers which occur sympatrically with small (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F757FFF2FF0092BDC93ABEF0" box="[161,266,1968,1993]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Arrhyton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F757FFF2FF0092BDC93ABEF0" box="[161,266,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Arrhyton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and moderate-sized (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F757FFF2FDB392BDCA44BEF0" box="[530,628,1968,1993]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Caraiba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F757FFF2FDB392BDCA44BEF0" box="[530,628,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Caraiba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) species of racers on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="97F0765BF757FFF2FCD492BDCB87BEF3" box="[885,951,1968,1994]" name="Cuba" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Our finding that the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="97F0765BF757FFF2FB1392BDCD24BEF3" box="[1202,1300,1968,1994]" name="Cayman Islands" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cayman</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="97F0765BF757FFF2FABD92BDCD53BEF3" box="[1308,1379,1968,1994]" name="Iceland" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
taxa are most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F757FFF2FE6F92D8CAB0BED7" box="[462,640,2005,2030]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Cubophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vudii">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F757FFF2FE6F92D8CAB0BED7" box="[462,640,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cubophis vudii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
supports their elevation from subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F757FFF2FB2392D8CDABBED7" box="[1154,1435,2005,2030]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Cubophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cantherigerus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F757FFF2FB2392D8CDABBED7" box="[1154,1435,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cubophis cantherigerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to full species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8B764B3AF748FFEDFEE89595CA14B98B" box="[329,548,152,178]" pageId="16" pageNumber="26" refString="Zaher, H., Grazziotin, F. G., Cadle, J. E., Murphy, R. W., Moura-Leite, J. C. & Bonatto, S. L. (2009) Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South America xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 49,115 - 153." type="book">Zaher et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
classified all of these species together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F748FFEDFB8A9595CD5AB988" box="[1067,1386,152,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Borikenophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="portoricensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F748FFEDFB8A9595CD5AB988" box="[1067,1386,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Borikenophis portoricensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other West Indian species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F748FFEDFE5D95B0CA8CB9EE" authority="Cope" authorityName="Cope" box="[508,700,189,215]" genus="Ocyophis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F748FFEDFE5D95B0CA5FB9EF" box="[508,623,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ocyophis</emphasis>
|
||
Cope
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but our results (
|
||
<figureCitation id="77DC2A4EF748FFEDFC2D95B0CBD2B9EE" box="[908,994,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[379,1213,185,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[379,1215,185,1807]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 1. A phylogeny of Alsophiini. Bayesian tree obtained from the combined data set of six genes (RAG 2, 12 S & 16 S rRNA, cytochrome b, ND 2 and ND 4; 3387 sites). Alsophis portoricensis portoricensis and A. p. anegadae have identical sequences at all genes sampled, and therefore the latter taxon is not shown. Values are ML bootstrap values above 70 % followed by Bayesian posterior probabilities above 90 %. The generic taxonomy in this tree reflects usage prior to this study and shows paraphyly and polyphyly of Alsophis (blue), Arrhyton (purple), and Antillophis (orange). See Table 1 and Figure 4 for the new classification proposed here." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187019/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="77DC2A4EF748FFEDFBBE95B0CC1FB9EE" box="[1055,1071,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1783,1807]" captionTargetBox="[169,1429,197,1741]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[169,1429,197,1745]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. A timetree of Alsophiini. Divergence times and credibility / confidence intervals are shown in Table 3. Plei = Pleistocene. The generic taxonomy in this tree reflects the new classification proposed here and detailed in Table 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187022/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4</figureCitation>
|
||
) contradict that decision (see Remarks in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F748FFEDFE8595EFC9E3B9C2" box="[292,467,226,251]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Hypsirhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F748FFEDFE8595EFC9E3B9C2" box="[292,467,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Hypsirhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |