148 lines
18 KiB
XML
148 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="4EC43F11F154E330EC22813086CBCFBA">Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of West Indian racer snakes of the Tribe Alsophiini (Squamata, Dipsadidae, Xenodontinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="96AC1E23A00BC56C2C553B2C08B08075">Hedges, Blair</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5CFDC17D7518022226198812C4E8111A">Couloux, Arnaud</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B3904573100190B96BFE39F939DCD656">Vidal, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0DADA830D9BD15AA0DBC7555360E377C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C749CECAFAAC8A7B5505FB3B9EF58FF0">
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<mods:date id="BEB33381E7779E07811DFB46C5EFB518">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C15C00A4EA64F70901BC480E71A51A6A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="41759FDFBD2C0A7B063787405E312397">2067</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="864C29C8A490C6A5769104B9C847777A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="18575E6733750CA67E6D94F0FEC683EA" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.187018</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="674E87DDF74AFFEFFF369157CA6BBF8D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6220099" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119614023" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6220099" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:674E87DDF74AFFEFFF369157CA6BBF8D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/674E87DDF74AFFEFFF369157CA6BBF8D" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="A7FD6540F74AFFEFFF369157CA67BD4D" box="[151,599,1114,1140]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="EF5836CBF74AFFEFFF369157CA67BD4D" blockId="18.[151,599,1114,1140]" box="[151,599,1114,1140]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<heading id="B41081A7F74AFFEFFF369157CA67BD4D" bold="true" box="[151,599,1114,1140]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F74AFFEFFF369157CA67BD4D" bold="true" box="[151,599,1114,1140]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F74AFFEFFF4F9157CA67BD4D" authority="Zaher et al., 2009" authorityName="Zaher et al." authorityYear="2009" box="[238,599,1114,1140]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Magliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F74AFFEFFF4F9157C947BD4D" bold="true" box="[238,375,1114,1140]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Magliophis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="8B764B3AF74AFFEFFEDF9157CA67BD4D" author="Zaher" box="[382,599,1114,1140]" pageId="18" pageNumber="26" refString="Zaher, H., Grazziotin, F. G., Cadle, J. E., Murphy, R. W., Moura-Leite, J. C. & Bonatto, S. L. (2009) Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South America xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 49,115 - 153." type="book" year="2009">Zaher et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7FD6540F74AFFEFFF3691AECB14BD87" box="[151,804,1187,1214]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="EF5836CBF74AFFEFFF3691AECB14BD87" blockId="18.[151,1437,1187,1716]" box="[151,804,1187,1214]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F74AFFEFFF3691AEC909BD84" bold="true" box="[151,313,1187,1213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<typeStatus id="305C8869F74AFFEFFF3691AEC8E4BD84" box="[151,212,1187,1213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F74AFFEFFEE191A9CA92BD87" authority="Cope, 1862" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1862" box="[320,674,1188,1214]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Dromicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exiguus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F74AFFEFFEE191A9CA24BD84" box="[320,532,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dromicus exiguus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="8B764B3AF74AFFEFFDBA91A9CA92BD87" author="Cope" box="[539,674,1188,1214]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" refString="Cope, E. D. (1862 [1863]) Synopsis of the species of Holcosus and Ameiva, with diagnoses of new West Indian and South American Colubridae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 14, 60 - 82." type="journal article" year="1862">Cope, 1862</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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[1863]:79.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7FD6540F74AFFEFFF6491C7CC8ABC61" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="EF5836CBF74AFFEFFF6491C7CB0CBC0B" blockId="18.[151,1437,1187,1716]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F74AFFEFFF6491C7C975BDDD" bold="true" box="[197,325,1226,1252]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Species in this genus have 19 midbody scale rows, 137–165 ventrals, 71–102 subcaudals, no apical scale pits, eight upper labials, and nine lower labials (
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<tableCitation id="A2650370F74AFFEFFCD491FCCBE4BC32" box="[885,980,1265,1291]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,242,977,1001]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological variation in the genera of alsophiine snakes (SVL = snout-vent length), from Barbour &" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Table 2</tableCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F74AFFEFFC4A91FCCC44BC33" box="[1003,1140,1265,1290]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Magliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F74AFFEFFC4A91FCCC44BC33" box="[1003,1140,1265,1290]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Magliophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from each of the other alsophiine genera in at least one of those characters.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EF5836CBF74AFFEFFF649033CC8ABC61" blockId="18.[151,1437,1187,1716]" box="[197,1210,1342,1368]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F74AFFEFFF649033C901BC61" bold="true" box="[197,305,1342,1368]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Content.</emphasis>
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Two species (three species + subspecies) are included in the genus (
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<tableCitation id="A2650370F74AFFEFFBF09033CC99BC61" box="[1105,1193,1342,1368]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,241,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Classification of West Indian xenodontine snakes, Tribe Alsophiini. The arrangement used in this study is compared with that in previous classifications (Maglio 1970; Schwartz & Henderson 1991; Powell et al. 1996)." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7FD6540F74AFFEFFF649068CD10BC46" box="[197,1312,1381,1407]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="EF5836CBF74AFFEFFF649068CD10BC46" blockId="18.[151,1437,1187,1716]" box="[197,1312,1381,1407]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F74AFFEFFF649068C955BC46" bold="true" box="[197,357,1381,1407]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Species of
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F74AFFEFFE4C9068CA42BC47" box="[493,626,1381,1406]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Magliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F74AFFEFFE4C9068CA42BC47" box="[493,626,1381,1406]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Magliophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are distributed throughout the Puerto Rican Bank (
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<figureCitation id="77DC2A4EF74AFFEFFB6B9068CD23BC46" box="[1226,1299,1381,1407]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,255,804,828]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,205,780]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[279,1307,194,780]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map showing the West Indies (including the southern tip of Florida above, Central America to the west, and the northern edge of South America below) and the distributions of the genera of the Tribe Alsophiini, Subfamily Xenodontinae, Family Dipsadidae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187020/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7FD6540F74AFFEFFF649086CA6BBF8D" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="EF5836CBF74AFFEFFF649086CA6BBF8D" blockId="18.[151,1437,1187,1716]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F74AFFEFFF649086C90EBC9C" bold="true" box="[197,318,1419,1445]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Species of
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F74AFFEFFE669081CA7CBC9C" box="[455,588,1420,1445]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Magliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F74AFFEFFE669081CA7CBC9C" box="[455,588,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Magliophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="77DC2A4EF74AFFEFFDFC9081CA92BC9F" box="[605,674,1420,1446]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,261,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[174,1412,190,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,166,1753]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 3. Representatives of genera of the snake Tribe Alsophiini (Dipsadidae: Xenonodontinae). Subtribe Alsophiina: Alsophis manselli (Woodlands Spring, Montserrat), Borikenophis portoricensis (1.5 km W. Playa de Tamarindo, Puerto Rico), Cubophis cantherigerus (2.0 km W Viñales, Pinar del Rio, Cuba), Hypsirhynchus ferox (Barahona, Barahona, Dominican Republic), Ialtris dorsalis (3 km N Bois Sec, Grand’Anse, Haiti), and Magliophis stahli (1.9 km NE Vista Alegre, Puerto Rico). Subtribe Arrhytonina: Arrhyton taeniatum (0.2 km WE Windmill Beach, Guantanamo Bay Naval Station, Cuba). Subtribe Uromacerina: Uromacer oxyrhynchus (4.4 km W Canada Honda, La Altagracia, Dominican Republic). Photos by S. B. Hedges." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187021/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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F) are small racers (
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<quantity id="281F9B2EF74AFFEFFC2F9081CBC4BC9F" box="[910,1012,1420,1446]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.38" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="438.0">438 mm</quantity>
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, maximum snout-vent length, SVL) that occur sympatrically with the larger racers of the Genus
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F74AFFEFFCF890BECBC5BCF5" box="[857,1013,1459,1484]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Borikenophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F74AFFEFFCF890BECBC5BCF5" box="[857,1013,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Borikenophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on the Puerto Rican Bank. The two included species were previously placed in the Genus
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F74AFFEFFCBB90D4CBB4BCCB" box="[794,900,1497,1522]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Arrhyton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F74AFFEFFCBB90D4CBB4BCCB" box="[794,900,1497,1522]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Arrhyton</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The phylogenetic trees (
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<figureCitation id="77DC2A4EF74AFFEFFB1090D4CD33BCCA" box="[1201,1283,1497,1523]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[379,1213,185,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[379,1215,185,1807]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 1. A phylogeny of Alsophiini. Bayesian tree obtained from the combined data set of six genes (RAG 2, 12 S & 16 S rRNA, cytochrome b, ND 2 and ND 4; 3387 sites). Alsophis portoricensis portoricensis and A. p. anegadae have identical sequences at all genes sampled, and therefore the latter taxon is not shown. Values are ML bootstrap values above 70 % followed by Bayesian posterior probabilities above 90 %. The generic taxonomy in this tree reflects usage prior to this study and shows paraphyly and polyphyly of Alsophis (blue), Arrhyton (purple), and Antillophis (orange). See Table 1 and Figure 4 for the new classification proposed here." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187019/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="77DC2A4EF74AFFEFFA9C90D4CD7DBCCA" box="[1341,1357,1497,1523]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. A" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1783,1807]" captionTargetBox="[169,1429,197,1741]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[169,1429,197,1745]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. A timetree of Alsophiini. Divergence times and credibility / confidence intervals are shown in Table 3. Plei = Pleistocene. The generic taxonomy in this tree reflects the new classification proposed here and detailed in Table 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187022/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">4</figureCitation>
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) show that
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F74AFFEFFF6D930DC990BF20" box="[204,416,1536,1561]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Magliophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stahli">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F74AFFEFFF6D930DC990BF20" box="[204,416,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Magliophis stahli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is quite divergent from
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F74AFFEFFD65930DCB77BF20" box="[708,839,1536,1561]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Dromicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exiguus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F74AFFEFFD65930DCB77BF20" box="[708,839,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M. exiguus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which agrees with morphology (
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<bibRefCitation id="8B764B3AF74AFFEFFB7C930DCDA3BF23" author="Schwartz" box="[1245,1427,1536,1562]" pageId="18" pageNumber="25" refString="Schwartz, A. (1967) A review of the genus Dromicus in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Stahlia, 9, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1967">Schwartz 1967</bibRefCitation>
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) and supports its recognition as a distinct species rather than subspecies.
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<bibRefCitation id="8B764B3AF74AFFEFFBA6932BCCDBBF79" box="[1031,1259,1574,1600]" pageId="18" pageNumber="26" refString="Zaher, H., Grazziotin, F. G., Cadle, J. E., Murphy, R. W., Moura-Leite, J. C. & Bonatto, S. L. (2009) Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South America xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 49,115 - 153." type="book">Zaher et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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described this genus based on hemipenial characters in the species
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<taxonomicName id="28E74D48F74AFFEFFCAC9340CBA0BF5F" box="[781,912,1613,1638]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Dromicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exiguus">
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<emphasis id="DD93EAD9F74AFFEFFCAC9340CBA0BF5F" box="[781,912,1613,1638]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">M. exiguus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Oddly, that species was omitted from their molecular phylogeny even though it was present in the data set of
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<bibRefCitation id="8B764B3AF74AFFEFFC6F9379CC9BBFB7" box="[974,1195,1652,1678]" pageId="18" pageNumber="26" refString="Vidal, N., Kindl, S. G., Wong, A. & Hedges, S. B. (2000) Phylogenetic relationships of xenodontine snakes inferred from 12 S and 16 S ribosomal RNA sequences, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 14, 389 - 402." type="journal article">Vidal et al (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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, and corresponding sequences were available in GenBank.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |