363 lines
41 KiB
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363 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.38259" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b0ddb79b-fd6d-499f-8626-80a64b39fb06" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159412606" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-2-453" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D49EC3D9F8BA54B4AFED827B67E83634" ID-ZooBank="EE9B3C6BD4AE4508BF0E5CCEEB7F12EA" ModsDocID="1860-0743-2-453" checkinTime="1568292421383" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Salvador, Rodrigo B. & Cavallari, Daniel C." docDate="2019" docId="21FEDBE1B9185FEAA947DBE4386F201C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 95(2): 453-463" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.38259" docTitle="Hyperaulax ramagei Smith 1890" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="D49EC3D9F8BA54B4AFED827B67E83634" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="459" masterDocId="D49EC3D9F8BA54B4AFED827B67E83634" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the genus Hyperaulax Pilsbry, 1897 (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Odontostomidae)" masterLastPageNumber="463" masterPageNumber="453" pageId="4" pageNumber="457" updateTime="1643459391262" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of the genus Hyperaulax Pilsbry, 1897 (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Odontostomidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Salvador, Rodrigo B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Cavallari, Daniel C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>95</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:start>453</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.38259</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.38259</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-2-453</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">EE9B3C6BD4AE4508BF0E5CCEEB7F12EA</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">D49EC3D9F8BA54B4AFED827B67E83634</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159412606" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21FEDBE1B9185FEAA947DBE4386F201C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/21FEDBE1B9185FEAA947DBE4386F201C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="459" pageId="4" pageNumber="457">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="457" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="457">
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<taxonomicName LSID="21FEDBE1B9185FEAA947DBE4386F201C" authority="Smith, 1890" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1890" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Hyperaulax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyperaulax ramagei" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="457" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ramagei">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="457" start="start">Hyperaulax</pageBreakToken>
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ramagei (Smith, 1890)
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</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Hyperaulax ramagei. A-E. Lectotype, NHMUK 1988.6.24.163. F-J. Paralectotypes 1 to 5 (in order), including large forms in apparent sub-fossil state, NHMUK 1988.6.24.164 - 170. K. Specimen without the white spiral bands, NHMUK 1902.10.16.4." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339176" pageId="4" pageNumber="457" tableDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Hyperaulax ramagei. A-C. Syntype of Bonnanius bouvieri, MNHN-IM- 2000 - 28020 (MNHN). D. Reproduction of " Turbine 44 " of Buonanni (1861), the holotype of Bonnanius bonnanius. E. Protoconch detail, NHMUK 1902.10.16.4." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339177" pageId="4" pageNumber="457" tableDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure4">4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="458" start="start">"</pageBreakToken>
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Turbine, in cui la prima voluta
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<normalizedToken originalValue="è">e</normalizedToken>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="…)”">...)"</normalizedToken>
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119125" author="Buonanni, F" journalOrPublisher="Felice Cefaretti, Rome" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" refId="B8" refString="Buonanni, F, 1681. Ricreatione dell'occhio e della mente. Nell'offeruatione delle Chiocciole, proposta a' suriosi delle opere della natura. Felice Cefaretti, Rome" title="Ricreatione dell'occhio e della mente. Nell'offeruatione delle Chiocciole, proposta a' suriosi delle opere della natura." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119125" year="1681">Buonanni 1681</bibRefCitation>
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: 185, fig. Turbine #44.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
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<taxonomicName authority="Scopoli, 1777" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1777" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Bulimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bulimus (Tomigerus) Ramagei" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Ramagei" subGenus="Tomigerus">Bulimus (Tomigerus) Ramagei</taxonomicName>
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E.A.
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith, EA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Linnean Society of London" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="483 - 503" refId="B39" refString="Smith, EA, 1890. Mollusca. Journal of the Linnean Society of London 20: 483 - 503" title="Mollusca." volume="20" year="1890">Smith 1890</bibRefCitation>
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: 500, pl. 30, fig. 8.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
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<taxonomicName authority="Scopoli, 1777" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1777" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Bulimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bulimus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Bulimus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Tomigerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tomigerus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Tomigerus</taxonomicName>
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?)
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<taxonomicName family="Odontostomidae" genus="Ramagei" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ramagei" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" rank="genus">Ramagei</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Dall, WH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="395 - 460" refId="B10" refString="Dall, WH, 1896. Insular land shell faunas, especially as illustrated by the data obtained by Dr. G. Baur in the Galapagos Islands. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 48: 395 - 460" title="Insular land shell faunas, especially as illustrated by the data obtained by Dr. G. Baur in the Galapagos Islands." volume="48" year="1896">Dall 1896</bibRefCitation>
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: 415.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
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<taxonomicName authority="Jousseaume, 1900" authorityName="Jousseaume" authorityYear="1900" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Bonnanius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bonnanius bouvieri" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bouvieri">Bonnanius bouvieri</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Jousseaume, F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="5 - 44" refId="B17" refString="Jousseaume, F, 1900. Mollusques terrestres. Clausilia, Rhodea et Bulimus Sud-Americanae. Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris 2: 5 - 44" title="Mollusques terrestres. Clausilia, Rhodea et Bulimus Sud-Americanae." volume="2" year="1900">Jousseaume 1900</bibRefCitation>
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: 39, pl. 1, fig. 19.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
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<taxonomicName authority="Jousseaume, 1900" authorityName="Jousseaume" authorityYear="1900" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Bonnanius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bonnanius bonnanius" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bonnanius">Bonnanius bonnanius</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Jousseaume, F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="5 - 44" refId="B17" refString="Jousseaume, F, 1900. Mollusques terrestres. Clausilia, Rhodea et Bulimus Sud-Americanae. Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris 2: 5 - 44" title="Mollusques terrestres. Clausilia, Rhodea et Bulimus Sud-Americanae." volume="2" year="1900">Jousseaume 1900</bibRefCitation>
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: 41.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Hyperaulax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyperaulax (Bonnanius) ramagei" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ramagei" subGenus="Bonnanius">Hyperaulax (Bonnanius) ramagei</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Pilsbry, HA" journalOrPublisher="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" refId="B29" refString="Pilsbry, HA, 1901. Manual of conchology, second series. Pulmonata. Vol. 14. Oriental bulimoid Helicidae; Odontostomidae; Cerionidae. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia" title="Manual of conchology, second series. Pulmonata. Vol. 14. Oriental bulimoid Helicidae; Odontostomidae; Cerionidae." year="1901">Pilsbry 1901</bibRefCitation>
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: 103, pl. 11, figs 60-62;
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<bibRefCitation author="Thiele, J" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fisher Verlag, Jena" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" refId="B40" refString="Thiele, J, 1931. Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde. Erster Band, Teil 2. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Jena" title="Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde. Erster Band, Teil 2." year="1931">Thiele 1931</bibRefCitation>
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: 611;
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<bibRefCitation author="Morretes, FL" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos do Museu Paranaense" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="1 - 216" refId="B22" refString="Morretes, FL, 1949. Ensaio de catalogo dos moluscos do Brasil. Arquivos do Museu Paranaense 7: 1 - 216" title="Ensaio de catalogo dos moluscos do Brasil." volume="7" year="1949">Morretes 1949</bibRefCitation>
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: 153;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0373-55241955000100005" author="Lopes, HS" journalOrPublisher="Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="157 - 196" refId="B19" refString="Lopes, HS, Alvarenga, M, 1955. Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos moluscos da Ilha Fernando de Noronha - Brasil. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico 6: 157 - 196" title="Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos moluscos da Ilha Fernando de Noronha - Brasil." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0373-55241955000100005" volume="6" year="1955">Lopes and Alvarenga 1955</bibRefCitation>
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: 181;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="458" refId="B42">Zilch 1960</bibRefCitation>
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: 505, fig. 1772;
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<bibRefCitation author="Breure, ASH" journalOrPublisher="Basteria" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="109 - 127" refId="B3" refString="Breure, ASH, 1974. Catalogue of Bulimulidae (Gastropoda, Euthyneura), II. Odontostominae. Basteria 38: 109 - 127" title="Catalogue of Bulimulidae (Gastropoda, Euthyneura), II. Odontostominae." volume="38" year="1974">Breure 1974</bibRefCitation>
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: 52;
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<bibRefCitation author="Breure, ASH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="1137 - 1187" refId="B4" refString="Breure, ASH, 1975. Types of Bulimulidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 233: 1137 - 1187" title="Types of Bulimulidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris." volume="233" year="1975">Breure 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 1158;
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<bibRefCitation author="Oliveira, MP" journalOrPublisher="MEC, UFJF, Juiz de Fora" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" refId="B24" refString="Oliveira, MP, Rezende, GJR, Castro, GA, 1981. Catalogo dos moluscos da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Sinonimia de familia, genero e especie. MEC, UFJF, Juiz de Fora" title="Catalogo dos moluscos da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Sinonimia de familia, genero e especie." year="1981">Oliveira et al. 1981</bibRefCitation>
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: 350;
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<bibRefCitation author="Parkinson, B" journalOrPublisher="Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" refId="B25" refString="Parkinson, B, Hemmen, J, Groh, K, 1987. Tropical land shells of the world. Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden" title="Tropical land shells of the world." year="1987">Parkinson et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
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: 29;
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<bibRefCitation author="Abbott, RT" journalOrPublisher="American Malacologists, Melbourne" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" refId="B1" refString="Abbott, RT, 1989. Compendium of land shells. American Malacologists, Melbourne" title="Compendium of land shells." year="1989">Abbott 1989</bibRefCitation>
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: 106, text fig.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Tomigerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tomigerus (Bonnanius) ramagei" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ramagei" subGenus="Bonnanius">Tomigerus (Bonnanius) ramagei</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.113-3462.429" author="Parodiz, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="429 - 456" refId="B26" refString="Parodiz, JJ, 1962. New and little-known species of South and Central American land snails (Bulimulidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 113: 429 - 456" title="New and little-known species of South and Central American land snails (Bulimulidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.113-3462.429" volume="113" year="1962">Parodiz 1962</bibRefCitation>
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: 453.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
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<taxonomicName authority="Scopoli, 1777" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1777" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Bulimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bulimus (Tomigerus) ramagei" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ramagei" subGenus="Tomigerus">Bulimus (Tomigerus) ramagei</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Oliveira, MP" journalOrPublisher="Boletim do Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas e de Geociencias" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="1 - 46" refId="B23" refString="Oliveira, MP, Oliveira, MHR, 1984. Comunicacoes malacologicas n° 16. Listagem de tipos de GastropodaPulmonata brasileiros depositados em quatro museus europeus. Boletim do Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas e de Geociencias 38: 1 - 46" title="Comunicacoes malacologicas n ° 16. Listagem de tipos de GastropodaPulmonata brasileiros depositados em quatro museus europeus." volume="38" year="1984">Oliveira and Oliveira 1984</bibRefCitation>
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: 19.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
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<taxonomicName authority="Jousseaume, 1900" authorityName="Jousseaume" authorityYear="1900" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Bonnanius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bonnanius ramagei" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ramagei">Bonnanius ramagei</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Schileyko, AA" journalOrPublisher="Ruthenica, Supplement" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="263 - 436" refId="B37" refString="Schileyko, AA, 1999. Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Part 3. Partulidae, Aillyidae, Bulimulidae, Orthalicidae, Megaspiridae, Urocoptidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2: 263 - 436" title="Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. Part 3. Partulidae, Aillyidae, Bulimulidae, Orthalicidae, Megaspiridae, Urocoptidae." volume="2" year="1999">Schileyko 1999</bibRefCitation>
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: 339, fig. 419;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.182.2720" author="Breure, ASH" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="1 - 70" refId="B5" refString="Breure, ASH, Ablett, JD, 2012. Annotated type catalogue of the Bothriembryontidae and Odontostomidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in the Natural History Museum, London. ZooKeys 182: 1 - 70" title="Annotated type catalogue of the Bothriembryontidae and Odontostomidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in the Natural History Museum, London." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.182.2720" volume="182" year="2012">Breure and Ablett 2012</bibRefCitation>
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: 34, figs 20A, B, 20i.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Hyperaulax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyperaulax ramagei" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ramagei">Hyperaulax ramagei</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="458" refId="B33">Salgado and Coelho 2003</bibRefCitation>
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: 165;
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Salvador, RB" journalOrPublisher="Tuhinga" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="82 - 98" refId="B34" refString="Salvador, RB, 2019. Brazilian, Uruguayan and Argentinian land snails in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Tuhinga 30: 82 - 98" title="Brazilian, Uruguayan and Argentinian land snails in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa." volume="30" year="2019">Salvador 2019</bibRefCitation>
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: 87.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
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<taxonomicName family="Odontostomidae" genus="Bonnarius" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bonnarius" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" rank="genus">Bonnarius</taxonomicName>
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[sic]
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<taxonomicName family="Odontostomidae" genus="Bales" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bales ramagei" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="ramagei">ramagei</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Simone, LRL" journalOrPublisher="EGB / FAPESP, Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" refId="B38" refString="Simone, LRL, 2006. Land and freshwater mollusks of Brazil. EGB/FAPESP, Sao Paulo" title="Land and freshwater mollusks of Brazil." year="2006">Simone 2006</bibRefCitation>
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: 178, fig. 638.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
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Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Fernando de Noronha Island, Ponta do Tabaco. Original (
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith, EA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Linnean Society of London" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="483 - 503" refId="B39" refString="Smith, EA, 1890. Mollusca. Journal of the Linnean Society of London 20: 483 - 503" title="Mollusca." volume="20" year="1890">Smith 1890</bibRefCitation>
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: 500): "imbedded in sandy mud on a raised reef at Tobacco Point (G.A. Ramage leg.)".
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Known only from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago.</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
Lectotype NHMUK 1888.6.27.163 (designation by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.182.2720" author="Breure, ASH" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="1 - 70" refId="B5" refString="Breure, ASH, Ablett, JD, 2012. Annotated type catalogue of the Bothriembryontidae and Odontostomidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in the Natural History Museum, London. ZooKeys 182: 1 - 70" title="Annotated type catalogue of the Bothriembryontidae and Odontostomidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in the Natural History Museum, London." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.182.2720" volume="182" year="2012">Breure and Ablett 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Paralectotypes: NHMUK 1888.6.27.164-170, 7 shells.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
Types.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">BRAZIL</emphasis>
|
||
: Fernando de Noronha: ANSP 100531, 4 shells, H.v. Ihering leg., 1910; MNZ 205835, 4 shells, ex Suter coll. 5637; MNHN-IM-2000-28020 syntype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Jousseaume, 1900" authorityName="Jousseaume" authorityYear="1900" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Bonnanius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bonnanius bouvieri" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bouvieri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Bonnanius bouvieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Jousseaume coll.; MNZ 205822, 5 shells, ex Suter coll. 5639; MZSP 7738, 14 shells; MZSP 97933, 3 shells, ex J. Vaz coll., A.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nüssenbaum">Nuessenbaum</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg., viii/1973; NHMUK 1902.10.16.4, 1 shell; MZSP 131996, 3 shells, Ponta das Caracas,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="28" value="-3.8744445">3°52'28"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="-32.423336">32°25'24"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, F. Schunck leg., 27/ix/2013; NHMUK 20170271, 13 shells, from sand on north end of island, 16/vi/1887; USNM 518215,>30 shells, W. Williamson leg.; USNM 709805,>30 shells, dunes in Porto Santo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Antônio">Antonio</normalizedToken>
|
||
, L. Storrs et al. leg.,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="vii–viii">vii-viii</normalizedToken>
|
||
/1973; USNM 709806,>30 shells, Porto Santo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Antônio">Antonio</normalizedToken>
|
||
, L. Storrs et al. leg.; ZSM 7861, 1 shell, 1940; ZSM no nr., 3 shells.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">The shell is larger overall and has a broader profile. The riblets on the second part of the protoconch are more defined. The peristome is strongly thickened and displays marked apertural teeth.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
Shell medium-sized, bulimoid, rounded; W ~
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="4½">41/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Shell color chestnut brown; spire apex light brown to cream-colored; up to four equidistant white spiral bands might be present on lateral portion of whorls (but entirely brown morphs also occur); periumbilical region usually discolored, whitish; peristome and apertural teeth white. Protoconch (w ~
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="1¾">13/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
) rounded; first
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
whorl presenting undefined anastomosing sculpture; remainder sculptured by fine sinuous axial usually well-defined riblets (but sometimes anastomosed in some areas) that become less pronounced towards teleoconch; transition to teleoconch unclear (but sometimes with thickening of the last riblet). Teleoconch smooth (except for growth lines, which become more marked towards aperture). Suture well-marked, but not deep. Aperture roughly ovoid, but angulate. Peristome reflected and strongly thickened; some older specimens show continuous thickening of the peristome; parietal callus might be present in older specimens. Apertural teeth present: two knob-like parietal teeth positioned slightly towards the interior of shell (not always present); long palatal tooth in the middle portion of palatal region (its surface goes from smooth to serrated, with up to three distinct points); columellar tooth elongated, with smooth surface. Both columellar and palatal tooth produce a marked depression on outer wall of shell. Umbilicus slit-like.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Dimensions.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
Lectotype: H = 17.3 mm, D = 12.3 mm, h = 8.8 mm, d = 6.6, W = 4, w = 2. Paralectotype #1: H = 22.3, D = 15.6 mm, h = 10.9 mm, d = 7.7 mm, W =
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="4¾">43/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Paralectotype #2: H = 23.5 mm, D = 16.0 mm, h = 11.2 mm, d = 8.7 mm, W = 5. Paralectotype #3: H = 19.5 mm, D = 14.6 mm, h = 10 mm, d = 7.2 mm, W =
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="4½">41/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
, w =
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="1¾">13/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Paralectotype #4: H = 19.6 mm, D = 13.7 mm, h = 8.8 mm, d = 6.7 mm, W =
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="4½">41/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Paralectotype #5: H = 20.3 mm, D = 13.2 mm, h = 9.8 mm, d = 7.4 mm, W =
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="4¾">43/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
, w =
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="1¾">13/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Syntype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Jousseaume, 1900" authorityName="Jousseaume" authorityYear="1900" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Bonnanius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bonnanius bouvieri" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="bouvieri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Bonnanius bouvieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: H = 22.5 mm, D = 15.4 mm (Breure, 1975). Average (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 34, except for w, where n = 10): H = 17.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.56 mm (min = 16.1 mm, max = 22.0 mm), D = 12.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.96 mm, h = 9.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.71 mm, d = 7.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.63 mm, W =
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="4½">41/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
(min =
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="4¼">41/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
, max = 5), w =
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="1¾">13/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
(occasionally 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="459" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="458">
|
||
The names
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="H." lsidName="H. bouvieri" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="bouvieri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">H. bouvieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="H." lsidName="H. bonnanius" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="bonnanius">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">H. bonnanius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="H." lsidName="H. ramagei" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="ramagei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">H. ramagei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pilsbry, HA" journalOrPublisher="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" refId="B29" refString="Pilsbry, HA, 1901. Manual of conchology, second series. Pulmonata. Vol. 14. Oriental bulimoid Helicidae; Odontostomidae; Cerionidae. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia" title="Manual of conchology, second series. Pulmonata. Vol. 14. Oriental bulimoid Helicidae; Odontostomidae; Cerionidae." year="1901">Pilsbry (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this decision is followed here. The syntype of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="H." lsidName="H. bouvieri" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="bouvieri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">H. bouvieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Hyperaulax ramagei. A-C. Syntype of Bonnanius bouvieri, MNHN-IM- 2000 - 28020 (MNHN). D. Reproduction of " Turbine 44 " of Buonanni (1861), the holotype of Bonnanius bonnanius. E. Protoconch detail, NHMUK 1902.10.16.4." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339177" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" tableDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure4">
|
||
Fig. 4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) is indistinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="H." lsidName="H. ramagei" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="ramagei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">H. ramagei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the discussion regarding
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="H." lsidName="H. bonnanius" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="bonnanius">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">H. bonnanius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is slightly more colorful and it is worthwhile to recapitulate it here. Its original description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jousseaume, F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="5 - 44" refId="B17" refString="Jousseaume, F, 1900. Mollusques terrestres. Clausilia, Rhodea et Bulimus Sud-Americanae. Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris 2: 5 - 44" title="Mollusques terrestres. Clausilia, Rhodea et Bulimus Sud-Americanae." volume="2" year="1900">Jousseaume 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) was based upon the work of the Jesuit scholar Filippo Buonanni (1638-1723), who compiled the first conchology manual (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119125" author="Buonanni, F" journalOrPublisher="Felice Cefaretti, Rome" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" refId="B8" refString="Buonanni, F, 1681. Ricreatione dell'occhio e della mente. Nell'offeruatione delle Chiocciole, proposta a' suriosi delle opere della natura. Felice Cefaretti, Rome" title="Ricreatione dell'occhio e della mente. Nell'offeruatione delle Chiocciole, proposta a' suriosi delle opere della natura." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119125" year="1681">Buonanni 1681</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and is thus considered the Father of Conchology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004131880.i-657.52" author="Leonhard, K" editor="Enenkel, KAE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" refId="B18" refString="Leonhard, K, Enenkel, KAE, Smith, MS, 2007. Brill, Leiden. https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004131880.i-657.52" title="Brill, Leiden" url="https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004131880.i-657.52" year="2007">Leonhard 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pilsbry, HA" journalOrPublisher="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" refId="B29" refString="Pilsbry, HA, 1901. Manual of conchology, second series. Pulmonata. Vol. 14. Oriental bulimoid Helicidae; Odontostomidae; Cerionidae. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia" title="Manual of conchology, second series. Pulmonata. Vol. 14. Oriental bulimoid Helicidae; Odontostomidae; Cerionidae." year="1901">Pilsbry (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
argued,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119125" author="Buonanni, F" journalOrPublisher="Felice Cefaretti, Rome" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" refId="B8" refString="Buonanni, F, 1681. Ricreatione dell'occhio e della mente. Nell'offeruatione delle Chiocciole, proposta a' suriosi delle opere della natura. Felice Cefaretti, Rome" title="Ricreatione dell'occhio e della mente. Nell'offeruatione delle Chiocciole, proposta a' suriosi delle opere della natura." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119125" year="1681">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Buonanni’s">Buonanni's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1681)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description of his Turbine #44 and its illustration (allowing for some distortion in the drawing) are vastly consistent with
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="H." lsidName="H. ramagei" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" rank="species" species="ramagei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">H. ramagei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Despite later authors such as Linnaeus having relied on
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Buonanni’s">Buonanni's</normalizedToken>
|
||
work, this particular species was overlooked until
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jousseaume, F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris" pageId="7" pageNumber="460" pagination="5 - 44" refId="B17" refString="Jousseaume, F, 1900. Mollusques terrestres. Clausilia, Rhodea et Bulimus Sud-Americanae. Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris 2: 5 - 44" title="Mollusques terrestres. Clausilia, Rhodea et Bulimus Sud-Americanae." volume="2" year="1900">Jousseaume (1900)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
published it as
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Jousseaume, 1900" authorityName="Jousseaume" authorityYear="1900" class="Gastropoda" family="Odontostomidae" genus="Bonnanius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bonnanius Bonnanius" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="458" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="Bonnanius">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="458">Bonnanius Bonnanius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, misspelling the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jesuit’s">Jesuit's</normalizedToken>
|
||
name and likely without knowing the work of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, EA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Linnean Society of London" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="483 - 503" refId="B39" refString="Smith, EA, 1890. Mollusca. Journal of the Linnean Society of London 20: 483 - 503" title="Mollusca." volume="20" year="1890">Smith (1890)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="459" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
|
||
shell features of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="H." lsidName="H. ramagei" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" rank="species" species="ramagei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="459">H. ramagei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
display some morphological variation: (1) shell size, from some rather small specimens to very large ones (Hmin = 16 mm and Hmax = 22 mm); (2) shell color can go from entirely brown to marked with four white spiral bands; (3) aperture size, relative to remainder of the shell; (4) shell shape, with some specimens having a much shorter spire (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Hyperaulax ramagei. A-E. Lectotype, NHMUK 1988.6.24.163. F-J. Paralectotypes 1 to 5 (in order), including large forms in apparent sub-fossil state, NHMUK 1988.6.24.164 - 170. K. Specimen without the white spiral bands, NHMUK 1902.10.16.4." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339176" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" tableDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3">
|
||
Fig. 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
, lectotype); (5) two parietal teeth might be absent (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Hyperaulax ramagei. A-E. Lectotype, NHMUK 1988.6.24.163. F-J. Paralectotypes 1 to 5 (in order), including large forms in apparent sub-fossil state, NHMUK 1988.6.24.164 - 170. K. Specimen without the white spiral bands, NHMUK 1902.10.16.4." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339176" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" tableDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3">Fig. 3I</figureCitation>
|
||
); (6) the surface of the palatal tooth goes from nearly smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Hyperaulax ramagei. A-E. Lectotype, NHMUK 1988.6.24.163. F-J. Paralectotypes 1 to 5 (in order), including large forms in apparent sub-fossil state, NHMUK 1988.6.24.164 - 170. K. Specimen without the white spiral bands, NHMUK 1902.10.16.4." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339176" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" tableDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3">Fig. 3I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
) to serrated (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Hyperaulax ramagei. A-E. Lectotype, NHMUK 1988.6.24.163. F-J. Paralectotypes 1 to 5 (in order), including large forms in apparent sub-fossil state, NHMUK 1988.6.24.164 - 170. K. Specimen without the white spiral bands, NHMUK 1902.10.16.4." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339176" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" tableDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3">Fig. 3F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
), with up to three distinct points (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Hyperaulax ramagei. A-E. Lectotype, NHMUK 1988.6.24.163. F-J. Paralectotypes 1 to 5 (in order), including large forms in apparent sub-fossil state, NHMUK 1988.6.24.164 - 170. K. Specimen without the white spiral bands, NHMUK 1902.10.16.4." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339176" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" tableDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure3">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
), reminiscent of the carnassial tooth of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Bales" lsidName="Bales" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" rank="order">Carnivora</taxonomicName>
|
||
(apparently this is not related to the age of the individual or to the freshness of the specimen when collected). The syntype of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="H." lsidName="H. bouvieri" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" rank="species" species="bouvieri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="459">H. bouvieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show a four-pronged palatal tooth, which is also unusually large, and a three-pronged parietal tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Hyperaulax ramagei. A-C. Syntype of Bonnanius bouvieri, MNHN-IM- 2000 - 28020 (MNHN). D. Reproduction of " Turbine 44 " of Buonanni (1861), the holotype of Bonnanius bonnanius. E. Protoconch detail, NHMUK 1902.10.16.4." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339177" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" tableDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure4">
|
||
Fig. 4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
); this could be seen as morphological variation, but, as this specimen bears a mark of breakage near the aperture and further growth (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Hyperaulax ramagei. A-C. Syntype of Bonnanius bouvieri, MNHN-IM- 2000 - 28020 (MNHN). D. Reproduction of " Turbine 44 " of Buonanni (1861), the holotype of Bonnanius bonnanius. E. Protoconch detail, NHMUK 1902.10.16.4." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/339177" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" tableDoi="10.3897/zse.95.38259.figure4">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
), it could be simply post-trauma anomalous growth. For a comparison with its single congener,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="H." lsidName="H. ridleyi" pageId="6" pageNumber="459" rank="species" species="ridleyi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="459">H. ridleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see the Discussion section of that species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="459">
|
||
Some of the specimens available (including some paralectotypes) appear to be of a sub-fossil state, as already noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, EA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Linnean Society of London" pageId="8" pageNumber="461" pagination="483 - 503" refId="B39" refString="Smith, EA, 1890. Mollusca. Journal of the Linnean Society of London 20: 483 - 503" title="Mollusca." volume="20" year="1890">Smith (1890)</bibRefCitation>
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. These appear to be larger than the fresh specimens, but this could be due to collection bias towards larger specimens; at present, there is not enough sub-fossil material for a statistically meaningful assessment.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |