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<document id="933251DB5676B04E7B67466F534A768C" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.515.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8061143" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1687282820830" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Beek, Abraham Van De" docDate="2021" docId="03DE3646FF9CFFCEFF43FF7FFF44FC3F" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytotaxa.515.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 515 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.515.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.3:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Rubus (ser. Apetali) A. Beek 2021, ser. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="FFE74E3EFF8FFFDDFFCBFFE1FF96FF93" masterDocTitle="Rubi Capenses: a further contribution to the knowledge of the genus Rubus (Rosaceae) in South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1687376400670" updateUser="jonas">
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<mods:title id="BF693561CFE74670603AF544A40B2795">Rubi Capenses: a further contribution to the knowledge of the genus Rubus (Rosaceae) in South Africa</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C36DD4DBFF9CFFCEFF43FF7FFE72FF2B" box="[136,484,158,185]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC88750FF9CFFCEFF43FF7FFE72FF2B" blockId="19.[136,967,158,185]" box="[136,484,158,185]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFF43FF7FFF46FF2B" bold="true" box="[136,208,158,184]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Series</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C77FCD3FF9CFFCEFF1DFF7FFE15FF2B" authority="A.Beek" authorityName="A. Beek" authorityYear="2021" box="[214,387,158,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="series" series="Apetali" status="ser. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFF1DFF7FFEBEFF2A" bold="true" box="[214,296,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Apetali</emphasis>
A.Beek
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A230E639FF9CFFCEFE42FF7EFE72FF2B" box="[393,484,159,184]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="series">ser. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36DD4DBFF9CFFCEFE20FF7EFC51FF2B" box="[491,967,158,185]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BC88750FF9CFFCEFE20FF7EFC51FF2B" blockId="19.[136,967,158,185]" box="[491,967,158,185]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<typeStatus id="54CC39F2FF9CFFCEFE20FF7EFDB0FF2A" box="[491,550,159,185]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Type</typeStatus>
:—
<taxonomicName id="4C77FCD3FF9CFFCEFD8DFF7FFC51FF2B" authority="Poiret (1804: 242)" authorityName="Poiret" authorityYear="1804" box="[582,967,158,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="apetalus">
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFD8DFF7FFD64FF2B" box="[582,754,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rubus apetalus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6FAA1FF9CFFCEFD32FF7FFC51FF2B" author="Poiret, J. L. M." box="[761,967,158,184]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref48764" refString="Poiret, J. L. M. (1804) Encyclopedie methodique. Botanique, Vol. 6. Agasse, Paris, 786 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 824" type="book" year="1804">Poiret (1804: 242)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36DD4DBFF9CFFCEFF43FF0BFC26FF6C" box="[136,944,234,256]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC88750FF9CFFCEFF43FF0BFC26FF6C" blockId="19.[136,944,234,256]" box="[136,944,234,256]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFF43FF0BFF49FF6C" box="[136,223,234,255]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Synonym</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="4C77FCD3FF9CFFCEFF36FF0BFC98FF6C" authority="Discolores Gustafsson (1934: 9" authorityName="Discolores Gustafsson" authorityYear="1934" box="[253,782,234,256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSection" subSection="Apetali">
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFF36FF0BFEAFFF6C" box="[253,313,234,255]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Rubus</emphasis>
subsect.
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFE59FF0BFDD2FF6C" box="[402,580,234,255]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Apetali Discolores</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6FAA1FF9CFFCEFD81FF0BFC98FF6C" author="Gustafsson, C. E." box="[586,782,234,256]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref47689" refString="Gustafsson, C. E. (1934) Rubi Africani. Arkiv f ˆ r Botanik 26 A (7): 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1934">Gustafsson (1934: 9</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 50),
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFC8FFF0AFC26FF6C" box="[836,944,234,256]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nom. inval.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36DD4DBFF9CFFCEFF43FECFFBCCFEDA" box="[136,1114,302,329]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC88750FF9CFFCEFF43FECFFBCCFEDA" blockId="19.[136,1452,302,940]" box="[136,1114,302,329]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFF43FECFFE93FEDB" bold="true" box="[136,261,302,328]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
—Petals absent or very small; leaves abaxially soft hairy or grey tomentose.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36DD4DBFF9CFFCEFF76FEB3FF44FC3F" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC88750FF9CFFCEFF76FEB3FB1BFDB3" blockId="19.[136,1452,302,940]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFF76FEB3FE9FFEFF" bold="true" box="[189,265,338,364]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Notes:</emphasis>
—Several authors mention the occurrence of
<taxonomicName id="4C77FCD3FF9CFFCEFCEEFEB2FC3EFEFF" authorityName="Poiret" authorityYear="1804" box="[805,936,338,364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="apetalus">
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFCEEFEB2FC3EFEFF" box="[805,936,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R. apetalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F360C7C0FF9CFFCEFC1DFEB3FBFBFEFF" box="[982,1133,338,364]" name="South Africa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">South Africa</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6FAA1FF9CFFCEFBB6FEB3FAB5FEFF" author="Sochor, M." box="[1149,1315,338,364]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref49392" refString="Sochor, M. (2019) Preliminary taxonomic treatment of eastern South African Rubus, unpublished paper." type="book" year="2019">Sochor (2019)</bibRefCitation>
indicates a distribution from Somerset-East to Tzaneen. A specimen from the Katrivier region was collected by Ecklon &amp; Zeyher (
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFF5AFE7AFEC2FE27" box="[145,340,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Enumeratio 1707</emphasis>
) as
<taxonomicName id="4C77FCD3FF9CFFCEFE41FE7AFE61FE27" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1819" box="[394,503,410,436]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigidus">
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFE41FE7AFE61FE27" box="[394,503,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R. rigidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
?. Specimens annotated as such are conserved in BREM and NBG. There is no doubt that it is the same taxon that
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6FAA1FF9CFFCEFE17FE5FFD14FE4B" author="Sochor, M." box="[476,642,446,472]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref49392" refString="Sochor, M. (2019) Preliminary taxonomic treatment of eastern South African Rubus, unpublished paper." type="book" year="2019">Sochor (2019)</bibRefCitation>
, following earlier authors (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6FAA1FF9CFFCEFC24FE5FFBE1FE4B" author="Focke, W. O." box="[1007,1143,446,472]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 223" refId="ref47419" refString="Focke, W. O. (1911) Species ruborum. Monographiae generis Rubi prodromus, Pars I et II. Bibliotheca Botanica 72: 1 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15533" type="journal article" year="1911">Focke 1911</bibRefCitation>
), identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C77FCD3FF9CFFCEFAEFFE5EFA32FE4B" authorityName="Poiret" authorityYear="1804" box="[1316,1444,446,472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="apetalus">
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFAEFFE5EFA32FE4B" box="[1316,1444,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R. apetalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6FAA1FF9CFFCEFF43FE03FECCFE6F" author="Gustafsson, C. E." box="[136,346,482,508]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref47689" refString="Gustafsson, C. E. (1934) Rubi Africani. Arkiv f ˆ r Botanik 26 A (7): 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1934">Gustafsson (1934)</bibRefCitation>
does not claim the species for
<collectingCountry id="F360C7C0FF9CFFCEFD06FE03FCF4FE6F" box="[717,866,482,508]" name="South Africa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">South Africa</collectingCountry>
. He only mentions the similar
<taxonomicName id="4C77FCD3FF9CFFCEFB05FE02FECAFDB3" authority="Engler (1911: 223)" authorityName="Engler" authorityPageNumber="223" authorityYear="1911" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adolfi-friedericii">
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFB05FE02FA3AFE6F" box="[1230,1452,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R. adolfi-friedericii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6FAA1FF9CFFCEFF43FDE7FECAFDB3" author="Engler, A." box="[136,348,518,544]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="223 - 229" refId="ref47121" refString="Engler, A. (1911) Rosaceae. In: J. Mildbread (Hrsg.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral-Africa-Expedition, 1907 - 1908 unter Fuhrung Adolf Friedrichs, Herzogs zu Mecklenburg. Band II. Botanik. Klinkhardt &amp; Biermann, Leipzig, pp. 223 - 229. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 30433 # page / 269 / mode / 1 up]" type="book chapter" year="1911">Engler (1911: 223)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Transvaal and he supposes this might also occur more to the south.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC88750FF9CFFCEFF76FDCAFC62FD47" blockId="19.[136,1452,302,940]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
For identifying the correct name of the South African specimens, original material of the previously proposed names had to be consulted. Because there are several other converging taxa in the eastern part of Africa it was also necessary to check these as well, to see if they might be identical with the South African plants, after the claimed identity with
<taxonomicName id="4C77FCD3FF9CFFCEFED4FD76FE08FD23" authorityName="Poiret" authorityYear="1804" box="[287,414,662,688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="apetalus">
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFED4FD76FE08FD23" box="[287,414,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R. apetalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appeared to be incorrect. Before publishing a new name all possible correct names must be excluded. Consequently a more detailed discussion of these names is overdue.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC88750FF9CFFCEFF76FD3FFF44FC3F" blockId="19.[136,1452,302,940]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
There are several names of taxa that have been associated with
<taxonomicName id="4C77FCD3FF9CFFCEFC69FD3EFBB5FD6B" authorityName="Poiret" authorityYear="1804" box="[930,1059,734,760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="apetalus">
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFC69FD3EFBB5FD6B" box="[930,1059,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R. apetalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[see e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6FAA1FF9CFFCEFB5DFD3FFAC9FD6B" author="Quattrocchi, U." box="[1174,1375,734,760]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref48911" refString="Quattrocchi, U. (1999) CRC World dictionary of plant names: common names, scientific names, eponyms, synonyms and etymology, Vol. 4 R - Z. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington D. C., 640 pp." type="book" year="1999">Quattrocchi 1999</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6FAA1FF9CFFCEFAA7FD3FFA31FD6B" author="Quattrocchi, U." box="[1388,1447,734,760]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref48964" refString="Quattrocchi, U. (2012). CRC World dictionary of medicinal and poisonous plants: common names, scientific names, eponyms, synonyms and etymology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 4018 pp." type="book" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
, The Plant List (http://www.theplantlist.org/), Plants of the World (http://powo.science.kew.org/), World Flora Online (http://www.worldfloraonline.org/), herbarium collection P]. The most relevant are
<taxonomicName id="4C77FCD3FF9CFFCEFBE0FCC6FA30FCD2" authority="Persoon (1806: 51)" authorityName="Pers. Bourbon. Legit" authorityPageNumber="51" authorityYear="1806" box="[1067,1446,806,833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFBE0FCC6FB5EFCD3" box="[1067,1224,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R. borbonicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6FAA1FF9CFFCEFB05FCC6FA30FCD2" author="Persoon, C. H." box="[1230,1446,806,833]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref48715" refString="Persoon, C. H. (1806) Synopsis plantarum, seu Enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitarum. Parisiis Lutetiorum: C. F. Cramerum, 656 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 638" type="book" year="1806">Persoon (1806: 51)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C77FCD3FF9CFFCEFF43FCAAFDC7FCF6" authority="Gustafsson (1934: 50)" authorityName="Gustafsson" authorityPageNumber="50" authorityYear="1934" box="[136,593,842,869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascarius">
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFF43FCAAFEC7FCF7" box="[136,337,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R. madagascarius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6FAA1FF9CFFCEFE93FCABFDC7FCF6" author="Gustafsson, C. E." box="[344,593,842,869]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref47689" refString="Gustafsson, C. E. (1934) Rubi Africani. Arkiv f ˆ r Botanik 26 A (7): 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1934">Gustafsson (1934: 50)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C77FCD3FF9CFFCEFD96FCAAFC63FCF6" authority="Richard (1847: 257)" authorityName="Richard" authorityPageNumber="257" authorityYear="1847" box="[605,1013,842,869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quartinianus">
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFD96FCAAFC9CFCF7" box="[605,778,843,868]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R. quartinianus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6FAA1FF9CFFCEFCDAFCABFC63FCF6" author="Richard, A." box="[785,1013,842,869]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref49050" refString="Richard, A. (1847), Vol. 1. Arthus Bertrand, Parisiis, xi + 472 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 334" type="book" year="1847">Richard (1847: 257)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C77FCD3FF9CFFCEFBCBFCAAFF28FC1A" authority="Steudel ex Richard (1847: 256)" authorityName="Steudel ex Richard" authorityPageNumber="256" authorityYear="1847" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exsuccus">
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFBCBFCAAFB14FCF7" box="[1024,1154,843,868]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R. exsuccus</emphasis>
Steudel ex
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6FAA1FF9CFFCEFAC8FCABFF28FC1A" author="Richard, A." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref49050" refString="Richard, A. (1847), Vol. 1. Arthus Bertrand, Parisiis, xi + 472 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 334" type="book" year="1847">Richard (1847: 256)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C77FCD3FF9CFFCEFF02FC8EFE13FC1B" authority="Rolfe" authorityName="Rolfe" box="[201,389,878,904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inedulis">
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFF02FC8EFED7FC1B" box="[201,321,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R. inedulis</emphasis>
Rolfe
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFE6FAA1FF9CFFCEFE62FC8FFD39FC1A" author="Stapf, O. &amp; Sprague, T. A. &amp; Rolge, R. A. &amp; Clarke, C. B. &amp; Dawe, M. T. &amp; Wright, C. H." box="[425,687,878,905]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref49777" refString="Stapf, O., Sprague, T. A., Rolge, R. A., Clarke, C. B., Dawe, M. T. &amp; Wright, C. H. (1906) Plantae novae Daweanae in Uganda Lectae. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1906. tb 00847. x" type="book" year="1906">
Stapf
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFE20FC8EFD8AFC1B" box="[491,540,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
. (1906: 514)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C77FCD3FF9CFFCEFD71FC8EFC02FC1B" authorityName="Engler" authorityYear="1911" box="[698,916,878,904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adolfi-friedericii">
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFD71FC8EFC02FC1B" box="[698,916,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R. adolfi-friedericii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C77FCD3FF9CFFCEFC1AFC8EFBDEFC1B" authorityName="Focke" authorityYear="1874" box="[977,1096,878,904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ecklonii">
<emphasis id="B9035B42FF9CFFCEFC1AFC8EFBDEFC1B" box="[977,1096,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">R. ecklonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These are discussed separately below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>