395 lines
48 KiB
XML
395 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="1A211A6455058C4A25D7CE81F895724D" ID-CLB-Dataset="36829" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3823.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cdc3964e-ebf3-491e-b10c-9ad6592cb0f0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="286373" ID-ZooBank="0D42FA17-3B11-4DBB-9E48-D7D505F9CE29" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460443345149" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Austin, William C., Ott, Bruce S., Reiswig, Henry M., Romagosa, Paula & G, Neil" docDate="2014" docId="03D0FB0AFF862E0309E0FF57FBC87F88" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03823p084.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3823 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Pione gibraltarensis Austin, Ott, Reiswig, Romagosa & G, 2014, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FFE98372FF892E120977FF89FF837A07" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of Hadromerida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from British Columbia, Canada, and adjacent waters, with the description of nine new species" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1698333174097" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="AEB78B37F078BF0F8E7C26D86954E046" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AFF9CA81E305A95FA31FDDDAF37F3F48">
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<mods:title id="96D746C342BA8C076AB8F4AAFEB7ED53">Taxonomic review of Hadromerida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from British Columbia, Canada, and adjacent waters, with the description of nine new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="C89033FAE3FAEB31AD55FCF03F9FEAB1" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="1D1E56F6120323637E2B3133BCD8FD74">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AC0909BF185AD4DFFB8B7B9D88D7B9EA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="736C68428AE69ACD91534861F0AEA39E">Austin, William C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="49142113B1070B48115A4AC220CDD42D" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="E6C84E5DDB72BFB42A8E87E298043B6A">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2C166B51F7A3EF0564BF6ED1C058BA97">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E14CF2A2671AF5CDCC4C818AAC6512B9">Ott, Bruce S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="605E72DFFBD2023DE63716D3476BDC3E" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="89EDEDC6FE8EFC7A5A4E09353D3C8480">
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<mods:roleTerm id="55B627D74EEFADDFFE6ABB6F7EA99BEB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1F1125C100841C1A92FDB7328E2595B2">Reiswig, Henry M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="874A7578532D073E8E694EF5AFB47879" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="68FF090788837C31C9D41833AE72E54F">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E0D65966E3387713BF82C76E292C48D7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E11C3FFF108CA3814FDCF3B93EE80097">Romagosa, Paula</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="1F3A7598574462E0AFAC8BAF0361BCAC" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="6B04EDC22ACF62FD374152105AAD6C69">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A95356212C8B39BC477C8C72BAC092A4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BC6FD917383FACA65EF42AC1D868F4B4">G, Neil</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9E31E3ABD44B8580C6BA127074EE355B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="1599BBC56F2EE154D4848A810594AFF1">
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<mods:title id="06850DEA54B71029D1601023D6207DD5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="CFE867E67A28F6A82004D8C107EA2B42">
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<mods:date id="BFFCF028146BFB7577CC05AEAE052F51">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="D239AC40B1CFE18DDEBDFBB4A1EA64BA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="AA2EFD555089C4C675C54FDC535E7889">3823</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="ABED6753B11D9D6FB56A0876C63FCFDA" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="01072D01DA7DA06281930BAA247EEE0F">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="716A1603F22CFE76A5CCA705164B4166">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="40BC79E60B6FE1D870F784E26279D2D9">84</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="74E72D56F33FF1283186A6DD2ACC577C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="06220CC2EDC15A289360BF70624CF678" type="CLB-Dataset">36829</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4440B53C27628695589C5DC1E7F02D46" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3823.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="33D5518ED412273C549BF107C715E0B4" type="GBIF-Dataset">cdc3964e-ebf3-491e-b10c-9ad6592cb0f0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BDCAF59FE273D7AFB109BBFC437F5B7F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="73B524AB7DE6AC11CAD887CA7063C438" type="Zenodo-Dep">286373</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DC9A96BC4DA7CD00FA54A233B9484A8D" type="ZooBank">0D42FA17-3B11-4DBB-9E48-D7D505F9CE29</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03D0FB0AFF862E0309E0FF57FBC87F88" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6132510" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127668541" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6132510" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D0FB0AFF862E0309E0FF57FBC87F88" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D0FB0AFF862E0309E0FF57FBC87F88" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="C3631997FF862E1D09E0FF57FE8D7B1D" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF862E1D09E0FF57FE507AFF" blockId="15.[151,467,222,282]" box="[151,467,222,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<heading id="D08EFD70FF862E1D09E0FF57FE507AFF" bold="true" box="[151,467,222,248]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90D960EFF862E1D09E0FF57FE507AFF" bold="true" box="[151,467,222,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF862E1D09E0FF57FE0A7AFF" box="[151,393,222,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Pione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gibraltarensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90D960EFF862E1D09E0FF57FE0A7AFF" bold="true" box="[151,393,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pione gibraltarensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23E2B75FF862E1D08E6FF57FE507AFF" box="[401,467,222,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF862E1D09E0FE88FE8D7B1D" blockId="15.[151,467,222,282]" box="[151,270,257,282]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF862E1D09E0FE88FF557B1D" box="[151,214,257,282]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[177,1409,195,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[177,1409,195,1848]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pione gibraltarensis n. sp.. A, tylostyle, scale bar 100 µm; B, C, subtylote heads, scale bar 30 µm; D, subterminal tyle, scale bar 30 µm; E, acanthoxea, scale bar 30 µm; F, spiny spirasters, scale bar 10 µm; G, smooth spiraster, scale bar 10 µm; H, spiny spirasters, scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286378/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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A–H
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3631997FF862E1D09E0FEC0FED27B81" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF862E1D09E0FEC0FED27B81" blockId="15.[151,1437,329,1578]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B90D960EFF862E1D09E0FEC0FE9D7B65" bold="true" box="[151,286,329,354]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific epithet is derived from the
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<typeStatus id="54C2F4BEFF862E1D0B83FEC3FCA77B65" box="[756,804,330,354]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
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locality,
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<collectingCountry id="F36E0A8CFF862E1D0AF8FEC0FC777B65" box="[911,1012,329,354]" name="Gibraltar" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Gibraltar</collectingCountry>
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I. (Barkley Sound, BC) where KML 1018 was found.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3631997FF862E1D09B0FE18FAC57BF5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF862E1D09B0FE18FAC57BF5" blockId="15.[151,1437,329,1578]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B90D960EFF862E1D09B0FE18FE337BAD" bold="true" box="[199,432,401,426]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54C2F4BEFF862E1D08C0FE18FDA07BAD" box="[439,547,401,426]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: KML 1018, KML sta.149/76,
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<collectingCountry id="F36E0A8CFF862E1D0A08FE18FC677BAD" box="[895,996,401,426]" name="Gibraltar" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Gibraltar</collectingCountry>
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I., Barkley Sd.,
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<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF862E1D0DEDFE18FB417BAE" box="[1178,1218,401,425]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BC</collectionCode>
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, (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF862E1D0DA1FE18FADC7BAD" box="[1238,1375,401,426]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="9" value="48.912834">48º 54.77′N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF862E1D0C1DFE18FF787BC9" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="9" value="-125.25584">125º 15.35′W</geoCoordinate>
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), high tide pool
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<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF862E1D08DAFE3FFE5B7BCA" box="[429,472,438,462]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
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above low tide level,
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<date id="FFC76CDCFF862E1D0BBCFE3FFCDC7BC9" box="[715,863,437,462]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1976-08-09">Aug. 9, 1976</date>
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, coll. W.C. Austin.
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<typeStatus id="54C2F4BEFF862E1D0D4FFE3FFB1C7BC9" box="[1080,1183,438,462]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
: KML 1019, KML sta. 37/79, head of Pendrell Sd.,
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<collectionCode id="ED68D2D9FF862E1D08A1FE50FE7D7BF6" box="[470,510,473,497]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">BC</collectionCode>
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||
, (
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF862E1D0B66FE50FD0F7BF5" box="[529,652,473,498]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="92" value="50.298332">50º 17.9′N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF862E1D0BE0FE50FCA47BF5" box="[663,807,473,498]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="92" value="-124.71667">124º 43.0′W</geoCoordinate>
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), mid intertidal,
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<date id="FFC76CDCFF862E1D0A97FE53FBF27BF6" box="[992,1137,473,498]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1979-05-02">May 2, 1979</date>
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, coll. W.C. Austin.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3631997FF862E0309B0FE74FBC87F88" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF862E1D09B0FE74FECC795D" blockId="15.[151,1437,329,1578]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="B90D960EFF862E1D09B0FE74FEDA7811" bold="true" box="[199,345,509,534]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B90D960EFF862E1D0811FE77FDE67811" box="[358,613,510,534]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Macroscopic features.</emphasis>
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KML 1018 excavating shell of living mussel (
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<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF862E1D0DD2FE74FEB0783E" authority="Conrad, 1837" authorityName="Conrad" authorityYear="1837" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Mytilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mytiloida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="californianus">
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<emphasis id="B90D960EFF862E1D0DD2FE74FA187811" box="[1189,1435,509,534]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mytilus californianus</emphasis>
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Conrad, 1837
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</taxonomicName>
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), in alpha form; papillae not contracted; oscular papilla a low truncated cone about 800 Μm in basal diameter; the orifice diameter and the wall height each about 1/3 of the basal diameter; ostia bearing papilla an elevated dome, the height almost equal to the basal diameter which ranged from
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<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF862E1D0D6EFDE3FB217886" box="[1049,1186,618,642]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.7 mm</quantity>
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. Around the periphery of the dome 16–20 cellular strands reinforced by tylostyles extend from the base to the top of the dome. Oscular pores range in size from
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<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF862E1D08D9FD3BFDA278CE" box="[430,545,690,714]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1 mm</quantity>
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diam; spaced at approximately
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<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF862E1D0AFFFD38FC4A78CE" box="[904,969,689,714]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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intervals; ostial pores
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<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF862E1D0DBFFD38FACC78CE" box="[1224,1359,689,714]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.44999999999999996" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.6 mm</quantity>
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diam., spaced at approximately
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<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF862E1D08D9FD5FFE6C78EA" box="[430,495,726,750]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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intervals. Pores enter erosion pits directly, without canals, erosion pits initially oval about 0.8 x
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<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF862E1D086CFD70FEF27916" box="[283,369,761,786]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
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by
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<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF862E1D08ECFD73FE5F7916" box="[411,476,762,786]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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||
deep; as increase in size interconnect to form channels; inter chamber pores typically
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||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF862E1D09E0FC97FF6D7932" box="[151,238,798,822]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
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, some to
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<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF862E1D0820FC94FE2E7932" box="[343,429,797,822]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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diam.; few openings into the interior of the mussel; these
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<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF862E1D0D43FC94FB397932" box="[1076,1210,797,822]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.6 mm</quantity>
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diam. Colour in life greenish yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF862E1D09B0FCEFFB5079ED" blockId="15.[151,1437,329,1578]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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KML 1019 excavating empty Japanese oyster shells (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF862E1D0A33FCEFFB597979" authority="Thunberg, 1793" authorityName="Thunberg" authorityYear="1793" box="[836,1242,869,894]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Crassostrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gigas">
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||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF862E1D0A33FCEFFB90797A" box="[836,1043,870,893]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Crassostrea gigas</emphasis>
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||
Thunberg, 1793
|
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</taxonomicName>
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), in alpha form. Papillae retracted; ostial pores
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<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF862E1D0B74FC00FD0C79A6" box="[515,655,905,930]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.6 mm</quantity>
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||
diam., oscular pores
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<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF862E1D0AE7FC03FB9F79A6" box="[912,1052,906,930]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.2 mm</quantity>
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diam., both
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<typeStatus id="54C2F4BEFF862E1D0DC0FC03FB7179A5" box="[1207,1266,906,930]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">types</typeStatus>
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on inside and outside surface of oyster. These open directly into excavation chambers; these initially oval about 2.8
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<date id="FFC76CDCFF862E1D0C74FC27FAA679C1" box="[1283,1317,942,966]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF862E1D0C60FC27FAA679C1" box="[1303,1317,942,966]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="4.0">4</quantity>
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</date>
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mm diam. but coalesce to become channels; interchamber pores
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF862E1D0B85FC58FCFB79EE" box="[754,888,977,1002]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
diam. Colour in life unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF862E1D09B0FC7FFED97F0D" blockId="15.[151,1437,329,1578]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF862E1D09B0FC7FFDAE7E09" box="[199,557,1013,1038]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Microscopic features. Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicule
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2F4BEFF862E1D0BE1FC7FFD527E09" box="[662,721,1014,1038]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">types</typeStatus>
|
||
include tylostyles, acanthoxea, and two classes of spirasters. Tylostyles form a fence around the papillae with the points extending beyond the tissue; about 2/3 with well rounded tyle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF862E1D084CFBB4FE037E51" box="[315,384,1085,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[177,1409,195,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[177,1409,195,1848]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pione gibraltarensis n. sp.. A, tylostyle, scale bar 100 µm; B, C, subtylote heads, scale bar 30 µm; D, subterminal tyle, scale bar 30 µm; E, acanthoxea, scale bar 30 µm; F, spiny spirasters, scale bar 10 µm; G, smooth spiraster, scale bar 10 µm; H, spiny spirasters, scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286378/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A) but some, about 1/3, with tyle just back from the end giving a mucronate or subtylote appearance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF862E1D0850FBE8FEEE7E7D" box="[295,365,1121,1146]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[177,1409,195,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[177,1409,195,1848]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pione gibraltarensis n. sp.. A, tylostyle, scale bar 100 µm; B, C, subtylote heads, scale bar 30 µm; D, subterminal tyle, scale bar 30 µm; E, acanthoxea, scale bar 30 µm; F, spiny spirasters, scale bar 10 µm; G, smooth spiraster, scale bar 10 µm; H, spiny spirasters, scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286378/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C); a few with the tyle well back from the head which is stylote (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF862E1D0DE0FBE8FB5E7E7D" box="[1175,1245,1121,1146]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[177,1409,195,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[177,1409,195,1848]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pione gibraltarensis n. sp.. A, tylostyle, scale bar 100 µm; B, C, subtylote heads, scale bar 30 µm; D, subterminal tyle, scale bar 30 µm; E, acanthoxea, scale bar 30 µm; F, spiny spirasters, scale bar 10 µm; G, smooth spiraster, scale bar 10 µm; H, spiny spirasters, scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286378/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Acanthoxeas abundant in the endosome; straight or bent and often with an annular swelling at the midpoint of the spicule (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF862E1D0C18FB0CFF267EC5" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[177,1409,195,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[177,1409,195,1848]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pione gibraltarensis n. sp.. A, tylostyle, scale bar 100 µm; B, C, subtylote heads, scale bar 30 µm; D, subterminal tyle, scale bar 30 µm; E, acanthoxea, scale bar 30 µm; F, spiny spirasters, scale bar 10 µm; G, smooth spiraster, scale bar 10 µm; H, spiny spirasters, scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286378/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
E). The widest spicule is not necessarily the longest. Width measured midway along the acanthoxeas but adjacent to any central swelling. Spines moderately visible in spirasters, but some thin spirasters appear smooth under a light microscope.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF862E1D09B0FA9CFE727C2D" blockId="15.[151,1437,329,1578]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Spirasters strongly helical with the number of bends typically 5 or 6 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF862E1D0AB8FA9CFB937F29" box="[975,1040,1301,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[177,1409,195,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[177,1409,195,1848]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pione gibraltarensis n. sp.. A, tylostyle, scale bar 100 µm; B, C, subtylote heads, scale bar 30 µm; D, subterminal tyle, scale bar 30 µm; E, acanthoxea, scale bar 30 µm; F, spiny spirasters, scale bar 10 µm; G, smooth spiraster, scale bar 10 µm; H, spiny spirasters, scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286378/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
F, G) but occasionally down to 1 or 2 and in one case with 7; no absolutely straight spirasters seen; a few spirasters appeared stretched out so that some of the turns were quite shallow; ends of spirasters rounded, not truncated. Spirasters of two
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2F4BEFF862E1D0DD7FAD7FB637F71" box="[1184,1248,1374,1398]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">types</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2F4BEFF862E1D0D9CFAD7FA987F71" box="[1259,1307,1374,1398]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
|
||
1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF862E1D0C37FAD4FA017F71" box="[1344,1410,1373,1398]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[177,1409,195,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[177,1409,195,1848]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pione gibraltarensis n. sp.. A, tylostyle, scale bar 100 µm; B, C, subtylote heads, scale bar 30 µm; D, subterminal tyle, scale bar 30 µm; E, acanthoxea, scale bar 30 µm; F, spiny spirasters, scale bar 10 µm; G, smooth spiraster, scale bar 10 µm; H, spiny spirasters, scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286378/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
F) thicker and spiny;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2F4BEFF862E1D0806FA0BFE227F9D" box="[369,417,1410,1434]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
|
||
2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF862E1D08BAFA08FD917F9D" box="[461,530,1409,1434]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[177,1409,195,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[177,1409,195,1848]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pione gibraltarensis n. sp.. A, tylostyle, scale bar 100 µm; B, C, subtylote heads, scale bar 30 µm; D, subterminal tyle, scale bar 30 µm; E, acanthoxea, scale bar 30 µm; F, spiny spirasters, scale bar 10 µm; G, smooth spiraster, scale bar 10 µm; H, spiny spirasters, scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286378/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
G) thinner and smooth. In addition in one SEM preparation there was a third category with incipient spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF862E1D088EFA2CFDB87FB9" box="[505,571,1445,1470]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[177,1409,195,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[177,1409,195,1848]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pione gibraltarensis n. sp.. A, tylostyle, scale bar 100 µm; B, C, subtylote heads, scale bar 30 µm; D, subterminal tyle, scale bar 30 µm; E, acanthoxea, scale bar 30 µm; F, spiny spirasters, scale bar 10 µm; G, smooth spiraster, scale bar 10 µm; H, spiny spirasters, scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286378/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
H on left). Counts were made to assess the relative abundance of the spicule
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C2F4BEFF862E1D09E0FA43FF557FE5" box="[151,214,1482,1506]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">types</typeStatus>
|
||
. Under the light microscope of 200 spirasters counted 20 or 10% appeared smooth. Under SEM of 427 spirasters counted 10 (2%) smooth and 8 (2%) with incipient spines. Smooth spirasters the same length as spiny spirasters but typically thinner.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF862E0309E0F9D3FEDF7870" blockId="15.[151,276,1626,1650]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,462,1423]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
KML 1018 KML 1019
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF982E0309B0FE47FEB87BE0" bold="true" box="[199,315,462,487]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
We assigned our specimens to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF982E030A71FE46FC497BE0" authority="Gray, 1867" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[774,970,462,487]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Pione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF982E030A71FE46FCC47BE1" box="[774,839,463,486]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pione</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF982E030A39FE46FC497BE0" author="Gray" box="[846,970,462,487]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Gray, J. E. (1867) Notes on the arrangement of sponges, with the descriptions of some new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867 (2), 492 - 558, pls. XXVII - XXVIII." type="journal article" year="1867">Gray, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the presence of acanthose oxeas coupled with tylostyles and microrhabdose spirasters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF982E030A74FE7BFC1D780C" author="Rutzler" box="[771,926,498,523]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Rutzler, K. (2002) Family Clionaidae D'Orbigny, 1851. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Soest, R. W. M van (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges, 173 - 185." type="book chapter" year="2002">Rützler 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The taxonomic status of various species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF982E0309E0FD9EFF5A7829" box="[151,217,535,558]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Pione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF982E0309E0FD9EFF5A7829" box="[151,217,535,558]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pione</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been subject to differing interpretations on degree of conspecificity, (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF982E030D34FD9EFB5E7828" author="Topsent" box="[1091,1245,535,559]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Topsent, E. (1900) Etude monographique des spongiaires de France. III: Monaxonida (Hadromerina). Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et generale, 38, 1 - 331." type="journal article" year="1900">Topsent 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF982E030D90FD9FFF517854" author="Rutzler" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Rutzler, K. & Stone, S. (1986) Discovery and significance of Albany Hancock's microscope preparations of excavating sponges (Porifera: Hadromerida: Clionidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 99 (4), 658 - 675." type="journal article" year="1986">Rützler & Stone 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF982E0309AAFDB3FE3F7854" author="Rosell" box="[221,444,570,595]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Rosell, D., & Uriz, M. J. (1997) Phylogenetic relationships within the excavating Hadromerida (Porifera), with a systematic revision. Cladistics, 13 (4), 349 - 366. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.1997. tb 00324. x" type="journal article" year="1997">Rosell & Uriz 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF982E0308BFFDB2FD867854" author="Rosell" box="[456,517,571,595]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Rosell, D. & Uriz, M. J. (2002) Excavating and endolithic sponge species (Porifera) from the Mediterranean: species descriptions and identification key. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution, 2, 55 - 86. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1078 / 1439 - 6092 - 00033" type="journal article" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Table 2 lists the described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF982E030ACEFDB5FC787854" box="[953,1019,572,595]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Pione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF982E030ACEFDB5FC787854" box="[953,1019,572,595]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pione</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with characterization of spicule size, form and surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF862E1D09E8F904FC977D4F" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<table id="F979B8BCFF86D1ED09E8F904FB187D4F" box="[159,1179,1677,1864]" gridcols="3" gridrows="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowsContinueIn="17.[159,1241,204,391]">
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF86D1ED09E8F904FB187CA4" box="[159,1179,1677,1699]" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF86D1ED09E8F904FEC97CA4" box="[159,330,1677,1699]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Spicule Type</th>
|
||
<th id="76982122FF86D1ED089CF904FCAD7CA4" box="[491,814,1677,1699]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. Length</th>
|
||
<th id="76982122FF86D1ED0D65F904FB187CA4" box="[1042,1179,1677,1699]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Width</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF86D1ED09E8F93FFB187CCB" box="[159,1179,1718,1740]" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF86D1ED09E8F93FFEC97CCB" box="[159,330,1718,1740]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tylostyle</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF86D1ED089CF93FFCAD7CCB" box="[491,814,1718,1740]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">5A–D 173–(215)–288</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF86D1ED0D65F93FFB187CCB" box="[1042,1179,1718,1740]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2.5–(4.4)–6.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF86D1ED09E8F969FB187CF1" box="[159,1179,1760,1782]" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF86D1ED09E8F969FEC97CF1" box="[159,330,1760,1782]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Acanthoxea</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF86D1ED089CF969FCAD7CF1" box="[491,814,1760,1782]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">5E 54–(84)–110</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF86D1ED0D65F969FB187CF1" box="[1042,1179,1760,1782]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2.5–(4.4)–6.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF86D1ED09E8F880FB187D18" box="[159,1179,1801,1823]" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF86D1ED09E8F880FEC97D18" box="[159,330,1801,1823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Spiny spiraster</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF86D1ED089CF880FCAD7D18" box="[491,814,1801,1823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">5F 7.4–(22.3)–36.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF86D1ED09E8F8BBFB187D4F" box="[159,1179,1842,1864]" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF86D1ED09E8F8BBFEC97D4F" box="[159,330,1842,1864]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Smooth spiraster</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF86D1ED089CF8BBFCAD7D4F" box="[491,814,1842,1864]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">5G 13.5–(15)–18</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF061A94FF992E0209E0F8D8FD8B7DA3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286378/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[177,1409,195,1848]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF992E0209E0F8D8FD8B7DA3" blockId="16.[151,1436,1873,1956]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF992E0209E0F8D8FE917D60" bold="true" box="[151,274,1873,1895]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF992E02086EF8DBFE647D60" box="[281,487,1873,1895]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Pione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gibraltarensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF992E02086EF8DBFE647D60" box="[281,487,1873,1895]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pione gibraltarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23E2B75FF992E020899F8D8FDA47D60" box="[494,551,1873,1895]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF992E020899F8D8FDA47D60" bold="true" box="[494,551,1873,1895]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. A, tylostyle, scale bar 100 µm; B, C, subtylote heads, scale bar 30 µm; D, subterminal tyle, scale bar 30 µm; E, acanthoxea, scale bar 30 µm; F, spiny spirasters, scale bar 10 µm; G, smooth spiraster, scale bar 10 µm; H, spiny spirasters, scale bar 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF982E0309E8FF45FB5A7B80" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<table id="F979B8BCFF98D1ED09E8FF45FB5A7B80" box="[159,1241,204,391]" gridcols="3" gridrows="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rowsContinueFrom="15.[159,1179,1677,1864]">
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF98D1ED09E8FF45FB5A7AE5" box="[159,1241,204,226]" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF98D1ED09E8FF45FEC97AE5" box="[159,330,204,226]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Spicule Type</th>
|
||
<th id="76982122FF98D1ED089CFF45FCEF7AE5" box="[491,876,204,226]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. Length</th>
|
||
<th id="76982122FF98D1ED0D67FF45FB5A7AE5" box="[1040,1241,204,226]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Width</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF98D1ED09E8FF7CFB5A7B0C" box="[159,1241,245,267]" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF98D1ED09E8FF7CFEC97B0C" box="[159,330,245,267]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Tylostyle</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF98D1ED089CFF7CFCEF7B0C" box="[491,876,245,267]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">144–(214)–260 N=60</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF98D1ED0D67FF7CFB5A7B0C" box="[1040,1241,245,267]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">4.5–(6.1)–9.4 N=60</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF98D1ED09E8FE97FB5A7B33" box="[159,1241,286,308]" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF98D1ED09E8FE97FEC97B33" box="[159,330,286,308]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Acanthoxea</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF98D1ED089CFE97FCEF7B33" box="[491,876,286,308]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">74–(88)–136 N=60</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF98D1ED0D67FE97FB5A7B33" box="[1040,1241,286,308]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3.4–(4.5)–5.5 N=60</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF98D1ED09E8FEC1FB5A7B59" box="[159,1241,328,350]" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF98D1ED09E8FEC1FEC97B59" box="[159,330,328,350]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Spiny spiraster</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF98D1ED089CFEC1FCEF7B59" box="[491,876,328,350]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">5H right 9.9–(17.7)–37.2 N=60</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF98D1ED0D67FEC1FB5A7B59" box="[1040,1241,328,350]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">2.0–(2.5)–3.0 N=60</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3549485EFF98D1ED09E8FEF8FB5A7B80" box="[159,1241,369,391]" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="76982122FF98D1ED09E8FEF8FEC97B80" box="[159,330,369,391]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Smooth spiraster</th>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF98D1ED089CFEF8FCEF7B80" box="[491,876,369,391]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">5H left 13 N=1</td>
|
||
<td id="76982122FF98D1ED0D67FEF8FB5A7B80" box="[1040,1241,369,391]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">2.7–(5.3)–9.9 N=60</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF982E0309B0FD0AFC147974" blockId="17.[151,1436,462,1423]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Two features that set our material (KML 1018, 1019) apart from other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF982E030DF2FD0DFB45789C" box="[1157,1222,644,667]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Pione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF982E030DF2FD0DFB45789C" box="[1157,1222,644,667]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pione</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the maximum length of the spirasters (29 µm, 37 µm) and the maximum number of turns (6 & 7). Only three species have spirasters at least 20 um in length
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF982E030B6CFD43FDC678E4" box="[539,581,714,739]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">and</emphasis>
|
||
with maxima of 5–6 turns. One of these,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF982E030D57FD45FA8578E4" authority="Old, 1941" authorityName="Old" authorityYear="1941" box="[1056,1286,714,739]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Pione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spirilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF982E030D57FD45FB0E78E4" box="[1056,1165,714,739]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. spirilla</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF982E030DE2FD43FA8578E4" author="Old" box="[1173,1286,714,739]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Old, M. (1941) The taxonomy and distribution of the boring sponges (Clionidae) along the Atlantic coast of North America. Publications of the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, 44, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1941">Old, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, differs from our specimens in having acanthoxea about 70% longer than in our specimens (170 µm vs. 93 & 110 µm). The other two have been identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF982E0308AEFC9DFDD5792C" box="[473,598,787,811]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Pione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vastifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF982E0308AEFC9DFDD5792C" box="[473,598,787,811]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. vastifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF982E030BF4FC9AFCBA792C" author="Hartman" box="[643,825,786,811]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Hartman, W. D. (1958) Natural history of the marine sponges of southern New England. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, 2, 155 pp, 12 pls." type="book" year="1958">Hartman (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF982E030A04FC9BFC77792C" author="Old" box="[883,1012,786,811]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Old, M. (1941) The taxonomy and distribution of the boring sponges (Clionidae) along the Atlantic coast of North America. Publications of the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, 44, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1941">Old (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. They differ from our material in the shorter lengths of their spirasters. However, they also differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF982E030A06FCBEFC687948" box="[881,1003,823,847]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Pione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vastifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF982E030A06FCBEFC687948" box="[881,1003,823,847]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. vastifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu strictu which has spirasters with 0–4 turns and up to 12 µm long (see p. 181,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF982E030BFFFCD3FD5B7974" box="[648,728,858,883]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1948,1970]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,794,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,794,1927]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 12. Sphaerotylus raphidophora n. sp. A, whole specimen preserved in alcohol, scale bar 1 cm; B, section showing tracts of megascleres radiating out to ectosome with protruding exotyles, scale bar 2 mm; C, exotyles showing expanded and stylote end, scale bar 100 µm; D, detail of expanded end, scale bar 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286385/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF982E030BCBFCD2FD5B7974" box="[700,728,859,883]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="12.0">12</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF982E030B8BFCD3FC0C7974" author="Rutzler" box="[764,911,858,883]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Rutzler, K. (2002) Family Clionaidae D'Orbigny, 1851. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Soest, R. W. M van (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges, 173 - 185." type="book chapter" year="2002">Rützler 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF982E0309B0FCF7FEBA7E20" blockId="17.[151,1436,462,1423]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
These taxa and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF982E030800FCF6FCD07990" authority="Topsent, 1932" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1932" box="[375,851,894,919]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Pione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="margaritifera" subSpecies="johannae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF982E030800FCF6FD197990" box="[375,666,894,919]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. margaritifera johannae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF982E030BDEFCF6FCC97990" author="Topsent" box="[681,842,895,919]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Topsent, E. (1932) Notes sur des clionides. Archives de Zoologie experimentale et generale, 74 (28), 549 - 579." type="journal article" year="1932">Topsent, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF982E030A91FCF6FBA47991" box="[998,1063,895,918]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Pione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF982E030A91FCF6FBA47991" box="[998,1063,895,918]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pione</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. described as having smooth spirasters as in our material. In the BC specimens smooth spirasters occur in small numbers, are thinner than the axial cylinder of the spined spirasters, and some have incipient spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13425699FF982E030AC5FC4FFC7079D8" box="[946,1011,966,991]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[177,1409,195,1848]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[177,1409,195,1848]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pione gibraltarensis n. sp.. A, tylostyle, scale bar 100 µm; B, C, subtylote heads, scale bar 30 µm; D, subterminal tyle, scale bar 30 µm; E, acanthoxea, scale bar 30 µm; F, spiny spirasters, scale bar 10 µm; G, smooth spiraster, scale bar 10 µm; H, spiny spirasters, scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286378/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
H on left) and likely would be seen as “smooth” under a light microscope. These features taken together do not preclude that the smooth spirasters may be growth stages.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF982E0309B0FBBBFABA7EF8" blockId="17.[151,1436,462,1423]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF982E0309B0FBBBFEDC7E4C" bold="true" box="[199,351,1074,1099]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Conclusions.</emphasis>
|
||
KML 1018 and KML 1019 do not exactly fit the descriptions for any species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF982E030D97FBBDFAAA7E4C" box="[1248,1321,1076,1099]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF982E030D97FBBDFAA67E4C" box="[1248,1317,1076,1099]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Pione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Pione</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
However, the size and turns of the spirasters are only marginally greater than described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF982E030D16FBDFFB627E68" author="Old" box="[1121,1249,1110,1135]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Old, M. (1941) The taxonomy and distribution of the boring sponges (Clionidae) along the Atlantic coast of North America. Publications of the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, 44, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1941">Old (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for material he identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF982E03085EFBF5FE277E94" box="[297,420,1147,1171]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Pione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vastifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF982E03085EFBF5FE277E94" box="[297,420,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. vastifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This material should be re-evaluated. We cannot exclude the possibility that the spiraster greater length and number of turns are ecophenotypic responses to the high silica content of the water in BC as discussed under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF982E03082DFB4AFE457EDC" box="[346,454,1218,1243]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF982E03082DFB4AFE457EDC" box="[346,454,1218,1243]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, until demonstrated otherwise, we will assume that these differences are genetic and are sufficient to warrant errecting a new species. We propose the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF982E030D4CFB6EFB707EF8" box="[1083,1267,1254,1279]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Pione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gibraltarensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF982E030D4CFB6EFB707EF8" box="[1083,1267,1254,1279]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. gibraltarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23E2B75FF982E030D8DFB6FFABA7EF8" box="[1274,1337,1254,1279]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF982E030D8DFB6FFABA7EF8" bold="true" box="[1274,1337,1254,1279]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">n. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF982E0309B0FA83FD327F24" blockId="17.[151,1436,462,1423]" box="[199,689,1290,1315]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF982E0309B0FA83FE2D7F24" bold="true" box="[199,430,1290,1315]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bathymetric range.</emphasis>
|
||
High to mid intertidal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF982E0309B0FAA7FBC87F88" blockId="17.[151,1436,462,1423]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF982E0309B0FAA7FE6D7F40" bold="true" box="[199,494,1326,1351]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Barkley Sound and Pendrell Sound (BC,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E0A8CFF982E030AC9FAA7FB947F40" box="[958,1047,1326,1351]" name="Canada" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
). The Japanese oyster,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF982E030C62FAA6FE2F7F6C" authority="Thunberg, 1793" authorityName="Thunberg" authorityYear="1793" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Crassostrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gigas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF982E030C62FAA6FF577F6C" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Crassostrea gigas</emphasis>
|
||
(Thunberg, 1793)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been repeatedly imported into Pendrell Sound as a source for seed oysters for commercial oyster farms in BC.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF982E030B73FAFEFD3F7F88" box="[516,700,1398,1423]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Pione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gibraltarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF982E030B73FAFEFD3F7F88" box="[516,700,1398,1423]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. gibraltarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may well be an introduced species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |