treatments-xml/data/61/1A/99/611A990AFFD4FFB0FF01FB15FCE8FBF5.xml

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<mods:title id="5F810F89F56F64A201046B52EAC2EA1B">Foa yamba, a new species of cardinalfish (Percomorpha: Apogonidae: Apogonichthyini) from the tidal region of the Clarence River, Australia and redescriptions of the West Pacific Foa longimana and Foa hyalina</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="E90C281CFFD4FFB6FF01FB15FE1EFB0F" blockId="3.[151,498,1159,1219]" box="[151,498,1159,1186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">
<heading id="B2449F70FFD4FFB6FF01FB15FE1EFB0F" bold="true" box="[151,498,1159,1186]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD4FFB6FF01FB15FE1EFB0F" authority="Weber, 1909" authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,498,1159,1186]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Foa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longimana">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD4FFB6FF01FB15FE1EFB0F" bold="true" box="[151,498,1159,1186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD4FFB6FF01FB15FEBDFB0C" bold="true" box="[151,337,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Foa longimana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D2255EDFFD4FFB6FECFFB1AFE1EFB0F" author="Weber" box="[345,498,1160,1186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" refString="Weber, M. (1909) Diagnosen neuer Fische der Siboga-Expedition. Note IV. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 31, 143 - 169." type="journal article" year="1909">Weber, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<figureCitation id="71883499FFD4FFB6FF01FB38FF14FB6E" box="[151,248,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1177,1199]" captionTargetBox="[177,1409,212,1130]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1435,195,1155]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. The holotype of Foa longimana, 14.2 mm SL, 19 mm TL, ZMA 112.203. A. Holotype, preserved in ethanol, photograph by Z. Randall. B. Figure scanned from Weber’s Die Fische der Siboga-expedition (1913: 258, Figure 58, by M. Weber). The same figure is on p. 354, figure 83 of Weber &amp; de Beaufort (1929)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226418/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Figure 3</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A1A97B97FFD4FFB6FF01FB60FEB5FA82" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E90C281CFFD4FFB6FF01FB60FEB5FA82" blockId="3.[151,1436,1266,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD4FFB6FF01FB60FED2FAA6" bold="true" box="[151,318,1266,1291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">
<typeStatus id="360896BEFFD4FFB6FF01FB60FF3EFAA6" box="[151,210,1266,1291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
. 
<typeStatus id="360896BEFFD4FFB6FEDBFB60FE59FAA6" box="[333,437,1266,1291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="8FA2B0D9FFD4FFB6FE28FB61FE10FAA6" box="[446,508,1267,1291]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">ZMA</collectionCode>
112.203, 
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SL, 
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TL, 
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, Nusa Laut Is., Nahalia Bay, Siboga Sta. 238, pelagic.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="A1A97B97FFD4FFB0FF51FAA8FCE8FBF5" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" type="description">
<paragraph id="E90C281CFFD4FFB6FF51FAA8FE1EFA12" blockId="3.[151,1436,1266,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD4FFB6FF51FAA8FEBDFAFE" bold="true" box="[199,337,1338,1363]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Description</emphasis>
. For general body shape see 
<figureCitation id="71883499FFD4FFB6FD0DFAA8FD0CFAFE" box="[667,736,1338,1363]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1549,1571]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1435,193,1528]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Foa hyalina. A. Live, Madang, Papua New Guinea, by G. R. Allen. B. Positive radiograph of paratype of Apogon hyalina, USNM 171126, 33.7 mm SL, by S. Raredon. C. Enlarged section of the caudal skeleton showing five hypurals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226417/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
. Proportions as a percent of standard length: body depth 33.1; head length 38.7; eye diameter 10.6; snout length 6.3; bony interorbital width 7.0; upper jaw length 19.0; dorsal-fin spines broken; anal fin spines broken; caudal peduncle depth 18.3; caudal peduncle length 17.6; pectoral-fin rays broken; pelvic-fin rays broken.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E90C281CFFD4FFB6FF51FA58FCCCFA4E" blockId="3.[151,1436,1266,2011]" box="[199,800,1482,1507]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Dorsal fins VII‒I,9; anal fin II,8; pectoral-fin rays 14.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E90C281CFFD4FFB6FF51FA7CFE96F9E2" blockId="3.[151,1436,1266,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Pored lateral line scales 9; transverse scale rows above lateral line 2; transverse scale rows below lateral line ~6; median predorsal scales 4; circumpeduncular scale rows 12 as 5+2+5. Scales on body ctenoid; scales on cheek and opercle cycloid.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E90C281CFFD4FFB6FF51F9C9FF3DF93A" blockId="3.[151,1436,1266,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Upper arch with 2 rudiments and 1 raker, lower arch with 6 rakers and 3 rudiments as 2+1‒6+3, 7 rakers, 11 total.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E90C281CFFD4FFB6FF51F930FE6DF972" blockId="3.[151,1436,1266,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Villiform band of teeth on premaxilla and dentary; 1 row of fine teeth on vomer; 3‒4 fine teeth on palatine; none on other bones.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E90C281CFFD4FFB6FF51F978FBF9F876" blockId="3.[151,1436,1266,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD4FFB6FF51F978FE1DF8AE" bold="true" box="[199,497,1770,1795]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Preserved color pattern</emphasis>
. In 70% ethanol, no color patterns remain on head, body or fins. Scattered melanophores are present on the head and body of the 
<typeStatus id="360896BEFFD4FFB6FC86F89CFC9EF88A" box="[784,882,1806,1831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="71883499FFD4FFB6FC12F89CFC25F88A" box="[900,969,1806,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1549,1571]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1435,193,1528]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Foa hyalina. A. Live, Madang, Papua New Guinea, by G. R. Allen. B. Positive radiograph of paratype of Apogon hyalina, USNM 171126, 33.7 mm SL, by S. Raredon. C. Enlarged section of the caudal skeleton showing five hypurals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226417/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A). In 
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from 
<bibRefCitation id="8D2255EDFFD4FFB6FB2CF89CFAB7F88A" author="Weber" box="[1210,1371,1806,1831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" refString="Weber, M. (1909) Diagnosen neuer Fische der Siboga-Expedition. Note IV. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 31, 143 - 169." type="journal article" year="1909">Weber (1909)</bibRefCitation>
: “Die Farbe des Alcohol-Exempares is gelblich, überall mit feinen braunen Tüpfeln un Spritzchen. Earte Dorsal, Pektorale und grösster Teil der Ventrale dunkelbraun; die Basis, namentlich nach hinten zu, der 2. Dorsale und der Anale. Caudale hyalin.” Weber &amp; de 
<bibRefCitation id="8D2255EDFFD4FFB6FDD0F8E8FD10F83E" author="Beaufort" box="[582,764,1914,1939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="170" refString="Weber, M. &amp; de Beaufort, F. L. (1929) The fishes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. V. Anacanthini, Allotriognathi, Heterostomata, Berycomorphi, Percomorphi: families Kuhliidae, Apogonidae, Plesiopidae, Priacanthidae, Centropomidae. Vol. 5. Brill, E. J. Ltd., Leiden, i - xiv + 458 pp." type="book" year="1929">Beaufort (1929)</bibRefCitation>
translation of the original 
<collectingCountry id="91A4688CFFD4FFB6FBA6F8E9FB66F83E" box="[1072,1162,1915,1939]" name="Germany" pageId="3" pageNumber="170">German</collectingCountry>
description: “Colour of alcohol specimen yellowish, mottled all over with fine brown spots. First dorsal, hindermost part of second dorsal and anal, pectorals and greater part of ventral fins dark brown. Caudal hyaline.”
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E90C281CFFD3FFB1FF01FB0BFC50FB41" blockId="4.[151,1436,1177,1260]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD3FFB1FF01FB0BFEF9FB03" bold="true" box="[151,277,1177,1199]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
The holotype of 
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<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD3FFB1FE59FB08FD81FB02" box="[463,621,1177,1199]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">Foa longimana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 14.2 mm SL, 19 mm TL, ZMA 112.203. 
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD3FFB1FBA5FB0BFBA0FB03" bold="true" box="[1075,1100,1177,1198]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">A.</emphasis>
Holotype, preserved in ethanol, photograph by Z. Randall. 
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD3FFB1FE24FB2AFE25FB60" bold="true" box="[434,457,1208,1229]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">B.</emphasis>
Figure scanned from Weber’s Die Fische der Siboga-expedition (1913:258, Figure 58, by M. Weber). The same figure is on p.354, figure 83 of Weber &amp; de Beaufort (1929).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E90C281CFFD3FFB1FF51FA8BFAA9FA33" blockId="4.[151,1437,1305,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD3FFB1FF51FA8BFD67FA9F" bold="true" box="[199,651,1305,1330]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">
Status of 
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<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD3FFB1FEAFFA88FE02FA9F" bold="true" box="[313,494,1305,1330]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">Foa longimana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D2255EDFFD3FFB1FE60FA8BFD67FA9F" author="Weber" box="[502,651,1305,1330]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" refString="Weber, M. (1909) Diagnosen neuer Fische der Siboga-Expedition. Note IV. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 31, 143 - 169." type="journal article" year="1909">Weber, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. There are only three literature records of 
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<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD3FFB1FBE0FA88FAC8FA9C" box="[1142,1316,1305,1329]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">Foa longimana</emphasis>
: Weber
</taxonomicName>
in 1909, Weber in 1913 and lastly Weber &amp; de 
<bibRefCitation id="8D2255EDFFD3FFB1FD06FAAFFCD9FAFB" author="Beaufort" box="[656,821,1341,1366]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" refString="Weber, M. &amp; de Beaufort, F. L. (1929) The fishes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. V. Anacanthini, Allotriognathi, Heterostomata, Berycomorphi, Percomorphi: families Kuhliidae, Apogonidae, Plesiopidae, Priacanthidae, Centropomidae. Vol. 5. Brill, E. J. Ltd., Leiden, i - xiv + 458 pp." type="book" year="1929">Beaufort 1929</bibRefCitation>
, where the original 
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description was translated into English. Eschmeyer (2014) has no new entries under 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD3FFB1FCA4FAF0FC0CFAD4" box="[818,992,1377,1401]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Foa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longimana">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD3FFB1FCA4FAF0FC0CFAD4" box="[818,992,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">Foa longimana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or under any other cardinalfish genus. There are no listings in the available online collections. What could be the reasons for the lack of material?
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E90C281CFFD3FFB1FF51FA3BFDA3F83B" blockId="4.[151,1437,1305,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">
<bibRefCitation id="8D2255EDFFD3FFB1FF51FA3BFE88FA6F" author="Weber" box="[199,356,1449,1474]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" refString="Weber, M. (1909) Diagnosen neuer Fische der Siboga-Expedition. Note IV. Notes from the Leyden Museum, 31, 143 - 169." type="journal article" year="1909">Weber (1909)</bibRefCitation>
described 
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<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD3FFB1FE73FA38FD79FA6C" box="[485,661,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">Foa longimana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from one specimen, 
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SL (
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TL) taken in the water column (pelagic sample), (station 
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the Siboga text, 
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the table, p.621) at Nalahia, Nusa Laut, 
<collectingCountry id="91A4688CFFD3FFB1FABEFA5FFA75FA4B" box="[1320,1433,1485,1510]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. He figured this specimen (here as 
<figureCitation id="71883499FFD3FFB1FD84FA63FDB8F9A7" box="[530,596,1521,1546]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1549,1571]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,193,1500]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1435,193,1528]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Foa hyalina. A. Live, Madang, Papua New Guinea, by G. R. Allen. B. Positive radiograph of paratype of Apogon hyalina, USNM 171126, 33.7 mm SL, by S. Raredon. C. Enlarged section of the caudal skeleton showing five hypurals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/226417/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B) in the results of the Siboga Expedition (1913, figure 58; also in Weber &amp; de Beaufort). This is a young specimen, perhaps about to settle out of the plankton. Both 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD3FFB1FB16F984FB41F980" box="[1152,1197,1558,1581]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Foa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD3FFB1FB16F984FB41F980" box="[1152,1197,1558,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">Foa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD3FFB1FB72F987FAA7F980" box="[1252,1355,1557,1581]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Fowleria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD3FFB1FB72F987FAA7F980" box="[1252,1355,1557,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">Fowleria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="8D2255EDFFD3FFB1FAC7F987FE89F9FF" author="Jordan" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" refString="Jordan, D. S. &amp; Evermann, B. W. (1903) Descriptions of new genera and species of fishes from the Hawaiian Islands. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, 22, 161 - 208. [1902]" type="journal article" year="1903">
<collectingCountry id="91A4688CFFD3FFB1FAC7F987FA70F983" box="[1361,1436,1557,1582]" name="Jordan" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">Jordan</collectingCountry>
&amp; Evermann 1903
</bibRefCitation>
have larva with long pectoral fins and the fish flap like butterflies in the water column according to J. Leis (personal communication). The 
<typeStatus id="360896BEFFD3FFB1FDE7F9CCFD4DF9DB" box="[625,673,1630,1654]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">type</typeStatus>
has a slender body depth at 33% of standard length taken from the specimen by me in 1972. Most species of 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD3FFB1FDEBF910FD46F934" box="[637,682,1666,1689]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Foa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD3FFB1FDEBF910FD46F934" box="[637,682,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">Foa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have body depths of 37% or greater in standard length (
<bibRefCitation id="8D2255EDFFD3FFB1FAA3F910FE5CF913" author="Fraser" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" refString="Fraser, T. H. &amp; Randall. J. E. (2011) Two new species of Foa (Apogonidae) from the Pacific Plate, with redescriptions of Foa brachygramma and Foa fo. Zootaxa, 2988, 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2011">Fraser &amp; Randall, 2011; this paper</bibRefCitation>
) The pectoral fins are damaged but figure 58 suggests the length is about 30% of standard length where as the head length is 38.7% of standard length. Weber described the pectoral fin as “Pektorale fast so lang wie die Körperhöher.” “...almost as long as the head”. Most species of 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD3FFB1FB89F97CFBA0F8A8" box="[1055,1100,1774,1797]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Foa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD3FFB1FB89F97CFBA0F8A8" box="[1055,1100,1774,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">Foa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have pectoral fin lengths of 21–26% of standard length (
<bibRefCitation id="8D2255EDFFD3FFB1FE43F880FCB3F887" author="Fraser" box="[469,863,1809,1834]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" refString="Fraser, T. H. &amp; Randall. J. E. (2011) Two new species of Foa (Apogonidae) from the Pacific Plate, with redescriptions of Foa brachygramma and Foa fo. Zootaxa, 2988, 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2011">Fraser &amp; Randall, 2011; this paper</bibRefCitation>
). Only the number of pored lateral line scales at 11 reported by Weber (my count was nine) and the presence of palatine teeth (3‒4 teeth) are in favor of 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD3FFB1FA93F8A4FADEF8E0" box="[1285,1330,1846,1869]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Foa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD3FFB1FA93F8A4FADEF8E0" box="[1285,1330,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">Foa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There is known variation in the number of pored lateral line scales with size for 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD3FFB1FC61F8C8FAB6F8DF" authority="Fraser &amp; Randall, 2011" authorityName="Fraser &amp; Randall" authorityYear="2011" box="[1015,1370,1881,1906]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Foa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD3FFB1FC61F8C8FBC8F8DC" box="[1015,1060,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">Foa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8D2255EDFFD3FFB1FBA1F8C8FABEF8DF" author="Fraser" box="[1079,1362,1881,1906]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" refString="Fraser, T. H. &amp; Randall. J. E. (2011) Two new species of Foa (Apogonidae) from the Pacific Plate, with redescriptions of Foa brachygramma and Foa fo. Zootaxa, 2988, 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2011">Fraser &amp; Randall, 2011</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. This 
<typeStatus id="360896BEFFD3FFB1FF01F8EFFF15F83B" box="[151,249,1917,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
cannot be certainly identified.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E90C281CFFD3FFB0FF51F833FE64FF79" blockId="4.[151,1437,1305,2014]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,1112]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">
Alternative I. It is a species of 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD3FFB1FDA6F830FDB1F814" box="[560,605,1954,1977]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Foa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD3FFB1FDA6F830FDB1F814" box="[560,605,1954,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="171">Foa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The reason for the differences in body depth is allometric growth after settling out of the plankton. I have no data to accept or reject this growth assertion (a likely change) and likely no way to identify the adult form because of poor color pattern information. Pectoral fin-ray counts for species of 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD2FFB0FAF9FF0BFA70FF1D" box="[1391,1436,153,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Foa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FAF9FF0BFA70FF1D" box="[1391,1436,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Foa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are usually 12 not 14.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E90C281CFFD2FFB0FF51FF4DFC58FE00" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
Alternative II. It is a species of 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD2FFB0FDBEFF72FCB9FF55" authority="Smith &amp; Radcliffe" authorityName="Smith &amp; Radcliffe" box="[552,853,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Neamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FDBEFF72FD6CFF5A" box="[552,640,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Neamia</emphasis>
Smith &amp; Radcliffe
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="8D2255EDFFD2FFB0FCEFFF4DFBCFFF55" author="Radcliffe" box="[889,1059,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" refString="Radcliffe, L. (1912) Descriptions of fifteen new fishes of the family Cheilodipteridae, from the Philippine Islands and contiguous waters. [Scientific results of the Philippine cruise of the Fisheries steamer &quot; Albatross, &quot; 1907 - 1910. -- No. 13.]. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 41 (1868), 431 - 446. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.41 - 1868.431" type="journal article" year="1912">Radcliffe 1912</bibRefCitation>
. Adult 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD2FFB0FBE3FF72FB21FF5A" box="[1141,1229,224,247]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Neamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FBE3FF72FB21FF5A" box="[1141,1229,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Neamia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have 22–24 pored lateral line scales, where as small specimens 
<quantity id="2E4B85F9FFD2FFB0FD36FE96FCF7FEB1" box="[672,795,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="17.0">17–20 mm</quantity>
SL have been reported with pored lateral line scales of 11–12 (
<bibRefCitation id="8D2255EDFFD2FFB0FF79FEBAFE1EFEED" author="Fraser" box="[239,498,295,320]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" refString="Fraser, T. H. &amp; Allen, G. R. (2006) A new species of Neamia (Perciformes: Apogonidae) from the West Pacific Ocean. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 63 (1), 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="2006">Fraser &amp; Allen, 2006</bibRefCitation>
). Known characteristics fit with 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD2FFB0FCE2FEBAFBD7FEED" box="[884,1083,296,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Neamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="articycla">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FCE2FEBAFBD7FEED" box="[884,1083,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Neamia articycla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
except for the typical ocellus present on the opercle of 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD2FFB0FE56FEDFFCA8FEC8" authority="Fraser &amp; Allen 2006" authorityName="Fraser &amp; Allen" authorityYear="2006" box="[448,836,332,357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Neamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="articycla">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FE56FEDFFDA4FEC9" box="[448,584,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">N. articycla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D2255EDFFD2FFB0FDC7FEDFFCA8FEC8" author="Fraser" box="[593,836,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" refString="Fraser, T. H. &amp; Allen, G. R. (2006) A new species of Neamia (Perciformes: Apogonidae) from the West Pacific Ocean. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 63 (1), 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="2006">Fraser &amp; Allen 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Weber’s species agrees in the proportions for body depth and pectoral-fin length, pectoral-fin ray count of 14 and cycloid scales on the cheek, VII first dorsal spines, pored lateral line scales, palatine teeth and number of pectoral fin-rays.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E90C281CFFD2FFB0FF51FE25FEBBFD05" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
Alternative III. It is a species of 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD2FFB0FDB8FE2AFC98FE7D" authority="Bleeker 1854" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1854" box="[558,884,439,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogonichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FDB8FE2AFD38FE7D" box="[558,724,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Apogonichthys</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D2255EDFFD2FFB0FD4DFE25FC98FE7D" author="Bleeker" box="[731,884,439,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" refString="Bleeker, P. (1854) Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van het eiland Floris. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie, 6, 311 - 338." type="journal article" year="1854">Bleeker 1854</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Palatine teeth are absent in species of this genus. Assume that small 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD2FFB0FEE5FE4FFDCEFE59" box="[371,546,476,500]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Foa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longimana">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FEE5FE4FFDCEFE59" box="[371,546,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Foa longimana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lose these four teeth with age/size. If so, some known characteristics fit with 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD2FFB0FF01FD92FDD5FDB5" authority="Bleeker 1854" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,569,511,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogonichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perdix">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FF01FD92FE63FDB5" box="[151,399,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Apogonichthys perdix</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D2255EDFFD2FFB0FE0AFE6DFDD5FDB5" author="Bleeker" box="[412,569,511,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" refString="Bleeker, P. (1854) Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van het eiland Floris. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie, 6, 311 - 338." type="journal article" year="1854">Bleeker 1854</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD2FFB0FDDCFD92FCBFFDB5" authority="Herre 1934" authorityName="Herre" authorityYear="1934" box="[586,851,512,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogonichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FDDCFD92FD2EFDB5" box="[586,706,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">A. landoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D2255EDFFD2FFB0FD59FD92FCBFFDB5" author="Herre" box="[719,851,512,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" refString="Herre, A. W. C. T. (1934) Notes on fishes in the Zoological Museum of Stanford University. 1. The fishes of the Herre Philippine expedition of 1931. The fishes of the Herre 1931 Philippine expedition with descriptions of 17 new species. Newspaper Enterprise Ltd., Hong Kong, 106 pp." type="book" year="1934">Herre 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD2FFB0FC14FD92FB55FDB5" authority="Weber 1913" authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1913" box="[898,1209,511,536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogonichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FC14FD92FBE7FDB5" box="[898,1035,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8D2255EDFFD2FFB0FB88FE6DFB5CFDB5" author="Weber" box="[1054,1200,511,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" refString="Weber, M. (1913) Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition. Brill, E. J. Leiden, i-xii + 710 pp." type="book" year="1913">Weber 1913</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The best fit as an 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD2FFB0FF01FDB6FED1FD91" box="[151,317,548,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogonichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FF01FDB6FED1FD91" box="[151,317,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Apogonichthys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is with 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD2FFB0FE0FFDB6FE12FD91" box="[409,510,548,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogonichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perdix">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FE0FFDB6FE12FD91" box="[409,510,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">A. perdix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, because 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD2FFB0FDF8FDB6FD1EFD91" box="[622,754,548,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogonichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FDF8FDB6FD1EFD91" box="[622,754,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">A. ocellatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a high pectoral fin-ray count of 17–18 and an ocellus in the first dorsal fin. 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD2FFB0FEF9FDDAFD88FDCD" box="[367,612,584,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogonichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perdix">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FEF9FDDAFD88FDCD" box="[367,612,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Apogonichthys perdix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a deeper body depth so allometric growth would have to occur. Both 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD2FFB0FF01FDFEFE91FD29" box="[151,381,620,644]" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogonichtys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perdix">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FF01FDFEFE91FD29" box="[151,381,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Apogonichtys perdix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD2FFB0FE25FDFEFDCBFD29" box="[435,551,620,644]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogonichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FE25FDFEFDCBFD29" box="[435,551,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">A. landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
agree in the cycloid scales on the cheek, VII first dorsal spines, and number of pectoral fin-rays.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E90C281CFFD2FFB0FF51FD26FD15FC95" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
Alternative IV. It is a species of 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD2FFB0FDB9FD26FD7AFD61" box="[559,662,692,716]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Fowleria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FDB9FD26FD7AFD61" box="[559,662,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Fowleria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Palatine teeth are absent in species of this genus. Assume that small 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD2FFB0FF01FD4BFEA9FD5D" box="[151,325,728,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Foa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longimana">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FF01FD4BFEA9FD5D" box="[151,325,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Foa longimana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lose these teeth with age/size. The best fit with species of 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD2FFB0FC67FD4AFBB4FD5D" box="[1009,1112,728,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Fowleria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FC67FD4AFBB4FD5D" box="[1009,1112,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Fowleria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is with 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD2FFB0FB2EFD4BFAC5FD5D" box="[1208,1321,728,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Fowleria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vaiulae">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FB2EFD4BFAC5FD5D" box="[1208,1321,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">F. vaiulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="8D2255EDFFD2FFB0FAA4FD45FEF9FCB8" author="Jordan" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" refString="Jordan, D. S. &amp; Seale, A. (1906) The fishes of Samoa. Description of the species found in the archipelago, with a provisional check-list of the fishes of Oceania. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, 25, 173 - 488. [1905]" type="journal article" year="1906">
<collectingCountry id="91A4688CFFD2FFB0FAA4FD45FA91FD5D" box="[1330,1405,727,752]" name="Jordan" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Jordan</collectingCountry>
&amp; Seale 1906
</bibRefCitation>
because it lacks an ocellus on the opercle. Some allometric growth would have to occur. It agrees in cycloid scales on the cheek and VII first dorsal spines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E90C281CFFD2FFB0FF51FCD6FCE8FBF5" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">
Weber’s 
<typeStatus id="360896BEFFD2FFB0FEBDFCD7FEB7FCF0" box="[299,347,837,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">type</typeStatus>
specimen exists (ZMA112.203), and his description meets the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to be a valid name. No additional specimens have been reported in the literature. Its true identity is a mystery. At present, it cannot meet the Code’s date requirement under Article 23.9 relating to the lack of use applied to an older name after 1899 as a 
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FC8FFC23FC2DFC65" box="[793,961,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">nomen oblitum</emphasis>
, that is, reversal of priority. A reasonable junior synonym cannot be identified, although the genus 
<taxonomicName id="2EB3539FFFD2FFB0FCAEFC47FC63FC41" box="[824,911,981,1004]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Neamia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FCAEFC47FC63FC41" box="[824,911,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">Neamia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the best morphological fit. The name is treated here as a 
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FEC2FC6BFE16FBBD" box="[340,506,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">nomen dubium</emphasis>
in the Apogonichthyini 
<bibRefCitation id="8D2255EDFFD2FFB0FC9BFC65FBC6FBBD" author="Snodgrass" box="[781,1066,1015,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" refString="Snodgrass, R. E. &amp; Heller, E. (1905) Papers from the Hopkins-Stanford Galapagos Expedition, 1898 - 1899. XVII. Shore fishes of the Revillagigedo, Clipperton, Cocos and Galapagos Islands. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Science, 6, 333 - 427. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 4070120" type="journal article" year="1905">
Snodgrass &amp; Heller 
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<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FBA4FC6AFBA4FBA2" box="[1074,1096,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D2255EDFFD2FFB0FBD9FC65FAD9FBBD" author="Mabuchi" box="[1103,1333,1015,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="172" refString="Mabuchi, K., Fraser, T. H., Song, H., Azuma, Y. &amp; Nishida, M. (2014) Revision of the systematics of the cardinalfishes (Percomorpha: Apogonidae) based on molecular analyses and comparative reevaluation of morphologic characters. Zootaxa, 3846 (2), 151 - 203. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3846.2.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Mabuchi 
<emphasis id="DBC7F40EFFD2FFB0FB2CFC6BFB06FBBD" box="[1210,1258,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="172">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
. Weber’s name remains available should better information emerge, such as raising specimens among the four alternatives from eggs or larvae that lead to a species identification.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>