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<document id="CD160B5C36481B244BA66EEDD8A253D6" ID-CLB-Dataset="293303" ID-DOI="10.1080/14772019.2021.1960911" ID-GBIF-Dataset="53749253-12aa-41cc-9eec-e28c0b075738" ID-ISSN="1478-0941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10949919" ID-ZooBank="F8991F09-B5FB-40EF-B4CC-474D925085B8" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1711484962835" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gale, Andrew Scott" docDate="2021" docId="B9207C419A69FFD80CB7FA9AFEC9FBC4" docLanguage="en" docName="JSystPalaeontol.19.10.691-741.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 19 (10)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2021.1960911" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6400638016C1F4AE0D0B6502E032D571.1:JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.closed" docStyleId="6400638016C1F4AE0D0B6502E032D571" docStyleName="JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.closed" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Testudinaster peregrinus Hess 1983" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="725" masterDocId="451904399A76FFFB0F0FFF8CFF93FF93" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and phylogeny of the ‘ football stars’ (Asteroidea, Sphaerasteridae)" masterLastPageNumber="741" masterPageNumber="691" pageNumber="721" updateTime="1712755325394" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="11817E12C7965E541587D3F72D435F25">Taxonomy and phylogeny of the ‘ football stars’ (Asteroidea, Sphaerasteridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F141F52AFF1E87FE19311238977E9842">Gale, Andrew Scott</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EDB56EC23DFFBFA7CFA85F0A9866C7C1">School of the Environment, Geography and Geological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO 1 3 QL UK; &amp; Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="B9207C419A69FFD80CB7FA9AFEC9FBC4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955117" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10955117" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B9207C419A69FFD80CB7FA9AFEC9FBC4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B9207C419A69FFD80CB7FA9AFEC9FBC4" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="725" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">
<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A69FFE40CB7FA9AFB5EFAC3" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3136CD579A69FFE40CB7FA9AFADDFABE" blockId="31.[952,1358,1302,1360]" box="[952,1358,1302,1325]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">
<heading id="6A7E7A3B9A69FFE40CB7FA9AFADDFABE" box="[952,1358,1302,1325]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" reason="8">
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A69FFE40CB7FA9AFADDFABE" ID-CoL="8LTKY" authority="Hess, 1983" authorityName="Hess" authorityYear="1983" box="[952,1358,1302,1325]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Testudinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="peregrinus">
<emphasis id="03FD11459A69FFE40CB7FA9AFB5DFABE" bold="true" box="[952,1230,1302,1325]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">Testudinaster peregrinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5518B0A69A69FFE40BD9FA9AFADDFABE" author="Hess, H." box="[1238,1358,1302,1325]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" pagination="919 - 925" refId="ref28351" refString="Hess, H. 1983. Eine neuer Seestern (Testudinaster peregrinus n. g. n. sp.) aus dem mittleren Dogger des Aargauer Juras. Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae, 76, 919 - 925." type="journal article" year="1983">Hess, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3136CD579A69FFE40B35FAB5FB5EFAC3" blockId="31.[952,1358,1302,1360]" box="[1082,1229,1336,1360]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">
(
<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A69FFE40B4CFAB5FB57FAC3" box="[1091,1220,1336,1360]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="37.[159,226,1797,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-1@36.[159,1466,188,1920]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 21. Testudinaster peregrinus Hess, 1983. A, holotype, abactinal view, upper Hauptrogenstein (upper Bajocian), Schinznach, Switzerland (NMB M 9689); B, interpretative drawing, colours as in Figure 1; C, actinal view of another specimen, upper Hauptrogenstein (upper Bajocian), Auenstein, Canton of Aargau, Switzerland (NMB M 9923). Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955097/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">Fig. 21A–C</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A69FFE40C45FAFDFA23FA43" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" type="description">
<paragraph id="3136CD579A69FFE40C45FAFDFC42FA23" blockId="31.[842,1467,1393,1488]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">
$1983
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A69FFE40CAAFAF5FA81FA03" authority="Hess" authorityName="Hess" authorityYear="1983" box="[933,1298,1401,1424]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Testudinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="peregrinus">
<emphasis id="03FD11459A69FFE40CAAFAF5FB51FA03" box="[933,1218,1401,1424]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">Testudinaster peregrinus</emphasis>
Hess
</taxonomicName>
: 921, pl. 1, figs 1–3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3136CD579A69FFE40C45FA35FA23FA43" blockId="31.[842,1467,1393,1488]" box="[842,1456,1465,1488]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">
1994
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A69FFE40C88FA35FB5FFA43" authority="Hess" authorityName="Hess" authorityYear="1983" box="[903,1228,1465,1488]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Testudinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="peregrinus">
<emphasis id="03FD11459A69FFE40C88FA35FB1EFA43" box="[903,1165,1465,1488]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">Testudinaster peregrinus</emphasis>
Hess
</taxonomicName>
; Hess: 988, figs 1, 2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A69FFDB0C42FA65FF4AF8FE" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="722" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3136CD579A69FFE40C42FA65FC65F9F3" blockId="31.[845,1467,1513,1633]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">
<emphasis id="03FD11459A69FFE40C42FA65FC1EF993" bold="true" box="[845,909,1513,1536]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">Type.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="81E1C70A9A69FFE40C91FA65FC61F9F3" collectionCode="NMB" location="northern Swiss" municipality="Schinznach" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" specimenCode="M 9689" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jura" typeStatus="holotype">
The
<typeStatus id="EE3273F59A69FFE40CD5FA65FBA4F993" box="[986,1079,1513,1536]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A69FFE40B5EFA65FB76F993" box="[1105,1253,1513,1536]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="37.[159,226,1797,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-1@36.[159,1466,188,1920]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 21. Testudinaster peregrinus Hess, 1983. A, holotype, abactinal view, upper Hauptrogenstein (upper Bajocian), Schinznach, Switzerland (NMB M 9689); B, interpretative drawing, colours as in Figure 1; C, actinal view of another specimen, upper Hauptrogenstein (upper Bajocian), Auenstein, Canton of Aargau, Switzerland (NMB M 9923). Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955097/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">Fig. 21A, B</figureCitation>
;
<collectionCode id="579855929A69FFE40BF1FA65FAA8F993" box="[1278,1339,1513,1536]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8wbz-jkc3" name="Naturhistorishes Museum" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">NMB</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="612F652C9A69FFE40A43FA65FA3CF993" box="[1356,1455,1513,1536]" collectionCode="NMB" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8wbz-jkc3" name="Naturhistorishes Museum" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">M 9689</specimenCode>
), showing a partial abactinal surface, is from
<collectingMunicipality id="D152572D9A69FFE40A36F985FA24F9B3" box="[1337,1463,1545,1568]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">Schinznach</collectingMunicipality>
, in the
<location id="34569B8C9A69FFE40C96F9A5FBADF9D3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B9207C419A69FFD80CB7FA9AFEC9FBC4:34569B8C9A69FFE40C96F9A5FBADF9D3" box="[921,1086,1577,1600]" municipality="Schinznach" name="northern Swiss" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" stateProvince="Jura">northern Swiss</location>
<collectingRegion id="F34D03B59A69FFE40B45F9A5FBE5F9D3" box="[1098,1142,1577,1600]" country="Switzerland" name="Jura" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">Jura</collectingRegion>
(the original of
<bibRefCitation id="5518B0A69A69FFE40A37F9A5FA20F9D3" author="Hess, H." box="[1336,1459,1577,1600]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" pagination="919 - 925" refId="ref28351" refString="Hess, H. 1983. Eine neuer Seestern (Testudinaster peregrinus n. g. n. sp.) aus dem mittleren Dogger des Aargauer Juras. Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae, 76, 919 - 925." type="journal article" year="1983">Hess, 1983</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 1, figs 1–3)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="65F69DDF9A69FFE40F90F928FAFEF8CA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955091" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10955091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955091/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" startId="31.[159,226,1700,1721]" targetBox="[159,1467,188,1921]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="3136CD579A69FFE40F90F928FAFEF8CA" blockId="31.[159,1467,1700,1882]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">
<emphasis id="03FD11459A69FFE40F90F928FE98F92A" bold="true" box="[159,267,1700,1721]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">Figure 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A69FFE40E19F928FDB4F92A" authority="Gale, 2021" authorityName="Gale" authorityYear="2021" box="[278,551,1700,1721]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Eosphaeraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="amellagensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="03FD11459A69FFE40E19F928FDB4F92A" box="[278,551,1700,1721]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">Eosphaeraster amellagensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="18CEAC3E9A69FFE40D3EF928FD42F92A" box="[561,721,1700,1721]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, abactinal ossicles.
<emphasis id="03FD11459A69FFE40C97F928FC42F92A" bold="true" box="[920,977,1700,1721]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">A, D,</emphasis>
primary radials,
<typeStatus id="EE3273F59A69FFE40B8FF928FB48F92A" box="[1152,1243,1700,1721]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="579855929A69FFE40BE3F928FADBF92A" box="[1260,1352,1700,1721]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
EE 17654, 17656).
<emphasis id="03FD11459A69FFE40FFDF933FE9BF947" bold="true" box="[242,264,1727,1748]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">B,</emphasis>
primary interradial;
<typeStatus id="EE3273F59A69FFE40ED7F933FDB8F947" box="[472,555,1727,1748]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="579855929A69FFE40D33F933FD0BF947" box="[572,664,1727,1748]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
EE 17657),
<emphasis id="03FD11459A69FFE40C13F933FCA0F947" bold="true" box="[796,819,1727,1748]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">C,</emphasis>
interradial,
<typeStatus id="EE3273F59A69FFE40CA1F933FB93F947" box="[942,1024,1727,1748]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="579855929A69FFE40B00F933FBF8F947" box="[1039,1131,1727,1748]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
EE 17660).
<emphasis id="03FD11459A69FFE40BE0F933FA96F947" bold="true" box="[1263,1285,1727,1748]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">E,</emphasis>
abactinal plate of uncertain position (
<collectionCode id="579855929A69FFE40E69F956FE51F97C" box="[358,450,1754,1775]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
EE 17663).
<emphasis id="03FD11459A69FFE40D5DF956FDF2F97C" bold="true" box="[594,609,1754,1775]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">I,</emphasis>
centrale,
<typeStatus id="EE3273F59A69FFE40DC1F956FCB3F97C" box="[718,800,1754,1775]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="579855929A69FFE40C3BF956FC03F97C" box="[820,912,1754,1775]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
EE 17659).
<emphasis id="03FD11459A69FFE40B2FF956FBC0F97C" bold="true" box="[1056,1107,1753,1775]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">F–H,</emphasis>
plates in lateral aspect,
<typeStatus id="EE3273F59A69FFE40A50F956FA29F97C" box="[1375,1466,1754,1775]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="579855929A69FFE40FAAF978FE92F89A" box="[165,257,1780,1801]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
EE 17665, 17666, 17667).
<emphasis id="03FD11459A69FFE40D3FF978FDD1F89A" bold="true" box="[560,578,1780,1801]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">J,</emphasis>
abactinal plate of uncertain position,
<typeStatus id="EE3273F59A69FFE40CD7F978FBB9F89A" box="[984,1066,1780,1801]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="579855929A69FFE40B31F978FB09F89A" box="[1086,1178,1780,1801]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
EE 17664).
<emphasis id="03FD11459A69FFE40A25F978FAF5F89A" bold="true" box="[1322,1382,1780,1801]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">K, L,</emphasis>
median interradial plates (I-plates) from actinal surface,
<typeStatus id="EE3273F59A69FFE40D71F883FD4AF8B7" box="[638,729,1807,1828]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="579855929A69FFE40DE6F883FCD6F8B7" box="[745,837,1807,1828]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
EE 17661, 17662).
<emphasis id="03FD11459A69FFE40B1DF883FBBCF8B7" bold="true" box="[1042,1071,1807,1828]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">M,</emphasis>
primary interradial,
<typeStatus id="EE3273F59A69FFE40BF2F883FADCF8B7" box="[1277,1359,1807,1828]" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="579855929A69FFE40A50F883FA28F8B7" box="[1375,1467,1807,1828]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
EE 17658). The internal process is arrowed. Provenance: all ossicles are from the upper Pliensbachian at an outcrop on south side of wadi immediately to west of road, 0.5 km south of the Kasbah of Amellago, Atlas Mountains,
<collectingCountry id="499E8DC79A69FFE40B32F8C8FB05F8CA" box="[1085,1174,1860,1881]" name="Morocco" pageId="31" pageNumber="721">Morocco</collectingCountry>
. Scale bars =
<quantity id="F67160B29A69FFE40A29F8C8FAFAF8CA" box="[1318,1385,1860,1881]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="721" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="65F69DDF9A56FFDB0F90FA61FDD0F9FE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10949943" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10949943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10949943/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="722" startId="32.[159,226,1517,1538]" targetBox="[159,1467,188,1496]" targetPageId="32" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="3136CD579A56FFDB0F90FA61FDD0F9FE" blockId="32.[159,1467,1516,1645]" pageId="32" pageNumber="722">
<emphasis id="03FD11459A56FFDB0F90FA61FED5F991" bold="true" box="[159,326,1516,1538]" pageId="32" pageNumber="722">Figure 18. A–F,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A56FFDB0E5FFA61FDCCF991" authority="Gale, 2021" authorityName="Gale" authorityYear="2021" box="[336,607,1517,1538]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Eosphaeraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="722" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="amellagensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="03FD11459A56FFDB0E5FFA61FDCCF991" box="[336,607,1517,1538]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="722">Eosphaeraster amellagensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="18CEAC3E9A56FFDB0D67FA61FC96F991" box="[616,773,1517,1538]" pageId="32" pageNumber="722" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, large abactinal ossicles;
<emphasis id="03FD11459A56FFDB0B0DFA61FBCBF991" bold="true" box="[1026,1112,1517,1538]" pageId="32" pageNumber="722">A, B, D,</emphasis>
ossicle in external and lateral view and enlargement of surface, respectively, paratype (NHMUK EE 17668);
<emphasis id="03FD11459A56FFDB0C86F984FC72F98E" bold="true" box="[905,993,1544,1565]" pageId="32" pageNumber="722">C, E, F,</emphasis>
abactinal ossicle with strongly marked growth increments, in external (
<emphasis id="03FD11459A56FFDB0E97F9AEFE34F9A4" bold="true" box="[408,423,1570,1591]" pageId="32" pageNumber="722">F</emphasis>
), internal (
<emphasis id="03FD11459A56FFDB0D11F9AEFDBDF9A4" bold="true" box="[542,558,1570,1591]" pageId="32" pageNumber="722">E</emphasis>
) and lateral (
<emphasis id="03FD11459A56FFDB0DCFF9AEFD42F9A4" bold="true" box="[704,721,1570,1591]" pageId="32" pageNumber="722">C</emphasis>
) views, paratype (NHMUK EE 17669). Provenance: all from the upper Pliensbachian at outcrop on south side of wadi immediately to west of road, 0.5 km south of the Kasbah of Amellago, Atlas Mountains, Morocco. Scale bars = 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3136CD579A56FFDB0F90F938FF4AF8FE" blockId="32.[159,781,1716,1901]" pageId="32" pageNumber="722">
<emphasis id="03FD11459A56FFDB0F90F938FE9AF958" bold="true" box="[159,265,1716,1739]" pageId="32" pageNumber="722">Material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="81E1C70A9A56FFDB0E15F938FF47F8FE" collectionCode="NMB" country="Switzerland" county="upper Bajocian" location="Two" municipality="upper Hauptrogenstein" pageId="32" pageNumber="722" specimenCode="M 9923" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Aargau">
<specimenCount id="278F06DE9A56FFDB0E15F938FE4BF958" box="[282,472,1716,1739]" count="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="722" type="generic">Three specimens</specimenCount>
from the
<collectingCounty id="D857B5DB9A56FFDB0D6FF938FC9EF958" box="[608,781,1716,1739]" pageId="32" pageNumber="722">upper Bajocian</collectingCounty>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="D152572D9A56FFDB0FA9F958FE27F978" box="[166,436,1748,1771]" pageId="32" pageNumber="722">upper Hauptrogenstein</collectingMunicipality>
),
<collectingCountry id="499E8DC79A56FFDB0ED6F958FDCFF978" box="[473,604,1748,1771]" name="Switzerland" pageId="32" pageNumber="722">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
.
<location id="34569B8C9A56FFDB0D76F958FD39F978" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B9207C419A69FFD80CB7FA9AFEC9FBC4:34569B8C9A56FFDB0D76F958FD39F978" box="[633,682,1748,1771]" country="Switzerland" county="upper Bajocian" municipality="upper Hauptrogenstein" name="Two" pageId="32" pageNumber="722" stateProvince="Aargau">Two</location>
further specimens showing the actinal surface come from the same formation and age, at
<location id="34569B8C9A56FFDB0D04F899FDE4F8BF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B9207C419A69FFD80CB7FA9AFEC9FBC4:34569B8C9A56FFDB0D04F899FDE4F8BF" box="[523,631,1813,1836]" country="Switzerland" county="upper Bajocian" municipality="upper Hauptrogenstein" name="Auenstein" pageId="32" pageNumber="722" stateProvince="Aargau">Auenstein</location>
(
<collectingRegion id="F34D03B59A56FFDB0D9CF899FF62F8DE" country="Switzerland" name="Aargau" pageId="32" pageNumber="722">Canton of Aargau</collectingRegion>
;
<collectionCode id="579855929A56FFDB0FF0F8BAFEAFF8DE" box="[255,316,1846,1869]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8wbz-jkc3" name="Naturhistorishes Museum" pageId="32" pageNumber="722">NMB</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="612F652C9A56FFDB0E48F8BAFE31F8DE" box="[327,418,1846,1869]" collectionCode="NMB" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8wbz-jkc3" name="Naturhistorishes Museum" pageId="32" pageNumber="722">M 9923</specimenCode>
), as figured by
<bibRefCitation id="5518B0A69A56FFDB0D58F8BAFD40F8DE" author="Hess, H." box="[599,723,1846,1869]" pageId="32" pageNumber="722" pagination="987 - 993" refId="ref28419" refString="Hess, H. 1994. New specimen of the sea star Testudinaster peregrinus Hess from the Middle Jurassic of northern Switzerland. Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae, 87, 987 - 993." type="journal article" year="1994">Hess (1994</bibRefCitation>
, figs 1, 2)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A56FFD80C43F938FD05FD88" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="725" pageId="32" pageNumber="722" type="description">
<paragraph id="3136CD579A56FFDA0C43F938FC53F97A" blockId="32.[844,1467,1716,1901]" lastBlockId="33.[845,1467,1547,1901]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="723" pageId="32" pageNumber="722">
<emphasis id="03FD11459A56FFDB0C43F938FC44F958" bold="true" box="[844,983,1716,1739]" pageId="32" pageNumber="722">Description.</emphasis>
The external morphology of
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A56FFDB0A29F938FA28F958" authorityName="Hess" authorityYear="1983" box="[1318,1467,1716,1739]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Testudinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="32" pageNumber="722" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="peregrinus">
<emphasis id="03FD11459A56FFDB0A29F938FA28F958" box="[1318,1467,1716,1739]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="722">T. peregrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is almost completely known on the basis of
<specimenCount id="278F06DE9A56FFDB0A48F958FC17F89F" count="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="722" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
showing, respectively, the actinal (
<collectionCode id="579855929A56FFDB0A1EF979FADCF89F" box="[1297,1359,1781,1804]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8wbz-jkc3" name="Naturhistorishes Museum" pageId="32" pageNumber="722">NMB</collectionCode>
M 9923) and abactinal (
<collectionCode id="579855929A56FFDB0CF1F899FBAFF8BF" box="[1022,1084,1813,1836]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8wbz-jkc3" name="Naturhistorishes Museum" pageId="32" pageNumber="722">NMB</collectionCode>
M 9689) surfaces (
<bibRefCitation id="5518B0A69A56FFDB0A37F899FA20F8BF" author="Hess, H." box="[1336,1459,1813,1836]" pageId="32" pageNumber="722" pagination="919 - 925" refId="ref28351" refString="Hess, H. 1983. Eine neuer Seestern (Testudinaster peregrinus n. g. n. sp.) aus dem mittleren Dogger des Aargauer Juras. Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae, 76, 919 - 925." type="journal article" year="1983">Hess 1983</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="5518B0A69A56FFDB0C43F8BAFC12F8DE" author="Hess, H." box="[844,897,1846,1869]" pageId="32" pageNumber="722" pagination="987 - 993" refId="ref28419" refString="Hess, H. 1994. New specimen of the sea star Testudinaster peregrinus Hess from the Middle Jurassic of northern Switzerland. Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae, 87, 987 - 993." type="journal article" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
). The specimens are crushed abactinally-actinally, but can be reconstructed by the use of displaced ossicle articulations. The abactinal surface was originally hemispherical, and the outer actinal surface slightly inflated. The central part of the actinal surface was flat. Extensive dislocation and displacement of actinal ossicles along the ambitus was a result of postmortem collapse of an inflated body form (
<collectionCode id="579855929A57FFDA0D27F93DFDF5F95B" box="[552,614,1713,1736]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8wbz-jkc3" name="Naturhistorishes Museum" pageId="33" pageNumber="723">NMB</collectionCode>
M 9923). The adambulacral ossicles have small, square actinal surfaces, and fit together closely, tightly covering the groove. The actinal ossicles are small and massive, very numerous, and arranged in a chevron pattern, ‘V’-ing towards the peristome. The proximal actinals are more irregular in distribution and approximately rhombic in outline. The more distal actinals, towards the ambitus, form discrete transverse rows of elongated, rectangular plates, which form a bowed double arc, symmetrical about the interradius. Displaced ossicles show that the ambital actinals are taller than long and formed a thick body wall.
</paragraph>
<caption id="65F69DDF9A57FFDA0F90FAB1FD84FA2F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10949945" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10949945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10949945/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="723" startId="33.[159,226,1341,1362]" targetBox="[190,1447,219,1287]" targetPageId="33" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="3136CD579A57FFDA0F90FAB1FD84FA2F" blockId="33.[159,1467,1341,1468]" pageId="33" pageNumber="723">
<emphasis id="03FD11459A57FFDA0F90FAB1FEDEFAC1" bold="true" box="[159,333,1341,1362]" pageId="33" pageNumber="723">Figure 19. A, C,</emphasis>
interpretative drawings of
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A57FFDA0D52FAB1FCFDFAC1" authority="Gale, 2021" authorityName="Gale" authorityYear="2021" box="[605,878,1341,1362]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Eosphaeraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="33" pageNumber="723" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="amellagensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="03FD11459A57FFDA0D52FAB1FCFDFAC1" box="[605,878,1341,1362]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="723">Eosphaeraster amellagensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="18CEAC3E9A57FFDA0C78FAB1FB87FAC1" box="[887,1044,1341,1362]" pageId="33" pageNumber="723" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="03FD11459A57FFDA0B13FAB1FBA7FAC1" bold="true" box="[1052,1076,1341,1362]" pageId="33" pageNumber="723">A,</emphasis>
lateral view of large abactinal plate to show candelabra-like, outward-branching papular pores on rim of plate;
<emphasis id="03FD11459A57FFDA0C8BFADBFC06FAFF" bold="true" box="[900,917,1367,1388]" pageId="33" pageNumber="723">C</emphasis>
, reconstruction of part of abactinal surface; the large central ossicle is the primary interradial. Note concentration of papular pores towards corners of plates.
<emphasis id="03FD11459A57FFDA0BABFAFEFB29FA14" bold="true" box="[1188,1210,1394,1415]" pageId="33" pageNumber="723">B,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A57FFDA0BCCFAFEFA28FA14" authority="Gale, 2021" authorityName="Gale" authorityYear="2021" box="[1219,1467,1394,1415]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Bolbosphaeraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="33" pageNumber="723" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="valettei" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="03FD11459A57FFDA0BCCFAFEFA28FA14" box="[1219,1467,1394,1415]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="723">Bolbosphaeraster valettei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="18CEAC3E9A57FFDA0F90FA00FEADFA32" box="[159,318,1420,1441]" pageId="33" pageNumber="723" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Note concentration of few papular pores at corners of plates.
<emphasis id="03FD11459A57FFDA0CB3FA00FC47FA32" bold="true" box="[956,980,1420,1441]" pageId="33" pageNumber="723">D,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A57FFDA0CD1FA00FB22FA32" authority="Gale, 2021" authorityName="Gale" authorityYear="2021" box="[990,1201,1420,1441]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Pouzaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="33" pageNumber="723" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pocknotata" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="03FD11459A57FFDA0CD1FA00FB22FA32" box="[990,1201,1420,1441]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="723">Pouzaster pocknotata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="18CEAC3E9A57FFDA0BB3FA00FACEFA32" box="[1212,1373,1420,1441]" pageId="33" pageNumber="723" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, to show single papular pores at plate junctions.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3136CD579A57FFD80C68F97EFD05FD88" blockId="33.[845,1467,1547,1901]" lastBlockId="35.[159,781,188,539]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="725" pageId="33" pageNumber="723">The abactinal surface is divided into a central area and well-demarcated distal radial regions. The central area is a tesselation of numerous (over 100) evenly sized but irregularly shaped polygonal abactinal ossicles. These are relatively thin (maximum dimension 2–3 times height), and the margins are notched by two to four papular pores along each articular surface. The primary abactinal ossicles cannot be identified with certainty. The distal radial regions are made up of sub-parallel, well-defined rows of short, broad ossicles, which narrow distally, in which direction the ossicles also become shorter and taller. The radial row is symmetrical along the radius, and the ossicles are slightly concavo-convex (distal-proximal). The external surface of all abactinal ossicles appears to be smooth.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="79939EDC9A55FFD80F90FDB8FEC9FBC4" pageId="35" pageNumber="725" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3136CD579A55FFD80F90FDB8FEC9FBC4" blockId="35.[159,781,564,1111]" pageId="35" pageNumber="725">
<emphasis id="03FD11459A55FFD80F90FDB8FE9EFDD8" bold="true" box="[159,269,564,587]" pageId="35" pageNumber="725">Remarks.</emphasis>
Although originally assigned provisionally to the
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A55FFD80FC5FDD9FE5FFDFF" authority="Gray, 1840" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[202,460,597,620]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="725" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
Asterinidae
<bibRefCitation id="5518B0A69A55FFD80E5FFDD9FE5FFDFF" author="Gray, J. E." box="[336,460,597,620]" pageId="35" pageNumber="725" pagination="275 - 290" refId="ref28252" refString="Gray, J. E. 1840. A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias Linnaeus). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6, 175 - 184, 275 - 290." type="journal article" year="1840">Gray, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="5518B0A69A55FFD80EF2FDD9FD17FDFF" author="Hess, H." box="[509,644,597,620]" pageId="35" pageNumber="725" pagination="919 - 925" refId="ref28351" refString="Hess, H. 1983. Eine neuer Seestern (Testudinaster peregrinus n. g. n. sp.) aus dem mittleren Dogger des Aargauer Juras. Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae, 76, 919 - 925." type="journal article" year="1983">Hess (1983)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A55FFD80D9AFDD9FF57FD1E" authorityName="Hess" authorityYear="1983" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Testudinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="725" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="peregrinus">
<emphasis id="03FD11459A55FFD80D9AFDD9FF57FD1E" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="725">T. peregrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was subsequently linked to the
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A55FFD80D32FDFAFD75FD1E" authorityName="Schondorf" authorityYear="1906" box="[573,742,630,653]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="725" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Sphaerasteridae</taxonomicName>
on the similarity of body form and the tabular abactinal ossicles with conspicuous papular pores (
<bibRefCitation id="5518B0A69A55FFD80D8CFD3BFD6EFD5D" author="Hess, H." box="[643,765,695,718]" pageId="35" pageNumber="725" pagination="987 - 993" refId="ref28419" refString="Hess, H. 1994. New specimen of the sea star Testudinaster peregrinus Hess from the Middle Jurassic of northern Switzerland. Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae, 87, 987 - 993." type="journal article" year="1994">Hess 1994</bibRefCitation>
). However, the absence of large marginals in
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A55FFD80F90FD75FEA3FC83" authorityName="Hess" authorityYear="1983" box="[159,304,761,784]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Testudinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="725" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="03FD11459A55FFD80F90FD75FEA3FC83" box="[159,304,761,784]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="725">Testudinaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comparable with those in Schondorf’ s (1906b) reconstruction of the species
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A55FFD80D49FC95FD5BFCA3" baseAuthorityName="Goldfuss" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[582,712,793,816]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Sphaeraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="725" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tabulatus">
<emphasis id="03FD11459A55FFD80D49FC95FD5BFCA3" box="[582,712,793,816]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="725">S. tabulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
made Hess wary of the relationship. The discovery that the large marginals in
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A55FFD80E7BFCD7FE64FCE1" baseAuthorityName="Goldfuss" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[372,503,859,882]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Sphaeraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="725" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tabulatus">
<emphasis id="03FD11459A55FFD80E7BFCD7FE64FCE1" box="[372,503,859,882]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="725">S. tabulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are a result of imaginative reconstruction, and are not actually present, brings
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A55FFD80F90FC11FEA3FC27" authorityName="Hess" authorityYear="1983" box="[159,304,925,948]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Testudinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="725" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="03FD11459A55FFD80F90FC11FEA3FC27" box="[159,304,925,948]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="725">Testudinaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
closer to
<taxonomicName id="F689B6D49A55FFD80EA9FC11FDBBFC27" baseAuthorityName="Goldfuss" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[422,552,925,948]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Sphaeraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="35" pageNumber="725" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tabulatus">
<emphasis id="03FD11459A55FFD80EA9FC11FDBBFC27" box="[422,552,925,948]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="725">S. tabulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It differs from that species in the more numerous abactinal plates of the dorsal surface and the development of rows of abactinals towards the ambitus (
<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A55FFD80EDFFC73FDA6FB85" box="[464,565,1023,1046]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="37.[159,226,1797,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-1@36.[159,1466,188,1920]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 21. Testudinaster peregrinus Hess, 1983. A, holotype, abactinal view, upper Hauptrogenstein (upper Bajocian), Schinznach, Switzerland (NMB M 9689); B, interpretative drawing, colours as in Figure 1; C, actinal view of another specimen, upper Hauptrogenstein (upper Bajocian), Auenstein, Canton of Aargau, Switzerland (NMB M 9923). Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955097/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="725">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
). Additionally, the plates of the actinal surface are very numerous and elongated (
<figureCitation id="A9B2D1D29A55FFD80FE5FBCCFED9FBC4" box="[234,330,1088,1111]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="37.[159,226,1797,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-1@36.[159,1466,188,1920]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 21. Testudinaster peregrinus Hess, 1983. A, holotype, abactinal view, upper Hauptrogenstein (upper Bajocian), Schinznach, Switzerland (NMB M 9689); B, interpretative drawing, colours as in Figure 1; C, actinal view of another specimen, upper Hauptrogenstein (upper Bajocian), Auenstein, Canton of Aargau, Switzerland (NMB M 9923). Scale bars = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10955097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10955097/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="725">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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