190 lines
13 KiB
XML
190 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58b3b015-a919-456b-9175-f96878341e31" ID-PMC="PMC3497256" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-239-1" ID-PubMed="23226711" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-239-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 239" ModsDocTitle="Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres ( Cyamon and Trikentrion)" checkinTime="1451248578713" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Soest, Rob van, Carballo, Jose Luis & Hooper, John" docDate="2012" docId="2203E72F032E81B6D7151497FD5EF7DC" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 239: 1-70" docOrigin="ZooKeys 239" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734" docTitle="Trikentrion catalina Sim & Bakus 1986" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="3639FF9B0F54FFEACF6A573ADC3CDF3D" masterDocTitle="Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres (Cyamon and Trikentrion)" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1668154678110" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres (Cyamon and Trikentrion)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Soest, Rob van</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carballo, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hooper, John</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>239</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>70</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-239-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037784" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2203E72F032E81B6D7151497FD5EF7DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2203E72F032E81B6D7151497FD5EF7DC" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Trikentrion_catalina" authority="Sim & Bakus, 1986" authorityName="Sim & Bakus" authorityYear="1986" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina (Sim & Bakus, 1986)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Cyamon catalina</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Sim, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 23" title="Marine sponges of Santa Catalina Island, California." volume="5" year="1986">Sim and Bakus 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 18, fig. 4;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lee et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 211 (California).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Not (Trikentrion) catalina" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" rank="species" species="catalina" subGenus="Trikentrion">Not: Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Gomez, P" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="223 - 237" title="New records for the sponge fauna (Porifea: Demospongiae) of the Pacific coast of Mexico (eastern Pacific Ocean)." volume="115" year="2002">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2002
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</bibRefCitation>
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=
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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Holotype USNM 33631, preserved in alcohol, California, Santa Catalina Island, Bird Rock,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="33.45">33.45°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-118.4833">118.4833°W</geoCoordinate>
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, on rocky cliff at 50 m depth, coll. K. McCleneghan.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Not examined: paratype BMNH 1985 (reg. nr. unknown), Santa Catalina Island, Ship Rock, on rock at 46 m depth, coll. R. Given.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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Flabelliform sponge (Fig. 25A), measuring 15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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8 by 0.4 cm, attached to rocks by a 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.6 cm stalk. Surface hispid. No oscules apparent. Consistency firm and leathery. Color reddish orange (alive), pale beige (alcohol).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Skeleton (Fig. 25B): choanosome densely packed with three-claded polyactines; ectosome with long, relatively thick styles surrounded by dense bouquets of short thin styles; trichodragmata commonly observed especially in the peripheral parts.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Spicules: long (thin) styles, short thin styles, polyactines, trichodragmas.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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Long (thin) styles (Fig. 25C), usually broken and only a few could be measured: 1400-5400
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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8-40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, so not really thin.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="44" pageNumber="45" start="start">Short</pageBreakToken>
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thin styles (Fig. 25D), 130
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–611.3–">-611.3-</normalizedToken>
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730
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–5.6–">-5.6-</normalizedToken>
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8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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,
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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Polyactines (Figs 25E, E1), predominantly three-claded, with spined shorter basal cladi (Fig. 25E1), occasionally with few or no spines on the basal cladi, and smooth, longer, relatively pointed lateral cladi; occasionally four-claded; size basal cladi 78
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–98.7–">-98.7-</normalizedToken>
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126
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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16
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–25.3–">-25.3-</normalizedToken>
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31
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, lateral cladi 156
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–197.7–">-197.7-</normalizedToken>
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236
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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18
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–24.4–">-24.4-</normalizedToken>
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29
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="45" pageNumber="46" start="start">Trichodragmas</pageBreakToken>
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: straight, with lightly spined raphides (Figs 25F, F1), 63
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–79.3–">-79.3-</normalizedToken>
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88
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–10.2–">-10.2-</normalizedToken>
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13
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Santa Catalina Island, Southern California.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">On rocks, from 46-50 m depth.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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This species is assigned to
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
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, because of the flabellate shape resembling
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion flabelliforme" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flabelliforme">Trikentrion flabelliforme</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Hentschel, E" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="293 - 448" title="Kiesel- und Hornschwaemme der Aru- und Kei-Inseln." volume="34" year="1912">Hentschel (1912)</bibRefCitation>
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, the sagittal polyactines, three-claded with spines only on the basal cladus, and the possession of trichodragmas. It is similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
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in the lack of genuine choanosomal oxeas, and the short basal cladi of the polyactines. Remarkably, when describing
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
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, Sim & Bakus (1986) did not notice - they did not discuss
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
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- the similarities with their species. Specimens assigned to
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation author="Gomez, P" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="223 - 237" title="New records for the sponge fauna (Porifea: Demospongiae) of the Pacific coast of Mexico (eastern Pacific Ocean)." volume="115" year="2002">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
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et al. (2002)
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</bibRefCitation>
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are considered to be long to
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion helium" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="helium">Trikentrion helium</taxonomicName>
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(see above).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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Figure 25.
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion catalina" order="Axinellida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="catalina">Trikentrion catalina</taxonomicName>
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(Sim & Bakus, 1986), holotype USNM 33631, A shape of holotype specimen (scale bar = 1 cm) B cross section of skeleton C detail of head of long thin style D details of short thin style E three- and four-claded polyactines E1 detail of spined basal clade of polyactine F raphide F1 detail of raphide showing spination.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |