426 lines
53 KiB
XML
426 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813" ID-PMC="PMC4233396" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-449-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" ID-PubMed="25408612" ID-Zenodo-Dep="578570" ID-ZooBank="75DDC58463EB4BF1BBF908C1D2954CAC" ModsDocID="1313-2970-449-1" checkinTime="1451245204622" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gondim, Anne Isabelley, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey & Pereira Dias, Thelma Lucia" docDate="2014" docId="57B42DC42FC158B173ED8E37F45CF25F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 449: 1-56" docOrigin="ZooKeys 449" docPubDate="2014-10-22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813" docTitle="Oreaster reticulatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1668159529239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic guide and historical review of starfishes in northeastern Brazil (Echinodermata, Asteroidea)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gondim, Anne Isabelley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia, Laboratorio de Invertebrados Marinhos Paulo Young, Bairro Cidade Universitaria s / n, CEP. 58059 - 900, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">anneisabelley@yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Biologicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia, Laboratorio de Invertebrados Marinhos Paulo Young, Bairro Cidade Universitaria s / n, CEP. 58059 - 900, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pereira Dias, Thelma Lucia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, CCBS, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratorio de Biologia Marinha, Campus I, Rua Baraunas, 351, Bairro Universitario, CEP 58429 - 500, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2014-10-22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>449</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>56</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.449.6813</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-449-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">75DDC58463EB4BF1BBF908C1D2954CAC</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">6920FF8C5744C128FF87527A336C6949</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">578570</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152056062" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:57B42DC42FC158B173ED8E37F45CF25F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/57B42DC42FC158B173ED8E37F45CF25F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName LSID="57B42DC4-2FC1-58B1-73ED-8E37F45CF25F" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreaster reticulatus" order="Valvatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">Oreaster reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Some species of the order Valvatida recorded in northeastern Brazil. Oreaster reticulatus (A-G) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Detail view da abactinal surface D Detail of the mouth E Actinal view of the arm F Detail of the bivalve pedicellariae, and G Skeleton, in detail its arrangement into a reticulum." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 8a-g</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Some common starfishes in their natural habitat. A Luidia senegalensis in a sand beach B Astropecten marginatus in a hypersaline mangrove C Oreaster reticulatus in a sand beach D Linckia guildingi on coral reefs E Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus in seagrass beds and F Echinaster (Othilia) echinophorus over the muddy bottom of a hypersaline mangrove. Photos: Thelma LP Dias." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">, 12c</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Asterias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asterias gigas" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gigas">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="start">Asterias</pageBreakToken>
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gigas
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</taxonomicName>
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Linnaeus, 1753: 114.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Asterias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asterias reticulata" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulata">Asterias reticulata</taxonomicName>
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Linnaeus, 1758: 661.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Pentaceros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaceros reticulatus" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">Pentaceros reticulatus</taxonomicName>
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Gray, 1840: 276.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreaster reticulatus" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">Oreaster reticulatus</taxonomicName>
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Linnaeus, 1758.
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Geociencias da USP, Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B132" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1958. Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 27" title="Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1958">Tommasi 1958</bibRefCitation>
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: 16-17, pl. 3, fig. 2;
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<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B134" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1970. Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 61" title="Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
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: 10-11, fig. 31.
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<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 10" refId="B21" refString="Brito, IM, 1962. Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos: 1 - 10" title="Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil" year="1962">Brito 1962</bibRefCitation>
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: 3;
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<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 51" refId="B22" refString="Brito, IM, 1968. Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias. In: Boletim do Museu Nacional.: 1 - 51" title="Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias." volumeTitle="Boletim do Museu Nacional." year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 5-6, pl. 2, figs 1-3.
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<bibRefCitation author="Lima-Verde, JS" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="9 - 13" refId="B72" refString="Lima-Verde, JS, 1969. Primeira contribuicao ao inventario dos Echinodermas do nordeste Brasileiro. Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar 9: 9 - 13" title="Primeira contribuicao ao inventario dos Echinodermas do nordeste Brasileiro." volume="9" year="1969">Lima-Verde 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 11.
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<bibRefCitation author="Fernandes, MLB" journalOrPublisher="Diagnostico da Biodiversidade de Pernambuco" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="405 - 427" refId="B41" refString="Fernandes, MLB, Tommasi, LR, Lima, EJB, 2002. Filo Echinodermata de Pernambuco. Diagnostico da Biodiversidade de Pernambuco Vol. 2: 405 - 427" title="Filo Echinodermata de Pernambuco." volume="Vol. 2" year="2002">Fernandes et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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: 422.
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<bibRefCitation author="Magalhaes, WF" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="375 - 381" refId="B84" refString="Magalhaes, WF, Martins, LR, Alves, OFS, 2005. Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 40: 375 - 381" title="Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia." volume="40" year="2005">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Magalhães">Magalhaes</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2005
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 63.
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<bibRefCitation author="Ventura, CRR" editor="Lavrado, HP" journalOrPublisher="Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="B143" refString="Ventura, CRR, Verissimo, I, Nobre, CC, Zama, PC, 2007. Filo Echinodermata. In: Lavrado, HP, Viana, MS, Eds., Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" title="Filo Echinodermata." volumeTitle="Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1." year="2007">Ventura et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 238.
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<bibRefCitation author="Manso, CLC" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="179 - 196" publicationUrl="10.1590/S1676-06032008000300017" refId="B89" refString="Manso, CLC, Alves, OF, Martins, LR, 2008. Echinodermata da Baia de Todos os Santos e da Baia de Aratu (Bahia, Brasil). Biota Neotropica 8: 179 - 196, DOI: 10.1590/S1676-06032008000300017" title="Echinodermata da Baia de Todos os Santos e da Baia de Aratu (Bahia, Brasil)." url="10.1590/S1676-06032008000300017" volume="8" year="2008">Manso et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 185, fig. 8c, d, e.
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<bibRefCitation author="Xavier, LAR" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="73 - 78" publicationUrl="10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" refId="B157" refString="Xavier, LAR, 2010. Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 14: 73 - 78, DOI: 10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" title="Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil." url="10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" volume="14" year="2010">Xavier 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 75.
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<bibRefCitation author="Alves, RRN" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Conservation Science" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="159 - 174" refId="B5" refString="Alves, RRN, Dias, TLP, 2010. Usos de invertebrados na medicina popular no Brasil e suas implicacoes para a conservacao. Tropical Conservation Science 3: 159 - 174" title="Usos de invertebrados na medicina popular no Brasil e suas implicacoes para a conservacao." volume="3" year="2010">Alves et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 757.
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<bibRefCitation author="Miranda, ALS" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="135 - 146" publicationUrl="10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" refId="B98" refString="Miranda, ALS, Lima, MLF, Sovierzoski, HH, Correia, MD, 2012. Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Biota Neotropica 12: 135 - 146, DOI: 10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" title="Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas." url="10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" volume="12" year="2012">Miranda et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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: 143, 144.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreaster aculeatus" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aculeatus">Oreaster aculeatus</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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& Troschel, 1842: 50.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Grube" authorityYear="1857" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreaster lapidarius" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lapidarius">Oreaster lapidarius</taxonomicName>
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Grube, 1857: 342.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Behn in Möbius" authorityYear="1859" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreaster tuberosus" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tuberosus">Oreaster tuberosus</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Möbius">Moebius</normalizedToken>
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, 1859: 6.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1859" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreaster gigas" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gigas">Oreaster gigas</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lütken">Luetken</normalizedToken>
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, 1860: 64-75.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="" authorityYear="1942" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreaster reticulatus subsp. var. var. bermudensis" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="reticulatus" subSpecies="var." variety="bermudensis">Oreaster reticulatus var. bermudensis</taxonomicName>
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H.L. Clark, 1942: 372, figs 1-2.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ceará">Ceara</normalizedToken>
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: off Fortaleza, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1255, Geomar XXIV, V.1985.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
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: 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1579, 26.X.1980; Cabedelo, Farol de Cabedelo Reef, UFPB/ECH.1254, 22.I.1981, 26m; 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1588, 26.X.1980;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.65">6°39'S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.816666">34°49'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1575, 28.V.1981, 20m;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="5" value="-6.651389">6°39'5"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.766666">34°46'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1429, 1spec., 29.V.1981, 35m;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-6.651389">6°39'05"S</geoCoordinate>
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; 34°49"W, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1251, 28.V.1981, 20m;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-6.651389">6°39'05"S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.816666">34°49'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1578, 28.V.1981, 20m;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.8333335">6°50'S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.783333">34°47'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1253, 11.V.1981, 18m;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.866667">6°52'S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.766666">34°46'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1872, 19.II.1981, 18m;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.866667">6°52'S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.8">34°48'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1590, 04.II.1981, 10m;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.866667">6°52'S</geoCoordinate>
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||
;
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||
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.816666">34°49'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1593, 04.II.1981, 12m;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.95">6°57'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
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||
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.683334">34°41'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1spc., UFPB/ECH.1577, 12.II.1981, 26m;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.016667">7°01'S</geoCoordinate>
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||
;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-34.78472">34°47'05"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2spec., UFPB/ECH.1252, 02.V.1981, 11m;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.0666666">7°04'S</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="41" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.683334">34°41'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2spec., UFPB/ECH.1576, 17.II.1981, 22m;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="07" direction="south" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="24,4" value="-7.0734444">07°04'24,4"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="034" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="49" value="-34.796944">034°47'49"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1871, 24.VI.2005, 6m;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.116667">7°07'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.783333">34°47'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1430, 05.II.1981, 10m;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.1666665">7°10'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.633335">34°38'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1873, 26.03.1981, 25m;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.2166667">7°13'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.7">34°42'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1574, 27.III.1981, 10m;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.5666666">7°34'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.65">34°39'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1594, 1spec.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.5666666">7°34'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-34.65">34°39'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 22.I.1981, 26m. Pernambuco:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Itamaracá">Itamaraca</normalizedToken>
|
||
Island, 4spec., UFPB/ECH.1581, VIII.1980, 20m; Suape Beach, 1spec., UFPB/ECH.1580, I.1980.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="type locality">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
'Las Antillas
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Occidentales’">Occidentales'</normalizedToken>
|
||
or 'Spanish West
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Indies’">Indies'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman & Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Body pentagonal. Disk high, inflated, concave on actinal side (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Some species of the order Valvatida recorded in northeastern Brazil. Oreaster reticulatus (A-G) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Detail view da abactinal surface D Detail of the mouth E Actinal view of the arm F Detail of the bivalve pedicellariae, and G Skeleton, in detail its arrangement into a reticulum." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">8a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Five short arms (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Some species of the order Valvatida recorded in northeastern Brazil. Oreaster reticulatus (A-G) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Detail view da abactinal surface D Detail of the mouth E Actinal view of the arm F Detail of the bivalve pedicellariae, and G Skeleton, in detail its arrangement into a reticulum." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">8a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abactinal figs with one thick, short, blunt spine (~2.43 mm). Among these figs there occur papular areas, which are covered by small granules and bivalve pedicellariae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Some species of the order Valvatida recorded in northeastern Brazil. Oreaster reticulatus (A-G) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Detail view da abactinal surface D Detail of the mouth E Actinal view of the arm F Detail of the bivalve pedicellariae, and G Skeleton, in detail its arrangement into a reticulum." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">8c</figureCitation>
|
||
). These granules cover the entire body, including the bases of the spines. Superomarginal figs with one short, thick and blunt spine (~3.38 mm), determining the margin of the body. Inferomarginal figs similar to superomarginal figs, with one or two small and thick spines. Papular areas restricted to abactinal surface. Actinal surface granulose, with a great number of pedicellariae, especially in areas near the mouth and abulacral groove. Actinal figs with 1-2 short, conical, and blunt spines (~1.53 mm). Ambulacral figs with 5-6 short and flattened spines, of which the median spines are the largest (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Some species of the order Valvatida recorded in northeastern Brazil. Oreaster reticulatus (A-G) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Detail view da abactinal surface D Detail of the mouth E Actinal view of the arm F Detail of the bivalve pedicellariae, and G Skeleton, in detail its arrangement into a reticulum." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">8e</figureCitation>
|
||
). Short, conical, spines (~3.16 mm) form a well defined row of spines on the margins of the ambulacral grooves. Four short, thick, blunt oral spines (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Some species of the order Valvatida recorded in northeastern Brazil. Oreaster reticulatus (A-G) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Detail view da abactinal surface D Detail of the mouth E Actinal view of the arm F Detail of the bivalve pedicellariae, and G Skeleton, in detail its arrangement into a reticulum." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">8d</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sessile bivalve pedicellariae distributed over entire body of animal (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Some species of the order Valvatida recorded in northeastern Brazil. Oreaster reticulatus (A-G) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Detail view da abactinal surface D Detail of the mouth E Actinal view of the arm F Detail of the bivalve pedicellariae, and G Skeleton, in detail its arrangement into a reticulum." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">8f</figureCitation>
|
||
). Skeleton formed by conical, abactinal figs interconnected by secondarily elongated and widened figs, arranged into a reticulum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Some species of the order Valvatida recorded in northeastern Brazil. Oreaster reticulatus (A-G) A Abactinal view B Actinal view C Detail view da abactinal surface D Detail of the mouth E Actinal view of the arm F Detail of the bivalve pedicellariae, and G Skeleton, in detail its arrangement into a reticulum." pageId="11" pageNumber="12">8g</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Some species of the order
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Valvatida</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded in northeastern Brazil.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Luetken" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Asterinides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Asterinides folium" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="folium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Asterinides folium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">(A-E)</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal view, in detail the superomarginal figs
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B</emphasis>
|
||
Actinal view, in detail actinal internidate area
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C</emphasis>
|
||
Detail the abactinal intermediate are
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D</emphasis>
|
||
Actinal view of the arm
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of the mouth;
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Mithrodiidae" genus="Mithrodia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mithrodia clavigera" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="clavigera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mithrodia clavigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">(F-I)</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">F</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G</emphasis>
|
||
Actinal view, in detail the mouth
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">H</emphasis>
|
||
Abactinal view of the arm, in detail a spine, and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">I</emphasis>
|
||
Actinal view of the arm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Colour.</emphasis>
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B55" refString="Hendler, G, Miller, JE, Pawson, DL, Kier, PM, 1995. Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 232" refId="B151" refString="Verrill, AE, 1915. Report on the starfishes of the West Indies, Florida, and Brazil, including those obtained by Bahamas Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893. Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa 7: 1 - 232" title="Report on the starfishes of the West Indies, Florida, and Brazil, including those obtained by Bahamas Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893." volume="7" year="1915">Verrill (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the colour pattern of this species is very variable, even among individuals from a same population. Along the Brazilian coast the most common colour is orange or brownish red. Yet juvenile individuals differ significantly from adults. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Benavides-Serrato, M" journalOrPublisher="Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, 22. Santa Marta" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="B12" refString="Benavides-Serrato, M, Borrero-Perez, GH, Dias Sanchez, CM, 2011. Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea. Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, 22. Santa Marta" title="Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea." year="2011">Benavides-Serrato et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B55" refString="Hendler, G, Miller, JE, Pawson, DL, Kier, PM, 1995. Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the aboral surface of juveniles is frequently olive-green and usually presents green-grey or coffe-coloured spots. In the adults, on the other hand, this colour is orange with lighter or darker tubercles on the disk and arms. The oral surface in both stages is beige or cream-coloured.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
North and South Carolina, the Bermudas, the Bahamas, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Cuba, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Brazil, and Cabo Verde (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B134" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1970. Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 61" title="Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1970">Tommasi 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Walenkamp, JHC" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 91" refId="B153" refString="Walenkamp, JHC, 1976. The asteroids of the coastal waters of Surinam. Zoologische Verhandelingen 147: 1 - 91" title="The asteroids of the coastal waters of Surinam." volume="147" year="1976">Walenkamp 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B55" refString="Hendler, G, Miller, JE, Pawson, DL, Kier, PM, 1995. Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ventura, CRR" editor="Lavrado, HP" journalOrPublisher="Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="B143" refString="Ventura, CRR, Verissimo, I, Nobre, CC, Zama, PC, 2007. Filo Echinodermata. In: Lavrado, HP, Viana, MS, Eds., Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro" title="Filo Echinodermata." volumeTitle="Atlas de invertebrados marinhos da regiao central da zona economica exclusiva brasileira. Parte 1." year="2007">Ventura et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Alvarado, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="37 - 55" refId="B4" refString="Alvarado, JJ, Solis-Marin, FA, Ahearn, C, 2008. Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Caribe Centroamericano. Revista de Biologia Tropical 56: 37 - 55" title="Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Caribe Centroamericano." volume="56" year="2008">Alvarado et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="del Valle Garcia, R" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="19 - 35" refId="B37" refString="del Valle Garcia, R, Abreu Perez, M, Rodriguez, R, Solis-Marin, FA, Laguarda-Figueras, A, Duran Gonzalez, A de la L, 2008. Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del occidente del Archipielago Sabana-Camagueey, Cuba. Revista de Biologia Tropical 56: 19 - 35" title="Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del occidente del Archipielago Sabana-Camagueey, Cuba." volume="56" year="2008">
|
||
del Valle
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In Brazil: MA, CE, PB, PE, AL, BA, RJ, SP, and SC, incluinding Abrolhos and Trindade Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rathbun, R" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="139 - 151" refId="B122" refString="Rathbun, R, 1879. A List of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution, etc. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science 5: 139 - 151" title="A List of the Brazilian echinoderms, with notes on their distribution, etc." volume="5" year="1879">Rathbun 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 232" refId="B151" refString="Verrill, AE, 1915. Report on the starfishes of the West Indies, Florida, and Brazil, including those obtained by Bahamas Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893. Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa 7: 1 - 232" title="Report on the starfishes of the West Indies, Florida, and Brazil, including those obtained by Bahamas Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893." volume="7" year="1915">Verrill 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, HL" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="367 - 391" refId="B35" refString="Clark, HL, 1942. The echinoderm fauna of Bermuda. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 89: 367 - 391" title="The echinoderm fauna of Bermuda." volume="89" year="1942">Clark 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Revista do Instituto de Geociencias da USP, Sao Paulo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B132" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1958. Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 27" title="Os equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1958">Tommasi 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tommasi, LR" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de Biologia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 61" refId="B134" refString="Tommasi, LR, 1970. Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil. In: Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo.: 1 - 61" title="Lista de asteroides recentes do Brasil." volumeTitle="Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo." year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 10" refId="B21" refString="Brito, IM, 1962. Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos: 1 - 10" title="Ensaio de catalogo dos equinodermas do Brasil" year="1962">Brito 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brito, IM" journalOrPublisher="Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 51" refId="B22" refString="Brito, IM, 1968. Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias. In: Boletim do Museu Nacional.: 1 - 51" title="Asteroides e equinoides do Estado da Guanabara e adjacencias." volumeTitle="Boletim do Museu Nacional." year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lima-Verde, JS" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="9 - 13" refId="B72" refString="Lima-Verde, JS, 1969. Primeira contribuicao ao inventario dos Echinodermas do nordeste Brasileiro. Arquivos de Ciencias do Mar 9: 9 - 13" title="Primeira contribuicao ao inventario dos Echinodermas do nordeste Brasileiro." volume="9" year="1969">Lima-Verde 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fernandes, MLB" journalOrPublisher="Diagnostico da Biodiversidade de Pernambuco" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="405 - 427" refId="B41" refString="Fernandes, MLB, Tommasi, LR, Lima, EJB, 2002. Filo Echinodermata de Pernambuco. Diagnostico da Biodiversidade de Pernambuco Vol. 2: 405 - 427" title="Filo Echinodermata de Pernambuco." volume="Vol. 2" year="2002">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="start">Fernandes</pageBreakToken>
|
||
et al. 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Magalhaes, WF" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="375 - 381" refId="B84" refString="Magalhaes, WF, Martins, LR, Alves, OFS, 2005. Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 40: 375 - 381" title="Inventario dos Echinodermata do Estado da Bahia." volume="40" year="2005">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Magalhães">Magalhaes</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Xavier, LAR" journalOrPublisher="Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="73 - 78" publicationUrl="10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" refId="B157" refString="Xavier, LAR, 2010. Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 14: 73 - 78, DOI: 10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" title="Inventario dos equinodermos do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil." url="10.14210/bjast.v14n2.p73-78" volume="14" year="2010">Xavier 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Miranda, ALS" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="135 - 146" publicationUrl="10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" refId="B98" refString="Miranda, ALS, Lima, MLF, Sovierzoski, HH, Correia, MD, 2012. Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Biota Neotropica 12: 135 - 146, DOI: 10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" title="Inventory of the Echinodermata collection from the Universidade Federal de Alagoas." url="10.1590/S1676-06032012000200014" volume="12" year="2012">Miranda et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In this study we record the species for the first time in the States of Rio Grande do Norte, and Alagoas. From 0 to 800 m in depth, being most abundant up to 50 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Only two species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreaster" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Oreaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known for the Atlantic Ocean,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreaster clavatus" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="clavatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Oreaster clavatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreaster reticulatus" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Oreaster reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The first is known only from the Island of Cape Verde,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Thomé">Thome</normalizedToken>
|
||
and the Gulf of Guinea. The second, occurs widely throughout the West Atlantic, from North Carolina to the south of Brazil (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, AM" journalOrPublisher="Chapman & Hall, London, UK" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="B33" refString="Clark, AM, Downey, ME, 1992. Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3. Chapman & Hall, London, UK" title="Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman & Hall Identification Guides, 3." year="1992">Clark and Downey 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), its known southern limit being located in the State of Santa Catarina.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreaster reticulatus" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Oreaster reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from its congeneric
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreaster clavatus" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="clavatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Oreaster clavatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for presenting an inflated body and abactinal figs with tubercules or spines.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clark, HL" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="367 - 391" refId="B35" refString="Clark, HL, 1942. The echinoderm fauna of Bermuda. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 89: 367 - 391" title="The echinoderm fauna of Bermuda." volume="89" year="1942">Clark (1942)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the variety
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="" authorityYear="1942" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreaster reticulatus subsp. var. var. bermudensis" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="reticulatus" subSpecies="var." variety="bermudensis">Oreaster reticulatus var. bermudensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of the irregular placement of spines and papulae on the abactinal surface and of the presence of only one spine on the actinal figs. However, these characters also occur in other specimens from the Atlantic and thus do not sustain the name. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B55" refString="Hendler, G, Miller, JE, Pawson, DL, Kier, PM, 1995. Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the species may attain a disk diameter of up to 500 mm. We observed morphological variations in both juveniles and adults, but were not able to correlate these with colour patterns in this preserved material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="ecological notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ecological notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
The species lives in shallow reef environments with calm water, coastal lagoons, seagrass beds (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Hydrocharitaceae" genus="Thalassia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Thalassia" order="Helobiae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Thalassia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Endlicher" authorityYear="1841" class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Potamogetonaceae" genus="Halodule" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Halodule" order="Helobiae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Halodule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Potamogetonaceae" genus="Syringodium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Syringodium" order="Helobiae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Syringodium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and mangrove channels (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Benavides-Serrato, M" journalOrPublisher="Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, 22. Santa Marta" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="B12" refString="Benavides-Serrato, M, Borrero-Perez, GH, Dias Sanchez, CM, 2011. Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea. Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, 22. Santa Marta" title="Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuroidea." year="2011">Benavides-Serrato et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In this study the species was recorded in rhodolite beds and coastal reefs below 6 m. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 232" refId="B151" refString="Verrill, AE, 1915. Report on the starfishes of the West Indies, Florida, and Brazil, including those obtained by Bahamas Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893. Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the State University of Iowa 7: 1 - 232" title="Report on the starfishes of the West Indies, Florida, and Brazil, including those obtained by Bahamas Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893." volume="7" year="1915">Verrill (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreaster reticulatus" order="Valvatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Oreaster reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was the most abundant species in the States of Bahia and Pernambuco. Presently it is difficult to find along the northeastern coast of Brazil, and is listed as vulnerable to extinction (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Machado, ABM" journalOrPublisher="Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19)" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="B81" refString="Machado, ABM, Drummond, GM, Paglia, AP, 2008. . Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. (Serie Biodiversidade 19) Vol. I" volume="Vol. I" year="2008">Machado et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This is an omnivorous species, feeding mainly on microorganisms from organic matter associated with the sand of seagrass beds and algal substrates. However, it is also an opportunistic predator of echinoderms, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Tripneustes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tripneustes ventricosus" order="Camarodonta" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ventricosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tripneustes ventricosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lamarck, 1816) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="ventricosa" class="Echinoidea" family="Brissidae" genus="Meoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meoma ventricosa subsp. ventricosa" order="Spatangoida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="ventricosa" subSpecies="ventricosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Meoma ventricosa ventricosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lamark, 1816), as well as of individuals belonging to its own species and to a large variety of sponges (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hendler, G" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="B55" refString="Hendler, G, Miller, JE, Pawson, DL, Kier, PM, 1995. Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington" title="Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean." year="1995">Hendler et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The only known predator of adults belonging to this species is the gastropod
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Asteroidea" family="Charoniidae" genus="Charonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Charonia variegata" order="Velatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variegata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Charonia variegata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lamarck, 1816), while young individuals are known to be eaten by a great variety of fishes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Scheibling, RE" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="107 - 119" publicationUrl="10.1007/BF00387376" refId="B125" refString="Scheibling, RE, 1980. Abundance, spatial distribution, and size structure of populations of Oreaster reticulatus (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) on sand bottoms. Marine Biology 57: 107 - 119, DOI: 10.1007/BF00387376" title="Abundance, spatial distribution, and size structure of populations of Oreaster reticulatus (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) on sand bottoms." url="10.1007/BF00387376" volume="57" year="1980">Scheibling 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |