220 lines
38 KiB
XML
220 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="84DBEB8ECFD8FAB544E6C336273B7867" ID-DOI="10.5070/P940454153" ID-ISSN="0031-0298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10913559" ID-ZooBank="58312615-0833-432E-BF5D-3DFFBF361AAA" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1712169471054" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Burrow, Carole Jan, Murphy, Michael & Turner, Susan" docDate="2023" docId="B21CD55BFFD6FFE95AE48B3CFD3223B0" docLanguage="en" docName="PaleoBios.40.4.1-32.pdf" docOrigin="PaleoBios 40 (1975)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p940454153" docStyle="DocumentStyle:76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81.1:PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81" docStyleName="PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Radioporacanthodes porosus" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="4E25AD23FFDEFFE0596C8867FF9B270C" masterDocTitle="Late Silurian to earliest Devonian vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Birch Creek II section, Roberts Mountains, Nevada, U. S. A." masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1717597860775" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:title id="F745D5EA676F6D0BD779474E7DE828A2">Late Silurian to earliest Devonian vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Birch Creek II section, Roberts Mountains, Nevada, U. S. A.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2F033A36CBB0C7A3CAAC575D1C9CF4FE">Burrow, Carole Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A3F0BA976E99C0A22404C9FCBB3112D6">Murphy, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="482666C2F80C67F18B0D8315D54CC860">Turner, Susan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3CD20A2389FC3E910DB84391F5D3B044">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7EF4786C15604D18F1EC4B50F63D0B97">PaleoBios</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="345CB34697FE6DDA0A57BBBAC1AD5840">
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<mods:date id="0B1B360A55CE8518BB982017E5FEEB69">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="48A77440533A1D0A73C7BF311677EB31">2023-06-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1B58F3EDEC6990FAB03277413E0B588F">1975</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="54128B63F34BAEF3DBACFBBE57BEDB1E">http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p940454153</mods:url>
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<treatment id="B21CD55BFFD6FFE95AE48B3CFD3223B0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11488264" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11488264" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B21CD55BFFD6FFE95AE48B3CFD3223B0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B21CD55BFFD6FFE95AE48B3CFD3223B0" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFD6FFE85AE48B3CFA3C247F" box="[904,1447,859,883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD6FFE85AE48B3CFA3C247F" blockId="8.[879,1473,859,919]" box="[904,1447,859,883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<heading id="6142D321FFD6FFE85AE48B3CFA3C247F" allCaps="true" box="[904,1447,859,883]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD6FFE85AE48B3CFA3C247F" authority="(BROTZEN, 1934)" baseAuthorityName="BROTZEN" baseAuthorityYear="1934" box="[904,1447,859,883]" family="Poracanthodidae" genus="Radioporacanthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ischnacantiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosus">
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<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD6FFE85AE48B3CFB7A247E" box="[904,1249,859,882]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">RADIOPORACANTHODES POROSUS</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD6FFE85D9D8B3CFA06247F" author="Brotzen, F." box="[1265,1437,859,883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref22272" refString="Brotzen, F. 1934. Erster Nachweis von Unterdevon im Ostseegebiete durch Konglomeratgeschiebe mit Fischresten. Zweiter Teil (Palaontologie). Zeitschrift fur Geschiebeforschung 10: 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1934">BROTZEN, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFD6FFE85A038B1BFA5A249B" box="[879,1473,892,919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD6FFE85A038B1BFA5A249B" blockId="8.[879,1473,859,919]" box="[879,1473,892,919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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(
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<figureCitation id="A28E78C8FFD6FFE85A148B1BFC4E249B" box="[888,981,892,919]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[112,191,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[285,1346,192,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-320@7.[285,1346,192,1501]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Poracanthodid acanthodian scales from Upper Silurian levels of the Birch Creek II section, SEM images. A–G. Poracanthodes punctatus: A, B. UCR 930-2 (level 395') in lateral and posterobasal views; C. UCR 930-6 (level 395') in posterobasal view; D, E. UCR 930-5 (level 395') in crown and posterocrown views; F, G. UCR 930-1 (level 395') in lateral and basal views. H–P,?Q–V. Poracanthodes canadensis: H, I. UCR 930-4 (level 395') in crown view; J, K. UCR 10746-6 (level 430.5') in crown view plus closeup of crown pores; L–N. UCR 10750-6 (level 456.5') in anterior and crown views, and closeup of pores near hyphal borings; O. UCR10746-5 (level 430.5') in laterocrown view; P. UCR 540-1 (level 510’) in crown view (from Supplement 1, fig. 17); Q–S. UCR 10768-3 (level 518.3') in crown, anterocrown views, and closeup of posterior crown surface; T. UCR 930-8 (level 395'), horizontal thin section through crown; U,V. UCR 10746-12 (level 430.5'), vertical thin section through anterior half of crown; W–BB. Radioporacanthodes porosus: W, X. UCR 10750-7 (level 456.5') in crown and anterocrown views; Y, Z. UCR 10746-4 (level 430.5') in anterocrown and lateral views; AA. UCR 10746-9 (level 430.5') in crown view; BB. UCR 10750-11 (level 456.5'), horizontal thin section through crown, showing two radial pore canals, viewed with Nomarski optics. CC–EE. Radioporacanthodes scheii: CC. UCR 10750-5 (level 456.5') in crown view; DD, EE. UCR 10750- 1 (level 456.5') in crown view plus closeup of pores and hyphal borings. Abbreviations: arc=arcade canals; b=scale base; c=scale crown; h=hyphal borings; n=neck; p=pore; pc=pore canal; pco=pore canal opening under posterior crown; pr=pore canal opening row on crown surface; rc=radial canal. Scale bars=0.1 mm, anterior of scale is to left or down, otherwise arrows point to anterior. See Table 1 for meterage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913563/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2W</figureCitation>
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–AA,?2BB;
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<tableCitation id="773751F6FFD6FFE85D098B1BFB24249B" box="[1125,1215,892,919]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[112,179,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[120,1534,204,1847]" captionTargetId="graphics-72@5.[112,1519,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Distribution of vertebrate and agnathan remains in the Birch Creek Section BCII, northern Roberts Mts. (Přidolí- Lochkovian; bold line indicates probable S/D boundary). Vertebrates are to the left above the upper horizontal line and agnathans are to the right. RP indicates Ross Parke samples. Number of elements: x 1-10, xx 11-50, xxx 51-100, xxxx>100." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6ECA34C5FFDBFFE5591C8F2AFA2520A9" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" tableUuid="6ECA34C5FFDBFFE5591C8F2AFA2520A9">Table 1</tableCitation>
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; Suppl. 1, figs. 3–13)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFD6FFE85A0C8BA6FA7824D1" box="[864,1507,961,989]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD6FFE85A0C8BA6FA7824D1" blockId="8.[864,1507,961,989]" box="[864,1507,961,989]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD6FFE85A0C8BA6FAB724D1" authority="Brotzen 1934" authorityName="Brotzen" authorityYear="1934" box="[864,1324,961,989]" family="Poracanthodidae" genus="Poracanthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ischnacantiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosus">
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<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD6FFE85A0C8BA6FBE024D1" box="[864,1147,961,989]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Poracanthodes porosus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD6FFE85DEE8BA4FAB724D1" author="Brotzen, F." box="[1154,1324,963,989]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref22272" refString="Brotzen, F. 1934. Erster Nachweis von Unterdevon im Ostseegebiete durch Konglomeratgeschiebe mit Fischresten. Zweiter Teil (Palaontologie). Zeitschrift fur Geschiebeforschung 10: 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1934">Brotzen 1934</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, 44, pl. 3 fig. 2.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFD6FFE85A0C8C6EFAA92328" box="[864,1330,1033,1060]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD6FFE85A0C8C6EFAA92328" blockId="8.[832,1521,1033,1940]" box="[864,1330,1033,1060]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD6FFE85A0C8C6EFC78232F" bold="true" box="[864,995,1033,1059]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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—see
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<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD6FFE85D5C8C6DFAB62328" author="Vergoossen, J. M. J." box="[1072,1325,1033,1060]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="231 - 251" refId="ref26647" refString="Vergoossen, J. M. J. 1999 a. Late Silurian fish microfossils from an East Baltic-derived erratic from Oosterhaule, with a description of new acanthodian taxa. Geologie en Minjbouw 78: 231 - 251." type="journal article" year="1999">Vergoossen (1999a)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFD6FFE85A0C8C4AFC5222AA" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD6FFE85A0C8C4AFB2323BD" blockId="8.[832,1521,1033,1940]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD6FFE85A0C8C4AFBB3234A" bold="true" box="[864,1064,1068,1095]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Type material</emphasis>
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—The
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<typeStatus id="E50EDAEFFFD6FFE85DEC8C4BFB6F234A" box="[1152,1268,1068,1094]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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scale MB.f.11989a (
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<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD6FFE85A278C37FC6C2366" author="Brotzen, F." box="[843,1015,1104,1130]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref22272" refString="Brotzen, F. 1934. Erster Nachweis von Unterdevon im Ostseegebiete durch Konglomeratgeschiebe mit Fischresten. Zweiter Teil (Palaontologie). Zeitschrift fur Geschiebeforschung 10: 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1934">Brotzen 1934</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 3 fig. 2,
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<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD6FFE85DE18C37FA872366" author="Gross, W." box="[1165,1308,1104,1130]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="91 - 161" refId="ref23372" refString="Gross, W. 1947. Die Agnathen und Acanthodier des obersilurischen Beyrichienkalks. Palaeontographica Abt. A 96: 91 - 161." type="journal article" year="1947">Gross 1947</bibRefCitation>
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, text-fig. 11M) is from an erratic limestone boulder in northern
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<collectingCountry id="42A224DDFFD6FFE85C128C14FA6B2381" box="[1406,1520,1139,1165]" name="Germany" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Germany</collectingCountry>
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(Early Devonian, Lochkovian).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD6FFE85A0C8CDEFC5222AA" blockId="8.[832,1521,1033,1940]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD6FFE85A0C8CDEFBF223DF" bold="true" box="[864,1129,1209,1235]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Referred specimens</emphasis>
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—Scales probably occur at most levels from 395.01′–491.3’=M48A (
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<quantity id="FD4DC9A8FFD6FFE85D838CBAFA3523FB" box="[1263,1454,1245,1271]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3505" metricValueMax="1.4969999999999999" metricValueMin="1.204" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="135.05" valueMax="149.7" valueMin="120.4">120.4–149.7 m</quantity>
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), and possibly up to 510.90′ (
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<quantity id="FD4DC9A8FFD6FFE85D188C98FB782216" box="[1140,1251,1279,1306]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.557" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="155.7">155.7 m</quantity>
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) in the BC II section (
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<tableCitation id="773751F6FFD6FFE85A248D44FC3E2231" box="[840,933,1315,1341]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[112,179,1869,1893]" captionTargetBox="[120,1534,204,1847]" captionTargetId="graphics-72@5.[112,1519,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. Distribution of vertebrate and agnathan remains in the Birch Creek Section BCII, northern Roberts Mts. (Přidolí- Lochkovian; bold line indicates probable S/D boundary). Vertebrates are to the left above the upper horizontal line and agnathans are to the right. RP indicates Ross Parke samples. Number of elements: x 1-10, xx 11-50, xxx 51-100, xxxx>100." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6ECA34C5FFDBFFE5591C8F2AFA2520A9" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" tableUuid="6ECA34C5FFDBFFE5591C8F2AFA2520A9">Table 1</tableCitation>
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), and include UCR 10750-7 (456.5’=
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<quantity id="FD4DC9A8FFD6FFE85C148D44FA7A2231" box="[1400,1505,1315,1342]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.391" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="139.1">139.1 m</quantity>
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), UCR 10746-3, -4, -9 (430.5’=
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<quantity id="FD4DC9A8FFD6FFE85DC58D21FA8F226D" box="[1193,1300,1350,1377]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3119999999999998" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="131.2">131.2 m</quantity>
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) and thin section UCR 10750-11 (456.5’=
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<quantity id="FD4DC9A8FFD6FFE85D1F8D0EFB782288" box="[1139,1251,1385,1412]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.391" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="139.1">139.1 m</quantity>
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): Roberts Mountains Formation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="72AF37C6FFD6FFE95A0C8DC8FD3223B0" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD6FFE95A0C8DC8FD542625" blockId="8.[832,1521,1033,1940]" lastBlockId="9.[112,801,200,1212]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD6FFE85A0C8DC8FC6522C5" bold="true" box="[864,1022,1455,1481]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Description</emphasis>
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—The most common scale form of this species in the BC II section has a flat relatively smooth crown with a shallow median sulcus and up to six low weak ridges on the anterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A28E78C8FFD6FFE85C638E7EFA08213F" box="[1295,1427,1561,1587]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[112,191,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[285,1346,192,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-320@7.[285,1346,192,1501]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Poracanthodid acanthodian scales from Upper Silurian levels of the Birch Creek II section, SEM images. A–G. Poracanthodes punctatus: A, B. UCR 930-2 (level 395') in lateral and posterobasal views; C. UCR 930-6 (level 395') in posterobasal view; D, E. UCR 930-5 (level 395') in crown and posterocrown views; F, G. UCR 930-1 (level 395') in lateral and basal views. H–P,?Q–V. Poracanthodes canadensis: H, I. UCR 930-4 (level 395') in crown view; J, K. UCR 10746-6 (level 430.5') in crown view plus closeup of crown pores; L–N. UCR 10750-6 (level 456.5') in anterior and crown views, and closeup of pores near hyphal borings; O. UCR10746-5 (level 430.5') in laterocrown view; P. UCR 540-1 (level 510’) in crown view (from Supplement 1, fig. 17); Q–S. UCR 10768-3 (level 518.3') in crown, anterocrown views, and closeup of posterior crown surface; T. UCR 930-8 (level 395'), horizontal thin section through crown; U,V. UCR 10746-12 (level 430.5'), vertical thin section through anterior half of crown; W–BB. Radioporacanthodes porosus: W, X. UCR 10750-7 (level 456.5') in crown and anterocrown views; Y, Z. UCR 10746-4 (level 430.5') in anterocrown and lateral views; AA. UCR 10746-9 (level 430.5') in crown view; BB. UCR 10750-11 (level 456.5'), horizontal thin section through crown, showing two radial pore canals, viewed with Nomarski optics. CC–EE. Radioporacanthodes scheii: CC. UCR 10750-5 (level 456.5') in crown view; DD, EE. UCR 10750- 1 (level 456.5') in crown view plus closeup of pores and hyphal borings. Abbreviations: arc=arcade canals; b=scale base; c=scale crown; h=hyphal borings; n=neck; p=pore; pc=pore canal; pco=pore canal opening under posterior crown; pr=pore canal opening row on crown surface; rc=radial canal. Scale bars=0.1 mm, anterior of scale is to left or down, otherwise arrows point to anterior. See Table 1 for meterage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913563/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2W–Y</figureCitation>
|
||
). These scales are smaller on average than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD6FFE85C358E5CFCF32176" authorityName="BROTZEN" authorityYear="1934" family="Poracanthodidae" genus="Poracanthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD6FFE85C358E5CFCF32176" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Poracanthodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, being less than
|
||
<quantity id="FD4DC9A8FFD6FFE85D408E07FB1C2176" box="[1068,1159,1632,1658]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and long. Pore openings in the posterior half of the crown surface are round, or short slits, and arranged in two or four subparallel rows leading back from the widest area of the crown to its posterolateral edges, although on most scales the posterior end of the crown has broken off (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A28E78C8FFD6FFE85DAB8F77FA822026" box="[1223,1305,1808,1834]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[112,191,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[285,1346,192,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-320@7.[285,1346,192,1501]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Poracanthodid acanthodian scales from Upper Silurian levels of the Birch Creek II section, SEM images. A–G. Poracanthodes punctatus: A, B. UCR 930-2 (level 395') in lateral and posterobasal views; C. UCR 930-6 (level 395') in posterobasal view; D, E. UCR 930-5 (level 395') in crown and posterocrown views; F, G. UCR 930-1 (level 395') in lateral and basal views. H–P,?Q–V. Poracanthodes canadensis: H, I. UCR 930-4 (level 395') in crown view; J, K. UCR 10746-6 (level 430.5') in crown view plus closeup of crown pores; L–N. UCR 10750-6 (level 456.5') in anterior and crown views, and closeup of pores near hyphal borings; O. UCR10746-5 (level 430.5') in laterocrown view; P. UCR 540-1 (level 510’) in crown view (from Supplement 1, fig. 17); Q–S. UCR 10768-3 (level 518.3') in crown, anterocrown views, and closeup of posterior crown surface; T. UCR 930-8 (level 395'), horizontal thin section through crown; U,V. UCR 10746-12 (level 430.5'), vertical thin section through anterior half of crown; W–BB. Radioporacanthodes porosus: W, X. UCR 10750-7 (level 456.5') in crown and anterocrown views; Y, Z. UCR 10746-4 (level 430.5') in anterocrown and lateral views; AA. UCR 10746-9 (level 430.5') in crown view; BB. UCR 10750-11 (level 456.5'), horizontal thin section through crown, showing two radial pore canals, viewed with Nomarski optics. CC–EE. Radioporacanthodes scheii: CC. UCR 10750-5 (level 456.5') in crown view; DD, EE. UCR 10750- 1 (level 456.5') in crown view plus closeup of pores and hyphal borings. Abbreviations: arc=arcade canals; b=scale base; c=scale crown; h=hyphal borings; n=neck; p=pore; pc=pore canal; pco=pore canal opening under posterior crown; pr=pore canal opening row on crown surface; rc=radial canal. Scale bars=0.1 mm, anterior of scale is to left or down, otherwise arrows point to anterior. See Table 1 for meterage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913563/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2Y</figureCitation>
|
||
, BB). A horizontal thin section of the crown of one of the smaller scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A28E78C8FFD6FFE85CAE8F54FCD6207C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[112,191,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[285,1346,192,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-320@7.[285,1346,192,1501]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Poracanthodid acanthodian scales from Upper Silurian levels of the Birch Creek II section, SEM images. A–G. Poracanthodes punctatus: A, B. UCR 930-2 (level 395') in lateral and posterobasal views; C. UCR 930-6 (level 395') in posterobasal view; D, E. UCR 930-5 (level 395') in crown and posterocrown views; F, G. UCR 930-1 (level 395') in lateral and basal views. H–P,?Q–V. Poracanthodes canadensis: H, I. UCR 930-4 (level 395') in crown view; J, K. UCR 10746-6 (level 430.5') in crown view plus closeup of crown pores; L–N. UCR 10750-6 (level 456.5') in anterior and crown views, and closeup of pores near hyphal borings; O. UCR10746-5 (level 430.5') in laterocrown view; P. UCR 540-1 (level 510’) in crown view (from Supplement 1, fig. 17); Q–S. UCR 10768-3 (level 518.3') in crown, anterocrown views, and closeup of posterior crown surface; T. UCR 930-8 (level 395'), horizontal thin section through crown; U,V. UCR 10746-12 (level 430.5'), vertical thin section through anterior half of crown; W–BB. Radioporacanthodes porosus: W, X. UCR 10750-7 (level 456.5') in crown and anterocrown views; Y, Z. UCR 10746-4 (level 430.5') in anterocrown and lateral views; AA. UCR 10746-9 (level 430.5') in crown view; BB. UCR 10750-11 (level 456.5'), horizontal thin section through crown, showing two radial pore canals, viewed with Nomarski optics. CC–EE. Radioporacanthodes scheii: CC. UCR 10750-5 (level 456.5') in crown view; DD, EE. UCR 10750- 1 (level 456.5') in crown view plus closeup of pores and hyphal borings. Abbreviations: arc=arcade canals; b=scale base; c=scale crown; h=hyphal borings; n=neck; p=pore; pc=pore canal; pco=pore canal opening under posterior crown; pr=pore canal opening row on crown surface; rc=radial canal. Scale bars=0.1 mm, anterior of scale is to left or down, otherwise arrows point to anterior. See Table 1 for meterage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913563/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
AA) shows two radial canals of the pore canal system, without any interconnecting arcade canals. The posterior crown is missing on one scale (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A28E78C8FFD7FFE9588E88AFFDBE27EE" box="[482,549,200,226]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[112,191,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[285,1346,192,1501]" captionTargetId="figure-320@7.[285,1346,192,1501]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Poracanthodid acanthodian scales from Upper Silurian levels of the Birch Creek II section, SEM images. A–G. Poracanthodes punctatus: A, B. UCR 930-2 (level 395') in lateral and posterobasal views; C. UCR 930-6 (level 395') in posterobasal view; D, E. UCR 930-5 (level 395') in crown and posterocrown views; F, G. UCR 930-1 (level 395') in lateral and basal views. H–P,?Q–V. Poracanthodes canadensis: H, I. UCR 930-4 (level 395') in crown view; J, K. UCR 10746-6 (level 430.5') in crown view plus closeup of crown pores; L–N. UCR 10750-6 (level 456.5') in anterior and crown views, and closeup of pores near hyphal borings; O. UCR10746-5 (level 430.5') in laterocrown view; P. UCR 540-1 (level 510’) in crown view (from Supplement 1, fig. 17); Q–S. UCR 10768-3 (level 518.3') in crown, anterocrown views, and closeup of posterior crown surface; T. UCR 930-8 (level 395'), horizontal thin section through crown; U,V. UCR 10746-12 (level 430.5'), vertical thin section through anterior half of crown; W–BB. Radioporacanthodes porosus: W, X. UCR 10750-7 (level 456.5') in crown and anterocrown views; Y, Z. UCR 10746-4 (level 430.5') in anterocrown and lateral views; AA. UCR 10746-9 (level 430.5') in crown view; BB. UCR 10750-11 (level 456.5'), horizontal thin section through crown, showing two radial pore canals, viewed with Nomarski optics. CC–EE. Radioporacanthodes scheii: CC. UCR 10750-5 (level 456.5') in crown view; DD, EE. UCR 10750- 1 (level 456.5') in crown view plus closeup of pores and hyphal borings. Abbreviations: arc=arcade canals; b=scale base; c=scale crown; h=hyphal borings; n=neck; p=pore; pc=pore canal; pco=pore canal opening under posterior crown; pr=pore canal opening row on crown surface; rc=radial canal. Scale bars=0.1 mm, anterior of scale is to left or down, otherwise arrows point to anterior. See Table 1 for meterage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10913563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10913563/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
BB), but the anterior crown and exposed canals in the posterior fracture surface indicate that this is also probably
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD7FFE95B20896AFD522625" authorityName="Brotzen" authorityYear="1934" box="[588,713,269,297]" family="Poracanthodidae" genus="Poracanthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE95B20896AFD522625" box="[588,713,269,297]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">R. porosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A0A644DFFD7FFE959FC8955FD3223B0" blockId="9.[112,801,200,1212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE959FC8955FEA82640" bold="true" box="[144,307,306,332]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Comparison</emphasis>
|
||
—Scales of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD7FFE958AC8957FCBB2640" box="[448,800,304,332]" genus="Radioporacanthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE958AC8957FCBB2640" box="[448,800,304,332]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Radioporacanthodes porosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="13F20524FFD7FFE9591C8931FE8A2663" box="[112,273,341,368]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(i.e. conforming to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E50EDAEFFFD7FFE95B558931FDEB267C" box="[569,624,342,368]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD7FFE9591C891EFE81269E" author="Brotzen, F." box="[112,282,376,403]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref22272" refString="Brotzen, F. 1934. Erster Nachweis von Unterdevon im Ostseegebiete durch Konglomeratgeschiebe mit Fischresten. Zweiter Teil (Palaontologie). Zeitschrift fur Geschiebeforschung 10: 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1934">Brotzen 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 3.2) can be distinguished morphologically from other poracanthodid taxa by their median sulcus on the anterior rim of the crown, their lack of, or only weakly developed, anterior crown ridges, and the subparallel to radial alignment of large pores or small slits on the posterior half of the crown. The taxon is widely distributed, being recorded in the Lower Devonian erratic boulders of the north German lowlands, Přidolí–Emsian of the Baltic countries (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD7FFE958BC8AF5FD2725A0" author="Valiukevicius, J. J." box="[464,700,658,684]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="271 - 289" refId="ref26330" refString="Valiukevicius, J. J. 2000. Acanthodian biostratigraphy and interrregional correlations of the Devonian of the Baltic States, Belarus, Ukraine and Russia. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 223: 271 - 289." type="journal article" year="2000">Valiukevičius 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), upper Přidolí–lowermost Lochkovian of the Welsh Borderlands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD7FFE959178ABEFEC225FE" author="Vergoossen, J. M. J." box="[123,345,728,755]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="175 - 199" refId="ref26756" refString="Vergoossen, J. M. J. 2000. Acanthodian and chondrichthyan microremains in the Siluro - Devonian of the Welsh Borderland, Great Britain, and their biostratigraphical potential. Courier Forschingsinstitut Senckenberg 223: 175 - 199." type="journal article" year="2000">Vergoossen 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 3.28, 3.29,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD7FFE95B4D8ABEFC9425FE" author="Turner, S. & C. J. Burrow & R. B. Williams & P. Tarrant" box="[545,783,728,755]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="460 - 479" refId="ref26119" refString="Turner, S., C. J. Burrow, R. B. Williams, and P. Tarrant. 2017. Welsh Borderland bouillabaisse: Lower Old Red Sandstone fish microfossils and their significance. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 128 (3): 460 - 479. doi: 10.1016 / j. pgeola. 2017.04.006" type="journal article" year="2017">Turner et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Lochkovian Cookeys Plains Formation,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F871AAAFFFD7FFE95B2B8A9BFC872419" box="[583,796,763,790]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42A224DDFFD7FFE9591C8B78FF7A2435" box="[112,225,799,825]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD7FFE9599F8B78FE312435" author="Burrow, C. J." box="[243,426,799,825]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="273 - 288" refId="ref22437" refString="Burrow, C. J. 2003 b. Earliest Devonian gnathostome microremains from central New South Wales (Australia). Geodiversitas 25 (2): 273 - 288." type="journal article" year="2003">Burrow 2003b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Lochkovian Borschchov and Ivane Regional Stages,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42A224DDFFD7FFE958EA8B25FE722450" box="[390,489,834,860]" name="Ukraine" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD7FFE958968B25FDEE2450" author="Plax, D. P." box="[506,629,834,860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="12 - 21" refId="ref25333" refString="Plax, D. P. 2011. Devonian ichthyofauna of the Volyn Monocline. Lithosphera 35 (2): 12 - 21." type="journal article" year="2011">Plax 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and possibly the lowermost Devonian of Tewo and Zoige counties, West Qinling Mountains,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="42A224DDFFD7FFE958DD8BEFFE6224AE" box="[433,505,904,930]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD7FFE95B618BEEFD7C24AE" author="Wang, N. Z. & J. Q. Wang & G. R. Zhang & S. T. Wang" box="[525,743,904,931]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="268 - 281" refId="ref26991" refString="Wang, N. Z., J. Q. Wang, G. R. Zhang, and S. T. Wang. 1998. The first discovery of Silurian and Early Devonian acanthodians from Zoige and Tewo counties, West Qinling Mountains. Vertebrata Palasiatica 36: 268 - 281." type="journal article" year="1998">Wang et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD7FFE95B948BE0FE9C24CA" authorityName="BROTZEN" authorityYear="1934" family="Poracanthodidae" genus="Poracanthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE95B948BE0FE9C24CA" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Poracanthodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD7FFE9585C8BCDFE3324CA" box="[304,424,938,966]" genus="Radioporacanthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE9585C8BCDFE3324CA" box="[304,424,938,966]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">P. porosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD7FFE958888BCDFC9524C4" box="[484,782,938,968]" family="Poracanthodidae" genus="Poracanthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zoigensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE958888BCDFC9524C4" box="[484,782,938,968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Poracanthodes zoigensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The scale varieties with much more ornate crowns from the Baltic and central Urals that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD7FFE958948B95FD0D2300" author="Marss, T." box="[504,662,1010,1036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref24338" refString="Marss, T. 1986. Silurian vertebrates of Estonia and West Latvia. Valgus, Tallinn. 104 pp. (In Russian)." type="book" year="1986">Märss (1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD7FFE95BCC8B95FD7A2300" author="Marss, T." box="[672,737,1010,1036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="17 - 41" refId="ref24364" refString="Marss, T. 1997. Vertebrates of the Pridoli and Silurian-Devonian boundary beds in Europe. Modern Geology 21: 17 - 41." type="journal article" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD7FFE9591C8C72FEEA233C" author="Valiukevicius, J. J." box="[112,369,1045,1072]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref26296" refString="Valiukevicius, J. J. 1998. Acanthodians and zonal stratig- raphy of Lower and Middle Devonian in East Baltic and Byelorussia. Palaeontographica Abt. A 248: 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1998">Valiukevičius (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD7FFE95B6A8C73FCBB233C" authorityName="Brotzen" authorityYear="1934" box="[518,800,1044,1072]" family="Poracanthodidae" genus="Poracanthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE95B6A8C73FCBB233C" box="[518,800,1044,1072]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Poracanthodes porosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have subsequently been reassigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD7FFE95B328C50FC8F235F" authorityName="BROTZEN" authorityYear="1934" box="[606,788,1079,1107]" family="Poracanthodidae" genus="Poracanthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE95B328C50FC8F235F" box="[606,788,1079,1107]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Poracanthodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE9591C8C3DFF48237A" box="[112,211,1114,1142]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">lehmani</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD7FFE959B08C3BFE47237A" author="Vergoossen, J. M. J." box="[220,476,1115,1142]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="267 - 280" refId="ref26687" refString="Vergoossen, J. M. J. 1999 b. Late Silurian fish microfossils from Helvetsgraven, Skane, Sweden. Geologie and Mijnbouw 78: 267 - 280." type="journal article" year="1999">Vergoossen (1999b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDB51FCEFFD7FFE95B488C3DFE0E2395" authority="(Lehman 1937)" baseAuthorityName="Lehman" baseAuthorityYear="1937" genus="Radioporacanthodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biblicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="08C1B85FFFD7FFE95B488C3DFF552395" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Radioporacanthodes biblicus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD7FFE959B28C18FE112395" author="Lehman, J. P." box="[222,394,1151,1177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" refId="ref24266" refString="Lehman, J. P. 1937. Les Poissons du Downtonien de la Scanie (Suede). These, Universite de Paris 664, Rennes. 98 pp." type="book" year="1937">Lehman 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5E2419BCFFD7FFE958D18C18FD222395" author="Vergoossen, J. M. J." box="[445,697,1151,1177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="41 - 69" refId="ref26797" refString="Vergoossen, J. M. J. 2002 a. Late Silurian fish microfossils from Ramsasa, Locality H, Scania, south Sweden, with some remarks on the body zonation scheme used in thelodont studies. Scripta Geologica 123: 41 - 69." type="journal article" year="2002">Vergoossen (2002a)</bibRefCitation>
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; neither of these species are found in the BC II section.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |