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<document id="D6ED09A906238E3F3DDB4F447FDB1DEE" ID-CLB-Dataset="45772" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.279426" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a38a17de-34b0-47b8-893f-1488915b8b04" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="279426" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460420156292" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Baldwin, Carole C., Brito, Balam J., Smith, David G., Weigt, Lee A. &amp; Escobar-Briones, Elva" docDate="2011" docId="DA2C87A6FFB1FFBCFF69962946C5F84C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03133p036.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3133" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Apogon quadrisquamatus Longley" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="2615FFDEFFA7FFAAFFFE93704237FFFC" masterDocTitle="Identification of early life-history stages of Caribbean Apogon (Perciformes: Apogonidae) through DNA Barcoding" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1698329647009" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1F2D186DB9C3E654556805518B0E5E8D">Identification of early life-history stages of Caribbean Apogon (Perciformes: Apogonidae) through DNA Barcoding</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AAF7FF55070A068E61C08CC1BD8EB6B2">Baldwin, Carole C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="70FD99E40C471AE1BA4288E23A92DAB7">Brito, Balam J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="20CADB01B60BA88E2C3FF0D643D0380A">Smith, David G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="63F0C5069AD634AA179EC9750F15F4FB">Weigt, Lee A.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="DA2C87A6FFB1FFBCFF69962946C5F84C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5659171" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119426644" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5659171" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA2C87A6FFB1FFBCFF69962946C5F84C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA2C87A6FFB1FFBCFF69962946C5F84C" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<paragraph id="523A36B0FFB1FFBCFF699629400CFA8E" blockId="22.[151,571,1368,1428]" box="[151,571,1368,1395]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="097281DCFFB1FFBCFF699629400CFA8E" bold="true" box="[151,571,1368,1395]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB1FFBCFF699629400CFA8E" ID-CoL="FSKD" authority="Longley" authorityName="Longley" box="[151,571,1368,1395]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrisquamatus">
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB1FFBCFF699629400CFA8E" bold="true" box="[151,571,1368,1395]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB1FFBCFF69962943F8FA8F" bold="true" box="[151,463,1369,1395]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Apogon quadrisquamatus</emphasis>
Longley
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="523A36B0FFB1FFBCFF69960B433BFA68" blockId="22.[151,571,1368,1428]" box="[151,268,1403,1428]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Lineage A</paragraph>
<paragraph id="523A36B0FFB1FFBCFF6996B346C5F84C" blockId="22.[151,1436,1475,1968]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB1FFBCFF6996B34377FA20" bold="true" box="[151,320,1475,1500]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Identification.</emphasis>
A single adult specimen from
<collectingCountry id="2A927620FFB1FFBCFD5E96B340DFFA27" box="[672,744,1475,1499]" name="Belize" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Belize</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="CABE2A35FFB1FFBCFD0696B3417CFA27" box="[760,843,1475,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="23.[151,250,672,695]" captionTargetBox="[216,1366,156,632]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[182,1404,133,651]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 28. Apogon quadrisquamatus Lineage A, adult, 21.0 mm SL, DNA # BLZ 8291, photograph by C. Baldwin" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/279453/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
) constitutes the genetic lineage herein referred to as
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB1FFBCFF6996984076F9FC" authority="Lineage A." authorityName="Lineage A." box="[151,577,1511,1536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrisquamatus">
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB1FFBCFF699698438DF9FC" box="[151,442,1512,1536]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Apogon quadrisquamatus</emphasis>
Lineage A.
</taxonomicName>
Adult
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB1FFBCFD6D96984141F9FC" box="[659,886,1512,1536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrisquamatus">
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB1FFBCFD6D96984141F9FC" box="[659,886,1512,1536]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. quadrisquamatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from other
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB1FFBCFB0A9698477CF9FC" box="[1268,1355,1512,1536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB1FFBCFB0A9698477CF9FC" box="[1268,1355,1512,1536]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Apogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the combination of eight segmented anal-fin rays; lateral-line and body scales of similar size; no dark marking or bar beneath the second dorsal fin; caudal-peduncle spot small, circular, of varying intensity, and usually restricted to middle of caudal peduncle; and 1214, modally 13, gill rakers on the lower limb of the first arch, (
<bibRefCitation id="36144B41FFB1FFBCFB1F952342CFF973" author="Bohlke" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Bohlke, J. E. &amp; Chaplin, C. C. G. (1993) Fishes of the Bahamas and Adjacent Tropical Waters. Second Edition. University of Texas Press, Austin, 771 pp." type="book" year="1993">Böhlke &amp; Chaplin 1993</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="36144B41FFB1FFBCFEFA9507434AF973" author="Dale" box="[260,381,1655,1679]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Dale, G. (1977) Apogon mosavi, a new Western Atlantic cardinalfish, and a note on the occurrence of Apogon leptocaulus in the Bahamas. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 90, 19 - 29." type="journal article" year="1977">Dale 1977</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="36144B41FFB1FFBCFE77950743C8F973" author="Gon" box="[393,511,1655,1679]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Gon, O. (2002) Apogonidae. In: Carpenter, K. (Ed.) The living marine resources of the Western Central North Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine mammals. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes and American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 5, Rome, pp. 1386 - 1391." type="book chapter" year="2002">Gon 2002</bibRefCitation>
). The adult specimen in this lineage keys to
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB1FFBCFC0295084729F96C" box="[1020,1310,1656,1680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrisquamatus">
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB1FFBCFC0295084729F96C" box="[1020,1310,1656,1680]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Apogon quadrisquamatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is distinct from
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB1FFBCFEF295EC434CF948" box="[268,379,1692,1716]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosavi">
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB1FFBCFEF295EC434CF948" box="[268,379,1692,1716]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. mosavi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB1FFBCFE4F95EC403FF948" box="[433,520,1692,1716]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB1FFBCFE4F95EC403FF948" box="[433,520,1692,1716]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Apogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
<quantity id="957D9B55FFB1FFBCFDC895EB4057F94F" box="[566,608,1691,1715]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
having a circular blotch of melanophores in the center of the peduncle vs. a rectangular bar (
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB1FFBCFE9C95B043E7F924" box="[354,464,1728,1752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosavi">
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB1FFBCFE9C95B043E7F924" box="[354,464,1728,1752]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. mosavi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or very diffuse oval (
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB1FFBCFD3595B04115F924" box="[715,802,1728,1752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB1FFBCFD3595B04115F924" box="[715,802,1728,1752]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Apogon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 2) of melanophores.
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB1FFBCFBCB95B046ECF924" box="[1077,1243,1728,1752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robbyi">
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB1FFBCFBCB95B046ECF924" box="[1077,1243,1728,1752]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Apogon robbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a similar circular, basicaudal blotch, but that species is distinctive in having dusky stripes on the trunk.
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB1FFBCFB6D95944300F8DC" authority="Lineage A" authorityName="Lineage A" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrisquamatus">
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB1FFBCFB6D9594428FF8DC" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Apogon quadrisquamatus</emphasis>
Lineage A
</taxonomicName>
is further distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB1FFBCFD72947840CBF8DC" box="[652,764,1800,1824]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosavi">
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB1FFBCFD72947840CBF8DC" box="[652,764,1800,1824]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. mosavi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having 12 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first arch (possibly a rudiment is forming), vs.
<quantity id="957D9B55FFB1FFBCFDC5945B40A8F8BF" box="[571,671,1835,1859]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.683" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="3.556" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="in" value="14.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="14.0">1415 in</quantity>
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB1FFBCFD58945C412AF8B8" box="[678,797,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB1FFBCFD58945C412EF8B8" box="[678,793,1836,1860]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mosavi">A. mosavi</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The body is mostly orange, and the median fins are yellow. Additional material and further study are needed to determine if this lineage and
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB1FFBCFBA79420429DF877" authority="Lineage B" authorityName="Lineage B" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrisquamatus">
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB1FFBCFBA79420470DF894" box="[1113,1338,1872,1896]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. quadrisquamatus</emphasis>
Lineage B
</taxonomicName>
(see next section) are morphologically distinct, and, if so, which one represents
<taxonomicName id="95854D33FFB1FFBCFBAF940442E5F84C" authority="Longley 1934" authorityName="Longley" authorityYear="1934" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrisquamatus">
<emphasis id="60F1EAA2FFB1FFBCFBAF94044703F870" box="[1105,1332,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. quadrisquamatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="36144B41FFB1FFBCFAC0940342E5F84C" author="Longley" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Longley, W. H. (1934) Studies on West Indian fishes: description of six new species. Carnegie Institution of Washington Year Book, 33, 257 - 260." type="journal article" year="1934">Longley 1934</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. No larvae or juveniles match the single adult specimen of this lineage in our genetic analysis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>