474 lines
38 KiB
XML
474 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.165.56955" ID-GBIF-Dataset="33145258-0689-49d6-81c9-af69132dd2d5" ID-PMC="PMC7642153" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-165-51" ID-Pensoft-UUID="79DDDB747D2A50DFA0A5E684CB1C262D" ID-PubMed="33192145" ModsDocID="1314-2003-165-51" checkinTime="1603924945045" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Syahida-Emiza, Suhaimi, Sam, Yen Yen & Siti-Munirah, Mat Yunoh" docDate="2020" docId="798D622B7AF85A2FAA1F3FB5BC3A1AD4" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 165: 51-62" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 165" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.165.56955" docTitle="Codonoboea kenaboiensis Syahida-Emiza, Y. Y. Sam & Siti-Munirah 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="79DDDB747D2A50DFA0A5E684CB1C262D" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="79DDDB747D2A50DFA0A5E684CB1C262D" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) from Kenaboi State Park, Peninsular Malaysia" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1668140104672" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new species of Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) from Kenaboi State Park, Peninsular Malaysia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Syahida-Emiza, Suhaimi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">syahida@frim.gov.my</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sam, Yen Yen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Siti-Munirah, Mat Yunoh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>165</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>51</mods:start>
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<mods:end>62</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.165.56955</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.165.56955</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-165-51</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">79DDDB747D2A50DFA0A5E684CB1C262D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168653196" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:798D622B7AF85A2FAA1F3FB5BC3A1AD4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/798D622B7AF85A2FAA1F3FB5BC3A1AD4" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName LSID="798D622B-7AF8-5A2F-AA1F-3FB5BC3A1AD4" authority="Syahida-Emiza, Y. Y. Sam & Siti-Munirah" authorityName="Syahida-Emiza, Y. Y. Sam & Siti-Munirah" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Codonoboea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Codonoboea kenaboiensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis" status="sp. nov.">Codonoboea kenaboiensis Syahida-Emiza, Y.Y.Sam & Siti-Munirah</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="51">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 1. Illustration of Codonoboea kenaboiensis Syahida-Emiza, Y. Y. Sam & Siti-Munirah, sp. nov. A habit B leaf section show midrib and reticulate vein C inflorescence D flower opened to show position of stamens E calyx with pistil F nectary annular G stigma H stamens I fruit (All from FRI 87630, drawn by Mohamad Aidil Noordin)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.165.56955.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/468464" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 2. Codonoboea kenaboiensis Syahida-Emiza, Y. Y. Sam & Siti-Munirah, sp. nov. A, B habitat C, D habit E fruits F flowers G corolla lobes (front view)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.165.56955.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/468465" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">, 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Map 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Map 1. Distribution of Codonoboea kenaboiensis (circle) and Codonoboea ruthiae (triangle) in Peninsular Malaysia." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.165.56955.map1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/468466" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">, Map 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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Similar to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kiew" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Codonoboea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Codonoboea rheophytica" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rheophytica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Codonoboea rheophytica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Kiew in its rheophytic habit, distinct narrow leaves, serrate leaf margin and numerous lateral veins but it differs in its cymose inflorescence with 2-3 flowers (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. rheophytica" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="rheophytica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. rheophytica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has one-flowered inflorescences), small tubular flowers (1-1.3 cm vs. 3-3.5 cm long) and flower colour, violet not white as in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. rheophytica" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="rheophytica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. rheophytica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.165.56955.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/468464" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 1" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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Illustration of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Syahida-Emiza, Y. Y. Sam & Siti-Munirah" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Codonoboea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Codonoboea kenaboiensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Codonoboea kenaboiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Syahida-Emiza, Y.Y.Sam & Siti-Munirah, sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
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habit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
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leaf section show midrib and reticulate vein
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
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inflorescence
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">D</emphasis>
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flower opened to show position of stamens
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">E</emphasis>
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calyx with pistil
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">F</emphasis>
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nectary annular
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">G</emphasis>
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stigma
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">H</emphasis>
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stamens
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">I</emphasis>
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fruit (All from
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">FRI 87630</emphasis>
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, drawn by Mohamad Aidil Noordin).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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Peninsular Malaysia. Negeri Sembilan: Jelebu, Kenaboi Forest Reserve,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="3.1666667">3°10'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="101.98333">101°59'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 11 July 2019, Syahida Emiza, S., Sam, Y.Y. & Angan, A. FRI 87630 (holotype: KEP; isotype: K, SING).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.165.56955.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/468465" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 2" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Syahida-Emiza, Y. Y. Sam & Siti-Munirah" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Codonoboea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Codonoboea kenaboiensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Codonoboea kenaboiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Syahida-Emiza, Y.Y.Sam & Siti-Munirah, sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A, B</emphasis>
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habitat
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C, D</emphasis>
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habit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">E</emphasis>
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fruits
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">F</emphasis>
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flowers
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">G</emphasis>
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corolla lobes (front view).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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Rheophyte, 10-20 cm tall.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Stems</emphasis>
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woody, erect, wiry, unbranched.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Leaves</emphasis>
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decussate, pairs spaced up to 0.5 cm apart, denser to the apex; petioles slender, 0.5-1 cm long,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">c.</emphasis>
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0.1 cm diameter; laminas narrowly elliptic, 4.5-10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.8-1 cm, coriaceous, mid-green above, pale green beneath, base attenuate, apex acute to attenuate, margin serrate; midrib and lateral veins sunken above, glabrous, prominent beneath, puberulous, lateral veins up to 30 pairs, generally opposite or alternately arranged, intercostal veins reticulate, slightly prominent.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Inflorescences</emphasis>
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at upper leaf axils, erect, 1 per axil, cymes, 2-3-flowered; indumentum of floral parts a combination of glandular and simple hairs; peduncle 4-8 cm, purplish-maroon, densely hairy; bracts 3-3.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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c. 1 mm, densely hairy, lanceolate, apex blunt.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Flowers</emphasis>
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: pedicels 2-3 mm long, purplish, densely hairy; calyx mid-green, densely hairy, 5-lobed, narrowly lanceolate, lobes 1.2-1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.2-0.8 mm, apex blunt; corolla tubular, 10-13 mm long, base 2 mm wide, dilating to 3 mm at the mouth, outside whitish to violet, sparsely hairy, inside whitish, glabrous, veins conspicuous; corolla lobes deeper violet, unequal in size, oblong,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">c.</emphasis>
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3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2 mm, apex blunt; stamens 2, 3-3.5 mm long, filaments erect,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">c.</emphasis>
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2.5 mm long, glabrous, anthers versatile,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">c.</emphasis>
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0.8 mm long,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">c.</emphasis>
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1 mm wide, white; nectary annular,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">c.</emphasis>
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0.6 mm tall, rim toothed, glabrous; pistil yellowish-cream,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">c.</emphasis>
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8 mm long, ovary
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">c.</emphasis>
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3.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.7 mm, sparsely hairy, style
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">c.</emphasis>
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4.5 mm long, white, sparsely hairy, stigma peltate,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">c.</emphasis>
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0.7 mm across, papillose.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Capsules</emphasis>
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cylindrical, 18-20 mm long,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">c.</emphasis>
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1 mm wide at base, green, splitting adaxially when mature, calyx persistent.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Seeds</emphasis>
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elliptic-oblong,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">c.</emphasis>
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0.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.15 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="other specimen examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Other specimen examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Peninsular Malaysia. Negeri Sembilan: Jelebu, Kenaboi Forest Reserve, 6 May 2010, Mohd. Hairul, M.A. et al. FRI 70988 (KEP).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Endemic in Negeri Sembilan, Peninsular Malaysia. Currently known only from the type locality.</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.165.56955.map1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/468466" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" start="Map 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Map 1.</emphasis>
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Distribution of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Syahida-Emiza, Y. Y. Sam & Siti-Munirah" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Codonoboea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Codonoboea kenaboiensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Codonoboea kenaboiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(circle) and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Syahida-Emiza, Y. Y. Sam & Siti-Munirah" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Codonoboea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Codonoboea ruthiae" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruthiae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Codonoboea ruthiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(triangle) in Peninsular Malaysia.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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Lowland dipterocarp forest, on rocks or steep earthy river banks, at 275-315 m altitude. Flowering from May to July.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Syahida-Emiza, Y. Y. Sam & Siti-Munirah" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Codonoboea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Codonoboea kenaboiensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Codonoboea kenaboiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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grows on the lower levels of the riparian zone to about 1.5 m above the normal water level. Conditions are cool and damp with a thick layer of mosses covering the ground and shrubs and trees on higher ground leaning towards the river providing partial shade to the vegetation underneath. Such conditions are ideal for many plants but they are subjected to regular flooding events such as flash floods and annual floods during monsoon seasons. Only plants with rheophytic adaptations like
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<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kenaboiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. kenaboiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can survive the swift moving flood water. It has narrow leaves and roots that secure it firmly to the ground, preventing it from being uprooted by water currents. However, more frequent and intense flooding as a result of climate change might affect its long-term survival at Sungai Kenaboi.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">The epithet refers to the Kenaboi State Park, its only known locality.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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Vulnerable, VU D2.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Syahida-Emiza, Y. Y. Sam & Siti-Munirah" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Codonoboea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Codonoboea kenaboiensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Codonoboea kenaboiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is hyper- endemic with a very small and restricted population at Sungai Kenaboi, Kenaboi State Park. Its small population and position in the flood zone is threatened by the increasing records of flood and extreme weather events caused by climate change.
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.316" author="Tang, KHD" journalOrPublisher="The Science of the Total Environment" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="1858 - 1871" refId="B10" refString="Tang, KHD, 2019. Climate change in Malaysia: Trends, contributors, impacts, mitigation and adaptations. The Science of the Total Environment 650: 1858 - 1871, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.316" title="Climate change in Malaysia: Trends, contributors, impacts, mitigation and adaptations." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.316" volume="650" year="2019">Tang (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
has projected more rainfall events of high intensity and tropical storms in Malaysia as climate change intensifies. Under such circumstances, the seeds and seedlings of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kenaboiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. kenaboiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will be washed away before they can firmly establish to the substrate thereby affecting its regeneration. Following the
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malay Peninsula" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B9" refString="IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee, 2019. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by Standards and Petitions Committee. http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by Standards and Petitions Committee." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kenaboiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. kenaboiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
qualifies for VU D2 because the increased frequency of floods is expected to cause a population reduction and, due to its small population, the species could become Critically Endangered or Extinct in a very short period of time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Syahida-Emiza, Y. Y. Sam & Siti-Munirah" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Codonoboea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Codonoboea kenaboiensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Codonoboea kenaboiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Codonoboea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Codonoboea subsp. sect." order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Pectinati">Codonoboea sect. Pectinati</taxonomicName>
|
||
, characterised by narrow and serrate to deeply toothed leaves and small tubular flower (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4115416" author="Ridley, HN" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malay Peninsula" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="495 - 547" refId="B8" refString="Ridley, HN, 1923. Gesneriaceae. Flora Malay Peninsula 2: 495 - 547, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/4115416" title="Gesneriaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4115416" volume="2" year="1923">Ridley 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.14203/reinwardtia.v14i1.388" author="Lim, CL" journalOrPublisher="Reinwardtia" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="13 - 17" refId="B5" refString="Lim, CL, Kiew, R, 2014. Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) sections in Peninsular Malaysia. Reinwardtia 14 (1): 13 - 17, DOI: https://doi.org/10.14203/reinwardtia.v14i1.388" title="Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) sections in Peninsular Malaysia." url="https://doi.org/10.14203/reinwardtia.v14i1.388" volume="14" year="2014">Lim and Kiew 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It closely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. rheophytica" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="rheophytica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. rheophytica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a recently described rheophyte from Terengganu (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944" author="Kiew, R" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 26" refId="B3" refString="Kiew, R, Lim, CL, 2019. Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, including three new species. PhytoKeys 131: 1 - 26, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944" title="Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) in Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia, including three new species." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.35944" volume="131" year="2019">Kiew and Lim 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both have distinctly narrow leaves (0.8-1 cm in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kenaboiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. kenaboiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 0.8-1.3 cm in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. rheophytica" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="rheophytica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. rheophytica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), serrate leaf margins and numerous lateral veins (30 pairs in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kenaboiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. kenaboiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 33-36 pairs in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. rheophytica" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="rheophytica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. rheophytica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). However, they are distinguished by the inflorescence and floral structures.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Syahida-Emiza, Y. Y. Sam & Siti-Munirah" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Codonoboea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Codonoboea kenaboiensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Codonoboea kenaboiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has simple cymes bearing 2-3 tubular flowers whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. rheophytica" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="rheophytica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. rheophytica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has solitary trumpet-shaped flowers. In addition, the violet flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kenaboiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. kenaboiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are much smaller (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">c.</emphasis>
|
||
1-1.3 cm vs 3-3.5 cm in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. rheophytica" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="rheophytica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. rheophytica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) than the white flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. rheophytica" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="rheophytica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. rheophytica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Codonoboea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Codonoboea" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Codonoboea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are common on stream and river banks but very few are true rheophytes. Other than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. rheophytica" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="rheophytica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. rheophytica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kenaboiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. kenaboiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. densifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="densifolia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. densifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ridl.) C.L.Lim and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. salicina" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="salicina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. salicina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ridl.) C.L.Lim are two other rheophytes found in Peninsular Malaysia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kiew, R" journalOrPublisher="Malayan Nature Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="201 - 234" refId="B1" refString="Kiew, R, 1987. The herbaceous flora of Ulu Endau, Johore-Pahang, Malaysia, including taxonomic notes and descriptions of new species. Malayan Nature Journal 41: 201 - 234" title="The herbaceous flora of Ulu Endau, Johore-Pahang, Malaysia, including taxonomic notes and descriptions of new species." volume="41" year="1987">Kiew 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The narrow leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. densifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="densifolia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. densifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. salicina" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="salicina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. salicina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have entire to serrulate margins and fewer lateral veins (up to 20 pairs) that clearly distinguish them from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kenaboiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. kenaboiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In terms of inflorescence structure, both
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. densifolia" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="densifolia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. densifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. salicina" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="salicina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. salicina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have cymose inflorescences similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kenaboiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. kenaboiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but their campanulate flowers are distinct from the tubular flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kenaboiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. kenaboiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
At Sungai Kenaboi, there is another
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Codonoboea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Codonoboea" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Codonoboea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species growing on the steep riverbanks.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kiew" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Ridl." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Codonoboea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Codonoboea breviflora" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="breviflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Codonoboea breviflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can easily be mistaken as a larger form of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kenaboiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. kenaboiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that also has long narrow leaves and serrate leaf margin. However, the leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kenaboiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. kenaboiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are conspicuously smaller with shorter petioles (0.5-1 cm vs 1-2.5 cm long) and smaller laminas (4.5-10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8-1 cm vs 9-20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.5-5.5 cm) compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. breviflora" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="breviflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. breviflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 3. A, B Codonoboea rheophytica C, D Codonoboea densifolia E, F Codonoboea salicina G, H Codonoboea breviflora I ck = Codonoboea kenaboiensis, cb = Codonoboea breviflora." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.165.56955.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/468467" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Upon closer examination, the leaf venation of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kenaboiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. kenaboiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also proves to be distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. breviflora" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="breviflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. breviflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Syahida-Emiza, Y. Y. Sam & Siti-Munirah" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Codonoboea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Codonoboea kenaboiensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Codonoboea kenaboiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has craspedodromus lateral veins (the veins run directly from midrib to the margin) whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. breviflora" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="breviflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. breviflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the veins branch before reaching the margin. In addition, the single campanulate flower of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. breviflora" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="breviflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. breviflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
instantly differentiates it from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kenaboiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. kenaboiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.165.56955.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/468467" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 3" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kiew" authorityYear="2019" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Codonoboea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Codonoboea rheophytica" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rheophytica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Codonoboea rheophytica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.L.Lim" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Ridl." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Codonoboea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Codonoboea densifolia" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="densifolia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Codonoboea densifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">E, F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.L.Lim" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Ridl." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Codonoboea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Codonoboea salicina" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salicina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Codonoboea salicina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">G, H</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kiew" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Ridl." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Codonoboea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Codonoboea breviflora" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="breviflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Codonoboea breviflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">I</emphasis>
|
||
ck =
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Syahida-Emiza, Y. Y. Sam & Siti-Munirah" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Codonoboea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Codonoboea kenaboiensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Codonoboea kenaboiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, cb =
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kiew" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Ridl." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Codonoboea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Codonoboea breviflora" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="breviflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Codonoboea breviflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Both
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kenaboiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. kenaboiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. breviflora" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="breviflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. breviflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
grow at Sungai Kenaboi, but based on observations they occupy different sections of the flood zone.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Syahida-Emiza, Y. Y. Sam & Siti-Munirah" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Codonoboea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Codonoboea kenaboiensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Codonoboea kenaboiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resides on the lower levels of the river banks that are less than 1.5 m above the normal water level whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. breviflora" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="breviflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. breviflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found at slightly higher levels more than 2 m above the water level. The higher ground is less affected by floods and supports a denser vegetation compare to the site of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. kenaboiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="kenaboiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C. kenaboiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |