437 lines
55 KiB
XML
437 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="ED037CADFC7B58CE135F68193C7A8A77" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.497.2.7" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5423902" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630389613110" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Landge, Shahid Nawaz & Shinde, Rajendra D." docDate="2021" docId="038A87C9E8025617FF377AAFB8470A1B" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.497.2.7.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 497 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.497.2.7" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Parahyparrhenia bellariensis Clayton (1934: 1744" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="153" masterDocId="FFB3FFB1E8035611FFBF7E1BBC300D2D" masterDocTitle="Rediscovery of Parahyparrhenia bellariensis (Poaceae: Andropogoneae): A presumed extinct grass from Andhra Pradesh, India" masterLastPageNumber="156" masterPageNumber="147" pageNumber="148" updateTime="1699257555633" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="2AF8EBC099168B0880FD33E73533EE40">Rediscovery of Parahyparrhenia bellariensis (Poaceae: Andropogoneae): A presumed extinct grass from Andhra Pradesh, India</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BC62F5A54E4B5DC4C44D7A99433A5548" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0463AC780809B3579C5A7E439EFA849B">Landge, Shahid Nawaz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3813015BC37288AA86E1CD875664C75B">The Blatter Herbarium (BLAT), St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Mumbai 400001.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="6882FAEAEACE2FB4C148556719EB474B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2AEC23C515062D15FF27AD1F9A70AC70">Shinde, Rajendra D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="46646EFCCB904DCCE3E15D4232E0BAB7">St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Mumbai 400001.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="26EF1839A3C150C761939A307CB030DA">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="47EBCB653E4FA3EDC40DB038F64E55F4">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A91E4B40F362AC32A3C8F690B6E4BD70">2021-04-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9F2654BFF4F17C9F4B0925AE3A6A3801">497</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="1E7BE51DBAFC8D7FB851F90A386FF290">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.497.2.7</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="880BC5FA463F062E91020F060DC5AD23" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C3396554E8025610FF377AAFBF8609E3" box="[136,950,1204,1231]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36DFE8025610FF377AAFBF8609E3" blockId="1.[136,950,1204,1231]" box="[136,950,1204,1231]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
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<heading id="D0D481B3E8025610FF377AAFBF8609E3" box="[136,950,1204,1231]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D5CE8025610FF377AAFBF0C09E3" ID-CoL="4CX64" authority="(Hackel) Clayton (1934: 1744)" authorityName="Clayton (1934:" authorityPageNumber="1744" authorityYear="1744" baseAuthorityName="Hackel" box="[136,828,1204,1231]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bellariensis">
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<emphasis id="B957EACDE8025610FF377AAFBDEA09E2" bold="true" box="[136,474,1204,1231]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Parahyparrhenia bellariensis</emphasis>
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(Hackel) Clayton (1934: 1744)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13182A5AE8025610FCF57AAFBF9E09E3" box="[842,942,1204,1230]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="5.[136,229,1988,2010]" captionStartId-1="6.[136,229,1355,1377]" captionTargetBox-0="[191,1397,190,1963]" captionTargetBox-1="[177,1428,213,1316]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@5.[191,1397,190,1963]" captionTargetId-1="figure-28@6.[160,1428,190,1330]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Parahyparrhenia bellariensis in Gandikota Fort Hill. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Basal portion. D. Magnified lowest bulged sheath. E. Ligule. F. Raceme. G. Heterogamous spikelets. (Photography by: Shahid Nawaz)" captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Illustration of the spikelets of Parahyparrhenia bellariensis. A. Portion of spiciform-raceme. B–L: Sessile spikelet and its parts. B. Sessile spikelet. C1. Lower glume (dorsal). C2. Lower glume (ventral). C3. Apex of lower glume. C4. T.S. of lower glume. D1. Upper glume (ventral). D2. Upper glume (lateral). D3. Apex of upper glume. E. Lower lemma. F. Upper lemma. G1. Upper palea. G2. Apex of upper palea. G3.Apex of upper palea. H.Anthers. I. Lodicules. J. Pistil. K1. Caryopsis. K2. T.S. of caryopsis. L. Callus of sessile spikelet. M. Rhachis internode. N. Pedicel. O–W: Pedicelled spikelet and its parts. O. Callus. P. Pedicelled spikelet. Q1. Lower glume (dorsal). Q2. Lower glume (ventral). R. Upper glume. S. Lower lemma. T. Upper lemma. U. Upper palea. V. Anthers. W. Lodicules. (Illustrated by Shahid Nawaz from “Shahid Nawaz GK-302”)" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5423908" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5423910" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5423908/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5423910/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Figs 3–4</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396554E8025610FF377B1BBE810817" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36DFE8025610FF377B1BBE7D083B" blockId="1.[136,1452,1280,1374]" box="[136,589,1280,1302]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3311F1E8025610FF377B1BBE7D083B" box="[136,589,1280,1302]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
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<emphasis id="B957EACDE8025610FF377B1BBCA50838" box="[136,149,1280,1301]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">≡</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8210CEE8025610FF2A7B1BBE79083B" author="Hackel, E." box="[149,585,1280,1302]" page=")" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" year="1885">
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D5CE8025610FF2A7B1BBE79083B" ID-CoL="66PNC" authority="Hackel (1885: 123)" authorityName="Hackel" authorityPageNumber="123" authorityYear="1885" box="[149,585,1280,1302]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Andropogon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bellariensis">
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<emphasis id="B957EACDE8025610FF2A7B1BBDB50838" box="[149,389,1280,1301]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Andropogon bellariensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2EE8025610FE347B1BBE79083B" author="Hackel, E." box="[395,585,1280,1302]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" pagination="115 - 143" refId="ref4999" refString="Hackel, E. (1885) Andropogoneae novae. Flora 68 (7): 115 - 143." type="journal article" year="1885">Hackel (1885: 123)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36DFE8025610FF377B3FBE810817" blockId="1.[136,1452,1280,1374]" box="[136,689,1316,1338]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3311F1E8025610FF377B3FBE810817" box="[136,689,1316,1338]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
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<emphasis id="B957EACDE8025610FF377B3FBCA50814" box="[136,149,1316,1337]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">≡</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8210CEE8025610FF2A7B3FBE9D0817" author="Fischer, C. E. C." box="[149,685,1316,1338]" page=")" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" year="1934">
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D5CE8025610FF2A7B3FBE9D0817" ID-CoL="6LRWS" authority="(Hack.) Fischer (1934: 1744)" authorityName="Fischer" authorityPageNumber="1744" authorityYear="1934" baseAuthorityName="Hack." box="[149,685,1316,1338]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Heteropogon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bellariensis">
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<emphasis id="B957EACDE8025610FF2A7B3FBDBC0814" box="[149,396,1316,1337]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Heteropogon bellariensis</emphasis>
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(Hack.)
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2EE8025610FE5E7B3FBE9D0817" author="Fischer, C. E. C." box="[481,685,1316,1338]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" pagination="1689 - 1864" refId="ref4852" refString="Fischer, C. E. C. (1934) Gramineae (Part X). In: Gamble, J. S. & Fischer, C. E. C. (Eds.) Flora of the presidency of Madras vol. 3. Adlard & Son Ltd., London, pp. 1689 - 1864." type="book chapter" year="1934">Fischer (1934: 1744)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3396554E8025613FF377B53BDC70839" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36DFE8025610FF377B53B99C0873" blockId="1.[136,1452,1280,1374]" box="[136,1452,1351,1374]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
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<emphasis id="B957EACDE8025610FF377B53BCEA0870" bold="true" box="[136,218,1352,1373]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
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Type:
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<emphasis id="B957EACDE8025610FF7D7B53BCEA0870" bold="true" box="[194,218,1352,1373]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">—</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B4B3C82E8025610FF657B53B9980873" box="[218,1448,1351,1374]" country="India" location="Ghooty" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Andhra Pradesh" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<collectingCountry id="F334764FE8025610FF657B53BD110870" box="[218,289,1352,1373]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">INDIA</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="49E7F83DE8025610FE967B53BDF60873" box="[297,454,1352,1374]" country="India" name="Andhra Pradesh" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Andhra Pradesh</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="8EFC6004E8025610FE707B53BE270873" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A87C9E8025617FF377AAFB8470A1B:8EFC6004E8025610FE707B53BE270873" box="[463,535,1352,1374]" country="India" name="Ghooty" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" stateProvince="Andhra Pradesh">Ghooty</location>
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fort hill,
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D5CE8025610FDCD7B53BEC10870" authority="Wight" authorityName="Wight" box="[626,753,1352,1373]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Robert" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EACDE8025610FDCD7B53BEC10870" box="[626,753,1352,1373]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Robert Wight</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, [1834–37] 2321 (
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<typeStatus id="5498887DE8025610FC1C7B53BFCD0873" box="[931,1021,1352,1374]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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[K000245933!] designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2EE8025610FA977B53B9910873" author="Tiwari, A. P." box="[1320,1441,1352,1374]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" pagination="295 - 296" refId="ref5929" refString="Tiwari, A. P. (2017) Lectotypification of Andropogon bellariensis, basionym of Parahyparrhenia bellariensis (Andropogoneae, Poaceae). Phytotaxa 326 (4): 295 - 296. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 326.4.11" type="journal article" year="2017">Tiwari 2017</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36DFE8025613FF377B97BE430ED9" blockId="1.[136,1452,1420,2059]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1452,158,2093]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
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Perennial,
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<quantity id="4CDB9B3AE8025610FF417B97BD5C088A" box="[254,364,1420,1447]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" unit="cm" value="57.5" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="50.0">50–65 cm</quantity>
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high, densely tufted, simple or sparingly branched, slender, glabrous, glaucous herb. Culms terete, geniculately ascending; nodes glabrous. Leaf blade (5.0–) 10–45 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3AE8025610FCD17BABBFDD08E6" box="[878,1005,1456,1483]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" unit="cm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.4 cm</quantity>
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, linear, long, extremely narrow (filiform and convolute) to considerably broader
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<emphasis id="B957EACDE8025610FDFF7BCEBE6908C3" box="[576,601,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">—</emphasis>
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old basal leaves prominently striated, with very acuminate apices, glabrous, glaucous, later turning reddish, flaccid, convolute, drooping and curling; basal sheaths prominently striated (almost ribbed), bulged and villous (with shiny appressed hairs) or bearded, upper sheaths shorter than or as long as (sometimes slightly longer than) the internodes, terete, tightly clasping, slightly keeled in upper part, glabrous, glaucous, striated, spathaceous in the upper parts of the plant; ligule biseriately ciliate, inner shorter and outer longer,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3AE8025610FB48787FB97F0B52" box="[1271,1359,1636,1663]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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and
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||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3AE8025610FA37787FBC840B8E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
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||
long respectively. Inflorescence composed of a yellowish raceme, subtended by a linear, spathaceous sheath; spathaceous sheath, glabrous, membranous, 6.0–
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||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3AE8025610FD0D78B7BF300BEA" box="[690,768,1708,1735]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" unit="cm" value="7.2">7.2 cm</quantity>
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||
long; raceme terminal, solitary (if axillary then in fascicles of 5–8, issuing intravaginally on long, slender peduncles), 4.5–5.0 cm long, obliquely inserted on the peduncle, joint (annulus) bearded, 2 homogamous lower pairs of spikelets strictly staminate; rhachis internodes, ca. 3.0 mm long, linear, laterally compressed, ciliate on both the margins with white hairs, confluent with pedicel into the pungent callus, tip oblique. Sessile spikelet, hermaphrodite, 5.5–8.0 ×
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||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3AE8025610FC847927BFF20A7A" box="[827,962,1852,1879]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.3 mm</quantity>
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||
(including the callus), linear-elliptic; callus long, rigid, obliquely-pungent, somewhat protruded, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3AE8025610FC8C797BBFBC0A56" box="[819,908,1888,1915]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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||
long, densely bearded with white hairs; lower glume 5.0–6.5 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3AE8025610FEF7799FBDE20AB2" box="[328,466,1924,1951]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.5 mm</quantity>
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||
, elliptic, sub-oblong, sub-coriaceous, herbaceous, usually 6 or 7 nerved (but sometimes also 12 nerved), with a prominent longitudinal groove on the dorsal side, glabrous, margin inflexed (compressed and sharp in upper portion, lower broader and open), eciliate or ciliolate, tip acute, hyaline (sometimes due to rupturing membrane, tip appears bi-dentate), membranous; upper glume 5.5–6.8 ×
|
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<quantity id="4CDB9B3AE8025610FC6279EBB8080526" box="[989,1080,2032,2059]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, somewhat oblong-elliptic, sub- coriaceous, 5 nerved, glabrous, margin inflexed, ciliate, tip acute (median nerve rigid; with disintegrating membrane along with lateral nerves it imparts a tridentate shape to the tip), slightly longer than the lower glume, exaristate; lower lemma epaleate, barren, 4.0 × 0.8–1.0 mm, oblong-lanceolate, hyaline, membranous, nerveless, margin inflexed, ciliate above the middle, tip obtuse; upper lemma rigid base of a geniculate awn, 4.0–5.0 mm long, linear-oblong, 3 nerved, bifid with thin, appressed, filiform lobes (caducous); upper palea hyaline-membranous, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3AE8015613FAAD7F35B95A0C64" box="[1298,1386,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, oblong, nerveless, eciliate, tip various from obtuse to dentate or lacerated; awn issuing from the sinus of bifid lemma, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3AE8015613FF0F7F6DBD300CBC" box="[176,256,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, hirtellus with long hairs on spirals of the corkscrewed column, limb (bristle) scabrid, pale. Stamens three; anthers
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3AE8015613FE947F81BD840C98" box="[299,436,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="2.95" valueMax="3.1" valueMin="2.8">2.8–3.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; lodicules two, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3AE8015613FD6E7F81BF190C98" box="[721,809,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, membranous, pale brown, somewhat obconical or oblong with broad truncate or tridentate tip. Stigma very densely plumose 2.3–3.0 mm long, pale orangish when dried; style short, flattened not terete, hyaline-membranous. Caryopsis brown, linear, somewhat elliptic-oblong,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3AE8015613FA9A7FF9B99C0CD0" box="[1317,1452,482,509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="3.05" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="2.8">2.8–3.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Pedicel 3.0 mm long, similar to the rhachis internode, sub-equal, laterally compressed, tip oblique, ciliate on both the margins with dense white hairs. Pedicelled spikelet, staminate or barren, ex-aristate, 6.5–8.0 mm long (including the callus), elliptic, brownish, glabrous; callus sparsely bearded, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3AE8015613FC0A7C55B83E0F44" box="[949,1038,590,617]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, somewhat squarish, obliquely placed on the pedicel; lower glume 5.0–8.0 × 2.0 mm (unopened), elliptic, sub-coriaceous somewhat translucent, 7–11 nerved, glabrous, acute, margins sharply inflexed, one side curved and minutely winged most of the length and other not curved but winged in upper portion only, ciliate in lower 2/3, tip acute to sub-acuminate, dorsally convex (sometimes with a slight, linear depression base upwards); upper glume 5.0–7.0 × 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3AE8015613FB1F7CC5B8C70FD4" box="[1184,1271,734,761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, narrow elliptic, sub-hyaline, membranous, 5 nerved (nerves evanescent below the middle, green), glabrous, margin inflexed, densely ciliate, tip acute; lower lemma, epaleate, barren 5.0 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3AE8015613FD657D3DBF010E6C" box="[730,817,806,833]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, oblong-elliptic, hyaline-membranous, nerveless, margin narrowly inflexed, ciliate throughout, tip acute to sub-acute; upper lemma, staminate, 4.0–4.2 × 1.0 mm, oblongelliptic, hyaline, membranous, 1 nerved, glabrous, margin not inflexed, tip acute to somewhat erose or lacerated; upper palea reduced
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3AE8015613FE947D89BDB20E80" box="[299,386,914,941]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
or little longer, hyaline-membranous, nerveless, tip various entire to lacerated, or even absent. Stamens three, anthers
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3AE8015613FE2F7DADBE280EFC" box="[400,536,950,977]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="3.35" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.2">3.2–3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Lodicules two, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3AE8015613FCEC7DADBF9A0EFC" box="[851,938,950,977]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, fleshy, clavate, somewhat excavated in front, apex tridentate, cupuliform, glabrous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DFE8015613FF027DE5BE5C0935" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,2093]" box="[189,620,1022,1049]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FF027DE5BDC30934" bold="true" box="[189,499,1022,1049]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
|
||
Flowering and fruiting:
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FE687DE4BDC30934" bold="true" box="[471,499,1023,1049]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">—</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
December.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DFE8015613FF027A39BDC70839" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FF027A39BE710910" bold="true" box="[189,577,1058,1085]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
|
||
Habitat & associated species:
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FD9A7A38BE710910" bold="true" box="[549,577,1059,1085]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">—</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Dry open rocky upland in the crevices of quartzite rocks in negligible soil. A typical dry habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D5CE8015613FE237A5DBEDA094D" authorityName="Clayton (1934:" authorityYear="1744" baseAuthorityName="Hackel" box="[412,746,1094,1120]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bellariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FE237A5DBEDA094D" box="[412,746,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Parahyparrhenia bellariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where little of the interest would grow, the giant tussocks of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D5CE8015613FF377A71BFD109A8" authority="(Steudel 1854: 385) Bor (1953: 905)" authorityName="Bor" authorityPageNumber="905" authorityYear="1953" baseAuthorityName="Steudel" baseAuthorityPageNumber="385" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[136,993,1130,1157]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cymbopogon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nardus" variety="confertiflorus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FF377A71BD4109A9" box="[136,369,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Cymbopogon nardus</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FE177A71BE7009A9" box="[424,576,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">confertiflorus</emphasis>
|
||
(Steudel 1854: 385)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2EE8015613FC937A70BFD109A8" author="Bor, N. L." box="[812,993,1130,1157]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" pagination="890 - 916" refId="ref4420" refString="Bor, N. L. (1953) The genus Cymbopogon in India, Burma and Ceylon, part I. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 51: 890 - 916. Bor, N. L. (1960) The Grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India & Pakistan (Excl. Bambuseae). Pergamon Press, London, 767 pp." type="book chapter" year="1953">Bor (1953: 905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
constitute the most conspicuous element of the wilderness. The other infrequent grasses are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D5CE8015613FD0A7A95BC9109E0" authority="(Stapf 1900: 298) Lazarides (1976: 7)" authorityName="Lazarides" authorityPageNumber="7" authorityYear="1976" baseAuthorityName="Stapf" baseAuthorityPageNumber="298" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Eragrostiella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="bifaria" variety="walkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FD0A7A95BFAA0985" box="[693,922,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Eragrostiella bifaria</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FC6F7A95B8140985" box="[976,1060,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">walkeri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2EE8015613FB8F7A95B8D30985" author="Stapf, O." box="[1072,1251,1166,1192]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" pagination="113 - 319" refId="ref5780" refString="Stapf, O. (1900) Gramineae. In: Trimen (Ed.) A hand-book to the flora of Ceylon, 5. Dulau & Co., London, pp. 113 - 319." type="book chapter" year="1900">Stapf 1900: 298</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2EE8015613FB4F7A95BC9109E0" author="Lazarides, M." pageId="2" pageNumber="149" pagination="7" refId="ref5277" refString="Lazarides, M. (1976) The genus Eragrostiella Bor (Poaceae, Eragrostideae). Contributions from Herbarium Australiense 22: 7." type="journal article" year="1976">Lazarides (1976: 7)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D5CE8015613FF0F7AA8BD8609E1" authorityName="Beauvois ex Roemer & Schultes" authorityYear="1817" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus 1753:" baseAuthorityYear="1045" box="[176,438,1203,1228]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Heteropogon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="contortus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FF0F7AA8BD8609E1" box="[176,438,1203,1228]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Heteropogon contortus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D5CE8015613FE797AA9B89B09E1" authority="(Sprengel 1815: 10) Chiovenda (1929: 327)" authorityName="Chiovenda" authorityPageNumber="327" authorityYear="1929" baseAuthorityName="Sprengel" baseAuthorityPageNumber="10" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[454,1195,1202,1229]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chrysopogon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fulvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FE797AA9BE9909E1" box="[454,681,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Chrysopogon fulvus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2EE8015613FD057AA9BFBE09E1" author="Sprengel, K." box="[698,910,1202,1229]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" refId="ref5752" refString="Sprengel, K. (1815) Plantarum minus cognitarum pugillus vol 2. C. A. Kummelium (Halae), xi + 96 pp." type="book" year="1815">Sprengel 1815: 10</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2EE8015613FC1F7AA9B89B09E1" author="Chiovenda, E." box="[928,1195,1202,1228]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" refId="ref4552" refString="Chiovenda, E. (1929) Chrysopogon fulvus. In: Flora of Somala vol. 1. Sindicato Italiano Arti Grafiche, Roma, xvi + 436 pp." type="book" year="1929">Chiovenda (1929: 327)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D5CE8015613FB067AA9BD5E09DD" authority="Linnaeus (1753: 82)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="82" authorityYear="1753" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adscensionis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FB067AA9B99B09E1" box="[1209,1451,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Aristida adscensionis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2EE8015613FF377ACDBD5E09DD" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[136,366,1238,1265]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" refId="ref5302" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum vol. 2. Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], 1200 pp." type="book" year="1753">Linnaeus (1753: 82)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D5CE8015613FEC57ACDBF8809DC" authority="Trinius & Ruprecht (1842: 159)" authorityName="Trinius & Ruprecht" authorityPageNumber="159" authorityYear="1842" box="[378,952,1238,1265]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="funiculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FEC57ACDBE7D09DD" box="[378,589,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Aristida funiculata</emphasis>
|
||
Trinius & Ruprecht (1842: 159)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D5CE8015613FC507ACCBDC30839" authority="(Koenig ex Rottler 1803: 220) Henrard (1934: 100)" authorityName="Henrard" authorityPageNumber="100" authorityYear="1934" baseAuthorityName="Rottler" baseAuthorityPageNumber="220" baseAuthorityYear="1803" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Digitaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FC507ACCB8E209DD" box="[1007,1234,1239,1264]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Digitaria tomentosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Koenig ex Rottler 1803: 220)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2EE8015613FEB67AE1BDC30839" author="Henrard, J. T." box="[265,499,1274,1300]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" pagination="100" refId="ref5019" refString="Henrard, J. T. (1934) Notes on the genus Digitaria. Blumea 1: 100." type="journal article" year="1934">Henrard (1934: 100)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3396554E8015617FF027B05B8470A1B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DFE8015613FF027B05BCDF0871" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FF027B05BD450814" bold="true" box="[189,373,1310,1337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
|
||
Distribution:
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FEE67B04BD450814" bold="true" box="[345,373,1311,1337]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">—</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Gandikota fort Hill, Cuddapah [Kadapa] district,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F83DE8015613FC047B05B8470815" box="[955,1143,1310,1336]" country="India" name="Andhra Pradesh" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Andhra Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F334764FE8015613FB387B05B8F40815" box="[1159,1220,1310,1336]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Apparently narrow endemic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DFE8015613FF027B7DBEEA08C1" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FF027B7DBDE808AC" bold="true" box="[189,472,1382,1409]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
|
||
Conservation status:
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FE037B7CBDE808AC" bold="true" box="[444,472,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">—</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Several decades of extensive explorations executed by various workers to locate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D5CE8015613FF377B91BDE50889" authorityName="Clayton (1934:" authorityYear="1744" baseAuthorityName="Hackel" box="[136,469,1418,1444]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bellariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FF377B91BDE50889" box="[136,469,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Parahyparrhenia bellariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F83DE8015613FE467B91BE9E0889" box="[505,686,1418,1444]" country="India" name="Andhra Pradesh" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Andhra Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
were consistently futile, based on that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B2EE8015613FBD67B91B9690889" author="Pullaiah, T. & Murthy, K. S. R. & Rani, S. S." box="[1129,1369,1418,1444]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" pagination="34 - 42" refId="ref5395" refString="Pullaiah, T., Murthy, K. S. R. & Rani, S. S. (2004) Floristic analysis of Andhra Pradesh, India. In: Swami, N. R., Reddy, N. P., Pullaiah, T., Murthy, G. V. S. & Rao, G. P. (Eds.) Gleanings in Plant Sciences. Regency Publications, New Delhi, pp. 34 - 42." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Pullaiah
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FB727B90B9360889" box="[1229,1286,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
tagged it as “presumably extinct”, and suggested its addition to the Red Data Book of Indian plants. Reddy
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FAA37BB4B96708E5" box="[1308,1367,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006) categorized it as “Vulnerable” in the Red Data Book.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DFE8015613FF027BECBD860B8C" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
|
||
In our study, we have found that the entire population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D5CE8015613FCEA7BEDB8930B3D" authorityName="Clayton (1934:" authorityYear="1744" baseAuthorityName="Hackel" box="[853,1187,1526,1552]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bellariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FCEA7BEDB8930B3D" box="[853,1187,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Parahyparrhenia bellariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occupies an extremely limited area of only
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3AE8015613FEC97800BD940B18" box="[374,420,1563,1589]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</quantity>
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3AE8015613FE1B7801BDFB0B19" box="[420,459,1562,1588]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" unit="in" value="2.0">
|
||
<superScript id="7C569B97E8015613FE1B7801BD9C0B05" attach="left" box="[420,428,1562,1576]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">2</superScript>
|
||
in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
Gandikota Fort hill. Since, there is a regular movement of tourists; its habitat is very vulnerable. We have observed its decline in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5498887DE8015613FD1B7824BEE40B74" box="[676,724,1599,1625]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, where it recently became perished. According to IUCN Red List Criteria (2019) the species is assessed as Critically Endangered (CR), based on the criteria A2a, B2ab (i,ii,iii,iv,v), C2a (i) and D.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DFE8015613FF0278B1BEA90A79" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
|
||
A little hope has remained to save this grass; hitherto, for which, no conservation measures have been taken. At the moment, the possible conservation strategy is to restrict tourist encroachment in Gandikota Fort Hill
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FA9A78D4B90E0BC5" box="[1317,1342,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">—</emphasis>
|
||
at least in the small magnitude where the population of the grass still exist, to prevent any irreversible decline. There is an urgent need to conjure, in scholarly minds, the idea of its immediate and undeniable conservation, for the population already experiencing a terrifying menace of extinction!
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DFE8015612FF027945BE4D0C09" blockId="2.[136,1452,158,2093]" lastBlockId="3.[136,1451,158,293]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FF027945BD2B0A54" bold="true" box="[189,283,1886,1913]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
|
||
Note:
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FF407944BD2B0A54" bold="true" box="[255,283,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">—</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Upper lemma of the sessile spikelet is distinctly bifid with filiform lobes, mostly appressed to the column of its principal awn. The lobes are very delicate and caducous with age. Spikelets that are dissected at the time of fruiting are devoid of lemmatal lobes, it might be therefore well taken by many as the upper lemma entire. Lobes of the bifid lemma can be well observed during anthesis. This phenomenon is seen in both the endemic species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D5CE8015613FF3779F5BD7A0525" authorityName="A. Camus" authorityYear="1950" box="[136,330,2030,2056]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FF3779F5BD7A0525" box="[136,330,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Parahyparrhenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F334764FE8015613FE2979F5BDE30525" box="[406,467,2030,2056]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The caryopses in both the species are sulcate. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D5CE8015613FB9C79F4B8F60525" authorityName="Clayton (1934:" authorityYear="1744" baseAuthorityName="Hackel" box="[1059,1222,2030,2056]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bellariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8015613FB9C79F4B8F60525" box="[1059,1222,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">P. bellariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is almost ridged, showing perpendicular outline in the transverse section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13182A5AE8015613FCB57609BF790500" box="[778,841,2066,2093]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1355,1377]" captionTargetBox="[177,1428,213,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-28@6.[160,1428,190,1330]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Illustration of the spikelets of Parahyparrhenia bellariensis. A. Portion of spiciform-raceme. B–L: Sessile spikelet and its parts. B. Sessile spikelet. C1. Lower glume (dorsal). C2. Lower glume (ventral). C3. Apex of lower glume. C4. T.S. of lower glume. D1. Upper glume (ventral). D2. Upper glume (lateral). D3. Apex of upper glume. E. Lower lemma. F. Upper lemma. G1. Upper palea. G2. Apex of upper palea. G3.Apex of upper palea. H.Anthers. I. Lodicules. J. Pistil. K1. Caryopsis. K2. T.S. of caryopsis. L. Callus of sessile spikelet. M. Rhachis internode. N. Pedicel. O–W: Pedicelled spikelet and its parts. O. Callus. P. Pedicelled spikelet. Q1. Lower glume (dorsal). Q2. Lower glume (ventral). R. Upper glume. S. Lower lemma. T. Upper lemma. U. Upper palea. V. Anthers. W. Lodicules. (Illustrated by Shahid Nawaz from “Shahid Nawaz GK-302”)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5423910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5423910/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Fig.4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The sulcus is an effect of the impression cast on the young ovary by raised median longitudinal groove on the under surface of lower glume of sessile spikelet. One of the most peculiar features of this species is its short, flattened, hyaline-membranous (papery) style quite contrary to the usually occurring terete and solid style. This character needs to be checked in other congeners. This is the only species in the genus to have biseriately ciliate ligule.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C6657E8005612FF3779B0BF0A0AEC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5423904" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5423904" box="[136,826,1963,1985]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5423904/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" startId="3.[136,229,1963,1985]" targetBox="[215,1371,336,1917]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DFE8005612FF3779B0BF0A0AEC" blockId="3.[136,1453,1963,2057]" box="[136,826,1963,1985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8005612FF3779B0BCC70AED" bold="true" box="[136,247,1963,1985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
|
||
. Distribution map of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D5CE8005612FE7879B0BED30AED" authorityName="Clayton (1934:" authorityYear="1744" baseAuthorityName="Hackel" box="[455,739,1963,1984]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bellariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8005612FE7879B0BED30AED" box="[455,739,1963,1984]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Parahyparrhenia bellariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in India.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DFE8005612FF3779D4BF060524" blockId="3.[136,1453,1963,2057]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
|
||
(
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B3C82E8005612FF3079D4BF030524" country="India" location="Fort Hill" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" specimenCount="1">
|
||
Star represents Gooty
|
||
<location id="8EFC6004E8005612FEDD79D4BD840AC8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A87C9E8025617FF377AAFB8470A1B:8EFC6004E8005612FEDD79D4BD840AC8" box="[354,436,1999,2021]" country="India" name="Fort Hill" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Fort Hill</location>
|
||
[The
|
||
<typeStatus id="5498887DE8005612FE5479D4BE240AC9" box="[491,532,1999,2020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality] where the grass became eventually extinct after an elapse of a year since its rediscovery. Circle represents Gandikota Fort hill, the only known locality in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F334764FE8005612FD4979E8BF1C0524" box="[758,812,2035,2057]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C6657E8075615FF3779DFBDFF0AD0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5423906" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5423906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5423906/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" startId="4.[136,229,1988,2010]" targetBox="[303,1289,190,1942]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DFE8075615FF3779DFBDFF0AD0" blockId="4.[136,1451,1988,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8075615FF3779DFBCCD0AF4" bold="true" box="[136,253,1988,2010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitats of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D5CE8075615FECE79DFBEBD0AF4" authorityName="Clayton (1934:" authorityYear="1744" baseAuthorityName="Hackel" box="[369,653,1988,2009]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bellariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8075615FECE79DFBEBD0AF4" box="[369,653,1988,2009]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="151">Parahyparrhenia bellariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A & B: Gandikota Fort Hill. C. Gooty Fort Hill. (Photography by: Mr. Mohammad Yusuf Mujawar & Shahid Nawaz)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C6657E8065614FF3779DFB80F0AD0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5423908" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5423908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5423908/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="152" startId="5.[136,229,1988,2010]" targetBox="[191,1397,190,1963]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DFE8065614FF3779DFB80F0AD0" blockId="5.[136,1452,1988,2046]" pageId="5" pageNumber="152">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8065614FF3779DFBD300AF4" bold="true" box="[136,256,1988,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="152">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D5CE8065614FEB679DFBE180AF4" authorityName="Clayton (1934:" authorityYear="1744" baseAuthorityName="Hackel" box="[265,552,1988,2009]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bellariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8065614FEB679DFBE180AF4" box="[265,552,1988,2009]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="152">Parahyparrhenia bellariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Gandikota Fort Hill. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Basal portion. D. Magnified lowest bulged sheath. E. Ligule. F. Raceme. G. Heterogamous spikelets. (Photography by: Shahid Nawaz)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5C6657E8055617FF377B50BEE80B14" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5423910" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5423910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5423910/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="153" startId="6.[136,229,1355,1377]" targetBox="[177,1428,213,1316]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DFE8055617FF377B50BEE80B14" blockId="6.[136,1452,1355,1593]" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8055617FF377B50BCCF084D" bold="true" box="[136,255,1355,1377]" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Illustration of the spikelets of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C234D5CE8055617FD917B50BF7B084D" authorityName="Clayton (1934:" authorityYear="1744" baseAuthorityName="Hackel" box="[558,843,1355,1376]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Parahyparrhenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bellariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8055617FD917B50BF7B084D" box="[558,843,1355,1376]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">Parahyparrhenia bellariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A. Portion of spiciform-raceme. B–L: Sessile spikelet and its parts. B. Sessile spikelet. C1. Lower glume (dorsal). C2. Lower glume (ventral). C3. Apex of lower glume. C4. T.S. of lower glume. D1. Upper glume (ventral). D2. Upper glume (lateral). D3. Apex of upper glume. E. Lower lemma. F. Upper lemma. G1. Upper palea. G2. Apex of upper palea. G3. Apex of upper palea. H. Anthers. I. Lodicules. J. Pistil. K1. Caryopsis. K2. T.S. of caryopsis. L. Callus of sessile spikelet. M. Rhachis internode. N. Pedicel. O–W: Pedicelled spikelet and its parts. O. Callus. P. Pedicelled spikelet. Q1. Lower glume (dorsal). Q2. Lower glume (ventral). R. Upper glume. S. Lower lemma. T. Upper lemma. U. Upper palea. V. Anthers. W. Lodicules. (Illustrated by Shahid Nawaz from “
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8055617FE597838BE400B14" box="[486,624,1571,1593]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">Shahid Nawaz</emphasis>
|
||
GK-302”)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9C36DFE8055617FF02787CB8470A1B" blockId="6.[136,1452,1639,1846]" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8055617FF02787CBDD20BAF" bold="true" box="[189,482,1639,1666]" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">
|
||
Specimens Examined:
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8055617FE797873BDD20BAF" bold="true" box="[454,482,1640,1666]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">—</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B3C82E8055617FE5D787CBCD50BE4" collectingDate="2019-12-21" collectionCode="BLAT" collectorName="Shahid Nawaz" country="India" elevation="320" latitude="14.818083" location="Fort Hill" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="78.285805" municipality="Cuddapah district" pageId="6" pageNumber="153" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Andhra Pradesh">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F334764FE8055617FE5D787CBE050BAC" box="[482,565,1639,1665]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F83DE8055617FD80787CBEC60BAC" box="[575,758,1639,1665]" country="India" name="Andhra Pradesh" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">Andhra Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF8ACA5E8055617FCBD787CBFFC0BAC" box="[770,972,1639,1665]" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">Cuddapah district</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, Gandikota
|
||
<location id="8EFC6004E8055617FBEA7873B8890BAC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A87C9E8025617FF377AAFB8470A1B:8EFC6004E8055617FBEA7873B8890BAC" box="[1109,1209,1639,1666]" country="India" latitude="14.818083" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="78.285805" municipality="Cuddapah district" name="Fort Hill" pageId="6" pageNumber="153" stateProvince="Andhra Pradesh">Fort Hill</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDB9B3AE8055617FB79787CB9380BAC" box="[1222,1288,1639,1665]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="153" unit="m" value="320.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000ED1ECE8055617FB79787CB9380BAC" box="[1222,1288,1639,1665]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="153" unit="m" value="320.0">320m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9D101FE8055617FAAB787CBCF30B88" pageId="6" pageNumber="153" value="2019-12-21">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD9E9F7E8055617FAAB787CBCF30B88" pageId="6" pageNumber="153" value="2019-12-21">21 December 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE175018E8055617FF6F7890BD5E0B8B" box="[208,366,1675,1702]" degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="153" precision="1" seconds="5.10" value="14.818083">14°49’5.10”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE175018E8055617FEC97890BE230B88" box="[374,531,1675,1701]" degrees="78" direction="east" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="153" precision="1" seconds="8.90" value="78.285805">78°17’8.90”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8055617FD9E7890BEF30B88" box="[545,707,1675,1701]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<collectorName id="26D65309E8055617FD9E7890BEF30B88" box="[545,707,1675,1701]" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">Shahid Nawaz</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
GK-300, GK-301, GK-302, GK-303, GK-304, GK-305, GK-306 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32AE1AE8055617FF2F78B4BCED0BE4" box="[144,221,1711,1737]" country="India" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14153" name="St. Xavier's College" pageId="6" pageNumber="153" type="Herbarium">BLAT</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B3C82E8055617FF5078B4B97A0BE4" box="[239,1354,1711,1738]" collectingDate="2019-12-23" collectionCode="BLAT" collectorName="Shahid Nawaz" country="India" location="Fort Hill" municipality="Anantapur district" pageId="6" pageNumber="153" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Andhra Pradesh">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF8ACA5E8055617FF5078B4BD8E0BE4" box="[239,446,1711,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">Anantapur district</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, Gooty
|
||
<location id="8EFC6004E8055617FDA878ABBE4A0BE4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A87C9E8025617FF377AAFB8470A1B:8EFC6004E8055617FDA878ABBE4A0BE4" box="[535,634,1711,1738]" country="India" municipality="Anantapur district" name="Fort Hill" pageId="6" pageNumber="153" stateProvince="Andhra Pradesh">Fort Hill</location>
|
||
[Bellary region],
|
||
<date id="FF9D101FE8055617FCFA78B4BFE90BE4" box="[837,985,1711,1738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="153" value="2019-12-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD9E9F7E8055617FCFA78B4BFE90BE4" box="[837,985,1711,1738]" pageId="6" pageNumber="153" value="2019-12-23">23 Dec 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8055617FC5A78B4B8B60BE4" box="[997,1158,1711,1737]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<collectorName id="26D65309E8055617FC5A78B4B8B60BE4" box="[997,1158,1711,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">Shahid Nawaz</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
GF-310 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32AE1AE8055617FB4A78B4B9720BE4" box="[1269,1346,1711,1737]" country="India" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14153" name="St. Xavier's College" pageId="6" pageNumber="153" type="Herbarium">BLAT</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4B3C82E8055617FAEA78B4BEC00A18" collectionCode="E" country="India" location="South Asia" municipality="Fort Hill" pageId="6" pageNumber="153" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F334764FE8055617FAEA78B4B9980BE4" box="[1365,1448,1711,1737]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F83DE8055617FF3778C8BD320BC0" box="[136,258,1747,1773]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">Tamilnadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Madras [
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E7F83DE8055617FECA78C8BE040BC3" box="[373,564,1747,1774]" country="India" name="Andhra Pradesh" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">Andhra Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
], Gooty
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF8ACA5E8055617FD2678CFBF300BC0" box="[665,768,1747,1774]" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">Fort Hill</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8055617FCB078C8BF060BC0" box="[783,822,1747,1773]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">s.d.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8055617FCF878C8BFB80BC0" box="[839,904,1747,1773]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">Wight</emphasis>
|
||
2321 (K!) 2 preparations; Inde [Peninsula Ind. orientis],
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8055617FF4B78ECBD2B0A3C" box="[244,283,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">s.d.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8055617FE9678ECBD5A0A3C" box="[297,362,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">Wight</emphasis>
|
||
2321 (G!) 1 preparation; Mysore, Deccan, prope Bellari [Bellary region],
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8055617FB1078ECB8E50A3C" box="[1199,1237,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">s.d.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8055617FB5B78ECB9150A3C" box="[1252,1317,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">Wight</emphasis>
|
||
2321 (US!) 1 preparation;
|
||
<location id="8EFC6004E8055617FE947900BD950A18" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A87C9E8025617FF377AAFB8470A1B:8EFC6004E8055617FE947900BD950A18" box="[299,421,1819,1845]" country="India" municipality="Fort Hill" name="South Asia" pageId="6" pageNumber="153" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">South Asia</location>
|
||
[India],
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8055617FDB87900BE1E0A18" box="[519,558,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">s.d.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B957EACDE8055617FD837900BE4D0A18" box="[572,637,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">Wight</emphasis>
|
||
2321 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED32AE1AE8055617FD737900BED20A18" box="[716,738,1819,1845]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="6" pageNumber="153" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
2 preparations. (
|
||
<typeStatus id="5498887DE8055617FC137900BFD50A18" box="[940,997,1819,1845]" pageId="6" pageNumber="153">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
collections).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |