292 lines
34 KiB
XML
292 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="3104FD838F2A335FD6372B4B096E6EA1" ID-DOI="10.1163/18759866-BJA10013" ID-ISSN="1875-9866" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8343289" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1694663361057" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pholyotha, Arthit, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai & Panha, Somsak" docDate="2021" docId="426CF52FA4674B5FFF1B8191671FBF83" docLanguage="en" docName="ContribZool.90.1.21-69.pdf" docOrigin="Contributions to Zoology 90 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-bja10013" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E1C3C5FD6CDDA08D62BFE928526826AF.2:ContribZool.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="E1C3C5FD6CDDA08D62BFE928526826AF" docStyleName="ContribZool.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Taphrenalla Pholyotha & Sutcharit & Tongkerd & Jeratthitikul & Panha 2021, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="BE558D57A47D4B43FF9A80386371BE43" masterDocTitle="Integrative systematics reveals the new land-snail genus Taphrenalla (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae) with a description of nine new species from Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1695043390670" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B1CA2405D0AC3A5A10C8065B3FED2612">
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<mods:title id="A7B70B1304E92508F68F37656F75959D">Integrative systematics reveals the new land-snail genus Taphrenalla (Eupulmonata: Ariophantidae) with a description of nine new species from Thailand</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2351DDC40BC9057CBB7C848971DEF570" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0E19E291E9E416EEF9A8A7212A4F6BA3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="43F34244BE17EB71237CBD4D692C958F">Pholyotha, Arthit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1978E45FEE3FEE6188B37A62F2305CC5">Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="4D6AFA402F850F5E52ADCB65EA1A74BD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7F7211F13EC0046A781DC51D6EF66036">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1BFD4D3FA74DC968ED756B8576C7C2E1">Sutcharit, Chirasak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="682E7A2B00B47685EECED51AE4502CA8">Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D09F6B1929B96884135BBF0880D1BD65" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4AC8A574945885DFC23CE802F3FAE13F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9EF4D8DF283C5A30ABF1B189DD1283B3">Tongkerd, Piyoros</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="209AF0FF77142AD47621B681C3CFD3E2">Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="A917C1BFB4D357DC27343C18F9373E21" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C9A285DA4D6167DA2C3EE7E2843D4362">Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9D303D8CE12FFED93B5EC7D45D625A30">Animal Systematics and Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10330, Bangkok, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="DA00AE17AE8341D05B24A45CA7275230" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E2B66C241CD06F7F312AACCCA12B3DE0">Panha, Somsak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9B18B0512FFF5DC2D5AD73F109E24181">Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand somsak. pan @ chula. ac. th</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F9ACCAD7DD4C1CA0DEE3B5671310FC01" type="email">somsak.pan@chula.ac.th</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F152A678106927E2B051656132745CFD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="36BD94D5F149CA63D651388481349685">Contributions to Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1F7AF0B97810C097046546F42C0BD862">
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<mods:date id="35DA5B57E80A11E2243513CF636D941B">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DCD2E0DCAC27E4020D11E9AB147D1104">2020-12-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A63905B6C1F999A8A3A7C74BF4FF65D3">90</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="49341C73DE1AFDCBD9E9E76DF8AE83B4">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="9BCA415B21B99D4197A87D19288390DA">21</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="6D920EF83E90662088A7E38A67FF50E1">http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-bja10013</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="EC9C518059B3901B02A8696881C66636">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="72CA6A0511670E8F750344447DABAE9A" type="DOI">10.1163/18759866-BJA10013</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="22E3C7E80B91F5A3657148DC932299A9" type="ISSN">1875-9866</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="51355C3F4EC7AA3B801C05BF0E5F7B44" type="Zenodo-Dep">8343289</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="426CF52FA4674B5FFF1B8191671FBF83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:426CF52FA4674B5FFF1B8191671FBF83" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/426CF52FA4674B5FFF1B8191671FBF83" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection id="82DF17B2A4674B59FF1B81916104BF83" box="[129,629,424,449]" pageId="26" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CA7A4439A4674B59FF1B81916104BF83" blockId="26.[129,629,424,449]" box="[129,629,424,449]" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">
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<heading id="9132F355A4674B59FF1B81916104BF83" box="[129,629,424,449]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="47" reason="5">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4674B59FF5D81906163BF83" ID-CoL="84QCT" ID-ENA="2908269" authority="Pholyotha & Panha" authorityName="Pholyotha & Sutcharit & Tongkerd & Jeratthitikul & Panha" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,530,424,449]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Taphrenalla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="26" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4674B59FF5D81906236BF83" bold="true" box="[199,327,424,448]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">Taphrenalla</emphasis>
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Pholyotha & Panha
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="E3822550A4674B59FD8181916104BF83" box="[539,629,425,449]" pageId="26" pageNumber="47" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="82DF17B2A4674B59FF1B81D7639BBC6E" pageId="26" pageNumber="47" type="type_taxon">
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||
<paragraph id="CA7A4439A4674B59FF1B81D7639BBC6E" blockId="26.[129,640,495,557]" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4674B59FF1B81D76274BC4B" box="[129,261,495,520]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">
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<typeStatus id="157EFA9BA4674B59FF1B81D763C4BC4B" box="[129,181,495,520]" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4674B59FE8A81D7639BBC6E" authority="Dall, 1897" authorityName="Dall" authorityYear="1897" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Nanina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="26" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diadema" subGenus="Macrochlamys">
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<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4674B59FE8A81D761F1BC4A" box="[272,640,495,521]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">Nanina (Macrochlamys) diadema</emphasis>
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Dall, 1897
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="82DF17B2A4674B59FF1B82646249BD08" pageId="26" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
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||
<paragraph id="CA7A4439A4674B59FF1B82646249BD08" blockId="26.[129,640,604,843]" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4674B59FF1B8264639BBC37" box="[129,234,604,628]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">Etymology</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4674B59FF698264621DBC37" authorityName="Pholyotha & Sutcharit & Tongkerd & Jeratthitikul & Panha" authorityYear="2021" box="[243,364,604,628]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Taphrenalla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="26" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4674B59FF698264621DBC37" box="[243,364,604,628]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">Taphrenalla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is derived from ‘
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<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4674B59FD8B8264613CBC37" box="[529,589,604,628]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">Taphr</emphasis>
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’ (the Greek word ‘
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<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4674B59FE9082B8622BBCDB" box="[266,346,640,664]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">Taphros</emphasis>
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’) meaning ‘trench or ditch’ and ‘
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<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4674B59FF2D829C6384BCFF" box="[183,245,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">enalla</emphasis>
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’ (the Greek word ‘
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<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4674B59FE5E829C617FBCFF" box="[452,526,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">enallax</emphasis>
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’) meaning crosswise. Therefore, the generic name means the snail with transverse ditches or radial grooves on the shell sculpture. The gender of the new generic name is feminine.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="82DF17B2A4674B59FF1B8344609DB8C6" pageId="26" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph id="CA7A4439A4674B59FF1B83446382BDD0" blockId="26.[129,641,892,1346]" box="[129,243,892,915]" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4674B59FF1B83446382BDD0" box="[129,243,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CA7A4439A4674B59FF1B83A7617BBB01" blockId="26.[129,641,892,1346]" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4674B59FF1B83A763C6BDF4" box="[129,183,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">Shell.</emphasis>
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Shell dextral, depressed to globosely depressed, thin, translucent, corneous to dark brown colour. Shell surface shiny, smooth (fig. 4A), with very fine growth lines or sculptured, very weak (fig. 4B) to strong (figs 4C, D) radial grooves starting from suture. Suture shallow impressed (figs 4A, B), deep impressed (fig. 4C), or wide and deep channel-shaped (fig. 4D). Whorls 5–6, increasing regularly. Last whorl rounded to slightly shouldered. Aperture crescentic with simple lip. Columellar margin simple and little expanded near umbilicus. Umbilicus perforate, narrowly opened.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CA7A4439A4674B59FF1B854A6709BFA7" blockId="26.[129,640,1394,1669]" lastBlockId="26.[676,1187,173,484]" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4674B59FF1B854A626DBBC9" box="[129,284,1394,1418]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">Genital organs.</emphasis>
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Genitalia with short to long penis; thick or thin penial sheath. Epiphallic caecum usually straight, rarely a little bent at tip (not spirally coiled); penial retractor muscle attached to head of epiphallic caecum (rarely attached near the head). Flagellum relatively short and enlarged at base. Penial verge well-developed and small to large; penial caecum usually present and short or rarely absent. Female genital organ well-developed; dart apparatus located on vagina or at vagina and penis junction. Spermatophore long, needle-shaped and translucent. Head filament smooth, shorter than sperm sac and gradually thinning to terminal point. Sperm sac enlarged, capsule-shaped and contained whitish sperm mass. Tail filament very long and thin tube; region close to sperm sac bearing one or two spines.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CA7A4439A4674B59FD3E822C60DFBD2C" blockId="26.[676,1187,532,879]" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4674B59FD3E822C6185BC6F" box="[676,756,532,556]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4674B59FD3E822C6181BC6F" box="[676,752,532,556]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Radula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limida" pageId="26" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Radula</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Teeth arranged in U-shape with very wide angle. Central tooth symmetrical tricuspid; mesocone lanceolated-shaped; ectocones short and located at middle of tooth height. Lateral teeth asymmetrical tricuspid; mesocone triangular shaped; endocone smaller than ectocone; ectocone located below endocone. Marginal teeth with obliquely bicuspid, elongate and narrower teeth, and outermost teeth shorter and smaller than inner teeth (fig. 4H).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CA7A4439A4674B59FD3E83A7671EBAF1" blockId="26.[676,1187,927,1669]" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4674B59FD3E83A7602CBDF4" box="[676,861,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">External features.</emphasis>
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Living snails usually covered with reticulated skin; three colourful stripes running from head to tail (one at middle of body and two on each side of body near foot sole). Eye stalks and head usually with dark colour; tail region usually with lighter colour than head region. Pallial cavity and some internal organs visible through translucent shell (figs 4F, G).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CA7A4439A4674B59FD258486609DB8C6" blockId="26.[676,1187,927,1669]" pageId="26" pageNumber="47">Mantle collar large, well developed and composed of two shell lobes and three dorsal lobes (figs 4E–G); shell lobes usually slender and longer than dorsal lobes. Right shell lobe placed on upper shell surface and longer than left shell lobe placed below periphery. Right dorsal lobe larger than left dorsal lobe; left dorsal lobe divided into anterior left dorsal lobe and posterior left dorsal lobe. Foot sole tripartite; caudal foss long and narrow; caudal horn raised and large. Colouration of soft body usually variable from reddish, orange, yellow, milky-white to greyish, and colour disappeared in preserved specimens.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="CA7A4439A4664B58FFF885DA6733B8C8" blockId="27.[98,1157,1506,1675]" pageId="27" pageNumber="48">
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Figure 4 Schematic of shell sculpture, mantle lobes, body terminology and radular of
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<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4664B58FC0F85DA6773BBB4" authority="Pholyotha & Sutcharit & Tongkerd & Jeratthitikul & Panha, 2021" authorityName="Pholyotha & Sutcharit & Tongkerd & Jeratthitikul & Panha" authorityYear="2021" box="[917,1026,1506,1527]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Taphrenalla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="27" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4664B58FC0F85DA6773BBB4" box="[917,1026,1506,1527]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="48">Taphrenalla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="E3822550A4664B58FB9D85DB6729BBBB" box="[1031,1112,1507,1528]" pageId="27" pageNumber="48" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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A–D. radial grooves and suture types on upper shell surface: A. no radial grooves with shallow impressed suture. B. weak to nearly absent radial grooves with impressed suture. C. deep radial grooves with deep impressed suture. D. deep radial grooves with wide and deep channel shaped suture. E. dorsal view of mantle collar. F. right-hand side of snail shows mantle lobes and colour stripes on body. G. left-hand side of snail shows mantle lobes. H. representative SEM images of radular.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="82DF17B2A4614B5FFF1B80956222BF4E" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="CA7A4439A4614B5FFF1B80956222BF4E" blockId="28.[129,641,173,269]" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFF1B80956230BE86" box="[129,321,173,197]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">Distribution range.</emphasis>
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Endemic to Malay Peninsula: Southern Thailand (
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<figureCitation id="52FE58BCA4614B5FFEF280E962D4BEAA" box="[360,421,209,233]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[98,166,1062,1084]" captionTargetBox="[102,1153,164,1043]" captionTargetId="figure-208@3.[102,1153,164,1043]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1 Map showing the sampling sites of the 11 Taphrenalla species along Southern Thailand.Each colour of the distribution range follows the phylogenetic tree of all Taphrenalla species in fig.3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343291/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">fig. 1</figureCitation>
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) and probably in Peninsular Malaysia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="82DF17B2A4614B5FFF1B8105671FBF83" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="CA7A4439A4614B5FFF1B81056251BD40" blockId="28.[128,641,317,1705]" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFF1B810562CFBF16" box="[129,446,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">
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Remarks.
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<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFF79810562CFBF16" baseAuthorityName="Dall" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[227,446,317,341]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Taphrenalla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="diadema">Taphrenalla diadema</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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is the
|
||
<typeStatus id="157EFA9BA4614B5FFD9B8105615EBF16" box="[513,559,317,341]" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the new genus because this species somewhat represents the morphology in general among congeneric species and is also the oldest valid species. Although the absence of radial grooves is evolved in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFE9281C9622CBC4B" authority="Pholyotha & Sutcharit & Tongkerd & Jeratthitikul & Panha, 2021" authorityName="Pholyotha & Sutcharit & Tongkerd & Jeratthitikul & Panha" authorityYear="2021" box="[264,349,497,520]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Taphrenalla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="zemia" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFE9281C9622CBC4B" box="[264,349,497,520]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">T. zemia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E3822550A4614B5FFEF981C962C1BC4B" box="[355,432,497,520]" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFE7981C96156BC4B" authority="Pholyotha & Sutcharit & Tongkerd & Jeratthitikul & Panha, 2021" authorityName="Pholyotha & Sutcharit & Tongkerd & Jeratthitikul & Panha" authorityYear="2021" box="[483,551,496,520]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Taphrenalla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="alba" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFE7981C96156BC4B" box="[483,551,496,520]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">T. alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E3822550A4614B5FFDB481C9610DBC4B" box="[558,636,497,520]" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, they present the other characteristics of yellowish stripes on the body and a simple spermatophore. The spermatophore of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFE2682656170BC37" authority="Pholyotha & Sutcharit & Tongkerd & Jeratthitikul & Panha, 2021" authorityName="Pholyotha & Sutcharit & Tongkerd & Jeratthitikul & Panha" authorityYear="2021" box="[444,513,604,628]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Taphrenalla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="alba" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFE2682656170BC37" box="[444,513,604,628]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">T. alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E3822550A4614B5FFD9282656127BC37" box="[520,598,605,628]" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has two spines near the sperm sac but is spineless in other regions. In addition, the molecular analysis grouped them within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFE0A82F0617DBCA3" authorityName="Pholyotha & Sutcharit & Tongkerd & Jeratthitikul & Panha" authorityYear="2021" box="[400,524,712,736]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Taphrenalla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFE0A82F0617DBCA3" box="[400,524,712,736]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">Taphrenalla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade with strong support.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CA7A4439A4614B5FFF068328607BBEAA" blockId="28.[128,641,317,1705]" lastBlockId="28.[676,1187,173,448]" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">
|
||
For comparison with the other closely related ariophantid genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFEFB830B62ABBD08" authority="Pholyotha & Sutcharit & Tongkerd & Jeratthitikul & Panha, 2021" authorityName="Pholyotha & Sutcharit & Tongkerd & Jeratthitikul & Panha" authorityYear="2021" box="[353,474,819,843]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Taphrenalla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFEFB830B62ABBD08" box="[353,474,819,843]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">Taphrenalla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E3822550A4614B5FFE70830C613CBD08" box="[490,589,820,844]" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFE15836F62BEBD2C" authorityName="Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1907" box="[399,463,855,879]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFE15836F62BEBD2C" box="[399,463,855,879]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">Sarika</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFE72836F610ABD2C" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1847" box="[488,635,855,879]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Macrochlamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFE72836F610ABD2C" box="[488,635,855,879]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">Macrochlamys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFF1A83436388BDD0" authorityName="Blanford" authorityYear="1905" box="[128,249,891,915]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Taphrospira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFF1A83436388BDD0" box="[128,249,891,915]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">Taphrospira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFE9883446237BDD0" authorityName="Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1908" box="[258,326,892,915]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Syama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFE9883446237BDD0" box="[258,326,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">Syama</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFEE3834462BBBDD0" authorityName="Laidlaw" authorityYear="1932" box="[377,458,892,915]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Rasama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFEE3834462BBBDD0" box="[377,458,892,915]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">Rasama</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the shell sculpture having radial grooves, while the others have a smooth shell without radial grooves (
|
||
<tableCitation id="87477182A4614B5FFE6483FB6137BD98" box="[510,582,963,987]" captionStart="table 5" captionStartId="16.[129,189,165,187]" captionTargetBox="[104,1204,252,1192]" captionTargetId="graphics-228@16.[129,1190,261,1172]" captionText="table 5 Comparison of the shell sculpture and genitalia of Taphrenalla gen. nov. and the related genera.Data are taken from the original descriptions and additional references:Blanford & Godwin-Austen (1908) and Schileyko (2002, 2003)" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
). The shell morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFEFA83DF62A3BDBC" authorityName="Albers" authorityYear="1850" box="[352,466,999,1023]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Hemiplecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFEFA83DF62A3BDBC" box="[352,466,999,1023]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">Hemiplecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFD9783DF61F1BDBD" authorityName="Morch" authorityYear="1872" box="[525,640,999,1022]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Cryptozona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFD9783DF61F1BDBD" box="[525,640,999,1022]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">Cryptozona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are clearly different from the new genus in being much larger, with a smooth shell surface and without a radial groove. Regarding the genitalia anatomy,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFE93844E62F3BACD" authority="Pholyotha & Sutcharit & Tongkerd & Jeratthitikul & Panha, 2021" authorityName="Pholyotha & Sutcharit & Tongkerd & Jeratthitikul & Panha" authorityYear="2021" box="[265,386,1142,1166]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Taphrenalla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFE93844E62F3BACD" box="[265,386,1142,1166]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">Taphrenalla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E3822550A4614B5FFE16844F6298BACD" box="[396,489,1143,1167]" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
have a penial verge, dart apparatus, and straight or slightly bent epiphallic caecum. Compared to the other genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFF3184DA624FBAB9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1847" box="[171,318,1250,1274]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Macrochlamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFF3184DA624FBAB9" box="[171,318,1250,1274]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">Macrochlamys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFEEA84DA62C5BABA" authorityName="Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1908" box="[368,436,1250,1273]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Syama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFEEA84DA62C5BABA" box="[368,436,1250,1273]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">Syama</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
both have a spirally coiled epiphallic caecum, but only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFE75853E6142BB5E" authorityName="Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1908" box="[495,563,1286,1309]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Syama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFE75853E6142BB5E" box="[495,563,1286,1309]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">Syama</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has no dart apparatus. The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFE0D85126161BB01" authorityName="Blanford" authorityYear="1905" box="[407,528,1322,1346]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Taphrospira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFE0D85126161BB01" box="[407,528,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">Taphrospira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has a straight epiphallic caecum and is without a dart apparatus, while the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFE0D854A6299BBCA" authorityName="Laidlaw" authorityYear="1932" box="[407,488,1394,1417]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicarionidae" genus="Rasama" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFE0D854A6299BBCA" box="[407,488,1394,1417]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">Rasama</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has neither an epiphallic caecum nor a dart apparatus (Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908; Schileyko, 2002, 2003). Thus, the genitalia of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFE5E85E56175BBB6" authorityName="Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1907" box="[452,516,1501,1525]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFE5E85E56175BBB6" box="[452,516,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">Sarika</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFF1A86396388B85A" authority="Pholyotha & Sutcharit & Tongkerd & Jeratthitikul & Panha, 2021" authorityName="Pholyotha & Sutcharit & Tongkerd & Jeratthitikul & Panha" authorityYear="2021" box="[128,249,1537,1561]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Taphrenalla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFF1A86396388B85A" box="[128,249,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">Taphrenalla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E3822550A4614B5FFE98863A622EB85A" box="[258,351,1538,1562]" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
However, all species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFF5B861D6270B87E" authorityName="Godwin-Austen" authorityYear="1907" box="[193,257,1573,1597]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFF5B861D6270B87E" box="[193,257,1573,1597]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">Sarika</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFEE9861E610DB87E" authority="(Benson, 1860)" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[371,636,1573,1597]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="consepta">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFEE9861E6290B87E" box="[371,481,1574,1597]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">S. consepta</emphasis>
|
||
(Benson, 1860)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have no penial verge (Pholyotha et al., 2020), while this character is present in all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFE28865561F0B8C6" box="[434,641,1645,1669]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Taphrenalla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFE288655615AB8C6" box="[434,555,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">Taphrenalla</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
The taxonomic status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFE1C86A96286B8EA" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[390,503,1681,1705]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ariophantidae" genus="Sarika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="28" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="consepta">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFE1C86A96286B8EA" box="[390,503,1681,1705]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">S. consepta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is needed to be investigated in the future using a molecular approach.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CA7A4439A4614B5FFD2580CD671FBF83" blockId="28.[676,1187,173,448]" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">
|
||
In addition, most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFC0880CD6714BF4E" box="[914,1125,245,269]" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFC0880CD677ABF4E" box="[914,1035,245,269]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">Taphrenalla</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have bright body colouration patterns of the left, middle, and right stripes, either restricted to the head section or running from head to tail, while all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC53FBAA4614B5FFD5F81BC6026BFDF" box="[709,855,388,412]" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8B1982BA4614B5FFD5F81BC6074BFDF" box="[709,773,388,412]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="49">Sarika</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a monochrome greyish to blackish body colour (Pholyotha et al., 2020).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |