treatments-xml/data/FA/0B/D9/FA0BD96DE330FFF5FF32031EB0E8CCF7.xml
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<mods:title id="D84DA0449CA38ED4167F164BD8D90B68">Triassic clam shrimps (“ Conchostraca ”; Branchiopoda: Diplostraca) from Mallorca: Taxonomic description and interregional comparisons</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8A20177B35F9FBA49422BA0A09E8DD61">Matamales-Andreu, Rafel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="59EFAEB3345AC670C51D3566578C6BBF">Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont (ICP), C / de les Columnes s / n, Edifici Z (ICTA-ICP), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain. &amp; Museu Balear de Ciències Naturals, Carretera Palma-Port de Sóller Km. 30, 07100 Sóller, Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="721D687BE330FFF4FF32031EB1E2CDB8" blockId="4.[151,933,871,898]" box="[151,933,871,898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
<heading id="2955DF17E330FFF4FF32031EB1E2CDB8" bold="true" box="[151,933,871,898]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" reason="1">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E330FFF4FF32031EB1E2CDB8" bold="true" box="[151,933,871,898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E330FFF4FF4B031EB020CDB8" authority="Kozur et Lepper" authorityName="Kozur et Lepper" box="[238,615,871,898]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Xiangxiellidae" genus="Hornestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E330FFF4FF4B031EB3C8CDBB" bold="true" box="[238,399,871,898]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Hornestheria</emphasis>
Kozur et Lepper
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE330FFF4FD2B031EB1E2CDB8" author="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E." box="[654,933,871,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" pagination="315 - 417" refId="ref14204" refString="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E. (2010) The biostratigraphic importance of conchostracans in the continental Triassic of the northern hemisphere. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 334, 315 - 417. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / SP 334.13" type="journal article" year="2010">Kozur et Weems, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3AB83BF0E330FFF4FF3203D6B334CA44" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="721D687BE330FFF4FF3203D6B334CA44" blockId="4.[151,1437,943,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E330FFF4FF3203D6B372CDF0" bold="true" box="[151,309,943,969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Type species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E330FFF4FE9B03D6B161CDF3" authority="Kozur et Lepper" authorityName="Kozur et Lepper" box="[318,806,943,970]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Xiangxiellidae" genus="Hornestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sollingensis">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E330FFF4FE9B03D6B026CDF0" box="[318,609,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Hornestheria sollingensis</emphasis>
Kozur et Lepper
</taxonomicName>
(in
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE330FFF4FCFC03C9B621CDF0" author="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E." box="[857,1126,943,970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" pagination="315 - 417" refId="ref14204" refString="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E. (2010) The biostratigraphic importance of conchostracans in the continental Triassic of the northern hemisphere. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 334, 315 - 417. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / SP 334.13" type="journal article" year="2010">Kozur &amp; Weems, 2010</bibRefCitation>
); from the Frohrieper Berg Quarry (East of the town of Lauenförde,
<collectingRegion id="B066A699E330FFF4FDFA03ADB143CDD4" box="[607,772,979,1006]" country="Germany" name="Niedersachsen" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Lower Saxony</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AB528EBE330FFF4FCAA03AAB13BCDD4" box="[783,892,979,1005]" name="Germany" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Germany</collectingCountry>
), Solling Formation (Middle Buntsandstein Subgroup, Buntsandstein Group), uppermost Spathian (uppermost Olenekian, uppermost Lower Triassic) (
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE330FFF4FA90038EB36ACA0C" author="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E." pageId="4" pageNumber="475" pagination="315 - 417" refId="ref14204" refString="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E. (2010) The biostratigraphic importance of conchostracans in the continental Triassic of the northern hemisphere. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 334, 315 - 417. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / SP 334.13" type="journal article" year="2010">Kozur &amp; Weems 2010</bibRefCitation>
: p. 395).
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<emphasis id="40D6B469E330FFF4FE3D0462B0FDCA0C" box="[408,698,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Hornestheria sollingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was used in stratigraphic charts (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE330FFF4FBCA0462B7D2CA0C" author="Bachmann, G. H. &amp; Kozur, H. W." box="[1135,1429,1051,1078]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" pagination="17 - 62" refId="ref12141" refString="Bachmann, G. H. &amp; Kozur, H. W. 2004. The Germanic Triassic: correlations with the international chronostratigraphic scale, numerical ages and Milankovitch cyclicity. Hallesches Jahrbuch fur Geowissenschaften, Reihe B, 26, 17 - 62." type="journal article" year="2004">Bachmann &amp; Kozur 2004</bibRefCitation>
) before the taxonomic characteristics for its genus and species levels were formally published by
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE330FFF4FB7A0439B29ACA44" author="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E." pageId="4" pageNumber="475" pagination="315 - 417" refId="ref14204" refString="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E. (2010) The biostratigraphic importance of conchostracans in the continental Triassic of the northern hemisphere. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 334, 315 - 417. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / SP 334.13" type="journal article" year="2010">Kozur &amp; Weems (2010</bibRefCitation>
: appendix 1).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="721D687BE330FFF4FF6204FEB2A1CBA4" blockId="4.[151,1437,943,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E330FFF4FF6204FEB37CCA98" bold="true" box="[199,315,1159,1185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Remarks.</emphasis>
A diagnosis of this genus was proposed by H.W. Kozur and J. Lepper (in
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE330FFF4FBCF04F1B721CA98" author="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E." box="[1130,1382,1159,1186]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" pagination="315 - 417" refId="ref14204" refString="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E. (2010) The biostratigraphic importance of conchostracans in the continental Triassic of the northern hemisphere. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 334, 315 - 417. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / SP 334.13" type="journal article" year="2010">Kozur &amp; Weems 2010</bibRefCitation>
), but metric values for total carapace valve length and height were not provided. Besides a low convexity of the carapace valves and their almost straight dorsal margin, other characteristics of
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<emphasis id="40D6B469E330FFF4FC0E04B6B607CAD0" box="[939,1088,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Hornestheria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
included the location of points of maximum curvature of the anterior margin in the horizontal midline of the carapace valve and of the posterior margin below the horizontal midline (
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE330FFF4FDE9056EB111CB08" author="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E." box="[588,854,1303,1330]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" pagination="315 - 417" refId="ref14204" refString="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E. (2010) The biostratigraphic importance of conchostracans in the continental Triassic of the northern hemisphere. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 334, 315 - 417. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / SP 334.13" type="journal article" year="2010">Kozur &amp; Weems 2010</bibRefCitation>
). The larval carapace valve (=umbonal area of the valve free of growth lines) bore a rather enigmatic radial element, which was either “often quite distinct” (
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE330FFF4FAF10542B30CCB40" author="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E." pageId="4" pageNumber="475" pagination="315 - 417" refId="ref14204" refString="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E. (2010) The biostratigraphic importance of conchostracans in the continental Triassic of the northern hemisphere. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 334, 315 - 417. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / SP 334.13" type="journal article" year="2010">Kozur &amp; Weems 2010</bibRefCitation>
: p. 395) or unrecognizable, depending on the respective preservation state of individual carapace valves.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="721D687BE330FFF4FF6205DEB371C8A0" blockId="4.[151,1437,943,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
Based on the description of
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<emphasis id="40D6B469E330FFF4FDA705DEB0D0CBF8" box="[514,663,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Hornestheria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE330FFF4FD1E05D1B18CCBF8" author="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E." box="[699,971,1447,1474]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" pagination="315 - 417" refId="ref14204" refString="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E. (2010) The biostratigraphic importance of conchostracans in the continental Triassic of the northern hemisphere. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 334, 315 - 417. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / SP 334.13" type="journal article" year="2010">Kozur &amp; Weems (2010)</bibRefCitation>
, the radial element on the larval carapace valves of
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E330FFF4FEA605B2B3DFCBDC" box="[259,408,1483,1509]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Xiangxiellidae" genus="Hornestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E330FFF4FEA605B2B3DFCBDC" box="[259,408,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Hornestheria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
most closely resembles that of
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E330FFF4FD5205B2B6E6CBDC" authority="Deperet et Mazeran, 1912" authorityName="Deperet et Mazeran" authorityYear="1912" box="[759,1185,1483,1510]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Lioestheriidae" genus="Lioestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E330FFF4FD5205B2B130CBDC" box="[759,887,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Lioestheria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE330FFF4FCD805B2B6E6CBDC" author="Deperet, C. &amp; Mazeran, P." box="[893,1185,1483,1510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" pagination="165 - 174" refId="ref12840" refString="Deperet, C. &amp; Mazeran, P. (1912) Les Estheria du Permien d'Autun. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle d'Autun, 25, 165 - 174." type="journal article" year="1912">Depéret et Mazeran, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which has both nodular and radial sculptures on its larval carapace valves (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE330FFF4FC950589B1BFC830" author="Kozur, H. &amp; Martens, T. &amp; Pacaud, G." box="[816,1016,1519,1546]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" pagination="1437 - 1445" refId="ref14259" refString="Kozur, H., Martens, T. &amp; Pacaud, G. (1981) Revision von &quot; Estheria &quot; (Lioestheria) lallyensis Deperet &amp; Mazeran, 1912 und &quot; Euestheria &quot; autunensis Raymond, 1946. Zeitschrift fur Geologische Wissenschaften, 9, 1437 - 1445." type="journal article" year="1981">
Kozur
<emphasis id="40D6B469E330FFF4FCD80589B1E9C830" box="[893,942,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">et al</emphasis>
. 1981
</bibRefCitation>
). In contrast, however, the size of the larval carapace valve in adult individuals of
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E330FFF4FD26066AB144C814" authorityName="Deperet et Mazeran" authorityYear="1912" box="[643,771,1555,1581]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Lioestheriidae" genus="Lioestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E330FFF4FD26066AB144C814" box="[643,771,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Lioestheria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is greater than 1/3 of the total carapace valve length (
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE330FFF4FAF0066AB37BC868" author="Holub, V. &amp; Kozur, H." pageId="4" pageNumber="475" pagination="39 - 94" refId="ref13727" refString="Holub, V. &amp; Kozur, H. (1981) Revision einiger Conchostracen-Faunen des Rotliegenden und biostratigraphische Auswertung der Conchostracen des Rotliegenden. Geologisch-Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck, 11 (2), 39 - 94." type="journal article" year="1981">Holub &amp; Kozur 1981</bibRefCitation>
), and this is much larger relatively than the size of the larval valve seen in the carapace of the genus
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E330FFF4FF320622B36BC84C" box="[151,300,1627,1653]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Xiangxiellidae" genus="Hornestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E330FFF4FF320622B36BC84C" box="[151,300,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Hornestheria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This difference provides a clear distinction between
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E330FFF4FC320622B66BC84C" box="[919,1068,1627,1653]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Xiangxiellidae" genus="Hornestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E330FFF4FC320622B66BC84C" box="[919,1068,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Hornestheria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E330FFF4FBC20622B375C8A0" authority="sensu Holub &amp; Kozur (1981)" authorityName="Holub &amp; Kozur" authorityYear="1981" class="Branchiopoda" family="Lioestheriidae" genus="Lioestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E330FFF4FBC20622B6A0C84C" box="[1127,1255,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Lioestheria</emphasis>
sensu
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE330FFF4FA920622B375C8A0" author="Holub, V. &amp; Kozur, H." pageId="4" pageNumber="475" pagination="39 - 94" refId="ref13727" refString="Holub, V. &amp; Kozur, H. (1981) Revision einiger Conchostracen-Faunen des Rotliegenden und biostratigraphische Auswertung der Conchostracen des Rotliegenden. Geologisch-Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck, 11 (2), 39 - 94." type="journal article" year="1981">Holub &amp; Kozur (1981)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="721D687BE330FFF4FF6206DAB7D3C9AF" blockId="4.[151,1437,943,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
Prominent sculptures are also found on the larval carapace valves of the clam shrimp genus
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E330FFF4FB6806DDB295C8D8" authority="Lutkevich, 1937" authorityName="Lutkevich" authorityYear="1937" genus="Cornia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E330FFF4FB6806DDB75BC887" box="[1229,1308,1700,1726]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Cornia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE330FFF4FA8106DAB295C8D8" author="Lutkevich, E. M." pageId="4" pageNumber="475" pagination="60 - 70" refId="ref14675" refString="Lutkevich, E. M. (1937) O nekotorykh Phyllopoda SSSR. Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva, 11, 60 - 70. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1937">Lutkevich, 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, which is widely distributed in the Lower Triassic (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE330FFF4FCE206B1B602C8D8" author="Kozur, H. &amp; Seidel, G." box="[839,1093,1735,1762]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" pagination="295 - 423" refId="ref14110" refString="Kozur, H. &amp; Seidel, G. (1983 a) Revision der Conchostracen-Faunen des unteren und mittleren Buntsandsteins. Teil I. Zeitschrift fur Geologische Wissenschaften, 11 (3), 295 - 423." type="journal article" year="1983">Kozur &amp; Seidel 1983a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE330FFF4FBF506B1B77AC8D8" author="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Mock, R." box="[1104,1341,1735,1762]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" pagination="261 - 266" refId="ref14067" refString="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Mock, R. (1993) The importance of conchostracans for the correlation of continental and marine beds. New Mexico Museum of Natural History &amp; Science Bulletin, 3, 261 - 266." type="journal article" year="1993">Kozur &amp; Mock 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE330FFF4FAED06BEB2B1C93C" author="Tassi, L. V. &amp; Monti, M. &amp; Gallego, O. F. &amp; Zavattieri, A. M. &amp; Lara, M. B." pageId="4" pageNumber="475" pagination="189 - 202" refId="ref16405" refString="Tassi, L. V., Monti, M., Gallego, O. F., Zavattieri, A. M. &amp; Lara, M. B. (2013) The first spinicaudatan (Crustacea: Diplostraca) from Permo-Triassic continental sequences in South America and its palaeoecological context. Alcheringa, 37, 189 - 202. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03115518.2013.736793" type="journal article" year="2013">
Tassi
<emphasis id="40D6B469E330FFF4FA2D06B1B2EAC93C" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE330FFF4FEA60692B398C93F" author="Scholze, F. &amp; Schneider, J. W. &amp; Werneburg, R." box="[259,479,1771,1798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" pagination="174 - 193" refId="ref15649" refString="Scholze, F., Schneider, J. W. &amp; Werneburg, R. (2016) Conchostracans in continental deposits of the Zechstein-Buntsandstein transition in central Germany: Taxonomy and biostratigraphic implications for the position of the Permian-Triassic boundary within the Zechstein Group. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 449, 174 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2016.02.021" type="journal article" year="2016">
Scholze
<emphasis id="40D6B469E330FFF4FEC60695B3D3C93C" box="[355,404,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). This genus is characterized by an umbonal spine with a circular base located on the larval carapace valve. The spine can be variably preserved (Kozur 1983), being either perpendicular or obliquely embedded in the sediment or being broken, due to variable deformation (e.g., sedimentary compaction) of the rock. According to the description for
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E330FFF4FDA7072EB0D0C948" box="[514,663,1879,1905]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Xiangxiellidae" genus="Hornestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E330FFF4FDA7072EB0D0C948" box="[514,663,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Hornestheria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
provided by
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE330FFF4FC8C0721B671C948" author="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E." box="[809,1078,1879,1906]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" pagination="315 - 417" refId="ref14204" refString="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E. (2010) The biostratigraphic importance of conchostracans in the continental Triassic of the northern hemisphere. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 334, 315 - 417. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / SP 334.13" type="journal article" year="2010">Kozur &amp; Weems (2010)</bibRefCitation>
, the generally radial shape of its larval sculpture makes it consistently different from the circular shape of the base of the umbonal spine in
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E330FFF4FA9B0705B7CAC9AF" authorityName="Lutkevich" authorityYear="1937" box="[1342,1421,1916,1942]" genus="Cornia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E330FFF4FA9B0705B7CAC9AF" box="[1342,1421,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Cornia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="721D687BE330FFF5FF6207E6B28DCF24" blockId="4.[151,1437,943,2014]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,718]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="476" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">
A further characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E330FFF4FE4807E6B0C5C980" box="[493,642,1951,1977]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Xiangxiellidae" genus="Hornestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E330FFF4FE4807E6B0C5C980" box="[493,642,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">Hornestheria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the sense of H.W. Kozur and J. Lepper (in
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE330FFF4FB2407D9B73BC980" author="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E." box="[1153,1404,1951,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475" pagination="315 - 417" refId="ref14204" refString="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E. (2010) The biostratigraphic importance of conchostracans in the continental Triassic of the northern hemisphere. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 334, 315 - 417. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / SP 334.13" type="journal article" year="2010">Kozur &amp; Weems 2010</bibRefCitation>
) is the presence of certain
<typeStatus id="AD19D6D9E330FFF4FE3D07BDB394C9E7" box="[408,467,1988,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="475">types</typeStatus>
of microsculpture (ornamentation) located on the growth bands of the carapace valves. The ornamentation of the genus
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E331FFF5FDA100EEB0DECE88" box="[516,665,151,177]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Xiangxiellidae" genus="Hornestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E331FFF5FDA100EEB0DECE88" box="[516,665,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Hornestheria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described as a dense, fine reticulation, which became replaced by fine, short, radial lines in the outer margins in adult individuals (
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE331FFF5FBA500C2B743CEEC" author="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E." box="[1024,1284,187,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" pagination="315 - 417" refId="ref14204" refString="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E. (2010) The biostratigraphic importance of conchostracans in the continental Triassic of the northern hemisphere. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 334, 315 - 417. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / SP 334.13" type="journal article" year="2010">Kozur &amp; Weems 2010</bibRefCitation>
). However, it should be noted that the figures of
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E331FFF5FDB900A6B085CEC0" box="[540,706,223,249]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Xiangxiellidae" genus="Hornestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sollingensis">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E331FFF5FDB900A6B077CEC1" box="[540,560,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="40D6B469E331FFF5FD9B00A6B085CEC0" box="[574,706,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">sollingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE331FFF5FD4300A6B1AACEC0" author="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E." box="[742,1005,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" pagination="315 - 417" refId="ref14204" refString="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E. (2010) The biostratigraphic importance of conchostracans in the continental Triassic of the northern hemisphere. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 334, 315 - 417. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / SP 334.13" type="journal article" year="2010">Kozur &amp; Weems (2010</bibRefCitation>
: fig. A2) show only indistinct reticulation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="721D687BE331FFF5FF62015EB1B9CC58" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,718]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">
In lateral view, the carapace valves of
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E331FFF5FDD2015EB14BCF78" box="[631,780,295,321]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Xiangxiellidae" genus="Hornestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E331FFF5FDD2015EB14BCF78" box="[631,780,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Hornestheria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E331FFF5FBD4015EB359CF5C" authority="Deperet et Mazeran, 1912" authorityName="Deperet et Mazeran" authorityYear="1912" class="Branchiopoda" family="Lioestheriidae" genus="Euestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E331FFF5FBD4015EB6ADCF78" box="[1137,1258,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Euestheria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE331FFF5FB57015EB359CF5C" author="Deperet, C. &amp; Mazeran, P." pageId="5" pageNumber="476" pagination="165 - 174" refId="ref12840" refString="Deperet, C. &amp; Mazeran, P. (1912) Les Estheria du Permien d'Autun. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle d'Autun, 25, 165 - 174." type="journal article" year="1912">Depéret et Mazeran, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E331FFF5FEFE0132B0D1CF5C" authority="Kozur, 1982" authorityName="Kozur" authorityYear="1982" box="[347,662,331,357]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Magniestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E331FFF5FEFE0132B3B9CF5C" box="[347,510,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Magniestheria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE331FFF5FDA20132B0D1CF5C" author="Kozur, H." box="[519,662,331,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" pagination="355 - 398" refId="ref13946" refString="Kozur, H. (1982) Beitrage zur Taxonomie und stratigraphischen Auswertung der untertriassischen Conchostracen. Geologisch- Palaontologische Mitteilungen Innsbruck, 11 (11), 355 - 398." type="journal article" year="1982">Kozur, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. However, in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E331FFF5FC110132B60ECF5C" box="[948,1097,331,357]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Xiangxiellidae" genus="Hornestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E331FFF5FC110132B60ECF5C" box="[948,1097,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Hornestheria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the carapace valves of
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E331FFF5FAF90132B29DCFB0" authorityName="Deperet et Mazeran" authorityYear="1912" class="Branchiopoda" family="Lioestheriidae" genus="Euestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E331FFF5FAF90132B29DCFB0" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Euestheria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a more strongly convex shape with its highest convexity in the umbonal area. The highest convexity in carapace valves of
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E331FFF5FED701EAB052CF94" authorityName="Kozur" authorityYear="1982" box="[370,533,403,429]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Magniestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E331FFF5FED701EAB052CF94" box="[370,533,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Magniestheria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is located in its central area. Both
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E331FFF5FC0301EAB658CF94" authorityName="Deperet et Mazeran" authorityYear="1912" box="[934,1055,403,429]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Lioestheriidae" genus="Euestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E331FFF5FC0301EAB658CF94" box="[934,1055,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Euestheria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E331FFF5FBFD01EAB6BCCF94" authorityName="Kozur" authorityYear="1982" box="[1112,1275,403,429]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Magniestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E331FFF5FBFD01EAB6BCCF94" box="[1112,1275,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Magniestheria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ in their ornamentation from
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E331FFF5FE2601CEB05FCFE8" box="[387,536,439,465]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Xiangxiellidae" genus="Hornestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E331FFF5FE2601CEB05FCFE8" box="[387,536,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Hornestheria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The ornamentation of
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E331FFF5FC8C01CEB1E5CFE8" authorityName="Deperet et Mazeran" authorityYear="1912" box="[809,930,439,465]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Lioestheriidae" genus="Euestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E331FFF5FC8C01CEB1E5CFE8" box="[809,930,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Euestheria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is either finely dotted to weakly reticulated (
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE331FFF5FF3A01A2B3DACFCC" author="Kozur, H. &amp; Seidel, G." box="[159,413,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" pagination="295 - 423" refId="ref14110" refString="Kozur, H. &amp; Seidel, G. (1983 a) Revision der Conchostracen-Faunen des unteren und mittleren Buntsandsteins. Teil I. Zeitschrift fur Geologische Wissenschaften, 11 (3), 295 - 423." type="journal article" year="1983">Kozur &amp; Seidel 1983a</bibRefCitation>
) or very finely pitted, having pits of round to round-oval shapes with diameters of about 10 μm (
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE331FFF5FF6F0186B37ECC20" author="Sell, J." box="[202,313,511,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" pagination="55 - 90" refId="ref15982" refString="Sell, J. (2018) Die Euestheriidae (Conchostraca) des Oberen Muschelkalks und Unteren Keupers von Unterfranken. Semana, 33, 55 - 90." type="journal article" year="2018">Sell 2018</bibRefCitation>
), that appear generally to be more regular and smoother than the ornamentation seen in
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E331FFF5FAA50186B7D2CC20" box="[1280,1429,511,537]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Xiangxiellidae" genus="Hornestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E331FFF5FAA50186B7D2CC20" box="[1280,1429,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Hornestheria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The ornamentation of
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E331FFF5FE35025AB074CC04" authorityName="Kozur" authorityYear="1982" box="[400,563,547,573]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Magniestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E331FFF5FE35025AB074CC04" box="[400,563,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Magniestheria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is indistinct, varying between coarse pits and very short, irregular, radial lines (
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE331FFF5FF3A023EB3E7CC58" author="Kozur, H. &amp; Seidel, G." box="[159,416,583,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" pagination="295 - 423" refId="ref14110" refString="Kozur, H. &amp; Seidel, G. (1983 a) Revision der Conchostracen-Faunen des unteren und mittleren Buntsandsteins. Teil I. Zeitschrift fur Geologische Wissenschaften, 11 (3), 295 - 423." type="journal article" year="1983">Kozur &amp; Seidel 1983a</bibRefCitation>
); their expression is less intense than in
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E331FFF5FCC7023EB1B0CC58" box="[866,1015,583,609]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Xiangxiellidae" genus="Hornestheria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E331FFF5FCC7023EB1B0CC58" box="[866,1015,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Hornestheria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="721D687BE331FFF5FF620213B0E8CCF7" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,718]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E331FFF5FF620213B31DCCBD" bold="true" box="[199,346,618,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Occurrence.</emphasis>
Uppermost Spathian (uppermost Olenekian; upper Lower Triassic) and Anisian (lower Middle Triassic) in
<collectingCountry id="0AB528EBE331FFF5FEBB02F6B3C1CC90" box="[286,390,655,681]" name="Germany" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE331FFF5FE3302F6B0DECC90" author="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E." box="[406,665,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" pagination="315 - 417" refId="ref14204" refString="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E. (2010) The biostratigraphic importance of conchostracans in the continental Triassic of the northern hemisphere. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 334, 315 - 417. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / SP 334.13" type="journal article" year="2010">Kozur &amp; Weems 2010</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="0AB528EBE331FFF5FD0B02F6B0B6CC90" box="[686,753,655,681]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">China</collectingCountry>
(see discussions on “
<taxonomicName id="B5A213F8E331FFF5FC4302F6B6EBCC91" authorityName="Tasch" authorityYear="1962" box="[998,1196,655,680]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Protomonocarina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40D6B469E331FFF5FC4302F6B6EBCC91" box="[998,1196,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="476">Protomonocarina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” in
<bibRefCitation id="1633158AE331FFF5FB7A02F6B294CCF4" author="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E." pageId="5" pageNumber="476" pagination="315 - 417" refId="ref14204" refString="Kozur, H. W. &amp; Weems, R. E. (2010) The biostratigraphic importance of conchostracans in the continental Triassic of the northern hemisphere. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 334, 315 - 417. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / SP 334.13" type="journal article" year="2010">Kozur &amp; Weems 2010</bibRefCitation>
: p. 395), and Mallorca (the present study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>