154 lines
22 KiB
XML
154 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="4641B28CDADB3EC885FAB17941302710" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-CLB-Dataset="52946" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d3e43438-35d7-4818-85a1-3795b61054a3" ModsDocAuthor="Fisher, B. L." ModsDocID="21365" checkinTime="1244213914919" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Yoshimura, M. & Fisher, B. L." docDate="2007" docId="D9A312D320DDF4E50AD37E080A34C3AC" docLanguage="en" docName="21365_gg2.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1654" docSource="http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/zt01654p040.pdf" docTitle="Ponerinae" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="237D5450563C643703CFCB1A0B7C8834" masterDocTitle="A revision of male ants of the Malagasy region (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Key to subfamilies and treatment of the genera of Ponerinae." masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1719837299315" updateUser="admin">
|
|
<mods:mods id="56B647E413504219F4E22C9381E7C6D8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="1121155C59CCC2633D9DA20B532BB911">
|
|
<mods:title id="910E796CC00644F654A690837654F4BB">A revision of male ants of the Malagasy region (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Key to subfamilies and treatment of the genera of Ponerinae.</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="30ABC991D2D539BD210387045EE89816" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="47026482EE6EBF1CE3B297D2B85530C6">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="CC4CFB00D61DAB271DC40AA5E98E6449">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="E267357525901F4C89DC56B534413D08">Yoshimura, M.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="36B2A2FC1B1BBBC8E8F357434AA2F471" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="D1E62C760B79206BB58B9F68DC07EEC0">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="31A41CC788FCC88D4BC5CC68A5C8C17C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="76D12D73E92E7837B7F6B7DA0B2389CA">Fisher, B. L.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="0B05ED1C5D5760DF28AE754E141B8C0F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="5E99439F4367DC3FF45A194AF8921294" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="4812CDE6AE391C1F3DEA61CC0A0FC51B">
|
|
<mods:title id="1D0B4992652A762187237AB1E3EC3F93">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="D3CC4F1BC48402E2EA8A429746F18270">
|
|
<mods:date id="5C322717F92E20074A0DA729EA84F339">2007</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="E59D9DB20BA104F87AE1E9F5DAF5085F" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="F6F955960F1D02715A2EE124B1A26776">1654</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="152E41C6938A352DC17991C910DB3153" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="33769C2C299F6C3A8502D39152D773B7">21</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="5071E4DD621DC3D8016B080D48243C7B">40</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location id="71F2345B3245FDE4416351E737569670">
|
|
<mods:url id="A8DF714B10D6F1296F3522AA0CE2CC6B">http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/zt01654p040.pdf</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification id="E59EC869703E812B19716809CF71AB20">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="2CEA1BC073C77039CD031BB1FA141ECD" type="HNS-Pub">21365</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="D9A312D320DDF4E50AD37E080A34C3AC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6248715" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100125634" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6248715" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D9A312D320DDF4E50AD37E080A34C3AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D9A312D320DDF4E50AD37E080A34C3AC" lastPageNumber="30" pageNumber="30">
|
|
<subSubSection id="0661B4C60D74AF4A8D899CF5C9C2FBAC" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="6C473CA0E34CB61C2032745055672031" pageNumber="30">
|
|
Diagnosis of male ants of the subfamily
|
|
<taxonomicName id="35FDF682C95706CE29C530BD0F2C3FD8" ID-CoL="K6Z" ID-ENA="43085" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2261" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponerinae Lepeletier" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
in The Malagasy region
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="2AAE28FD6E227B7CFE702880E27C9033" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="65D56B3586CD6ADACF4CF1495716D688" pageNumber="30">Antenna filiform, consisting of 13 segments. Scape not reaching posterior margin of head. Oblique mesopleural furrow not reaching pronotum at its posteroventral corner. Scuto-scutellar suture usually longitudinally sculptured. Petiole attached to abdominal segment III ventrally, so that dorsal constriction between the two segments is distinct and deep. Abdominal segment III as large as segment IV. Apical portion of abdominal sternum IX not bi-spinose. Pygostyles well developed. Hind tibia with one or two spurs. Forewing with costa, subcosta, radius, radial sector, media, cubitus, and anal veins present, as are 2r-rs, 2rs-m, 1m-cu, and cu-a cross veins.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D90FFE9F344162042089CA288EC9C2F6" pageNumber="30">
|
|
Remarks. Our key includes all seven ponerine genera recorded from the Malagasy region. Discussions of other groups in the key to subfamilies will appear in future publications. Ergatoid males are known from several genera (e.g.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="20EB5D6967AF393C6F27AAA766F59F00" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
|
|
in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="75C26E839F50047CEF2D880436C9F078" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2261" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponerinae Lepeletier" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C196104F9469A0FD8B69A193E34CF1D0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2485" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Technomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Technomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Technomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
|
in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="23EEEAEFB394E0968FB2E541422900D0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2250" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Dolichoderinae Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dolichoderinae">Dolichoderinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6CBABB4078499402A6A8BD3D043B64B0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2513" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cardiocondyla Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cardiocondyla</taxonomicName>
|
|
in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="573D877104B7F50F1404D7C0A0E00C93" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2258" authority="Lepeletier, 1835" authorityName="Lepeletier" authorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Myrmicinae Lepeletier" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Myrmicinae">Myrmicinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
) but were excluded from this subfamily key. Ergatoid males of ponerine ants are easily distinguished by having: (1) abdominal segment III as large as segment IV; and (2) a distinct constriction between abdominal segments III and IV.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8DF66E428ED031AB5464BA06FB132769" pageNumber="30">
|
|
The characters used in the subfamily key are diagnostic for taxa in the Malagasy region only and might not apply to ants collected elsewhere. As in previous studies (Smith, 1943; Yoshimura & Onoyama, 2002), bispinose abdominal sternum IX is commonly used to separate the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C08F01E67BA518D68B9A2F57B93FB635" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2249" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Cerapachyinae Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cerapachyinae">Cerapachyinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
from other subfamilies. Bolton(2003) mentions a single species, the Neotropical
|
|
<taxonomicName id="54D55F8842042A7B6A85E54788E779B4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33253" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachycondyla crassinoda (Latreille)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassinoda">Pachycondyla crassinoda (Latreille</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 1802), having this character in the subfamily
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7BAA74776D578B297566C610C701DC6C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2261" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponerinae Lepeletier" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. We use the character of abdominal sternum IX because it is diagnostic within the Malagasy region. No known character is universally applicable to separate the males of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B30421F459C69CB4D3C3E2114620BA1C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2261" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponerinae Lepeletier" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FDEB30A082A53CB812C5F9722B5F2591" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2254" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formicinae Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5B8044997C1EE9FE831FF6EE1B0D8DE0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2250" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Dolichoderinae Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dolichoderinae">Dolichoderinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. In this key, the longitudinally sculptured scuto-scutellar suture and the presence of the 2rs-m cross vein on the forewing is used to separate
|
|
<taxonomicName id="45FD432EF11F51C81B77ECBC2E22E402" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2261" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponerinae Lepeletier" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
from the other two subfamilies,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="42CBDB3F3E920603085264A36974A1D4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2254" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formicinae Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CC86214184D55D555289142BAFB3D382" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2250" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Dolichoderinae Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dolichoderinae">Dolichoderinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="201C6FE24875BE19453D45F667278447" pageNumber="30">
|
|
A few exceptions, however, exist for these character states in the region. For example, the scuto-scutellar suture in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B5DBFE53FB30D5357C4F893C4C312FA0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32984" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus coquereli Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coquereli">Odontomachus coquereli</taxonomicName>
|
|
is smooth and shiny, not longitudinally sculptured. The 2rs-m cross vein on the forewing, however, is clearly present in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6F93DD36063A79DDC460786A299417DE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:32984" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Odontomachus coquereli Roger" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coquereli">O. coquereli</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Outside the region, species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C4B14B322EC33F353550A7E96F7FA316" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2463" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dolichoderus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Dolichoderus Lund" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dolichoderus</taxonomicName>
|
|
have 2rs-m as illustrated in Brown & Nutting (1950: figs. 18 and 19, as the genera
|
|
<taxonomicName id="756892286DC7F4D730470E04E2581F7E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2463" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dolichoderus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Dolichoderus Lund" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dolichoderus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8DD1DE0A941B97412A3C74F4DA569029" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:146999" authority="Mayr, 1855" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoclinea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoclinea Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoclinea</taxonomicName>
|
|
). Some small species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C21FBE6053C571206C01C80FCCD16328" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24845" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ponera</taxonomicName>
|
|
have reduced venation (Brown & Nutting 1950). Bernard (1968) identified three dolichoderine genera -
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6CC9436287926E8530DA4D20185D320F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2463" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Dolichoderus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Dolichoderus Lund" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dolichoderus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B7BDE7C4D1F3E2FDCC8C1ADA4CADEDDE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2475" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Liometopum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Liometopum Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Liometopum</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B99BB81FEC21438BC1FE5D796731174E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2470" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Iridomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Iridomyrmex Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Iridomyrmex</taxonomicName>
|
|
- by the presence of 2rs-m ("two cubital cells"), and illustrated a forewing of the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8FF168FB3E7A9587F34D3A7DBD80E483" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2506" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica Linnaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Formica</taxonomicName>
|
|
with 2rs-m present (Bernard's figure 299).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BF764C869B329361547964928E817521" pageNumber="30">
|
|
Constriction between abdominal segments III and IV has often been used to separate
|
|
<taxonomicName id="635158EA343AC849C97EB098735775C1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2261" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponerinae Lepeletier" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
from other subfamilies (Bernard, 1968; Collingwood, 1979; Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986; Czechowski et al, 2002). This state, represented by an exposed presclerite of the fourth segment, is also used to separate
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F460B041257223B9190A3CCC2919D3D5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2261" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponerinae Lepeletier" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B1845B3B2C20C5E51CA1FB1A6C4462E4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2254" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formicinae Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
in male-based keys of Japanese ants (Yoshimura & Onoyama, 2002). Shattuck (1992) also suggests that dolichoderine males can be distinguished from ponerine males by an abdominal constriction. However, this character state is often unclear in several ponerine genera (e.g.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F1EE275B64A4060D9754AF92DEF79431" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
|
|
, a part of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EA77D9DE2779F3B45BF4B3FD32F4A1C4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24842" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pachycondyla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pachycondyla Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pachycondyla</taxonomicName>
|
|
), including Malagasy species of these genera, and is not used in this key.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="AEF328475E71D3BDABCB119E105DCDD5" pageNumber="30">
|
|
We use several regional characters to separate these three subfamilies (i.e.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7890278BEB3F5A69F6DEC20D724297A0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2261" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponerinae Lepeletier" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7A3322E2F83BA33766A8283D71E30699" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2254" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formicinae Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CBDE0B404C7027B1DC6712A6B9C76D05" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2250" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Dolichoderinae Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dolichoderinae">Dolichoderinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
). All of the species in the subfamily
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3615F070FBEE36134BDED78E198742F7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2254" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formicinae Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
examined in this study have long antennal scapes, while those of the species in the subfamily
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E64B34CB0D5EA8D99BA75C79F36CFAAF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2261" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponerinae Lepeletier" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
are short. This difference between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="55536CA3EDD7E038740519C37CC2EF63" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2261" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponerinae Lepeletier" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E8D01A44CC003E6DA5376B4E09FDCF67" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2254" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formicinae Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
seems akin to that seen in European ants (Bernard, 1968). This is likely a useful character for distinguishing between the two subfamilies, but both types of scapes are found in dolichoderine genera.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="18B0B79D336DA7FF0E54BF67DF9722B7" pageNumber="30">
|
|
Reduction in overall size of the mandible is used by Kutter (1977) to separate
|
|
<taxonomicName id="21A6BE938145C8DA2DA674C240BACEEB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2261" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponerinae Lepeletier" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ponerinae">Ponerinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8DA8A0EE0B2B1F54C38E789EB4A7B98C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2254" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formicinae Latreille" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1B75E0F211680E1130E8F60EBBEAE9CC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2250" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Dolichoderinae Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dolichoderinae">Dolichoderinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. It is potentially useful in a region where only species of the tribe
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CE1EBB99D55E75D479F5A7656E44CAA3" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ponerini">Ponerini</taxonomicName>
|
|
are distributed. A very short clypeus, a ponerine character used by Bernard (1968), can be used for some of the genera in the tribe
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2D8D156F6D3D982816C99AC6BA6C6E51" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ponerini">Ponerini</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |