188 lines
20 KiB
XML
188 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:mods id="5B3712BF5864FED25D6684E3C5131C18" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9A50A62528D4841EDB2BC1E3C511BDBA">
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<mods:title id="D20DEC6D9314A750945ED7768B9E203C">Caenolestidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="74FEF342FB2615CD0A8C5253B5C28866">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EA6441D238A84F5C4E6F21CA78720DC9">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="13A0B573519B4BC35EBDCE76732C25B6">2015</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="8DADCF89D5A6865CB2FC531C845342C2" type="pubDate">2015-06-30</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="5FDFB16BC1CA65412ACFD10666BB24D6">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="1523E35D0BA6CDB4E109CB76D98EF768">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="EACAB05E6143D0A9397D612F487CAEE7">
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<mods:title id="21E5D42CCB65923D0D5969AF9447CC2F">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 5 Monotremes and Marsupials</mods:title>
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<treatment id="B1638795FF97FFAAFAFBBE6200FF8306" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6587921" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195662605" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6587921" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B1638795FF97FFAAFAFBBE6200FF8306" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B1638795FF97FFAAFAFBBE6200FF8306" lastPageNumber="195" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<subSubSection id="71D06508FF97FFAAFAFBBE6203F48B2E" box="[1377,1409,1293,1339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="39753683FF97FFAAFAFBBE6203F48B2E" blockId="2.[1375,2382,1293,1421]" box="[1377,1409,1293,1339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<heading id="623D81EFFF97FFAAFAFBBE6203F48B2E" box="[1377,1409,1293,1339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<figureCitation id="A1F12A06FF97FFAAFAFBBE6203F48B2E" box="[1377,1409,1293,1339]" captionStart="Plate 11: Caenolestidae" captionStartId="2.[100,130,3444,3465]" captionTargetBox="[11,2708,14,2519]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Gray-bellied Shrew-opossum (Caenolestes caniventer), 2. Condor Shrew-opossum (Caenolestes condorensis), 3. Blackish Shrew-opossum (Caenolestes convelatus), 4. Dusky Shrew-opossum (Caenolestes fuliginosus), 5. Sangay Shrew-opossum (Caenolestes sangay), 6. Incan Shrew-opossum (Lestoros inca), 7. Long-nosed Shrew-opossum (Rhyncholestes raphanurus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6588426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6588426/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">4.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="71D06508FF97FFAAFA08BE6201148B2E" box="[1426,1889,1293,1339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="39753683FF97FFAAFA08BE6201148B2E" blockId="2.[1375,2382,1293,1421]" box="[1426,1889,1293,1339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<heading id="623D81EFFF97FFAAFA08BE6201148B2E" box="[1426,1889,1293,1339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<vernacularName id="B7C946ADFF97FFAAFA08BE6201148B2E" box="[1426,1889,1293,1339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Dusky Shrew-opossum</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="71D06508FF97FFAAF830BE620F348B2E" box="[1962,2369,1293,1339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="39753683FF97FFAAF830BE620F348B2E" blockId="2.[1375,2382,1293,1421]" box="[1962,2369,1293,1339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<heading id="623D81EFFF97FFAAF830BE620F348B2E" box="[1962,2369,1293,1339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<taxonomicName id="FECA4D00FF97FFAAF830BE620F348B2E" ID-CoL="5X4V9" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[1962,2369,1293,1339]" class="Mammalia" family="Caenolestidae" genus="Caenolestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">
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<emphasis id="0BBEEA91FF97FFAAF830BE620F348B2E" box="[1962,2369,1293,1339]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Caenolestes fuliginosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="71D06508FF97FFAAFAFABE220F388B9C" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="39753683FF97FFAAFAFABE220F638B77" blockId="2.[1375,2382,1293,1421]" box="[1376,2326,1357,1378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<heading id="623D81EFFF97FFAAFAFABE220F638B77" box="[1376,2326,1357,1378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<emphasis id="0BBEEA91FF97FFAAFAFABE2203D98B77" bold="true" box="[1376,1452,1357,1378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="B7C946ADFF97FFAAFA2FBE2200318B77" box="[1461,1604,1357,1378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Cénoleste gris</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="0BBEEA91FF97FFAAF9C3BE2200C18B77" bold="true" box="[1625,1716,1357,1378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="B7C946ADFF97FFAAF924BE2201D98B77" box="[1726,1964,1357,1378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Ecuador-Opossummaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="0BBEEA91FF97FFAAF85BBE220E698B77" bold="true" box="[1985,2076,1357,1378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="B7C946ADFF97FFAAF7BCBE220F638B77" box="[2086,2326,1357,1378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Raton marsupial sedoso</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="39753683FF97FFAAFAFABE1B0F388B9C" blockId="2.[1375,2382,1293,1421]" box="[1376,2381,1396,1417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<heading id="623D81EFFF97FFAAFAFABE1B0F388B9C" box="[1376,2381,1396,1417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<emphasis id="0BBEEA91FF97FFAAFAFABE1B00228B9C" bold="true" box="[1376,1623,1396,1417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="B7C946ADFF97FFAAF9FABE1B01E98B9C" box="[1632,1948,1396,1417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Common Gray Shrew-opossum</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="B7C946ADFF97FFAAF831BE1B0E128B9C" box="[1963,2151,1396,1417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Dusky Caenolestid</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="B7C946ADFF97FFAAF7EFBE1B0F388B9C" box="[2165,2381,1396,1417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Silky Shrew-opossum</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="71D06508FF97FFAAF85EBED40E788815" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="39753683FF97FFAAF85EBED40E788815" blockId="2.[1988,2582,1467,1890]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<emphasis id="0BBEEA91FF97FFAAF85EBED40E2A8BCD" bold="true" box="[1988,2143,1467,1496]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="FECA4D00FF97FFAAF7ECBED40E788815" authority="Tomes" authorityName="Tomes" authorityYear="1863" class="Mammalia" family="Caenolestidae" genus="Hyracodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">Hyracodon fuliginosus Tomes, 1863,</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="71D06508FF97FFAAF783BE880ED88815" box="[2073,2221,1511,1536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="39753683FF97FFAAF783BE880ED88815" blockId="2.[1988,2582,1467,1890]" box="[2073,2221,1511,1536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<materialsCitation id="89A23CDEFF97FFAAF783BE880ED88815" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785729306" box="[2073,2221,1511,1536]" country="Ecuador" location="Ecuador" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" specimenCount="1">
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“
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<collectingCountry id="41DD7613FF97FFAAF7BEBE880EE88815" box="[2084,2205,1511,1536]" name="Ecuador" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="71D06508FF97FFAAF85DBD650FA58906" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="39753683FF97FFAAF85DBD650FA58906" blockId="2.[1988,2582,1467,1890]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<taxonomicName id="FECA4D00FF97FFAAF85DBD650E868832" ID-CoL="5X4V9" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[1991,2291,1546,1575]" class="Mammalia" family="Caenolestidae" genus="Caenolestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">Caenolestes fuliginosus</taxonomicName>
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was originally described under the generic name Hyracodon, but that name was already used for an extinct rhinoceros, and thus it was renamed. Limits of distribution for each subspecies in Colombia remain poorly known. Three subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="71D06508FF97FFAAF85EBC720F0889EA" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" type="synonymic_list">
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<caption id="6DB5660BFF97FFAAF85EBC720F0889EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6588413" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6588413" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6588413/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" targetBox="[1373,1964,1472,1886]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="39753683FF97FFAAF85EBC720F21892F" blockId="2.[1988,2582,1467,1890]" box="[1988,2388,1821,1850]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<emphasis id="0BBEEA91FF97FFAAF85EBC720F21892F" bold="true" box="[1988,2388,1821,1850]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="39753683FF97FFAAF85DBC260EC6899C" blockId="2.[1988,2582,1467,1890]" lastBlockId="2.[1373,2580,1896,3347]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<taxonomicName id="FECA4D00FF97FFAAF85DBC260EC6899C" authority="Tomes, 1863" authorityName="Tomes" authorityYear="1863" baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Mammalia" family="Caenolestidae" genus="Caenolestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fuliginosus" subSpecies="fuliginosus">C.f.fuliginosusTomes,1863—higherforestedandparamoelevationsoftheAndesinN&CEcuador.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="39753683FF97FFAAFAF9BCE00E5B89CD" blockId="2.[1373,2580,1896,3347]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<taxonomicName id="FECA4D00FF97FFAAFAF9BCE00E5B89CD" authority="Bublitz, 1987" authorityName="Bublitz" authorityYear="1987" class="Mammalia" family="Caenolestidae" genus="Caenolestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fuliginosus" subSpecies="centralis">C.f.centralisBublitz,1987—forestsandparamosoftheW,C&ErangesoftheAndesinColombiaandextremeSWVenezuela(Tachira).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="39753683FF97FFAAFAF8BCB10F0889EA" blockId="2.[1373,2580,1896,3347]" box="[1378,2429,2014,2047]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<taxonomicName id="FECA4D00FF97FFAAFAF8BCB100AC89EA" authority="Thomas, 1895" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1895" box="[1378,1753,2014,2047]" class="Mammalia" family="Caenolestidae" genus="Caenolestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fuliginosus" subSpecies="obscurus">C. f. obscurus Thomas, 1895</taxonomicName>
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— apparently restricted to the vicinity of Bogota.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="71D06508FF97FFAAFAC5B36901FF872E" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" type="description">
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<paragraph id="39753683FF97FFAAFAC5B36901FF872E" blockId="2.[1373,2580,1896,3347]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<emphasis id="0BBEEA91FF97FFAAFAC5B36900288632" bold="true" box="[1375,1629,2054,2087]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 9.6-13.4 cm, tail 10.3-13.9 cm, hindfoot 2.2-8 cm; weight 25-32 g. The Dusky Shrew-opossum is sexually dimorphic in size, with males generally being larger than females. Of the five species of
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<taxonomicName id="FECA4D00FF97FFAAF710B3320F618663" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1895" box="[2186,2324,2141,2166]" class="Mammalia" family="Caenolestidae" genus="Caenolestes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paucituberculata" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Caenolestes</taxonomicName>
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, the Dusky Shrewopossum has weakest countershading of dorsal and ventral pelage; its tail is uniform brown. Antorbital vacuity forms a comma-shaped opening, and upper canines rarely exceed 1-9 mm in length. A flea (Cleopsylla monticola), chigger (Crotiscus danae), myobiid mite (Caenolestomyobia lukoschusi), and chewing louse (Cummingsia albujar) are all known from the Dusky Shrew-opossum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="71D06508FF97FFAAFAC5B22E000287EA" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="39753683FF97FFAAFAC5B22E000287EA" blockId="2.[1373,2580,1896,3347]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<emphasis id="0BBEEA91FF97FFAAFAC5B22E03BB8777" bold="true" box="[1375,1486,2369,2402]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Habitat.</emphasis>
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From tall wet forests with closed canopies and little undergrowth to densely vegetated scrubland and pastures. The Dusky Shrew-opossum occurs in an elevational range from 2134 m in Boyaca (Colombia) to 4300 m on Pichincha Volcano (Ecuador); it occurs at elevations of 2200-2400 m on the Paramo de Tama (eastern Colombia and western Venezuela).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="71D06508FF97FFAAFAC5B1650E9A84D0" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="39753683FF97FFAAFAC5B1650E9A84D0" blockId="2.[1373,2580,1896,3347]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<emphasis id="0BBEEA91FF97FFAAFAC5B16500128432" bold="true" box="[1375,1639,2570,2599]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Dusky Shrew-opossum is strongly insectivorous, and stomach contents show its use of larval and adult Diptera, Lepidoptera,
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<taxonomicName id="FECA4D00FF97FFAAF76AB15D0FFB845A" box="[2288,2446,2610,2639]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="FECA4D00FF97FFAAF614B15D03EE8463" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">, Orthoptera,</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="FECA4D00FF97FFAAFA32B13A00408463" box="[1448,1589,2645,2678]" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Araeneae,</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="FECA4D00FF97FFAAF91EB13A01508463" box="[1668,1829,2645,2678]" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Scorpiones.</taxonomicName>
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It also feeds on earthworms, fruits, and small vertebrates. Offered a variety ofbaits, the Dusky Shrew-opossum showed a strong preference for “meat” baits (small birds and bacon rind vs. rolled oats).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="71D06508FF97FFAAFAC4B1A0017A852F" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="39753683FF97FFAAFAC4B1A0017A852F" blockId="2.[1373,2580,1896,3347]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BBEEA91FF97FFAAFAC4B1A0039084F9" bold="true" box="[1374,1509,2767,2796]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Little is known about the reproductive biology of the Dusky Shrew-opossum, but four lactating females were captured in late August in Cauca Department, Colombia; none were carrying young.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="71D06508FF97FFAAFAC7B02A0F728577" box="[1373,2311,2885,2914]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="39753683FF97FFAAFAC7B02A0F728577" blockId="2.[1373,2580,1896,3347]" box="[1373,2311,2885,2914]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BBEEA91FF97FFAAFAC7B02A003D8577" bold="true" box="[1373,1608,2885,2914]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no information available for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="71D06508FF97FFAAFAC4B0030E6785CD" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="39753683FF97FFAAFAC4B0030E6785CD" blockId="2.[1373,2580,1896,3347]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BBEEA91FF97FFAAFAC4B0030E62859C" bold="true" box="[1374,2071,2924,2953]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Dusky Shrew-opossums appear restless, constantly moving through leaflitter and ground cover in search of food. They appear to use small trails in moss and forest litter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="71D06508FF97FFAAFAC5B0B100078289" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="39753683FF97FFAAFAC5B0B100078289" blockId="2.[1373,2580,1896,3347]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BBEEA91FF97FFAAFAC5B0B100CF85EA" bold="true" box="[1375,1722,3038,3071]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Dusky Shrew-opossum has a broad geographical and habitat distribution and thus, presumably, a large global population. No major threats occur with its distribution, but on the eastern periphery ofits distribution, it was listed as vulnerable on the Venezuelan Red List in August 2013.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="71D06508FF97FFAAFAC5B7C300FF8306" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="39753683FF97FFAAFAC5B7C300FF8306" blockId="2.[1373,2580,1896,3347]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
|
||
<emphasis id="0BBEEA91FF97FFAAFAC5B7C3038282D0" bold="true" box="[1375,1527,3244,3269]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Albuja & Patterson (1996), Bochkov & O'Connor (2009), Bochkov et al. (2013), Herrick (1921), Linares (1998), O'Connell (2006), Ojala-Barbour et al. (2013), Osgood (1921), Timm & Patterson (2007), Timm & Price (1985), Tirira (2007).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |