349 lines
26 KiB
XML
349 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.703.13385" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e1e83ca0-ed07-4f17-bd7e-1cedbac15bbc" ID-PMC="PMC5673978" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-703-15" ID-PubMed="29118604" ID-ZBK="9BAAB4A5CDE1493B8A0413D8F301E198" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-703-15" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 703" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomy of North European Lumbricillus (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae)" checkinTime="1506576699266" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Klinth, Marten J., Rota, Emilia & Erseus, Christer" docDate="2017" docId="8E0C6C61709B56AF7B3734C29B6BB691" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 703: 15-96" docOrigin="ZooKeys 703" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.703.13385" docTitle="Lumbricillus scandicus Klinth, Rota & Erseus, 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="A45F3597-1CA9-40D1-96C8-D4034588A6A6" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="B248FFB4FF91C20DCE56FFE7FF875A5A" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of North European Lumbricillus (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae)" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1668164858576" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Taxonomy of North European Lumbricillus (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Klinth, Marten J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Rota, Emilia</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Erseus, Christer</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>703</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>15</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>96</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.703.13385</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.703.13385</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-703-15</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">9BAAB4A5CDE1493B8A0413D8F301E198</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">9BAAB4A5CDE1493B8A0413D8F301E198</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="134860657" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A45F3597-1CA9-40D1-96C8-D4034588A6A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E0C6C61709B56AF7B3734C29B6BB691" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="24" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/A45F3597-1CA9-40D1-96C8-D4034588A6A6" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus scandicus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="24" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="scandicus">Lumbricillus scandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="24" pageNumber="39">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Fig. 17
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus helgolandicus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="24" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="helgolandicus">Lumbricillus cf. helgolandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="24" pageNumber="39">Nielsen and Christensen 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pp. 102-103, fig. 115;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Finogenova, NP" journalOrPublisher="Explorations of the fauna of the seas" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" pagination="91 - 108" title="Enchytraeids (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) of the littoral of the White Sea. Benthic ecosystems of the south-eastern part of the Kandalaksha Bay and adjacent waters of the White Sea." volume="38" year="1988">Finogenova and Timm 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 97-99, figs 6-10;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Klinth, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" pagination="96 - 110" title="Phylogeny and species delimitation of North European Lumbricillus (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12187" volume="46" year="2017">Klinth et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus helgolandicus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="24" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="helgolandicus">Lumbricillus helgolandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="von Buelow, T" journalOrPublisher="Kieler Meeresforschungen" pageId="44" pageNumber="59" pagination="69 - 116" title="Systematisch-autoekologische Studien an eulitoralen Oligochaeten der Kimbrischen Halbinsel." volume="13" year="1957">
|
||
von
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bülow">Buelow</normalizedToken>
|
||
1957
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 79, pl. XXV, figs 11-12, pl. XXIX, figs 5-6;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tynen, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici Fennici" pageId="49" pageNumber="64" pagination="150 - 155" title="A key to the European littoral Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta)." volume="6" year="1969">Tynen and Nurminen 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: p. 152, fig. 1i.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Non
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Pachydrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachydrilus helgolandicus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="24" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="helgolandicus">Pachydrilus helgolandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Michaelsen, 1927: p. 12, fig. 11;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Michaelsen, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="47" pageNumber="62" pagination="135 - 141" title="Ein neuer Strand-Enchytraeide von Helgoland." volume="108" year="1934">Michaelsen 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pp. 135-141, fig. 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">Holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">
|
||
SMNH Type-8923 [former SMNH 152721] (CE1905), a whole-mounted voucher of a sexually mature and DNA-barcoded worm (COI barcode is KU893950 in NCBI/GenBank;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Klinth, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" pagination="96 - 110" title="Phylogeny and species delimitation of North European Lumbricillus (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12187" volume="46" year="2017">Klinth et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="39" type="type locality">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Sweden,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Öland">Oeland</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Borgholm, Neptuni
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Åkrar">Akrar</normalizedToken>
|
||
, beach with mixed shelly sand, pebbles and organic material,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="57.3346">57.3346 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="17.0102">17.0102 E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, collected 11 June 2006 by
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="L." lsidName="L." pageId="24" pageNumber="39" rank="genus">L.</taxonomicName>
|
||
Matamoros.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="39" type="paratype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">Paratype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">SMNH Type-8925 [former SMNH 152722] (CE1907), a whole-mounted sexually mature specimen from the type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">Other material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">SMNH 152720 (CE975), SMNH 152723 (CE1915), SMNH 152724 (CE2548) & SMNH 152725 (CE2552), four mature specimens from Sweden. For information on specimen collection localities and GenBank accession numbers see Appendix 1.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="39" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">Named after Scandinavia where the species has been found.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="39" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">
|
||
This species is morphologically most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. helgolandicus" pageId="24" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="helgolandicus">L. helgolandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. tuba" pageId="24" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="tuba">L. tuba</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. helgolandicus" pageId="24" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="helgolandicus">L. helgolandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having shorter sperm funnels, sperm arranged circularly in the spermathecae and generally possessing more chaetae per bundle.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus scandicus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="24" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="scandicus">Lumbricillus scandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. tuba" pageId="24" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="tuba">L. tuba</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having spermathecal ectal glands that are larger than the ampulla and generally possessing more chaetae per bundle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">Description of all material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Pale, white to pinkish or orange worms. Length (fixed worms) more than 2.6-3.9 mm (amputated specimens), first 15 segments 2.0-2.9 mm long, width at clitellum 0.3-0.7 mm. More than 18-24 segments. Prostomium hemispherical, sometimes triangular. Chaetae slightly sigmoid (Fig. 17A). Dorsal bundles with 3-6, usually 4-5, chaetae anterior to clitellum, 2-5 chaetae in postclitellar segments. Ventral bundles with 4-7 chaetae anterior to clitellum, 3-6 chaetae posteriorly. Each
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="worm’s">worm's</normalizedToken>
|
||
longest measured chaetae 50-60
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long and about 2.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide. Clitellum extending over
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="XII–">XII-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1/2XIII, with granulated and hyaline cells irregularly distributed. Head pore not observed. Epidermis with transverse rows of gland cells.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Coelomocytes numerous, 15-20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, round or oval. Paired pharyngeal glands present in IV, V and VI; each pair converging dorsally, with large ventral lobes (Fig. 17B). Posteriormost pair sometimes extending into VII. Dorsal vessel originating in either XII or XIII, difficult to distinguish due to presence of mature eggs. One nephridium observed in XIV about 85
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, anteseptale consisting of funnel only, duct originating posteroventrally. Brain widening posteriorly, possibly with posterior incision.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Male genitalia paired (Fig. 17D). Testes originating in XI, extending forwards into X, sometimes IX, with testis sacs forming regular club-shaped lobes. Sperm funnels in XI, 95-205
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, 90-160
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide making them about 1-1.5 times longer than wide. Funnels cylindrical, abruptly tapering towards vasa deferentia. Vasa with few irregular coils around ovaries in XII, and about 7-10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide. Penial bulbs round/pear-shaped 75-145
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter. Two to six mature eggs present at a time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Spermathecae (Fig. 17C) in V, club-shaped, with ampulla distinctly set apart from ectal duct. Ectal duct wall with long cylindrical cells. Ampulla sub-spherical, thin-walled, entally communicating with oesophagus. Sperm following duct to ampulla, in ampulla aggregated into central mass haloed by circle of spermatozoa. Spermathecae 90-160
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, 65-115
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide at widest part of ampulla. Gland cells surrounding ectal pore, forming compact, slightly folded mass, 100-155
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter at its widest part. Up to three midventral subneural glands in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="XIII–">XIII-</normalizedToken>
|
||
XV, 85-90
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 90-140
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
and 70-100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, respectively; glands in XIII and XIV not observed in all specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="24" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Figure 17.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus scandicus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="24" pageNumber="39" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="scandicus">Lumbricillus scandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. A Chaetal bundle. B Anterior body C Spermatheca D Other genitalia. Abbreviations under general notes. Scale bars: 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="39" type="details of holotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">Details of holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Length 3.5 mm (amputated specimen), first 15 segments 2.7 mm long, width at clitellum 0.5 mm. More than 20 segments. Dorsal bundles with 3-5, chaetae anterior to clitellum, 3-4 chaetae in postclitellar segments. Ventral bundles with 4-7 chaetae anterior to clitellum, 3-5 chaetae posteriorly. Longest chaetae about 60
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long and about 2.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Coelomocytes about 20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Sperm funnels about 155
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long and 160
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Vasa deferentia about 7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide. Penial bulbs 145
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter. Four mature eggs present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Spermathecae (Fig. 17C) 120
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, 80
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide at widest part of ampulla. Gland cells surrounding ectal pore 155
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter at its widest part. Three midventral subneural glands in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="XIII–XV">XIII-XV</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 85
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 105
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
and 85
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">Geographical distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="39">Genetically identified from Norway and Sweden. Also reported from Denmark and Russia (White Sea).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="25" pageNumber="40" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="40" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="40">
|
||
The new species corresponds well to the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus helgolandicus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="25" pageNumber="40" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="helgolandicus">Lumbricillus cf. helgolandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Michaelsen, 1927) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="25" pageNumber="40">Nielsen and Christensen (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which is why this name was used in the molecular study by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Klinth, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" pagination="96 - 110" title="Phylogeny and species delimitation of North European Lumbricillus (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12187" volume="46" year="2017">Klinth et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, Nielsen and Christensen noted several differences in the morphology of their specimens in comparison to the extended description of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. helgolandicus" pageId="25" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="helgolandicus">L. helgolandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
given later by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Michaelsen, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="47" pageNumber="62" pagination="135 - 141" title="Ein neuer Strand-Enchytraeide von Helgoland." volume="108" year="1934">Michaelsen (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the most important being the morphology of the spermathecae and the sperm funnels. The spermathecal ampulla was interpreted by Michaelsen as being filled with an irregular mass of spermatozoa.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="von Buelow, T" journalOrPublisher="Kieler Meeresforschungen" pageId="44" pageNumber="59" pagination="69 - 116" title="Systematisch-autoekologische Studien an eulitoralen Oligochaeten der Kimbrischen Halbinsel." volume="13" year="1957">
|
||
Von
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bülow">Buelow</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1957)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
instead redrew the spermathecae as having a distinct circle of spermatozoa which also corresponds to the interpretation by Nielsen and Christensen and what we observed in this study. Furthermore, Michaelsen originally described the sperm funnels as 12 times longer than wide. Nielsen and Christensen, on the other hand, found the funnels to be only 2-3 times longer than wide, which corresponds better to the ratio measured in our material. von
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bülow">Buelow</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1957, unfortunately did not comment on the length/width ratio of the funnels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="40">
|
||
These circumstances prompted re-examination of the last remaining syntype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Pachydrilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachydrilus helgolandicus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="25" pageNumber="40" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="helgolandicus">Pachydrilus helgolandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Michaelsen’s">Michaelsen's</normalizedToken>
|
||
collection in the Zoological Museum in Hamburg (see description of that material below). We found that the sperm funnels were more than 4 times longer than wide, compared to his reported 12 times. This difference could be explained by Michaelsen having examined live material, whereas the syntype that we studied had been fixed (contracted) in formalin or alcohol, shortening the sperm funnels. Furthermore, we might have underestimated the true length of the sperm funnels due to the difficulties with measuring folded organs in mounted material. Regardless, compared to our material of "
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. helgolandicus" pageId="25" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="helgolandicus">L. cf. helgolandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
", here described as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. scandicus" pageId="25" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="scandicus">L. scandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., the sperm funnels of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. helgolandicus" pageId="25" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="helgolandicus">L. helgolandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu stricto clearly have a higher length/width ratio.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="40">
|
||
The spermathecae of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. helgolandicus" pageId="25" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="helgolandicus">L. helgolandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. scandicus" pageId="25" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="scandicus">L. scandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a distinct ampulla and a very large ectal gland. However, in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. helgolandicus" pageId="25" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="helgolandicus">L. helgolandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the spermatheca contains sperm that are arranged in an irregular mass, and it has a very distinct musculature covering the ectal duct (possibly made more apparent by the aging of the material), whereas the spermatheca of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. scandicus" pageId="25" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="scandicus">L. scandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has sperm arranged in a more circular manner and only weakly defined musculature covering the ectal duct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus helgolandicus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="25" pageNumber="40" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="helgolandicus">Lumbricillus helgolandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. scandicus" pageId="25" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="scandicus">L. scandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and has generally larger internal organs. It also has fewer chaetae per bundle, no more than 5 in preclitellar, and 2-3 in postclitellar bundles, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. scandicus" pageId="25" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="scandicus">L. scandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has up to 7 chaetae in preclitellar, and up to 6 in postclitellar bundles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="25" pageNumber="40">Nielsen and Christensen (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined specimens that seem to have been larger than ours and closer to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. helgolandicus" pageId="25" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="helgolandicus">L. helgolandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in size. However, like our material, they had sperm funnels that were not much longer than wide, more chaetae per bundle and spermathecae with sperm arranged in a circular manner. Similarly, the material that
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="von Buelow, T" journalOrPublisher="Kieler Meeresforschungen" pageId="44" pageNumber="59" pagination="69 - 116" title="Systematisch-autoekologische Studien an eulitoralen Oligochaeten der Kimbrischen Halbinsel." volume="13" year="1957">
|
||
von
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bülow">Buelow</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1957)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. helgolandicus" pageId="25" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="helgolandicus">L. helgolandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
also had more chaetae per bundle than
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Michaelsen’s">Michaelsen's</normalizedToken>
|
||
worm and had spermathecae with sperm arranged in a circular manner.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="25" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Based on our assessment of the syntype from Helgoland, we conclude that our Scandinavian material is not conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. helgolandicus" pageId="25" pageNumber="40" rank="species" species="helgolandicus">L. helgolandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Michaelsen, 1927), and
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="41" start="start">instead</pageBreakToken>
|
||
deserves to be treated as a new species (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. scandicus" pageId="26" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="scandicus">L. scandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Furthermore, we conclude that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. helgolandicus" pageId="26" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="helgolandicus">L. helgolandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="von Buelow, T" journalOrPublisher="Kieler Meeresforschungen" pageId="44" pageNumber="59" pagination="69 - 116" title="Systematisch-autoekologische Studien an eulitoralen Oligochaeten der Kimbrischen Halbinsel." volume="13" year="1957">
|
||
von
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bülow">Buelow</normalizedToken>
|
||
1957
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. helgolandicus" pageId="26" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="helgolandicus">L. cf. helgolandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="26" pageNumber="41">Nielsen and Christensen 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are identical to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. scandicus" pageId="26" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="scandicus">L. scandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus scandicus" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="26" pageNumber="41" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="scandicus">Lumbricillus scandicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
was genetically found as sister to the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="L. lineatus" pageId="26" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="lineatus">L. lineatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (Fig. 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |