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<document id="C350A521246192CFD93F3249EAC2068A" ID-CLB-Dataset="28792" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.25843" ID-GBIF-Dataset="814f7eb8-bb51-4301-ad5d-f32ae874874c" ID-PMC="PMC6281703" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-799-21" ID-PubMed="30532616" ID-ZooBank="804EEC5868CE445D98F22B4DFDBE2AC8" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-799-21" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 799" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomy of myid bivalves from fragmented brackish-water habitats in India, with a description of a new genus Indosphenia (Myidae, Myoidea, Myidae)" checkinTime="1543455905774" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Oliver, P. Graham, Hallan, Anders, Jayachandran, P. R., Joseph, Philomina, V. F. Sanu, &amp; Nandan, S. Bijoy" docDate="2018" docId="666469682A62F222334CAFFA5B569556" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 799: 21-46" docOrigin="ZooKeys 799" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.799.25843" docTitle="Indosphenia sowerbyi EA Smith 1893" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="BF51FFE2AC69E5145B45FF8104589368" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of myid bivalves from fragmented brackish-water habitats in India, with a description of a new genus Indosphenia (Myidae, Myoidea, Myidae)" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="21" originalUpdateDomain="Boston" originalUpdateTime="1543455905774" originalUpdateUser="pensoft" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1701376012679" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7627A8DD028EB31C560286915F7EA757">Taxonomy of myid bivalves from fragmented brackish-water habitats in India, with a description of a new genus Indosphenia (Myidae, Myoidea, Myidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FB8B95596D825E969CBA50DBCE0410AB">Oliver, P. Graham</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="10AC1264A9868CBBD14D598DDA4968E6">Hallan, Anders</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E2EAC84E122547D1C976195C2C51218E">Jayachandran, P. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="587E83CBCB76E974C2114BA782D2058F">Joseph, Philomina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E02D90BDE6263B6937EEEBDAD5594DB7">V. F. Sanu,</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="01F741FCAC750D7E91A22FDF2F687A30">Nandan, S. Bijoy</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="666469682A62F222334CAFFA5B569556" ID-GBIF-Taxon="149831374" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:666469682A62F222334CAFFA5B569556" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/666469682A62F222334CAFFA5B569556" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
<subSubSection id="04A8D5E980B6FB23EE37BCC20437F261" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CBF10FA0D705178610180AE8E1AB6BB2" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="7EF045105FB8B510D002E36EF3E649D8" ID-CoL="7RQYG" authority="EA Smith, 1893" authorityName="EA Smith" authorityYear="1893" class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Indosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indosphenia sowerbyi" order="Myida" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sowerbyi">Indosphenia sowerbyi (EA Smith, 1893)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="4952C91D9BB364FBBAE398F23F73D5C4" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="AC5AC02FA8ACE59F766517786AFD4FBD" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="FEA6C4FB36E9EBB8B4BB3F777DD31EA9" class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Sphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphenia sowerbyi" order="Myida" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sowerbyi">Sphenia sowerbyi</taxonomicName>
EA Smith, 1893: 280, pl. 15, fig. 8.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1FA9862CAC2EF3762E9B3EEECAD6A574" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" type="type material">
<paragraph id="A0BA1A45C8EE8F05B01BB06E1EC0344A" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Type material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DA2022FCD52F7E5423CF47BC1703D235" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
Syntypes, 5 shells, Ariancoupar near Pondicherry [this can be interpreted as the Chunnambar River mouth, Ariyankuppam, Pudicherry,
<geoCoordinate id="7DCB3AF5B2B6863110720E09BBA131B2" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="11.88">11°52.8'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AED89263A6AA22DEBB9A770486FA4EE2" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="79.808334">79°48.5'E</geoCoordinate>
]. NHMUK 1893.3.16.6-10.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="111E45470C490B20F7A0F52AC736FF2D" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2F246D9F187241A84760411FFC0B647B" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Other material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7ABA5A5F1DE91C69DDBD89371F357E6B" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
4 shells, NMW 1955.158 15753 and 50+ shells, NHMUK 1953.1.7, all from Adyar, Madras [this can be interpreted as the Adyar River Mouth, Adyar, S of Chennai], 1
<geoCoordinate id="B453C528BCEA92DBBE10629996A5EC9C" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="3.0133333">3°0.8'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A2BB6BA4BDCC8A232558A05E3AE4AFD2" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="80.25667">80°15.4'E</geoCoordinate>
, all Winckworth Collection, March 1931 to June 1936.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="680F049207E98049E07B5E5A95A0C009" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
50+ shells, Cooum River, Madras [this can be interpreted as the Cooum River mouth, Chennai,
<geoCoordinate id="8BFB62A01981C84B38A371F94028720B" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="13.071667">13°4.3'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="7018033C90F2C533DE4B7D552773B553" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="80.26833">80°16.1'E</geoCoordinate>
]. Winckworth Collection, September 1931.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7C2A9871EDAE1FC5C40B0B05784EEBCA" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="66F88287CA898357FD758013A3FDC4EA" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C404630F7D30272D6AA96E222196F3C3" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
Ariancoupan, Pondicherry [this can be interpreted as the Chunnambar River Mouth, Ariyankuppam, Pudicherry,
<geoCoordinate id="23EADB7DC8D14D75BD0EF30BA2FE66AB" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="11.88">11°52.8'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="DD46A152488563DA715D34666E676F96" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="79.808334">79°48.5'E</geoCoordinate>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AF6A39444515078439CF249C3EA89FF4" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph id="3A41E1E34F496B7C121F9083B296683B" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6AFACFEE7BBAD0DB0067E7DCA6DB12F1" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
The sample from Adyar most closely matches the form of the syntypes (Fig. 8
<normalizedToken id="D86AF87D7638D840A51FD8D2125226B3" originalValue="lo">l-o</normalizedToken>
) from Ariyankuppam, and is described here as typical. Shell (Fig. 8
<normalizedToken id="DF802E674E3921B4685157F04D7E08A5" originalValue="ae">a-e</normalizedToken>
) to over 12 mm in length, inequivalve, left valve slightly smaller; slightly inequilateral, beaks slightly to the posterior (PL/AL = 0.83-0.97); moderately inflated (L/T = 1.9- 2.2). Beaks prosogyrate, directed anteriorly. Outline subovate-sub-rostrate, anterior end broadly rounded, ventral margin curved, L/H = 1.6-1.8; posterior end much narrower than anterior end, sub-rostrate, demarcated initially by sharp carina running from beak to ventral margin of posterior end, but this carina rapidly becoming obsolete; posterior dorsal margin concave; posterior end rounded, often eroded and obscured by periostracum extending beyond shell. Sculpture of weak commarginal lines and dense, thin raised lamellae - these more prominent on angle of rostrum. Exterior of shell with persistent, thin, straw-coloured periostracum. Prodissoconch (Fig. 9c) small P1 (75
<normalizedToken id="3F342BE3FEA8698BFE550EB8984E181F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
) much larger P2 (189
<normalizedToken id="294CD150550E6C5FFD602B0EE5C8DADA" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
); P1 with punctate micro sculpture, P2 with commarginal ridges. Hinge myid, with chondrophore in left valve. Chondrophore (Fig. 7e) with proportionately wide ligament insertion plate and short posterior flange with rounded margin; ridge between ligament area and flange prominent. Right valve with very weak pseudo cardinal tooth (Fig. 7i) commonly rising dorsally to obscure beak. Muscle scars poorly defined. Anterior adductor muscle scar elongate and placed medially on anterior face. Posterior adductor muscle scar subcircular, placed close to dorsal margin. Pallial sinus a shallow depression, more sinusoidal than U-shaped (Fig. 8d).
</paragraph>
<caption id="B0F58D171C3C4E8C858CACA399B662CE" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
<paragraph id="1B0A5D36B74E65B7DDFD554B43FF4782" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
Figure 8. Variations of
<taxonomicName id="D4AF0A52080B4C3547FDEBB7925DF845" class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Indosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indosphenia sowerbyi" order="Myida" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sowerbyi">Indosphenia sowerbyi</taxonomicName>
.
<normalizedToken id="B5E05CB4D0EC32DF0E97997A8F1D2300" originalValue="ac">a-c</normalizedToken>
typical form from Adyar river
<normalizedToken id="B8C2B77B758BD6055B212241DBB04D2E" originalValue="de">d-e</normalizedToken>
internal views of cleaned valves from Adyar river, pallial line false colour added d. f specimen with epifauna attached to posterior end, from Adyar river
<normalizedToken id="91ADE0724A3016F78605DBDCA8F503AD" originalValue="gh">g-h</normalizedToken>
specimen from Cooum river j internal showing blotched pattern on dry mantle tissue k posterior sculptured variety from Cooum river
<normalizedToken id="25B1815E52D88385AFB73C80AD696C0B" originalValue="ln">l-n</normalizedToken>
Syntype of
<taxonomicName id="496C81345C60BBA061A1A47409AEDA4A" class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Sphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphenia sowerbyi" order="Myida" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sowerbyi">Sphenia sowerbyi</taxonomicName>
from Ariancoupan, Pudicherry NHMUK 1893.3.16.6-7. Scale bar: 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="1E77353CFFF81B4956D2FA4C96C4F8B6" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
<paragraph id="D70856F9036D95F39E2841D2FAF1FF9A" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
Figure 9. Scanning electron micrographs of the prodissoconchs of
<taxonomicName id="5AEBB8AF3D990FCD697C3C9A775A3047" class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Indosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indosphenia" order="Myida" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Indosphenia</taxonomicName>
species. a
<taxonomicName id="58F17E6DA052F0AEDCEEED60CBC9674C" lsidName="I. abbreviata" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="abbreviata">I. abbreviata</taxonomicName>
elongate form b
<taxonomicName id="4C87874ACC16A757C771A926DB09FDB7" lsidName="I. abbreviata" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="abbreviata">I. abbreviata</taxonomicName>
typical form c
<taxonomicName id="E373F460D154C57E5B02F09F8CA2A357" lsidName="I. sowerbyi" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="sowerbyi">I. sowerbyi</taxonomicName>
d
<taxonomicName id="9258C99DF557BB6957DA4EAF7FE6E93F" lsidName="I. kayalum" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="kayalum">I. kayalum</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DE90EFA10F5ED9A8CF928E6B6DE93746" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="14" pageNumber="35" type="intraspecific variation">
<paragraph id="95E008AEE830E81E2808119A8C0F4C15" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">Intraspecific variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A527A074BE3B4CD5C61340D7AE9387F" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="14" pageNumber="35">
Comparisons of shells from the Adyar and Cooum rivers show some significant difference in shape, despite the rivers being only 6 km apart. The shells from the Cooum River (Fig. 8
<normalizedToken id="4F2948A963ABFD12BCAFD040AACE1F8C" originalValue="gi">g-i</normalizedToken>
, k) are shorter posteriorly, thus the beaks are closer to the posterior end, and the height and tumidity are proportionately greater. The
<pageBreakToken id="A9B921D317F9FB758A04C2E86090B57C" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" start="start">shells</pageBreakToken>
from the Cooum River are more robust and about 20% are tinged with pale purple (Fig. 8g). Although the tissues are dry, the blotched pattern (Fig. 8j) on the mantle has been preserved and it matches that present in both
<taxonomicName id="AA5739969688C2EF8CEA10011B15A344" lsidName="I. abbreviata" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="abbreviata">I. abbreviata</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A54CBCA44955CE90F374B4C58C56261E" lsidName="I. kayalum" pageId="15" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="kayalum">I. kayalum</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="35D6642DA06FFD63BC31E98CA1E40F6E" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="F375E7E545CD442E04E95B0711D11F13" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
<pageBreakToken id="E1E0E7A5C5E888EFAAE447D294DF726E" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
.
<taxonomicName id="04138757A3F9944118BB103780E8CF79" class="Bivalvia" family="Myidae" genus="Indosphenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Indosphenia sowerbyi" order="Myida" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sowerbyi">Indosphenia sowerbyi</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB9B8068D463ACCFDEF8E66860CC50EA" pageId="16" pageNumber="37">
has a thicker shell than either
<taxonomicName id="64546CDE153323514910503D9AC78BFD" lsidName="I. abbreviata" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="abbreviata">I. abbreviata</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="7D11979628B412EBECFE5BB8C20E33D0" lsidName="I. kayalum" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="kayalum">I. kayalum</taxonomicName>
and possesses a much more prominent sculpture. The beaks lie closer to the posterior end, which is the opposite of both
<taxonomicName id="4A832EA297CAF06C306D72ED9FF7A6BD" lsidName="I. abbreviata" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="abbreviata">I. abbreviata</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="575FD58C68BB81B6CB52F5605BE24C8F" lsidName="I. kayalum" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="kayalum">I. kayalum</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore, the posterior carina is not developed, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="A16D1C5F7BB270E798DA079B2C046B6A" lsidName="I. abbreviata" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="abbreviata">I. abbreviata</taxonomicName>
it is finely developed. Additionally, prodissoconch 2 shows no radial sculpture, as is present in
<taxonomicName id="40B718BB137DD568AF64297DD5448B7C" lsidName="I. abbreviata" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="abbreviata">I. abbreviata</taxonomicName>
, making it more similar to
<taxonomicName id="ACA3A96876710BCB6EE2C388A3CDBDE6" lsidName="I. kayalum" pageId="16" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="kayalum">I. kayalum</taxonomicName>
in this character.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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