307 lines
33 KiB
XML
307 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.24.2292" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182248570" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-24-75" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFCF304CDE7B584C79541F09FF89FF9D" ID-Zenodo-Dep="574764" ModsDocID="1314-2607-24-75" checkinTime="1621552530728" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Nunes, Juliano F., Penteado-Dias, Angelica M., Ceccarelli, Fadia S. & Zaldivar-Riveron, Alejandro" docDate="2012" docId="91A9BFDD2A6D67CD1F71326F61DBEBE5" docLanguage="en" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 24" docPubDate="2012-01-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.24.2292" docTitle="Mononeuron duguetiae Fischer 1981" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="FFCF304CDE7B584C79541F09FF89FF9D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="FFCF304CDE7B584C79541F09FF89FF9D" masterDocTitle="Redescription of Mononeuron duguetiae Fischer (Braconidae, Doryctinae), a gall associated species on Duguetia furfuracea (St. Hil.) (Annonaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="75" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" updateTime="1643544414720" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Redescription of Mononeuron duguetiae Fischer (Braconidae, Doryctinae), a gall associated species on Duguetia furfuracea (St. Hil.) (Annonaceae)</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Nunes, Juliano F.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565 - 905, Sao Carlos-SP, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Penteado-Dias, Angelica M.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Rodovia Washington Luis, km 235, 13565 - 905, Sao Carlos-SP, Brasil</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Ceccarelli, Fadia S.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Coleccion Nacional de Insectos, Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 3 er. circuito exterior s / n, Cd. Universitaria, Copilco Coyoacan, A. P. 70 - 233, C. P. 04510., D. F., Mexico</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Zaldivar-Riveron, Alejandro</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation>Coleccion Nacional de Insectos, Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 3 er. circuito exterior s / n, Cd. Universitaria, Copilco Coyoacan, A. P. 70 - 233, C. P. 04510., D. F., Mexico</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number>2012-01-10</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number>24</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>75</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>84</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location>
|
|
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.24.2292</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.24.2292</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-24-75</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFCF304CDE7B584C79541F09FF89FF9D</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">574764</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">94A2C04E-2E21-47F6-BBD9-A890DB9174FF</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<subSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="taxonomy">
|
|
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182248570" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:91A9BFDD2A6D67CD1F71326F61DBEBE5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/91A9BFDD2A6D67CD1F71326F61DBEBE5" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Mononeuron_duguetiae" authority="Fischer, 1981: 47 - 51." authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Mononeuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mononeuron duguetiae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duguetiae">Mononeuron duguetiae Fischer, 1981: 47-51.</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
|
|
Female.
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Colour</emphasis>
|
|
: Body and first three flagellomeres honey yellow, remaining flagellomeres, fifth tarsomeres and ovipositor sheath light brown (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. A Galls on Duguetia furfuracea. B-D Mononeuron duguetiae Fischer (holotype, female). B Habitus, lateral view C fore wing D hind wing." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11340" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="78">Body length</emphasis>
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="79" start="start">:</pageBreakToken>
|
|
2.5 mm; ovipositor 2.5 mm.
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Head</emphasis>
|
|
: Clypeus smooth, face and frons smooth, frons slightly excavated, vertex slightly striate laterally and anteriorly, smooth posteriorly (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mononeuron duguetiae Fischer (holotype, female) A head and mesosoma, lateral view B head and mesoscutum, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D ovipositor." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11339" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
|
), temple and gena smooth (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mononeuron duguetiae Fischer (holotype, female) A head and mesosoma, lateral view B head and mesoscutum, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D ovipositor." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11339" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
|
); eye 1.45 times higher than wide (lateral view); malar space 0.45 times eye height (lateral view); temple 0.46 times eye width (dorsal view); ocular-ocellar distance 3.3 times diameter of lateral ocellus; length of scape 1.4 times its width (frontal view); antenna with 20 flagellomeres.
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
|
: Length of mesosoma 1.5 its maximum height; pronotum smooth laterally, pronotal collar short (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mononeuron duguetiae Fischer (holotype, female) A head and mesosoma, lateral view B head and mesoscutum, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D ovipositor." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11339" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
|
); pronotal groove weakly scrobiculate, propleuron smooth; mesoscutal lobes coriaceous; notauli shallow but distinct, obscured before scutellum at middle of mesoscutum in a costate-rugose area (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mononeuron duguetiae Fischer (holotype, female) A head and mesosoma, lateral view B head and mesoscutum, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D ovipositor." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11339" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
|
); scutellar disc slightly coriaceous; median length of scutellar sulcus 0.33 times median length of scutellar disc, with six carinae (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mononeuron duguetiae Fischer (holotype, female) A head and mesosoma, lateral view B head and mesoscutum, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D ovipositor." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11339" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
|
); mesopleuron coriaceous, weakly coriaceous medially (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mononeuron duguetiae Fischer (holotype, female) A head and mesosoma, lateral view B head and mesoscutum, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D ovipositor." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11339" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
|
); subalar groove scrobiculate; precoxal sulcus wide, smooth, 0.5 length of mesopleuron; venter of mesosoma slightly coriaceous; metapleuron strongly rugose; propodeum with a pentagonal areola diverging at the base of propodeum, areolar area rugose, basal median areas coriaceous (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mononeuron duguetiae Fischer (holotype, female) A head and mesosoma, lateral view B head and mesoscutum, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D ovipositor." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11339" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Wings</emphasis>
|
|
: Fore wing length 2.75 times its maximum width, length of pterostigma 3.2 times its maximum width, vein r about 0.5 times length of vein 3RSa, vein 3RSb reaching the wing margin as a tubular vein; vein m-cu
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="80" start="start">interstitial</pageBreakToken>
|
|
to vein 2RS, vein 1cu-a distinctly postfurcal with vein 1M (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. A Galls on Duguetia furfuracea. B-D Mononeuron duguetiae Fischer (holotype, female). B Habitus, lateral view C fore wing D hind wing." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11340" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
|
); hind wing vein SC+R absent; vein cu-a absent (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. A Galls on Duguetia furfuracea. B-D Mononeuron duguetiae Fischer (holotype, female). B Habitus, lateral view C fore wing D hind wing." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11340" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
|
); vein m-cu nebulous (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. A Galls on Duguetia furfuracea. B-D Mononeuron duguetiae Fischer (holotype, female). B Habitus, lateral view C fore wing D hind wing." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11340" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
|
); vein 1A reduced, only present basally; vein M+CU about equal length of vein 1M (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. A Galls on Duguetia furfuracea. B-D Mononeuron duguetiae Fischer (holotype, female). B Habitus, lateral view C fore wing D hind wing." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11340" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Legs</emphasis>
|
|
: Fore tibia with a row of 12 spines; hind femur weakly coriaceous, length 3.86 times its maximum width; hind coxa weakly striate dorsally, coriaceous laterally, with a distinct basal tubercle.
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
|
: Length of first metasomal tergum 0.9 times its apical width, median area slightly coriaceous basally, costate-rugose apically, costate-rugose laterally, with complete longitudinal lateral carinae; dorsope present, acrosternite 0.2 times length of first metasomal median tergite; second metasomal median tergite longitudinally costate (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mononeuron duguetiae Fischer (holotype, female) A head and mesosoma, lateral view B head and mesoscutum, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D ovipositor." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11339" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
|
); third metasomal median tergite costate on basal half, smooth on apical half (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mononeuron duguetiae Fischer (holotype, female) A head and mesosoma, lateral view B head and mesoscutum, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D ovipositor." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11339" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
|
); remaining metasomal median tergites smooth; ovipositor 1.8 times length of metasoma. Ovipositor strongly sclerotized apically, with a single nodus (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mononeuron duguetiae Fischer (holotype, female) A head and mesosoma, lateral view B head and mesoscutum, dorsal view C metasoma, dorsal view D ovipositor." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11339" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Male. Slightly smaller than female. Body length 2.0-2.5 mm; hind femur swollen, length 2.35 times its maximum width.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Variation. Females: Antenna with 16-21 flagellomeres; scutellar sulcus with 5-6 carinae.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" type="biology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Biology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
|
|
We collected 20 leaves of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Duguetia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Magnoliales" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="furfuracea">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Duguetia furfuracea</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
infested with galls at the type locality of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Mononeuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duguetiae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Mononeuron duguetiae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in February of 2011. All leaves were placed in a plastic bag and maintained at room temperature. Each of the collected leaves had between three to 10 spheroidal galls with a maximum diameter of approximately 1 cm (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. A Galls on Duguetia furfuracea. B-D Mononeuron duguetiae Fischer (holotype, female). B Habitus, lateral view C fore wing D hind wing." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11340" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
|
). Twenty five specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Mononeuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duguetiae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Mononeuron duguetiae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
emerged from the galls a few days after being collected, and two or more individuals were observed to emerge from each gall. Moreover, two specimens of an unidentified cecydomiid species and the following wasp taxa emerged after most of the specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Mononeuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duguetiae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Mononeuron duguetiae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
had emerged:
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1833" class="Hexapoda" family="Torymidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Torymidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(six specimens belonging to an unidentified species),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Eurytomidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eurytomidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(13 specimens of an unidentified species assigned to
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Sycophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Sycophila</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Walker, and eight specimens of an unidentified species),
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(21 individuals of an unidentified species), and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Diapriidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="? arthropoda" rank="family">Diapriidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(one unidentified specimen). Members of some of these wasp families are usually parasitoids (
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1833" class="Hexapoda" family="Torymidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Torymidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
), whereas others are generally phytophagous (e.g.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Eurytomidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eurytomidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
). We could not confirm that
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Mononeuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duguetiae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Mononeuron duguetiae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is the species that induces the above galls, though its early emergence suggests that it might be cecidogenic.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Comments.</emphasis>
|
|
The genus
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Mononeuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Mononeuron</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has been mainly characterised by the absence of hind wing vein cu-a. This feature was employed to distinguish the genus in the key to New World doryctine genera provided by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Marsh, PM" editor="Wharton, RA" journalOrPublisher="International Society of Hymenopterists, Special Publication" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" pagination="207 - 233" refId="B11" refString="Marsh, PM, 1997. Doryctinae. In: Wharton, RA, Marsh, PM, Sharkey, MJ, Eds., Manual of the New World genera of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera). International Society of Hymenopterists, Special Publication 1: 207 - 233" title="Doryctinae." volume="1" volumeTitle="Manual of the New World genera of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera)." year="1997">Marsh (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. We found that some of the examined specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Mononeuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duguetiae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Mononeuron duguetiae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have hind wing vein cu-a spectral (
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">sensu</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Mason, WRM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 7" refId="B13" refString="Mason, WRM, 1986. Standard drawing conventions and definitions for venational and other features of wings of Hymenoptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 88: 1 - 7" title="Standard drawing conventions and definitions for venational and other features of wings of Hymenoptera." volume="88" year="1986">Mason 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) but present. Some described species of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gahan" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Allorhogas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Allorhogas</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
also have a nebulous or even spectral hind wing vein cu-a (e.g.
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brethes" baseAuthorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Allorhogas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentinus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Allorhogas argentinus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="2002" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Allorhogas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shawi">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Allorhogas shawi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Marsh, PM" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="8" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 319" refId="B12" refString="Marsh, PM, 2002. The Doryctinae of Costa Rica (excluding the genus Heterospilus). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 70: 1 - 319" title="The Doryctinae of Costa Rica (excluding the genus Heterospilus)." volume="70" year="2002">Marsh 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">
|
|
In our Bayesian analysis,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Mononeuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duguetiae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Mononeuron duguetiae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was more closely related to
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hedqvist" authorityYear="1963" class="Hexapoda" family="Braconidae" genus="Monitoriella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Monitoriella</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hedqvist" authorityYear="1963" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Labania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Labania</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
than to the species of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gahan" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Allorhogas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Allorhogas</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, although with marginally non- significant support. This contrasts with our morphological examinations, which show that there are various external morphological features in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Mononeuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duguetiae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Mononeuron duguetiae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
shared with species of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gahan" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Allorhogas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="80">Allorhogas</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The latter genus is a mainly Neotropical and Nearctic group with 33
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="81" start="start">described</pageBreakToken>
|
|
and an undetermined number of undescribed species. Among the features shared by
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Mononeuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duguetiae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Mononeuron duguetiae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and members of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gahan" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Allorhogas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Allorhogas</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are an excavated frons, hind wing vein r-m present, pronotal collar very short or absent, propodeum usually with semicircular or subtriangular shaped basal median areas, basal sternal plate of first metasomal tergum less than 0.25 length of tergum; metasoma sculptured on first three terga, hind coxa with small but distinct basal tubercle, fore wing vein r-m present, first subdiscal cell open at apex, and hind wing vein m-cu usually curved toward wing apex, often straight to wing margin but never angled toward wing base. Further molecular phylogenetic studies employing additional markers and more taxa, especially for the species of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gahan" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Allorhogas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Allorhogas</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, will confirm the relationships of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Mononeuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duguetiae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Mononeuron duguetiae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with respect to other gall associated doryctine genera.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
|
|
We also examined various specimens assigned to
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Mononeuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duguetiae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Mononeuron duguetiae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
deposited in the DCBU collection that show some morphological differences, and which might represent an undescribed species. These specimens were collected in the type locality of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Mononeuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duguetiae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Mononeuron duguetiae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and all of them were reared from the same type of galls on
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Duguetia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Magnoliales" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="furfuracea">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Duguetia furfuracea</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. They differ from our concept of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Mononeuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duguetiae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Mononeuron duguetiae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having the vertex, mesopleuron and basal areas of propodeum mostly smooth, and the first metasomal median tergite smooth and with brown colour. Further molecular data will allow us to confirm whether this represents an undescribed species of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Mononeuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Mononeuron</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
or intraspecific variation within
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1981" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Mononeuron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duguetiae">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Mononeuron duguetiae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" type="examined material">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Examined material.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">
|
|
Holotype (DCBU).-Female. Brazil,
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
|
Carlos,
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
|
Paulo,
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="geschlüpft">geschluepft</normalizedToken>
|
|
von Gallen von
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Duguetia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Magnoliales" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="furfuracea">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Duguetia furfuracea</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
ST. HILL. (
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Annonaceae" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" rank="genus">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
). Other examined material: 31 specimens, 12 males, 19 females. Twelve specimens: Brazil, SP,
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
|
Carlos, UFSCar, Cerrado forest,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="7.96" value="-21.968878">21°58'7.96"S</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate degrees="47" direction="west" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="9.68" value="-47.886024">47°53'9.68"W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, ex.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Duguetia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Magnoliales" pageId="6" pageNumber="81" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="furfuracea">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="81">Duguetia furfuracea</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="82" start="start">galls</pageBreakToken>
|
|
, 26 January 2011, A.
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Zaldívar-Riverón">Zaldivar-Riveron</normalizedToken>
|
|
and J. Nunes coll. Nineteen specimens: same locality as above, 18 March to11 April 2008, A. M. Penteado-Dias, coll.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</subSection>
|
|
</document> |