209 lines
20 KiB
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209 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="5FCD6287D3E103DFB29BA2AC7D3E6AA6">Taxonomy of North European Lumbricillus (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E6A564DC8D9ECF1FFDFD7280DB5FEF50">Klinth, Marten J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2B6B03ED394E6AE2EA17FFE07B193373">Rota, Emilia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9129BFA72482AC3E222D43C719352EFD">Erseus, Christer</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="2EB04A6368F66B19D8E9107043775E7D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="134860664" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2EB04A6368F66B19D8E9107043775E7D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2EB04A6368F66B19D8E9107043775E7D" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection id="63A684FCCD6FBCB35453ABC1E414218A" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="33597C4302C082B9CBAADAAAF0AAF9A3" pageId="28" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="BF546B8526C70D5EE4DD800FDA636B34" ID-CoL="6QQ5X" authority="Nielsen & Christensen, 1959" authorityName="Nielsen & Christensen" authorityYear="1959" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus knoellneri" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="knoellneri">Lumbricillus knoellneri Nielsen & Christensen, 1959</taxonomicName>
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Fig. 20
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F158E4465A793861C895ECB8232720D9" pageId="29" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="6EFBB4E0EC7A18F45E304A9717DBE7FD" pageId="29" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="B0C225925EB723A31EE1E07EEDF3B044" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus knoellneri" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="44" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="knoellneri">
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<pageBreakToken id="BC493334B9C395935F73E0F8028C90F1" pageId="29" pageNumber="44" start="start">Lumbricillus</pageBreakToken>
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knoellneri
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</taxonomicName>
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Nielsen & Christensen, 1959: pp. 106-107, figs 125-126, 130;
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<bibRefCitation id="647969665F8A56CBE6CF4ED73FA61E54" author="Klinth, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" pagination="96 - 110" title="Phylogeny and species delimitation of North European Lumbricillus (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12187" volume="46" year="2017">Klinth et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EB36897351EA2633963886C1966FA79F" pageId="29" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="A126094881EFC595B8E7EBAA4FDCBC8E" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Fridericia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fridericia bulbosa" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="29" pageNumber="44" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bulbosa">Fridericia bulbosa</taxonomicName>
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; sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="2EC41A7E1AA8A7FC37B50BBF56246685" author="Knoellner, FH" journalOrPublisher="Abteilung fuer Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tier" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" pagination="425 - 563" title="Oekologische und systematische Untersuchungen ueber litorale und marine Oligochaeten der Kieler Bucht. Zoologische Jahrbuecher." volume="66" year="1935">
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<normalizedToken id="B4964C16A587396069174B3447F847D6" originalValue="Knöllner">Knoellner</normalizedToken>
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1935
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</bibRefCitation>
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: p. 443; nec Rosa, 1887.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="52544788CF5D92AB925266C0E65FC63C" pageId="29" pageNumber="44" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="67954F52FB0B63D5CBE8AC7715937763" pageId="29" pageNumber="44">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D06186E2FFA4135C2A640AFA3B379B09" pageId="29" pageNumber="44">
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Typus amissus (Nomenclatura Oligochaetologica). Type locality: Ebeltoft Vig, Denmark (
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<bibRefCitation id="AC8351B6146C547D2B9A4ED2A4018F2C" pageId="29" pageNumber="44">Nielsen and Christensen 1959</bibRefCitation>
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). We did not designate a neotype as we do not have material from the type locality.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2CE8DD68F828A62CDE12421EC1E027A2" pageId="29" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="44456086D51774D643DB4F53822F40F3" pageId="29" pageNumber="44">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E4FED824FAE6E83485798A2E336EE0A" pageId="29" pageNumber="44">SMNH 152734 (CE980) & SMNH 152735 (CE982), two mature specimens from Sweden, and ZMBN 107859 (CE19369), ZMBN 107860 (CE20761), ZMBN 107861 (CE20762), ZMBN 107863 (CE22615), ZMBN 107865 (CE23252) & ZMBN 107866 (CE23253), four mature and two immature specimens from mainland Norway and Svalbard. For information on specimen collection localities and GenBank accession numbers see Appendix 1.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="066B2ACCF9136A66121BF50321E8C1D5" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="29" pageNumber="44" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A6EE810A9E6184C3B9C383E318E6F5BF" pageId="29" pageNumber="44">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C9D490802DB15042AED9C874A9CD6E18" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="29" pageNumber="44">
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White to yellow worms. Length (fixed worms) more than 2.1-3.6 mm (amputated specimens), first 15 segments 1.6-1.9 mm long, width at clitellum 0.20-0.32 mm. More than 16-32 segments. Chaetae straight or slightly sig
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<pageBreakToken id="0405FE8B29E03DA753B37DA649BDDD59" pageId="30" pageNumber="45" start="start">moid</pageBreakToken>
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(Fig. 20A). Lateral bundles with 2 chaetae anterior to clitellum, 2 chaetae in postclitellar segments. Ventral bundles with 2-3 chaetae anterior to clitellum, 2 chaetae posteriorly. Each
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<normalizedToken id="E340C6CF5BE807B2D6AB61C28CFD50BC" originalValue="worm’s">worm's</normalizedToken>
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longest measured chaetae 25-50
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<normalizedToken id="390854B7BD0584F3091DF0E9A52E9E5F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, about 3
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<normalizedToken id="25593C0293A7B22087DE74EC2CAE2192" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide. Clitellum extending over
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<normalizedToken id="2064424A776E1787BD7343B93D942632" originalValue="XII–">XII-</normalizedToken>
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1/2XIII. Head pore at 0/1. Epidermis with transverse rows of gland cells.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F41AEC4EE6239AE7995A93C10A2D874F" pageId="30" pageNumber="45">
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Coelomocytes numerous, 10-25
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<normalizedToken id="17AE0E3019D5F60DE56C6931EBF103CA" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, spindle-shaped, oval, round, granulated with distinct nucleus. Paired pharyngeal glands present in IV, V and VI (Fig. 20B). Dorsal vessel originating in
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<normalizedToken id="64726ED98582033C5FBE455BB7AC251D" originalValue="XIII–XV">XIII-XV</normalizedToken>
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. Nephridia observed in
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<normalizedToken id="C300A0C2FFC88F92508A80DCF6B1F707" originalValue="VIII–X">VIII-X</normalizedToken>
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and
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<normalizedToken id="0955EBAC41A5B2DECC1C9F95A6BB7B5D" originalValue="XV–XXXII">XV-XXXII</normalizedToken>
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, about 70
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<normalizedToken id="9CA41ECC5746887238C063CFBABA5B3A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, anteseptale funnel only, postseptale oval, tapering into posterior efferent duct. Brain with posterior incision.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FDA7A7800253CAA9A47B089FB6FD652E" pageId="30" pageNumber="45">
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Male genitalia paired (Fig. 20D). Testes originating in XI, extending forwards into X, with testis sacs covering compact mass, slightly lobed but not regularly arranged. Sperm funnels in XI, 100-150
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<normalizedToken id="C68645535752D037102DF6AF62465742" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, 70-155
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<normalizedToken id="7CA6CE51278250800FC4A4B16CADC6B3" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide, making them about as long as wide or 1.5 times longer than wide, funnels tapering towards vasa deferentia. Most of vasa irregularly coiled in XII, 5-10
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<normalizedToken id="A88A5E7AF894B4DC0707839E873A5BF4" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide. Penial bulbs round, 70-115
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<normalizedToken id="15B27C00CDFDCBB5ECB1A0D136FD7B65" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter. Ovaries in XII. One to two mature eggs present at a time.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AA096656E10A9523C4548B93E2D1AB7D" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="30" pageNumber="45">
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Spermathecae (Fig. 20C) in V, club-shaped, with distinct ampulla. Ectal duct more than twice the length of the ampulla, abruptly widening into ampulla. Ampulla round, entally connecting with oesophagus. Sperm in ampulla aggregated into central mass haloed by circle of spermatozoa. Spermathecae 145-270
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<normalizedToken id="C7060E50787D0029B06EF73BD39F4F7B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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<pageBreakToken id="17B41F9C1079B36244A31DEDFAADF2F4" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" start="start">long</pageBreakToken>
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, 45-65
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<normalizedToken id="ED4DE6DA41B06CF2CD8B8E69532F95E9" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide at widest part of ampulla. Gland cells surrounding ectal pore, divided in several small lobes, whole glandular body 75-100
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<normalizedToken id="FE98D2CDC8A308461EA6427F66FBA5BE" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in diameter at its widest part. Up to four midventral subneural glands in
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<normalizedToken id="EAC1975B9EB990D93D68CBB7E93D1140" originalValue="XIII–">XIII-</normalizedToken>
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XVI, 50-65
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<normalizedToken id="DEFC72D04835E1CECD3DC112A3F101A7" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, 35-65
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<normalizedToken id="85C72C56DFF4B625BBEE94D862C6E622" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, 35-65
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<normalizedToken id="AFD8630DAF7091CB6245D54B3DBE80C0" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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and 35-60
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<normalizedToken id="5D16691E5C8717005D61DCAF9C2291E3" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, respectively; glands in XVI not observed in all specimens.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="210FCFEBDF0AF5F3E3A52121B9D48533" pageId="31" pageNumber="46">
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<paragraph id="23C6BD0794C0A7EDF50E839D96EE8E62" pageId="31" pageNumber="46">
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Figure 20.
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<taxonomicName id="91AE885C0A5D0F667B06FD32036F34B6" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus knoellneri" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="knoellneri">Lumbricillus knoellneri</taxonomicName>
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. A Chaetal bundle B Anterior body C Spermatheca D Other genitalia. Abbreviations under general notes. Scale bars: 100
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<normalizedToken id="CE9795D9662B93A0380FC6CA8A355EE0" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EFB49D4DC9229CAF9049BF1CBD0271EC" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="66D4C464E62C0419CF3842D84BEC6884" pageId="31" pageNumber="46">Geographical distribution including BOLD data.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="46EED91D56120B12E484EA46CB70732F" pageId="31" pageNumber="46">Genetically identified from Norway (mainland and Svalbard) and Sweden. Also known from Denmark and Germany. BIN-number: BOLD:ACM5261.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9FC7553F4D238EC4B4F624DF8E494A07" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="89CD4BAC27ED7561DF3A1C9051463CB3" pageId="31" pageNumber="46">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C70E57FFF483BDADC8FF535190DB9D0F" pageId="31" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName id="DEC1F6531A88D4F9731C095491E958B2" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lumbricillus knoellneri" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="knoellneri">Lumbricillus knoellneri</taxonomicName>
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is described as having only 2 chaetae throughout the body but the newly studied material suggests that the preclitellar ventral bundles possess 2-3 chaetae. In fact, all of the eight studied specimens had 3 chaetae in at least 2 of the preclitellar ventral bundles, some in as many as 9. We found no pattern of this distribution and for each preclitellar ventral segment bearing chaetae (
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<normalizedToken id="40DA7722E78BB109B7E2861D82D8F844" originalValue="II–XI">II-XI</normalizedToken>
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), we found representatives with either 2 or 3 chaetae. This shows how variable this trait is and could explain the difference to the description by Nielsen and Christensen. However, it could also mean that our "
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<taxonomicName id="C5B478BD5B365835C27C46F0A561342B" lsidName="L. knoellneri" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="knoellneri">L. knoellneri</taxonomicName>
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" is in fact another species. Many of the internal organs of
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<taxonomicName id="B937F80B1CE32B78571678C074C472E1" lsidName="L. knoellneri" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="knoellneri">L. knoellneri</taxonomicName>
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were as long as or even slightly longer than the ones in
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<taxonomicName id="BD8CEDF35E4B1A320D1AB16C960E835C" lsidName="L. buelowi" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="buelowi">L. buelowi</taxonomicName>
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. This in combination with a generally smaller size caused the segments of
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<taxonomicName id="72B2319EDE8E3F4C953E8339072F6163" lsidName="L. knoellneri" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="knoellneri">L. knoellneri</taxonomicName>
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to appear more contracted. For a further discussion see the Remarks for
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<taxonomicName id="BB5BF67FE1AA9004C477F416A1A67369" lsidName="L. buelowi" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="buelowi">L. buelowi</taxonomicName>
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above.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="51C045A75D1F85852A1838A756D21B3C" pageId="31" pageNumber="46">
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In 1985, Kossmagk-Stephan synonymized
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<taxonomicName id="2B3363F9866D148745C8FECE9E00151E" lsidName="L. cervisiae" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="cervisiae">L. cervisiae</taxonomicName>
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(which he himself had described as a new species two years earlier) and
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<taxonomicName id="41616CBA7D9A54B36DE993E186984BD1" lsidName="L. christenseni" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="christenseni">L. christenseni</taxonomicName>
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Tynen, 1966 with
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<taxonomicName id="095CACD8060E9AE7530B9B19C0FA3060" lsidName="L. knoellneri" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="knoellneri">L. knoellneri</taxonomicName>
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. All three species are small, have only two chaetae per bundle (at least according to the original descriptions) and similarly shaped spermathecae. However,
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<taxonomicName id="3DED4E85AE0E03709897A78A17409495" lsidName="L. christenseni" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="christenseni">L. christenseni</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a sperm funnel that is 7-8 times longer than wide which is significantly longer than the 1.5 times measured in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B57B2A98B1BF571351F177EC38A5482" lsidName="L. knoellneri" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="knoellneri">L. knoellneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The sperm funnel of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0EE9500EF4E63395D3A12488D1295FB" lsidName="L. cervisiae" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="cervisiae">L. cervisiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 3-4 times longer than wide which is also more than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F393F5AE49E62465A7C7F811D0D21641" lsidName="L. knoellneri" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="knoellneri">L. knoellneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, the testis sacs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1416C36625EC14C18E939EB2C8D69101" lsidName="L. cervisiae" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="cervisiae">L. cervisiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
cover several small scattered lobes and the vasa deferentia extends backwards into XIII. Finally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C7581057A07E2EFAE64F686A5328B8D" lsidName="L. cervisiae" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="cervisiae">L. cervisiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be more slender than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="170961C1BC6EB9CD6963F24E499B0F5A" lsidName="L. knoellneri" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="knoellneri">L. knoellneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
and has significantly smaller internal organs, which we were able to discern by examining the mounted original material of Kossmagk-Stephan. Therefore, we reject the idea of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="428D96CD6DFA2FA9CEF2CD0EC2A11ECB" lsidName="L. cervisiae" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="cervisiae">L. cervisiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1611C98E0F67262FEBDE08F6C592EF33" lsidName="L. christenseni" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="christenseni">L. christenseni</taxonomicName>
|
||
being synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57CCFD4AB3AD8623E5FAC246CDFE3323" lsidName="L. knoellneri" pageId="31" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="knoellneri">L. knoellneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
and treat them as separate species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |